Unit 2 Working the land
二、课文要点
1、根据课文内容，选择最佳答案。
1. What does the word “battle” refer to i n the second paragraph
A. The low rice output.
B. Ridding the world of hunger.
C. Fighting against farming.
D. The freedom to do research
2. Yuan Longping likes to be called a farmer for _____________.
A. he used the land as the resources for his research
B. his appearance is like that of a farmer’s
C. he struggled for the farmers
D. he was born into a farmer’s family
3. Why is Dr Yuan now circulating his knowledge in other countries
A. To teach them to use tools.
B. To earn more money.
C. To be famous.
D. To increase their rice harvests.
4. What is mainly about
A. The present situation of Yuan Longping.
B. A brief introduction of his background.
C. His achievements.
D. Both B and C.
5. It can be inferred from the text that_________.
A. Yuan know the importance of rice export
B. Yuan is interested in playing the violin
C. Yuan is proud of his achievements
D. Yuan’s rice is grown in many countries
3、根据课文内容完成下面语法填空，注意单词拼写和词语用法：
Dr Yuan Longping is a pioneer of agriculture in China. He (1)__________ from Southwest Agricultural College in then he devoted his life to (2)_________ways to grow more rice and succeeded. The rice farmers are now producing harvests twice (3)____________large as before by growing his super hybrid rice. (4)________ he was not satisfied with his work.(5)_________ now he leads a rich life, he still insists on (6)________ work to develop his rice. His work is really important to the world. Because of his hard work, the production of food has been (7)________．And the problem of (8)________ can be solved. Thanks (9)______Yuan Longping's great work, millions of people can benefit (10)________ his extraordinary work.
重点词汇
1. struggle vi.&n.斗争；拼搏；努力
[典例] They were struggling to get out the burning car. 他们挣扎着从烧着的车里往外爬。
He has been struggling with/against illness for many years. 他已与疾病斗争了许多年了。[词语归纳]
struggle for 为……而斗争struggle with / against与……作斗争
struggle to do sth.努力做某事
[练习] 按要求填空或翻译。
1). They are ___________ _______ (为……而斗争) the position
2). They struggled all through the years ______ us _______ the Japanese. (介词)
3). The fox struggled ________ (escape).
2. search for 寻找
[词语归纳] in search of = looking for
We are searching for the missing boy. 我们正在寻找那个丢失了的男孩。
3. expand vt&vi 使变大；伸展；阐述expansion n.扩张；膨胀；扩大；发展
[典例] He is thinking of expanding his business. 他正考虑扩展他的生意。
The eagle expanded its wings. 雄鹰展翅。
辨析：expand，extend，enlarge
(1)expand可以指尺码、数量、面积、体积等的扩大、增加，也可以指重要性的增强。
(2)extend 着重指长度的延伸，也可以指面积、范围的扩大，还可以用于表示世间的延长。
(3)enlarge意为扩大、放大，主要指体积、范围的扩大，一般用作及物动词。
运用用expand, extend, enlarge 的适当形式填空
①In ten years the city's population ___________ by 12%.
②Metals __________ when they are heated.
③Can you have these photos ________ for me
④The tourist season ________ from May to October.
4、thanks to 幸亏；由于；因为
thanks to 是介词短语，只能作状语，多用于褒义，也可用于讽刺口吻中，引导的介词短语可置于句首或句末。如：
Thanks to his effort, it is more successful than we have expected.
由于他的努力，我们获得了比预期更大的成功。
拓展(1)because of 意为“因为；由于”，多用于表示直接原因，通常只作状语，不作表语。后面可接名词、代词、分词等。
(2)due to 意为“由于；归因于”，可作表语和状语，不可位于句首。
(3)owing to 意为“由于”，可作状语和表语。作状语时修饰整个句子，可放在句首或句末，
用逗号将其和句子其他部分隔开。
运用用thanks to, because of, owing to, due to 填空
①This accident was ________________ the driver's carelessness.
②They decided to postpone the trip, _____________ the change of the weather.
③________________ your advice, much trouble was saved.
④He got angry ________________ what she said.
5．rid...of 摆脱；除去
典例I want to rid the room of dirt.我想除去房间的灰尘。
拓展get rid of 免除；摆脱rob sth.抢劫某人某物
remind sth.提醒某人某事
运用完成句子
①You should ______________ (使自己摆脱) that bad habit.
②You are supposed to _______________ (摆脱) carelessness.
③Please ________________ ( 提醒我一下) the date at this time tomorrow.
6．be satisfied with 对……感到满意
典例Both he and I are satisfied with the result. 我和他都对结果很满意。
拓展be pleased/content with 对……感到满意/满足satisfaction n．满意to one's satisfaction 令某人满意的是
运用完成句子
①I _____________________________ ( 对……不满意) the present situation.
②________________ (令我们满意的是), he won the race.
7．would rather do sth.宁愿做某事
典例She would rather go by car. 她宁愿坐汽车去。
拓展would rather do sth. than do sth.宁愿做某事而不愿做某事
would rather not do sth.宁愿不做某事
would rather＋that-clause 宁愿……(从句用虚拟语气，谓语动词多用did/had done)
运用用所给单词的适当形式填空
①We would rather you ________ (stay) with us tonight.
②I would rather ________ (go) there alone.
③He would rather ________ (play) basketball than ________(listen) to music.
④I would rather you _____________ (attend) the meeting yesterday.
⑤He said he would rather __________ (not do) it right now.
8.therefore adv. “因此，所以”，副词，常和and搭配连接句子。正式用语，常用于数学、逻辑和其他精密的推论中，特用以表示严密的推理。
典例I was ill, and therefore I couldn’t come.我当时病了，因此没能来
9. equip vt.&vi. 配备；装备equipment n.[u] 装备；设备
[典例] A good education should equip you for life. 有良好的教育能受用终生。
[重点用法]
equip sb./sth. with 用……武装某人；用……装备某物
equip ...在……上装备某物to be specially equipped 装备独特
to be well equipped 装备精良equip ...使某人具有……
[练习] 按要求填空或翻译。
1). The soldiers were well _______ _______ (装备好了) weapons.
2). We must equip young teachers _______ _______ _______ (对付) difficult children.
3). This library is equipped _______ (介词) atomic research.
4). Our classroom _______ _______ _______ (装备有) a computer and a tape recorder.
10.confuse 动词, 表示“把(某人)弄糊涂; 使迷惑”。confusion n.混乱; 慌乱; 混淆
[典例] He was confused by a strange idea. 他被奇怪的念头弄糊涂了。
拓展be/ get confused with 对……感到困惑confuse with 混淆……
confusing和confused辨析: 这两个词都是由confuse转化而来的形容词。
confusing意思是“莫名其妙的; 难以理解的强调事物本身所具有的性质;
confused意思是“糊涂的; 迷乱的”, 强调人对某事物的感受。
运用完成句子
①The police ______________(对……感到困惑) the case after they heard what he said.
11. regret 动词, 意为“为……感到遗憾; 后悔; 惋惜”。
[典例] I didn’t regr et the choice I had made. 我做了这个选择并不后悔。
【拓展】1) regret还可用作名词, 意为“遗憾; 后悔”。
I felt a great regret at having spent my time in this way. 我对这样浪费光阴深感懊悔。
2) regret to do sth 表示“遗憾地要……”，后面的动词常是say, tell, speak, inform等;
regret doing sth 表示“后悔做过……”; to one’s regret 令人遗憾的是
运用I_________________（遗憾地说）you are fired by the company.
12. build up 逐渐建立；逐渐增强体质；积累；开发
[典例] You need more protein to build you up. 你需要增加蛋白质以增强体质。
[练习] 翻译填空。
1). Slowly a thick layer of fat ________ ________ (越聚越多) on the pan’ s surface.
2). Exercise will help ________ ________ (增强) the muscles.
3). They have finally ________ ________ (建立) a big company.
Keys: 1). builds up 2). build up 3). built up
13. lead to 导致；造成（后果）；通往
[典例] This misprint led to great confusion. 这个印刷错误造成很大的混淆。
[短语归纳] lead短语：
lead sb. to 把某人带到lead sb. to do sth. 导致某人做某事
lead sb. in doing sth. 领导/带领某人做某事 lead to sb. doing sth. 导致某人做某事
[练习] 根据句子意思填空或按要求填空。
1). The events ________ ________ the start of the First World War.
2). What led him ________ (kill) his wife
3). He had led everyone ________ (believe) that his family was very wealthy.
4). Our research led us ________ (介词) the conclusion that the present system is unfair.
5). Too much work and too little rest often _______ _______ illness.
6). He will lead the party of scientists ________ (do) the research.
7). Failure often lies in laziness while hard work _ ________ success.
8). The driver’s carelessness ________ ________ the serious traffic accident.
14. keep...free from/of = protect sb./sth. from... 使……免受(影响/伤害
[典例] We should keep ourselves free from drugs. 我们应该远离毒品。
[练习] 根据句子意思填空。
1). We’ ve managed to ________ the garden ________ ________weeds this year.
2). Relaxation exercises can ________ your body ________ ________ tension.
重点句子
1．Dr Yuan Longping grows what is called super hybrid rice.
袁隆平博士种植的是被称为“超级杂交水稻”的稻种。
解析“what is called super hybrid rice”是what 引导的宾语从句，作grows 的宾语，what 在从句中作主语。引导词what 在此句中相当于“the ＋n. ＋that” 结构。本句可改为“Dr Yuan Longping grows the rice t hat is called super hybrid rice.”。
运用完成句子
①At last, they reached _____________________________(被称为美洲大陆的新地方)．
＝At last, they reached ________________________ the New America.
②He graduated from ________________________________(一所所谓的重点高中)．
＝He graduated from _________________________ a key one.
2、what was called a key high school=the high school that was called
2. This special strain of rice makes it possible to produce one-third more of the crop in the same
fields.这种特殊的稻种使得同样的田地多收获三分之一的产量。
[解释] 本句包含“make it＋宾语补足语＋动词不定式”结构，it 作形式宾语，动词不定式才是真正的宾语，有时真正的宾语还可以是从句。可用于此结构的常见动词还有：consider/think/make/find/believe/declare/feel/guess/imagine/prove等。如：
He felt it his duty to take good care of them. 他感觉到好好照顾他们是他的责任。
The bad weather makes it impossible for us to go for a picnic.
运用完成句子
①We should ______________________ (使保护环境成为我们的职责) the environment.
②We _________________________________ ( 认为精通英语极其重要) English.
3．Born in 1930, Dr Yuan graduated from Southwest Agricultural College in 1953.
出生于1930 年，袁博士1953 年毕业于西南农业大学。
[解释] 本句中，“born in 1930”为过去分词短语作状语，表示时间，过去分词所表示的动作与句子的主语构成逻辑上的被动关系。过去分词短语作状语还可以表示原因、条件、让步、结果、方式等。
运用用所给单词的适当形式填空
①_______________ (equip) with electronic dictionaries, the students find learning English is much easier and more convenient.
②_________________ (ask) what had happened, he lowered his head.
③_________________ (grow) in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast.
④_________________ (left) at home, Jean didn't feel afraid at all.
动词-ing 形式作主语和宾语
一、动名词的形式
二、v-ing作主语的用法
动名词作主语时，句子有三种形式：
1. v-ing直接置于句首主语的位置上。作主语表示抽象的或泛指的动作, 谓语动词用单数。
例如Doing sports does good to us.
Swimming is my favorite sport.
2. 动词-ing形式作主语时常后置, 用it作形式主语，用形容词或名词作表语。常见的作表语的名词或短语有：useful, useless, no use, no good, fun, hard work, a hard / difficult job, a wonder, a waste of time等。
例如It is no use waiting for him any longer.
It is a waste of time arguing about it.
3. “There is + no”后可以用动词-ing形式作主语，表示“没法……”，=“It is impossible to do… ”。
例如There is no joking about such matters. 这种事开不得玩笑。
There was no telling when this might happen again.
三、v-ing作宾语的用法
1. 某些动词后只能用动名词作宾语，常见的此类动词有: admit, escape, appreciate, excuse, stand, advise, allow, permit, avoid, consider, enjoy, finish, imagine, include, keep, mind, risk, miss, delay(延
误), practise, suggest等。
★★常跟动词ing作宾语的动词歌诀:
避免错过少延期（avoid, miss, postpone）
建议完成多练习（advice, finish, practise）
喜欢想象禁不住（enjoy, imagine, can’t help）
承认否认与嫉妒（admit, deny, envy）
逃避冒险莫原谅（escape, risk, excuse）
例如：He suggested going there by bus.
2. 有些短语如can‘t stand, give up, put off, keep on, set about, succeed in, insist on, feel like, be/get used to, devote…to…, look forward to, pay attention to, get down to(着手做...) , end up, lead to, think of / about, be afraid of，be busy (in)，be fond of，be good at，be delighted in，be interested in，be proud of，be tired of，be astonished at，be surprised at，be terrified at，apologize (to sb.) for，excuse／forgive／praise／thank sb. for, prevent／stop／keep sb from, have difficulty／trouble (in)(做……有困难，有麻烦)，等后常接名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语。
例如：I have never dreamed of visiting that place.
3. 既跟动词ing又接不定式作宾语的动词歌诀:
双方一旦开始，不论喜欢与否，都得继续下去。不管记住与否，努力打算停止，后悔三个需要。begin, start, like, prefer, hate, dislike, continue. remember, forget, try, mean, stop, regret, require.★意义区分：
remember/forget/regret+ to do 记得/忘记/遗憾要做某事，表该动作未曾发生
remember/forget/regret+ doing记得/忘记/后悔要做某事，表该动作已发生
mean to do 打算，意欲做... mean doing 意味着...
can‘t help to do 不能帮着做... can‘t help doing 禁不住做...
go on to do 继续做另一件事go on doing 继续做同一件事
try to do 试着做某事try doing 试一试
stop to do 停止一件事去做另一件事stop doing 停止做同一件事
4. need, require, want作“需要”解时, 后接动词-ing形式作宾语, 主动形式表示被动意义, 相当于to be done。
例如：The lake needs repairing.
5. V-ing做真正宾语，it做形式宾语的句型
用it做形式宾语，真正的宾语是V-ing短语，其结构如下：
think useless
consider no use
主语+ find + it + no good + doing
feel like …
例如：I found it useless arguing about it.
6. 在have trouble/ a problem/ a good time (in) doing，spend time/ money (in) doing，be busy (in) doing等结构中，介词in常可以省略。
He had trouble (in) studying French.
高考英语语法之简单句知识点全集汇编含答案 一、选择题 1．he tower building, where you can see the whole city. A．Standing on the top of B．If you climb to C．When you reach the top of D．Get to the top of 2．_____ the plant once a week if you are to get fruit in the autumn. A．Watered B．Watering C．To water D．Water 3．—It’s the first time that you’ve been here, ? —Yes. So beautiful a town! I love it! A．hasn’t it B．haven’t you C．aren’t you D．isn’t it 4．--- Hey, Sherly, welcome back! __________? ---- Ok, I guess. My son and I went to Hainan and enjoyed the beautiful scenery there. A．How was your holiday B．How is your son C．Where did you go for holiday D．What did you do in your holiday 5．Mrs. White doesn’t believe that her son is able to make such great progress in Mathematics, ? A．is he B．isn’t he C．doesn’t she D．does she 6．_____ it is to skate on real ice! A．What fun B．What a fun C．How a fun D．What funs 7．Do be careful next time, _____? A．will you B．do you C．don’t you D．aren’t you 8．Before you quit your job, ________ how your family would feel about your decision. A．consider B．considering C．to consider D．considered 9．-- Could I speak to Mr Smith, please? ---______. I’ll go and ask him to answer the call A．Please hang on B．Please ring off C．Please hang up D．speaking 10．You must have seen him off yesterday, _________? A．haven't you B．didn't you C．mustn't you D．needn't you 11．______ what you’re doing today important, because you’re trading a day of your life for it A．Make B．To make C．Making D．Made 12．________ a beautiful singing voice, so she was encouraged to apply for the program of vocal
初一英语语法及主要知 识点归纳总结 Pleasure Group Office【T985AB-B866SYT-B182C-BS682T-STT18】
初一英语知识点归纳总结 分类：英语学习 Unit 1 Where’s your pen pal from 一．短语： 1 ．be from = come from 来自于---- 2． live in 居住在--- 3． on weekends 在周末 4 ．write to sb = write a letter to sb 给某人写信；写信给某人 5 ．in the world 在世界上 in China 在中国 6．pen pal 笔友 14 years old 14岁 favorite subject 最喜欢的科目 7．the United States 美国 the United Kingdom 英国 New York 纽约 8．speak English 讲英语 like and dislike 爱憎 9．go to the movies 去看电影 play sports 做运动 二．重点句式： 1 Where’s your pen pal from = Where does your pen pal from/ 2 Where does he live 3 What language(s) does he speak 4 I want a pen pal in China. 5 I can speak English and a little French. 6 Please write and tell me about yourself. 7 Can you write to me soon 8 I like going to the movies with my friends and playing sports. 三．本单元的国家，人民、语言对应。 1 Canada---- Canadian---- English / French 2 France------ French------French 3 Japan------Japanese----Japanese 4 Australia----Australian----- English 5 the United States------ American---- English 6 the United Kingdom---British----- Enghish Unit 2 Where’s the post office 一． Asking ways: (问路) 1．Where is (the nearest) …… （最近的）……在哪里 2．Can you tell me the way to …… 你能告诉我去……的路吗 3．How can I get to …… 我怎样到达……呢 4．Is there …… near here / in the neighborhood 附近有……吗 5．Which is the way to …… 哪条是去……的路 二．Showing the ways: （指路） 1. Go straight down / along this street. 沿着这条街一直走。 2. Turn left at the second turning. 在第二个路口向左转。 3. You will find it on your right. 你会在你右手边发现它。 4. It is about one hundred metres from here. 离这里大约一百米远。 5. You’d better take a bus. 你最好坐公交车去。（You’d better+动词原形）
初二英语语法总结 1) leave的用法 1.“leave+地点”表示“离开某地”。例如： When did you leave Shanghai? 你什么时候离开上海的？ 2.“leave for+地点”表示“动身去某地”。例如： Next Friday, Alice is leaving for London. 下周五，爱丽斯要去伦敦了。 3.“leave+地点+for+地点”表示“离开某地去某地”。例如： Why are you leaving Shanghai for Beijing? 你为什么要离开上海去北京？ 2) 情态动词should“应该”学会使用 should作为情态动词用，常常表示意外、惊奇、不能理解等，有“竟会”的意思，例如：How should I know? 我怎么知道？ Why should you be so late today? 你今天为什么来得这么晚？ should有时表示应当做或发生的事，例如： We should help each other.我们应当互相帮助。 我们在使用时要注意以下几点： 1. 用于表示“应该”或“不应该”的概念。此时常指长辈教导或责备晚辈。例如： You should be here with clean hands. 你应该把手洗干净了再来。 2. 用于提出意见劝导别人。例如： You should go to the doctor if you feel ill. 如果你感觉不舒服，你最好去看医生。 3. 用于表示可能性。should的这一用法是考试中常常出现的考点之一。例如： We should arrive by supper time. 我们在晚饭前就能到了。 She should be here any moment. 她随时都可能来。 3) What...? 与 Which...? 1. what 与 which 都是疑问代词，都可以指人或事物，但是what仅用来询问职业。如：What is your father? 你父亲是干什么的？ 该句相当于： What does your father do?
知识点： 1.简单句 概念：只有一套主谓系统的句子 组成：主干成分+修饰成分 2.主干成分含有主语、谓语或谓语动词、宾语、表语、补语 要特别注意表语和补语的概念：①表语：位于系动词之后的对主语的描述成分。Eg.she became a lawyer.解析：became在句中担任表语成分，因为它是一个系动词。②补语：用来补充主语和宾语的意义，一般都着重说明主语或宾语的特征，常由名词或形容词担任。Eg.his joke made me laugh.解析：laugh在句中担任补语成分，着重强调我在哭。 3.系动词的分类 ①be动词(am，is，are) ②感官动词(feel，look，smell，sound，taste，seem) ③"变得"词(get，become，turn，grow) ④"保持"(keep，stay) 4. 组成主干成分的五种形式(主语用蓝色标示，谓语/系动词用红色，宾语用黄色，宾补用绿色，补语/表语紫色） ①主谓eg. The man cooked. ②主谓宾eg. They ate some apples ③主系表eg. The weather became warmer. ④主谓双宾eg. I showed her my photos. ⑤主谓宾宾补eg.we keep the table clean.(宾补的全称是宾语补足语，只要是跟在宾语后面的补语都是来修饰前面的宾语。） 5.修饰成分 包括定语、状语、同位语、插入语 ①定语的含义：修饰名词，翻译成...的...的句子，前面的...是定语，后面的...是它要修饰的对象。比如: a famous American University.一个有名的美国大学，有名的famous就是定语，American University是修饰对象。 后置定语的类型：
初中英语语法大全 一、词类、句子成分和构词法： 1、词类：英语词类分十种：名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词 动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.)：表人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。如：who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面名词或代词与其他句子成分关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主、谓、宾、定、状、表、宾补。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如：I‘m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词 或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如：He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。 间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如： Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市) 6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任。如：He works hard .(他工作努力) 7、宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,通常由形容词或动词充当。如：They usually keep their classroom clean.(他们通常让教室保持清洁) / He often helps me do my lessons.(他常常帮我做功课) / The teacher wanted me to learn French all by myself.(老师要我自学法语) ☆同位语通常紧跟在名词、代词后面,进一步说明它的情况。如：Where is your classmate Tom ?(你
大学英语语法及练习 Last updated at 10:00 am on 25th December 2020
大学英语语法及练习 第一讲虚拟语气 I. 考点分析：分四级语法复习 虚拟语气是动词的特殊形式，用来表达说话人的意愿、建议、请求、意图、惊奇、设想等未能或不可能成为事实的情况，以及在说话人看来实现的可能性很小的情况。 虚拟语气是非常重要的语法考点。考查历届四级试题，我们发现与虚拟语气有关的考题每次至少2题，有时甚至3-4题。虚拟语气的考查要点有： 1. 虚拟语气的形式：分清虚拟时间和主从句的动词形式十分重要，因此我们把所有虚拟语气的不同类型列表归纳并进行对比，以便于同学们记忆掌握。
2. 要注意从句中第一/三人称的过去式was用were代替。 例如：If I were invited, I would come. If she were not ill, she could do a lot of things. 3. if条件句中如谓语动词是were, had, should, could时，可以省略if, 把它们前置。
例如： Had my father a lot of money, he would send me abroad. Could I do it, I would surely do it. Should the Black Death reappear, what should we do?（万一黑死病再次出现，我们该怎么办） 4. 错综时间的条件句是难点，如99年1月第60题: If I hadn’t stood under the ladder to catch you when you fell, you wouldn’t be smiling now.（从句用过去完成时，主句用现在进行时） 又如：If I were you, I would have gone to the film last night.(从句虚拟现在，主句虚拟过去)；If we hadn’t got everything ready by now, we should be having a terrible time tomorrow.(从句虚拟过去，主句虚拟将来)； If the weather had been more favorable, the crops would be growing still better.(从句虚拟过去，主句虚拟现在) 5. 虚拟句的另一难点是省略if条件句的含蓄条件句，如： I would have written the paper before, but I have been ill.(=If I had not been ill, I would have written the paper before.); A true friend would have acted differently. (=A friend, if he had been true, would have acted differently.) 6. 注意介词短语 without, but for, in the absence等表示虚拟条件。
《新概念英语语法》第一册： 第一册重点语法知识点都包含： 时态：一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时，一般过去时，过去进行时，过去完成时，一般将来时，过去将来时。 词性：动词现在分词、动词的过去式和过去分词。形容词、副词的比较级与最高级。助动词、情态动词、半情态动词的使用。动词不定式。反身代词、不定代词。特殊疑问词。 句式：简单句、并列句、复合句（定语从句、状语从句、宾语从句）。 语态：被动语态。 结构：There be结构。 语序：倒装。
（请记住以下特殊疑问句的特殊疑问词） 1、Why （有关原因） 2、What （有关事物） 3、Which （有关事物） 4、Who （有关人物） 5、Whose （有关人物） 6、Where （有关地点） 7、When （有关时间） 8、How （有关方法或状态） （英语中无论时间、地点还是人或事都遵循着从小到大的规则。也遵循着先出现地点后出现时间的规则。） 第一部份：词法（请记注以下词性概念，具体的用法参考我们所学过的课文） 一、动词：（表示动作或状态等。） 1、记住以下常见系动词
２、记住以下常见助动词 二、冠词（用在名词前帮助说明其词义） 三、名词（表示人或事物的名称） 四、代词（用来代替名词或数词等，包含反身代词） 五、形容词（用来修饰名词或代词） 六、副词（用来修饰动词、形容词、或副词） 七、介词（用在名词、代词等前面，表示与别的词的关系） 八、数词（表示数目或顺序） 九、连词（用来加接词与词或句与句） 十、感叹词（表示说话时的感情或口气） 第二部分：词法规则 一、可数名词的复数规则变化 1、一般情况下未尾加“s”。 2、以x，ss，sh，ch，x结尾的名词加“es”。 3、以ce,se,ze,（d）ge结尾的词加“s”。 4、以辅音字母+y结尾的词，变“y”为“i”在加“es”。 5、以元音字母+y结尾的词，直接加“s”。 6、以f，fe结尾的名词一般变“f”或“fe”为“v”在加“es”。（以f或fe结尾的部分 名词可直接加“s”） 7、以o结尾的名词一般加“s”。（部分以辅音字母+o结尾的加“es”） 二、规则动词的过去式与过去分词变化与动词现在分词的变化 1、一般动词过去式在未尾加“ed”。 2、结尾是e的动词加“d”。 3、未尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加“ed”。 4、结尾是辅音字母+y的动词，先变“y”为“i”在加“ed”。 5、动词的现在分词一般情况下在原形后加“ing”。 6、如果以e结尾的动词则去“e”在加“ing”来构成现在分词。 7、如果动词只有一个元音字母，而后面跟了一个辅音字母时，则需双写辅音字母再加“ing” 来构成动词的现在分词。 三、形容词与副词的比较级、最高级（比较级在未尾加“er”而最高级在未尾加“est”）它 们都遵循着以下规则 1、一般情况下单音节的形容词或副词则在原形未尾加“er”。 2、如果以e结尾的形容词或副词则加“r”。 3、有些以y结尾的双音节词，如果y前面是一个辅音字母则变“y”为“i”在加“er”。
初一英语语法知识点总结归纳 【导语】学习是一架保持平衡的天平，一边是付出，一边是收获，少付出少收获，多付出多收获，不劳必定无获！要想取得理想的成绩，勤奋至关重要！只有勤奋学习，才能成就美好人生！勤奋出天才，这是一面永不褪色的旗帜，它永远激励我们不断追求、不断探索。有书好好读，有书赶快读，读书的时间不多。只要我们刻苦拼搏、一心向上，就一定能取得令人满意的成绩。下面是无忧考网为您整理的《初一英语语法知识点总结归纳》，仅供大家参考。【陈述句】 1、概念：说明一个事实或是陈述说话人的看法的句子，句末用句号。 2、分类：陈述句根据其语法结构，可大体分为―主语+谓语‖和―主语+连系动词+表语‖两种;而从语气的角度分，又可分为肯定陈述句和否定陈述句(1)“主语+谓语”结构① 肯定陈述句I like that book.我喜欢那本书。(陈述一个事实) I really agree.我确实同意。(陈述一个观点) ② 否定陈述句I did not buy the TV.我没有买那个电视。(陈述一个事实) (2)主语+连系动词+表语结构① 肯定陈述名The film is boring . 这部电影没意思。(陈述观点) ② 否定陈述句Smoking is not good for your health.抽烟对你的健康没有好处。(陈述一个事实) 3、陈述句的否定结构：陈述句的否定式主要用两种结构来表达：(1)句子的谓语动词为be , have 或者谓语动词有助动词、情态动词时，其否定结构为：主语+谓语动词/助动词/情态动词+ not + 其他成分I am not a teacher. 我不是老师。We have not (haven`t) any books on animals. 我们没有任何有关动物方面
初中英语语法知识点总结-句子的基本结构
3)表延续的动词: remain, keep, hold, stay, rest等。 5、定语：对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子。 The black bike is mine.（形容词） The boy in blue is Jim.（介词短语） I have nothing to do today.（动词不定式） 注意：1) 当定语修饰不定代词如：nothing , anything , everything , something等时，定语要放在其后作后置定语。例如： I tell him something interesting. 2) 不定式、短语或从句作定语时，也放在被修饰的名词之后。 例如：The boys who are in the room are playing games. 6、状语：用以修饰adj. /v. /adv.及全句，位置灵活。 1、修饰形容词或副词时，通常位于被修饰的词之前； I am very sorry. 2、表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头，强调时放在句首。In order to cheer him up, I told him the truth. They are writing English in the classroom. 3、一些表示不确定时间（如：often）或程度（如：almost）的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，动词之前。 We often help him.
He is always late for class. 7、补语：补充说明宾语的情况。由n./adj./介宾/分词/不定式等担任。常位于宾语后。 He made me sad.（形容词） She asks me to take an umbrella.（不定式） The war made him a soldier.（名词） I find him at home.（介词短语） I saw a cat running along the wall.（分词） 8、同位语：同位语是句子成分的一种, 它位于名词、代词后面, 说明它们的性质和情况, 它可以由名词、代词、名词性短语或从句充当。Tom, our monitor, is a handsome boy. I myself will do the experiment. She is the oldest among them six. 一）. 简单句五种基本句型： 句子包含主要句子成分(主语、谓语)和次要句子成分(表语、宾语、宾语补足语),按照动词的性质将英语简单句划分为以下五种基本句型：1、基本句型的词序：
高考英语语法之简单句知识点知识点(6) 一、选择题 1．_____ do you think is happening there? A．How B．What C．When D．Which 2．—I telephoned him twice and I couldn’t get through to him. —The line might have been out of order, _________? A．don’t you B．do you C．wasn’t it D．hadn’t it 3．J ust as Oprah Winfrey puts it, _____thankful for what you have and you’ll end up having more. A．be B．being C．to be D．having been 4．There is little doubt in your mind that he does well in English, ________? A．is there B．isn’t there C．does he D．doesn’t he 5．_____ it is to skate on real ice! A．What fun B．What a fun C．How a fun D．What funs 6．Do be careful next time, _____? A．will you B．do you C．don’t you D．aren’t you 7．I don’t think he is right, ______? A．is he B．isn’t he C．do I D．don’t he 8．You must have seen him off yesterday, _________? A．haven't you B．didn't you C．mustn't you D．needn't you 9．___our earth, or else it will be no longer for us to live on. A．Protected B．To protect C．protecting D．Protect 10．Written in a hurry, ____________. How can it be satisfactory? A．they found many mistakes in the report B．Sam made lots of mistakes in the report C．there are many mistakes in the report D．the report is full of mistakes 11．You had one of your teeth pulled out, ________? A．had you B．hadn’t you C．did you D．didn’t you 12．I don't believe you can do today's job with yesterday's methods and be in tomorrow's business，________？ A．do I B．don't I C．can you D．can't you
高一英语重点语法总结与归纳 高一英语时态语法知识点：现在进行时 1.表示现在 (说话瞬间)正在进行或发生的动作。 [例句] He is reading a newspaper now. 2.表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作 (说话时动作不一定正在进行)。 [例句] What are you doing these days? 3.表示说话人现在对主语的行为表示赞叹或厌恶等,常与always, constantly, continually等副词连用。 [例句] He is always thinking of others. 4.表示在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作。常限于go, come, leave, start, arrive等表“移动”“方向”的词。 [例句] He is coming to see me next week. 高一英语时态语法知识点：过去进行时 1.表示过去某时正在进行的动作。 [例句] He was sleeping when Mary came to see him. 2.动词go, come, leave, arrive, start等的过去进行时常表过去将来时。[例句] She said she was going to Beijing the day after tomorrow. 高一英语时态语法知识点：一般现在时 1.表示现在习惯或经常反复发生的动作或存在的状态,常与usually, always, sometimes, often, every day / week / month / year等时间状语连用。[例句] He often does his homework in his study.
初中英语语法大全-句子的种类 按照英语句子的使用目的和用途，句子可分为四类： 陈述句(Declarative Sentence)、疑问句(Interrogative Sentence)、祈使句(Imperative Sentence)和感叹句(Exclamatory Sentence)。 陈述句包括肯定陈述句和否定陈述句。 疑问句有一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。 图解语法 1. 陈述句 说明一个事实或陈述一个人的看法，陈述句包括肯定陈述句和否定陈述句 特别提示：
肯定陈述句改成否定句或一般疑问句时，如句中有already，some，something，somebody等词，须分别改成yet，any，anything，anybody 等。 另外，也要注意，too改成either，both改成neither，all改成none等。 2. 疑问句
3. 常用的特殊疑问句
4. 特殊的反意疑问句 ①主句是祈使句时，“will you?”意为“请求”，“won’t you?”表示提醒对方注意。 例句： Look at the blackboard, will you / won’t you? Don’t be late again, will you? ②感叹句后的反意疑问，用一般现在时态的否定形式 例句： What fine weather, isn’t it? How beautifully she sings, doesn’t she? ③陈述部分是“I am …”时，用“aren’t I?”而不用“am not I?” 例句： I'm working now, aren’t I?
八年级下册英语语法知识点归纳总结 （2021最新版） 作者：______ 编写日期：2021年__月__日 【导语】要想取得好的学习成绩，必须要有良好的学习习惯。习惯是经过重复练习而巩固下来的稳重持久的条件反射和自然需要。建立良好的学习习惯，就会使自己学习感到有序而轻松。以下是小编为您整理的《八年级下册英语语法知识点归纳总结》，供大家查阅。 【篇一】 He said I was hard-working. 重点语法：宾语从句结构：主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语从句(主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语/表语) 例句：----Im good at English. He says. (改为加宾语从句的复合句)
----He says Im good at English. 注意：①主句是一般现在时态，宾语从句的时态不受其影响。例句：He says Im good at English now. He says I was good at mathematics when I was young. ②主句是过去时态，宾语从句也要用过去时态。例句：He said I was good at mathematics when I was young yesterday. He said I was good at English now yesterday. ③宾语从句是客观真理时永远用一般现在时态。例句：Our teacher says 24 hours make a day. Our teacher said the sun gives us so many energy yesterday. ④动词原形不能作主语，必须用其 -ing 形式。例句：She said helping others changed her life. 重点短语：direct speech 直接引语 reported speech = indirect speech 间接引语 first of all = at first 首先 pass on 传递 be supposed to do sth. 应该做某事 be good at = do well in 在某方面做得好 in good health 身体健康 get over 克服 open up 打开 care for = take care of = look after 照料;照顾 not any more = not any longer = no longer 不再 have a cold 感冒 end-of-year exam 年终考试 get nervous 变得紧张 forget to do sth. 忘记做某事(该事未做) forget doing sth. 忘记做某事(该事已做) its + adj. + [for sb.] + to do sth. 做某事[对某人来说](加形容词) context 上下文 Reading Strategy(阅读方法) First read for meaning， not for detail. (首先理解文段的大致意思，不在于文段的细节部分。) You can understand the meaning of a word you dont know from the context. (至于不懂的单词，
高考英语语法之简单句知识点综合训练(3) 一、选择题 1．he tower building, where you can see the whole city. A．Standing on the top of B．If you climb to C．When you reach the top of D．Get to the top of 2．________ a beautiful singing voice, so she was encouraged to apply for the program of vocal music. A．Born in B．Having born in C．Being born with D．She was born with 3．There is little doubt in your mind that he does well in English, ________? A．is there B．isn’t there C．does he D．doesn’t he 4．_____ the plant once a week if you are to get fruit in the autumn. A．Watered B．Watering C．To water D．Water 5．—It’s the first time that you’ve been here, ? —Yes. So beautiful a town! I love it! A．hasn’t it B．haven’t you C．aren’t you D．isn’t it 6．Mrs. White doesn’t believe that her son is able to make such great progress in Mathematics, ? A．is he B．isn’t he C．doesn’t she D．does she 7．（题文）Taking exercise every morning helps to lose weight, ________? A．doesn’t it B．don’t they C．isn’t it D．aren’t they 8．Sarah had her washing machine repaired the day before yesterday, ________ she? A．had B．did C．hadn't D．didn't 9．______ what you’re doing today important, because you’re trading a day of your life for it A．Make B．To make C．Making D．Made 10．___our earth, or else it will be no longer for us to live on. A．Protected B．To protect C．protecting D．Protect 11．Written in a hurry, ____________. How can it be satisfactory? A．they found many mistakes in the report B．Sam made lots of mistakes in the report C．there are many mistakes in the report D．the report is full of mistakes 12．I don't believe you can do today's job with yesterday's methods and be in tomorrow's business，________？
八年级下册英语语法知识点归纳总结 He said I was hard-working. 重点语法：宾语从句 结构：主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语从句(主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语/表语) 例句：----Im good at English. He says. (改为加宾语从句的复合句) ----He says Im good at English. 注意：①主句是一般现在时态，宾语从句的时态不受其影响。 例句：He says Im good at English now. He says I was good at mathematics when I was young. ②主句是过去时态，宾语从句也要用过去时态。 例句：He said I was good at mathematics when I was young yesterday. He said I was good at English now yesterday. ③宾语从句是客观真理时永远用一般现在时态。 例句：Our teacher says 24 hours make a day. Our teacher said the sun gives us so many energy yesterday. ④动词原形不能作主语，必须用其 -ing 形式。 例句：She said helping others changed her life. 重点短语：direct speech 直接引语
reported speech = indirect speech 间接引语 first of all = at first 首先 pass on 传递 be supposed to do sth. 应该做某事 be good at = do well in 在某方面做得好 in good health 身体健康 get over 克服 open up 打开 care for = take care of = look after 照料;照顾 not any more = not any longer = no longer 不再 have a cold 感冒 end-of-year exam 年终考试 get nervous 变得紧张 forget to do sth. 忘记做某事(该事未做) forget doing sth. 忘记做某事(该事已做) its + adj. + [for sb.] + to do sth. 做某事[对某人来说](加形容词) context 上下文 Reading Strategy(阅读方法) First read for meaning， not for detail. (首先理解文段的大致意思，不在于文段的细节部分。) You can understand the meaning of a word you dont know from