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PPAP要求

PPAP要求
PPAP要求

PPAP(生产件批准程序)

P RODUCTION P ART A PPROV AL P ROCESS

一,定义(什么是PPAP):definition

顾客对供应商的产品、生产条件、生产过程等方面的书面约定与认可。

PPAP is a production part approval process used by US auto industry (GM, Ford, and Chrysler).

The Production Part Approval Process (PPAP) outlines the methods used for approval of production and service commodities, including bulk materials, up to and including part submission warrant in the Advanced Quality Planning process. The purpose of the PPAP process is to ensure that suppliers of components comply with the design specification and can show documentary evidence that the level can be maintained during the life of the product.

二,目的(aim):

确定供方是否已经正确理解了顾客工程设计记录和规范的所有要求,并且在执行所要求的生产节拍下的实际生产过程中,具有持续满足这些要求的潜在能力。

The Purpose of PPAP is to determine if all customer engineering design records and specification requirements are properly understood by the supplier and that the process has the potential to produce product meeting these requirements during an actual production run at the quoted rate.

三,过程要求:process requir

用于PPAP的产品必须:

1.取自重要的生产过程;

2.是1小时到8小时的生产,且规定的生产数量至少为300件连续生产的部件,

除非顾客代表另有规定;

3.在生产现场使用与生产环境相同的工装、量具、工艺、材料和操作人员进行生

产。

四,要求:qualification requirements

1.设计记录(design records)

-应提交包括成套零件图样在内的所有设计记录,如CAD/CAM、数据资料、零件图样和技术规范;

-所有图纸必须被批准,并是最新状态的;

-设计记录应包括YF产品工程师批准的任何工程更改文件(如果有)

Design records are engineering requirements for judging the acceptability of a part characteristic. For qualification, every feature of the product as identified by engineering specifications or part drawing/print must be measured. Design records are consider as, all customer and supplier design records (e.g.: CAD, Pro-E files, part drawing/ prints, specifications)

2.工程更改文件(如果有)Engineering Change Documents (if any)

Engineering Change Documents are defined as any authorized engineering change(s)

(authorized by Motorola development engineering) not yet recorded in the design record but incorporated in the product, part or tooling.

3.顾客工程批准(如果要求)Customer Engineering Approval (If required)

Customer Engineering approval is the process that provides for two way communication between the component supplier & the responsible Motorola design engineering activity and through which the supplier requests concurrence for certain design and process changes.

Once Motorola design engineering determines that the change is feasible and an engineering approval is required, the supplier will complete and submit the Process Change Notification for approval.

4.设计FMEA Design FMEA

-只对有设计职责的供应商适用;

-采用FMEA工具和标准表格;

-保留在供应商处,任何时候可供客户评审。

FMEA is an Engineering “Reliability Tool” that helps to define,identify, prioritize, and Eliminate known and/or potential failures of the system, design, or manufacturing process before they reach the customer. The Goal of Design or Process FMEA is to eliminate the Failure modes or reduce their risk.

5.过程流程图Process Flow Diagram

过程流程图建议采用提供的标准格式

-操作描述应尽量具体;

-过程流程图应体现全过程,包括所有接收、存储、生产、检验、返工、包装和标签作业以及发运;

-过程流程图应与PFMEA和控制计划相适应;

-对于关键产品特性(KPC)和关键控制特性(KCC)应注明。

Process is a combination of people, equipment, method,Material, and environment that produces output, for a given product or service. P rocess F low D iagram depicts the flow of materials through the process, including any re-work,repair operations or cycle time.

6.过程FMEA Process FMEA

-采用FMEA工具和标准表格;

-所有潜在失效模式和后果都应被考虑并设法消除;

-如果没有任何建议措施,必须在建议措施栏注明“无”;

-不要用“操作工失误”作为潜在失效,应从工艺和系统中寻找失效的根本原因;

-过程FMEA应由一小组共同完成,这个小组由每一与过程相关的部门代表组成;

-过程FMEA必须确定所有特殊特性(如主要、关键、重要特性);

-要求评审所有客户和内部问题,并调整风险顺序数;

-过程FMEA是动态文件应在整个产品生命期中不断利用并更新,并提交最新版本。

FMEA is an Engineering “Reliability Tool” that helps to define, identify, prioritize, and Eliminate known and/or potential failures of the system, design, or manufacturing process before they reach the customer. The Goal of Design or Process FMEA is to eliminate the Failure modes or reduce their risk.

7.尺寸结果Dimensional Results

-该记录用于验证零件及总成满足所有图纸上和控制计划的尺寸要求;

-如果是多个型腔、铸模、冲模、仿形模或生产线生产的零件,供应商必须完成每个独立加工过程/变化的至少3个零件的尺寸评价;各个型腔、铸模、生产线必须在PSW和尺

寸检验报告上标识;

-测量示意图(图纸)和控制计划上注明的所有尺寸、特性和规范应以适宜的格式与实测值一起列出;

-尺寸检查标识和报告应包括总成和零件;

-必须确定一件为标准样件。

Dimensional results are the measurements results taken off the five production parts from production tool, mold, or set-up. All dimensions (except reference dimensions),Characteristics, specifications as noted on the print and print notes should be measured and listed in a convenient format.

8.材料、性能试验结果Material, Performance Test Results

-试验项目按YF认可的试验大纲;

-注明被试验零件的设计记录更改等级、以及被试验零件的技术规范的编号、日期及更改等级;

-注明材料分承包方的名称,以及当顾客提出要求时,注明他们在顾客批准的分承包方名单上的材料供方代号码;

-报告上应注明采用的标准和图纸号;

-实测值与标准要求规范应对应列出;

-发生影响原始数据的工程更改时,这些数据必须更新,更新的记录应保留;

-当因工程更改而要求PPAP时,必须提交更改后所用材料的相应测试数据。

-应包括分零件,并附原始报告。

Material tests are test that specified on Motorola print or specifications as chemical, physical or metallurgical tests e.g. MEK, abrasion, adhesion, etc.Performance tests are test that specified on Motorola print or specifications as performance tests e.g. number of cycles, environmental testing, electrical testing, Plating thickness, Paint thickness, Gloss readings, etc

9.初始过程研究Initial Process Studies

-供应商必须提交至少100个数据产生的过程能力指数(CPK)值,这些数据来自于PPAP 过程;

-供应商必须提交所有图纸和控制计划上规定的特殊特性(如主要、关键、重要特性)的初始过程能力研究。提交的结果必须代表每个特定的生产过程,如多重装配线和/或操作单元,多个型腔、冲模、铸模、工装或模型的每一个;

-接受的标准为:

短期过程能力必须满足:CPK 1.67

-测算新设备的CMK值(连续取100个数据计算)。

For Box-X[X] and parameters, the supplier shall provide Cp/ Cpk statistics to ensure an acceptable process capability (Cp/Cpk of 2/1.5 or greater). A sample of 35 pieces is deemed appropriate for normally distributed data gathered via an acceptable measurement method (error rate 10% or less unless approved by CTE). For conditions that require review (Cp/Cpk below 1.5, supplier request, non-normal distribution, or measurement issues), the supplier must notify Motorola.Motorola must approve any deviation. (*)

10.测量系统分析Measurement System Analysis

-验证量具或测量系统的精确度;

-所有初始过程研究必须提交测量系统分析研究;

-适当时必须提交量具再现性和重复性、偏倚、线性、稳定性;

-请参照「测量系统分析手册」;

-接受准则:R&R<10 可接收,1030 拒收,并且必须要提出改进措施;

-属性研究由2个操作人员对20个零件各进行2次测量,研究的所有结果必须是“通过”

才符合接收准则;

-对于属性研究的被测零件应挑选临界状态的零件。

Measurement system analysis (MSA) is an experimental and mathematical method of determining how much the variation within the measurement process contributes to overall process variability. There are five parameters to investigate in an MSA: bias, linearity, stability, repeatability and reproducibility.

11.具有资格的实验室文件Qualified Laboratory Documentation

-验证供应商使用经认可的实验室测试机构来完成图纸和控制计划规定的材料、功能和性能试验的情况;

-必须提交所有的试验数据;

-必须包括图纸和控制计划规定的所有标准和规范;

-必须提交完成试验的实验室原始报告;

-不得使用过期的实验室证书或QS9000第3版认可证书;

-不能获得注册的实验室必须提交实验室范围和资格检定书。

实验室范围包括以下质量记录:

有资格从事的具体实验、评估和校准工作;

设备清单;

使用的方法及标准清单。

A Qualified laboratory is a test facility that may include chemical, metallurgical, dimensional, physical, electrical, reliability testing or test validation. Qualified Laboratory Documentation is a documentation or test results issued by a Motorola qualified laboratory 12.控制计划Control plan

-按控制计划标准表格填写;

-控制计划应考虑FMEA的结果,并与FMEA保持一致;

-控制计划必须确定所有特殊特性(如主要、关键、重要特性);

-控制计划是动态文件,当影响产品、制造过程、测量、物流、供应资源或FMEA的更改发生,必须重新评审、更新,并提交最新版本;

-必须列出制造过程的控制方法;

-控制计划任何更改必须获得客户书面批准;

-控制计划必须有供应商和客户签字认可/日期;

-检验频次必须以可计量的单位来定义(如:什么叫“一批”)。

Control plans are written descriptions of the system for controlling production parts or bulk materials and processes. They are written by suppliers to address the important characteristics and engineering requirements of the product. Each part must have a control plan, but in many cases, “family” control plans can apply to a number of parts produced using a common process.

13.零件提交保证书(PSW)Part Submission Warrant

-对于每一个YFV的零件编号都必须完成一份单独的PSW,除非YFV同意其它形式;-附加工程更改列出所有图样上没有写入,但已在该零件上体现的并已批准的工程更改(可以附件);

-随机抽取10个零件取其平均值作为零件的重量;

-对采用需通告或受限用材料,或不同于正常生产的加工操作等应在PSW中注明。

-供应商负责人必须批准该PSW.

Part Submission Warrant is a certificate of compliance required For all newly tooled or revised (up-rev) products in which supplier confirms that Inspections and tests on production parts show conformance to Motorola print requirements.

14.外观批准报告(AAR),如果适用Appearance Approval Report

此报告仅适用于有颜色、表面粒度或表面外观要求的项目

-应标明图样号,如果与零件号不同,应填写绘有该零件的图样号;

-应注明制造和装配零件的确切地点或代码;

-表面加工资料(信息)列出所有第一层表面加工工具、磨料来源、磨粒类型、纹理以及用来检查的光泽度标准样品;

-颜色下标填写字母或数字来识别相关颜色;

-材料类型标明第一层表面和基底,如:油漆/ABS;

-材料来源标明第一层表面抛光和基底的供应商;

-应具备色度计测量的三色数据(DL*, Da*, Db*, DE*, CMC);

Motorola defines Appearance Approval Report as limit samples. Limit samples are the parts that do not meet Motorola PCS cosmetic requirements, but are approved by the Motorola, PCS development Engineering and quality/CTE. In addition limit samples are set up for color or finishes ranges (In limit samples ranges are set per Golden/Master sample)

15.生产件样品Bulk Material Requirements Checklist

-提交3件全尺寸测量样件供外观和功能评价;

-如另有要求,应按要求的样品数提交,并注明零件号,型腔,版本,模具号等;样品代号与尺寸检验报告相对应;

-递交的零件应来自正常有效的生产。

Bulk material is a substance (e.g. non-dimensional solid, liquid, gas) Such as adhesives, sealants, chemicals, coating, fabrics, lubricants, etc. A bulk material may become production material if issued a Motorola part number. Bulk material checklist is defined as a list of qualification requirements

16.标准样品Sample production Parts

?应对标准样件进行标识;

?在样品上标出顾客批准的日期;

?保存时间与生产件批准记录保存的时间相同。

17.检查辅具Master Sample

-清单上的检具编号应与图纸、验证报告保持一致;

-应注明相应的零件号、总成号、车型等内容;

-涉及检具的工程更改应注明;

-对检具的设计和制造过程应进行检查,并提交R&R报告。

Sample production Parts are manufactured at the production site using the production tooling, gaging, process, materials, operators, environment, and process setting., feeds/speeds/cycle times/pressures/temperatures.

18.符合顾客特殊要求的记录Record of Compliance With customer specific Requirements

Motorola, PCS defines “Record of Compliance With customer specific Requirements” as PAFPrint Acceptance Form

A:工装样件(OTS)认可报告/装配试验报告

-工装样件的生产应与正式生产的所有资源一致;

-应提交YF产品工程师签字的OTS报告;

-质量工程师签字的装配试验单。

B:场地平面布置图

-应能清楚地反映出各生产车间和试验场所的方位和布置;

-提交最新版本。

C:包装说明-如有要求

-根据YF的包装协议制定的包装规范或包装指导书。

D:分供方清单和材料清单

-分供方清单应注明分供方的主要过程和产品;

-材料清单分级至零件的原材料供应商。

E:材料供应商质保书

-应提交分供方原材料质量保证书;

-试验项目按YF认可的试验大纲;

-在质保书上应注明参照的标准、特性参数、实测值。

F:试验大纲

-应提交YF产品工程师签字的试验大纲;

-应注明试验项目、参照试验标准;

-试验出处填写相应的图纸编号;

-应明确注明相应的标准值;

-注明相应标准中规定的试样要求。

19.疾病监控Checking Aids

Checking aids (fixtures, models, templates, mylars, etc.)Specific to the part being submitted, used in inspecting or testing.

20.超速运行Run at Rated Speed(In addition to these PPAP requirements, PCS has added

this new additional requirement)

Running the tool/process at the velocity/output it is expected to be run at during production.For

Example: If a tool or mold is rated to produce true

production parts at a rate of 300 parts/hr or XX hundred

parts/hr, supplier must run the true production tool/mold or

process to that speed for some period of time to ensure

process stability, then select random parts for qualification. 五,提交时机:referring time

1,在下列情况下,供应商必须在首批产品发运前提交PPAP批准,除非YFV项目采购工程师明确提出放弃了该要求。无论YFV是否要求正式提交,供应商必须在需要时对PPAP文件中所有适用的项目进行评审和更新,以反应生产过程的情况:

A.一种新的零件或产品;

B.对以前提交零件不符合的纠正;

C.由于设计记录、规范或材料方面的工程更改引起产品的改变

2,供应商必须将下列的任何设计和过程更改通知给YFV项目采购工程师。YFV项目采购工程师可能因此会决定要求提交PPAP批准:

A,和以前批准的零件或产品相比,使用了其它不同的加工方法或材料。

B.使用新的或改进的工装(不包括易损工装)、模具、铸模、模型等,包括附加的或替

换用的工装。

C.在对现有的工装或装备进行翻新或重新布置之后进行生产。

D.生产是在工装和设备转移到不同的工厂或在一个新增的厂址进行的。

E.分承包方对零件或服务(如:热处理、电镀、油漆)的更改,从而影响顾客的装配、

成型、功能、耐久性或性能的要求。

F.在工装停止批量生产达到或超过12个月以后重新启用而生产的产品。

G.涉及由内部制造的,或由分承包方制造的生产产品部件的产品和过程更改。这些部件

会影响到销售产品的装配性、成型、功能、性能和或耐久性。另外,在提交顾客之前,供方必须就分承包方提出的任何申请,先与分承包方达成一致。

H.由于新技术的采用导致试验检验方法的更改(不影响接受准则)。

六,PPAP提交等级:referring grade

等级1――只向顾客提交保证书(对指定的外观项目,还应提交一份外观批准报告);

等级2――向顾客提交保证书和产品样品及有限的支持数据;

等级3――向顾客提交保证书和产品样品及完整的支持数据;

等级4――提交保证书和顾客规定的其他要求;

等级5――在供方制造厂备有保证书、产品样品和完整的支持性数据以供评审。

如果YFV没有其它的规定,则供方必须使用等级3作为默认等级进行全部提交。七,PPAP提交状态:referring state

完全批准approved completeness――是指该零件或材料满足顾客所有的规范和要求。

临时批准approved temporarily――是在有限的时间或零件数量的前提下,允许运送生产需要的材料。只有当供方在下列情况下,可给予临时批准:

-已明确了影响批准的不合格品根本原因,且

-已准备了一份顾客同意的临时批准计划。若获得“完全批准”,需要再次提交。

一份临时批准文件所包括的材料,若没能按截止日期或规定的发运量满足已由顾客同意的措施计划,则会被拒收。如果没有同意延长临时批准,则不允许再发运。

拒收refuse incept――是指从批量产品中提交出的样品和配备文件不符合顾客的要求。

因此,在按批量发运之前,必须提交和批准已更改的产品和文件

八:PPAP记录的保存:note save

无论提交的等级如何,生产件批准记录的保存时间必须为该零件在用时间加1个日历年的时间

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