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英语必修一unit5知识点总结导读：本文英语必修一unit5知识点总结，仅供参考，如果觉得很不错，欢迎点评和分享。
1. A great person is a someone who devotes his/her life to helping others.伟人是把自己的生命奉献给帮助别人的人。
(He started to study ecology and decided to devote his whole life to the science.他开始研究生态学，并决心将他的一生献身于这门科学。
He devoted himself entirely to music.他将一生奉献给了音乐。
)2. fight against 对抗，反对，与……作斗争We are all brothers in the same fight against injustice.在共同反对非正义行为的斗争中, 我们都是同志.People often have to fight for their liberty.人们往往不得不为自由而战。
He and his wife are always fighting about who will take after the children. 他与他妻子总是在为由谁来照看孩子而吵架。
3. He worked selflessly in China as a doctor and saved many Chinese soldiers. 作为一个医生他无私地在中国工作，并且拯救了很多中国战士。
4. He strongly believed in the three principles: nationalism;people’s rights; people’s livelihood. 他主张三民主义：民主、民权、民生。
5. be free from 免于，不受A judge must be free from prejudice.法官必须不抱成见。
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小学五年级上册英语第3单元期测验题[含答案解释]英语试题一、综合题(本题有50小题，每小题2分，共100分.每小题不选、错误，均不给分)1.What is the plural form of "cat"?A. CatB. CatsC. DogD. Dogs2.Which one is a food item?A. AppleB. ShoeC. PencilD. Book3.How many days are there in a week?A. SixB. SevenC. TenD. Eightst night, I ______ (watch) a movie with my family. We ______ (eat) popcorn and ______ (laugh) a lot. The movie ______ (be) very funny. I ______ (enjoy) it so much that I ______ (decide) to watch it again next week.5.Which of these animals has wings?A. DogB. CatC. BirdD. Elephant6.My family and I _______ (go) to the beach last weekend. The weather _______ (be) sunny, so we _______ (decide) to swim in the sea. My little brother _______ (build) a sandcastle while my parents _______ (relax) under the umbrella. I _______ (bring) my favorite book and _______ (read) it while enjoying the breeze. It _______ (be) a wonderful day at the beach.st Saturday, my family __________ (1) to the beach. We __________ (2) a picnic near the water. I __________ (3) some sandwiches and fruit. My brother __________ (4) a soccer ball, and we __________ (5) a game on the sand. We __________ (6) a lot of fun and __________ (7) to go again next month.8.Choose the sentence that uses the correct article.A. I saw a elephant in the zoo.B. I saw an elephant in the zoo.C. I saw a apple in the zoo.D. I saw an apple in the zoo.9.What is the time now?A. It is 10 oclock.B. I am eating.C. I like pizzA.D. I am a teacher.10.What is the opposite of "fast"?A. SlowB. TallC. SmallD. Big11.Lily and her classmates are at the __________ learning about the solar system. Their teacher explains how the __________ are different from each other. Lily is amazed by the size of the __________, which is the largest planet in our solar system. She can’t wait to learn more about the stars and planets in the next lesson.12.Tom’s favorite hobby is __. He has a lot of __ that he uses to draw pictures. He also loves to paint, so he spends a lot of time in the __. Tom is very good at __, and his artwork looks amazing!13.How do you spell the number 3 in English?A. ThreeB. ThreC. ThrreeD. Tree14.Which of the following is something you can do if you want to stay healthy?A. Eat a lot of junk foodB. Exercise regularlyC. Stay up all nightD. Watch TV all day15.My mother ______ (make) a birthday cake for my sister. She ______ (use) chocolate, strawberries, and cream. I ______ (help) her decorate the cake with colorful candles. Yesterday, we ______ (cele brate) my sister’s birthday at home.16.My little brother is very __. He likes to play with his toys, especially __. He has a collection of __ that he lines up on the shelf. He also loves watching __ on TV. Sometimes, he asks me to play with him, but I prefer to read a __. We spend a lot of time together.17.What is the capital of the United States?A. LondonB. New YorkC. WashingtonD.C. D. Paris18.My dad ______ (work) at a hospital. He always ______ (help) people who are sick. Yesterday, he ______ (treat) a patient who ______ (have) a cold. After work, he ______ (come) home and we ______ (eat) dinner together.19.I __________ (go) to the library every Saturday. I __________ (borrow) books and __________ (read) them at home. Last Saturday, I __________ (find) a very interestingbook about animals. I __________ (decide) to borrow it and __________ (read) it all afternoon.20.What do we use to drink water?A. PlateB. SpoonC. CupD. Fork21.Which one is a shape?A. CircleB. CatC. DogD. Chair22.Which of these is a fruit?A. TomatoB. CarrotC. PotatoD. Lettuce23.Which one is a vehicle?A. BikeB. PlateC. SpoonD. Dog24.What is the opposite of "up"?A. LeftB. DownC. RightD. Forward25.Which of these is a kitchen item?A. PhoneB. RefrigeratorC. ShoeD. Computer26.Tom and his friends are going camping. They set up a __________ (tent) and builda __________ (campfire) to keep warm. Tom brings a __________ (sleeping bag) to sleep in, and his friend Jack brings a __________ (flashlight) to use at night. They roast __________ (marshmallows) over the campfire and tell __________ (stories).27.Jack and his family are going on a holiday to the mountains. They will stay in a__________ and do many outdoor activities. Jack wants to go __________ with his dad, while his mom and sister will go __________. They plan to bring __________ and enjoy the fresh mountain air.28.Which of these is an animal?A. DogB. CarC. TableD. Spoon29.Which of these is a shape?A. SquareB. ChairC. SpoonD. Table30.Which sentence uses the correct article for a singular countable noun that begins with a consonant sound?A. I bought a apple yesterday.B. I bought an apple yesterday.C. I bought a book yesterday.D. I bought an book yesterday.31.My best friend, Tom, ______ (be) very good at playing soccer. He ______ (play) soccer every Saturday afternoon. Last week, his team ______ (win) a match against another school. Tom ______ (be) very excited after the game. He ______ (tell) me that he ______ (want) to be a professional soccer player when he ______ (grow) up.32.Which one is a fruit?A. CarrotB. PotatoC. BananaD. Lettuce33.Which one is a bird?A. SparrowB. DogC. ElephantD. Cat34.Which of these is a sweet fruit?A. LemonB. StrawberryC. TomatoD. Cucumber35.Which one is a fruit?A. CarrotB. AppleC. PotatoD. Lettuce36.Which one is a vegetable?A. AppleB. CarrotC. WatermelonD. Pear37.Which of these is a holiday?A. SundayB. ChristmasC. JanuaryD. Morning38.Today, my teacher __________ (1) us a new song. We __________ (2) the song in class and __________ (3) it during the school assembly. Everyone __________ (4) very excited because the song __________ (5) fun and easy to sing. After school, I__________ (6) to practice the song at home.st weekend, Mary and her friends ______ (decide) to go hiking in the mountains. They ______ (wake) up early in the morning, and after having breakfast, they ______ (take) a bus to the mountain base. On their way up, they ______ (see) many beautiful flowers and birds. When they ______ (reach) the top, they ______ (feel) very proud of themselves. They ______ (take) lots of pictures before going back down.40.My father ______ (work) at a bank. He always ______ (get) up at 6:00 AM. This morning, he ______ (leave) for work earlier than usual because he ______ (have) an important meeting.41.Every morning, I _______ (wake) up at 7 o’clock. After I _______ (brush) my teeth and _______ (get) dressed, I _______ (eat) breakfast. My mom usually _______ (make)pancakes for me. After breakfast, I _______ (go) to school by bus. At school, we_______ (study) English and math. I always _______ (enjoy) school.42.What do you do with a book?A. Eat itB. Read itC. Write itD. Jump on it43.Which of these is a fruit?A. BananaB. CarrotC. LettuceD. Onion44.Which of these is a shape?A. RectangleB. SpoonC. ChairD. Plate45.What color is a typical stop sign?A. BlueB. YellowC. GreenD. Red46.Which animal is known for saying "meow"?A. DogB. CatC. CowD. Sheep47.What color is the sun?A. GreenB. BlueC. YellowD. Red48.In English, subject pronouns are used to replace a noun and represent the subject ofa sentence. These pronouns include “I,” “you,” “he,” “she,” “it,” “we,” and “they.” Proper usage of these pronouns is important to form grammatically correct sentences. Choose the sentence that uses a subject pronoun correctly.A. He are my friend.B. She am a teacher.C. They is playing football.D. He is my friend.49.Which animal can fly?A. catB. fishC. birdD. dog50.Which one is a fruit?A. DogB. AppleC. ChairD. Table(答案及解释)。
课时作业(五) Writing Workshop, Viewing Workshop &Reading Clubs 1～2基础知识夯实Ⅰ.单词拼写根据汉语和首字母提示写单词。
1．When you are talking with him, you must pay attention to his r________ (回答；反应) to such a gesture.2．The f________ (灵活性) of distance learning would be suited to busy managers in particular.3．They help the body d________ (保卫) itself against some sorts of infections.4．He made no r________ (响应) to my question，and went on with his slides.5．The c________ (自行车运动员) should all have to be made to use the cycle lanes and wear helmets.6．Our original plan was o________ (突然发生) by events and we had to make a new one.7．John, a cyclist，got a bronze m________ (奖牌) in the race which took place last week.8．Nuclear energy may o________ (超过) oil as the main fuel in the future.Ⅱ.单句语法填空在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．Not only you and I but Peter, the top student in our grade, ________ (be) not able to solve the problem.2．Wang Shu, a Chinese architect, won the 2012 Pritzker Architecture Prize, which ________ (refer) to as the Nobel Prize in architecture.3．A modern city has been set up in ________ was a wasteland ten years ago.4．Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings shed tears, none of ________ has been proved.5．There is no way of knowing why one man makes an important discovery ________ another man, also intelligent, fails.6．The product was developed in ________ (respond) to customer demand.7．He is quite skilled and ________ (experience) though he has been in the factory for only a short time.8．Her bigcity friends were ________ (amaze) at the turn of events.9．In the distant past, friends hunted together and defended each other ________ dangerous animals or enemies.10．My readi ng was limited ________ stories by Englishspeaking authors.Ⅲ.根据汉语提示完成句子1．Parents ought to actively urge their children to ________(利用) the opportunity to join sports teams.2．The post has since ____________ (引起……的注意) social media users all over the world.3．Locke ________ (创立) this principle in the 17th century.4．The law was passed ____________________ (对……做出反应) public pressure.5．What does the underlined word “flexibility” in Paragraph 2 __________________(指的是)?6．I have some difficulty ____________________ (习惯) the senior high school life here.7．On the one hand, you have studied very hard, but ____________________ (另一方面), you don't have a good digestion of what you learned.8．Many audience packed into the gym ____________________ (为他们加油).Ⅳ.一句多译1．所谓网虫，就是上网上瘾的人。
人教版小学4年级上册英语真题(答案及题解)(共50道题)下面有答案和解题分析一、综合题1.Ethan is visiting the museum with his class. They are looking at many old__________. One of the exhibits shows __________ from ancient times, and Ethan is amazed by how they lived. Ethan’s favorite ex hibit is about __________, and he enjoys learning about them. After the tour, the class goes to the museum café to have a__________.2.They _______ (play) table tennis every Sunday.3.What is the opposite of "hot"?A. WarmB. CoolC. ColdD. Dry4.Which of these animals can fly?A. FishB. BirdC. CatD. Lion5.She ________ (do/does) her homework in the evening.6.They _______ (are / is / am) from China.7.I _______ (be) very hungry.8.Tomorrow, I __________ (go) to the zoo with my family. We __________ (see) many animals, such as lions, tigers, and elephants. I __________ (take) lots of pictures, and my brother __________ (feed) the monkeys. After the visit, we __________ (have) lunch at the zoo restaurant.9.I _______ (not/speak) Japanese.10.He _______ (play/plays) the guitar very well.11.We _______ (not/understand) the lesson.12.She _______ (reads / read / reading) a book now.13.She _______ (go / goes / went) to the library every weekend.14.She _______ (run) fast in the race.15.Which of these is an animal that lives in the ocean?A. ElephantB. WhaleC. LionD. Cow16.I _______ (not/see) the movie yet.17.Tom loves playing sports. His favorite sport is __________. He practices it every __________ after school. Tom is part of a __________ team, and they are training for an important __________. Tom is very __________ because he wants to win the game and make his team proud.18.We _______ (play/plays) tennis on Saturdays.19.What is the opposite of "up"?A. DownB. LeftC. RightD. Out20.I have a dog named Max. Max is very playful and loves to run in the yard. Every morning, I take him for a walk in the park. He enjoys sniffing the flowers and playing with other dogs. Sometimes, he likes to chase after a __. He runs very fast, and I can hardly keep up with him. After the walk, we go home, and I give him some food. He always looks at me with his big eyes, waiting for a treat.21.My parents _______ (travel) to Paris this summer.22.Which of the following is a vegetable?A. TomatoB. CucumberC. BananaD. Pear23.I ________ (not, watch) TV in the morning.24.I _______ (read) a book right now.25.We _______ (go) to the beach every summer.26.I __________ (have) a big test next week. I __________ (study) hard every day so that I __________ (be) ready.27.I _______ (love) to read books in my free time.28.He _______ (not) drink coffee in the morning.29.She _______ (play/plays) the piano very well.30.I __________ (wake) up early today because I __________ (have) a test. I__________ (study) hard last night, so I __________ (feel) ready. When I __________ (arrive) at school, I __________ (see) my friend Amy. She __________ (look) nervous because she __________ (not study) as much as I __________.31.I __________ (be) at the library when I __________ (see) my friend Lisa. She__________ (study) for a test, and I __________ (decide) to join her. We __________ (study) together for an hour, and then we __________ (leave) the library.32.What do you use to write?A. KnifeB. PenC. PlateD. Cup33.We _______ (eat/eats) breakfast at 7:00 a.m.34.My family __________ (1) a pet dog. His name __________ (2) Max, and he__________ (3) very playful. Every afternoon, he __________ (4) to the park with me. We __________ (5) a lot of fun running and playing fetch. Max __________ (6) to meet other dogs at the park, and he __________ (7) happy when he makes new friends.35.Which of these is a body part?A. EarB. SpoonC. TableD. Chair36.We _______ play soccer every Saturday.37.How do you say "你好" in English?A. GoodbyeB. Thank youC. HelloD. Sorry38.She _______ (not/understand) the question.39.They _______ (not/understand) the lesson because they _______ (not/listen) carefully to the teacher.40.He _______ (study) math every Monday.41.What is the opposite of "good"?A. HappyB. TallC. BadD. Light42.Which of these is a time of day?A. MondayB. MorningC. WinterD. January43.I _______ (watch) TV in the evening.44.What do we use to write?A. ForkB. PenC. SpoonD. Plate45.Which animal is known for having a long neck?A. GiraffeB. LionC. ElephantD. Dog46.Which of these is a wild animal?A. DogB. ElephantC. CatD. Rabbit47.I __________ (like) to play video games in my free time. My favorite game__________ (be) about adventures and solving puzzles. I __________ (play) with my friends online. Sometimes, we __________ (compete) against each other to see who__________ (finish) the game first.48.Which of these is a type of tree?A. RoseB. PineC. TulipD. Sunflower49.I enjoy playing ______ in my free time. It helps me relax and have fun. I play with my ______, and we usually play games like tag or hide and seek. After playing, we sit down and eat some ______, like fruit or cake.50.Which of these is used for drinking?A. PenB. CupC. PaperD. Table(答案及解释)。
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小学五年级下册英语第5单元期末试卷[含答案解释]英语试题一、综合题(本题有50小题，每小题2分，共100分.每小题不选、错误，均不给分)1.Which one is used for measuring time?A. WatchB. PlateC. SpoonD. Chair2.Which of these is used to cut things?A. PlateB. SpoonC. KnifeD. Fork3.Which one is used to drink?A. CupB. PlateC. SpoonD. Fork4.What is the color of a banana?A. blueB. redC. yellowD. green5.On a rainy day, it’s nice to stay inside and read a __________. Tim likes reading books about __________ and magic. He also enjoys drawing pictures of __________. Sometimes, he plays games on his __________ when he can’t go outside. His favorite game is __________, and he plays it every weekend.6.Which of these is not an animal?A. DogB. CatC. BirdD. Chair7.We _______ in the classroom now.8.My family and I _______ (go) to the park every weekend. We _______ (play) games, and sometimes we _______ (have) a picnic. It _______ (be) a lot of fun!9.They _______ my friends.10.Which one is a color?A. RedB. PlateC. SpoonD. Chair11.Sophie is learning how to play the __________ (1). She practices every afternoon for an hour. Today, Sophie is playing a new song for her __________ (2). She is very excited because she can play most of the song without looking at the __________ (3). After practicing, Sophie feels __________ (4) because she is getting better and better at playing the piano.12.What is the opposite of "day"?A. LightB. NightC. SunD. Morning13.My friends __________ (go) to the park after school every day. Yesterday, we__________ (decide) to go to the museum instead. We __________ (learn) a lot of interesting things there and __________ (take) some photos.14.I _______ (am / is / are) a student.15.Which of these is a fruit?A. CarrotB. BananaC. LettuceD. Potato16.My brother __________ (1) a very good swimmer. Every Saturday, he __________ (2) swimming practice at the local pool. He __________ (3) to swim 20 laps in one hour. After practice, he __________ (4) a snack and __________ (5) to the gym with our father. He __________ (6) to become a professional swimmer one day.17.Which of these is used for cooking?A. StoveB. ChairC. BedD. Book18.We ________ (study) for the test this afternoon.19.What do we use to eat?A. ForkB. KnifeC. SpoonD. Plate20.What is the opposite of "fast"?A. SlowB. BigC. TallD. Lightst night, we ______ (watch) a movie at home. My parents ______ (make) popcorn, and my brother and I ______ (sit) on the couch. We ______ (enjoy) the movie a lot, and after it ______ (finish), we ______ (talk) about the story.22.Which of these animals can fly?A. FishB. DogC. BirdD. Elephant23.The dog is ______ the table.A. underB. onC. inD. behind24.Which of these is a fruit?A. CarrotB. OrangeC. CucumberD. Onion25.I have a favorite subject at __. It is __ because I love learning about numbers and doing math problems. My teacher is very __ and explains things in a way that is easy to understand. After math class, I usually have __. I think it’s a fun class, and I always feel __ after finishing the exercises.26.Which one is a number?A. FourB. SpoonC. PlateD. Knife27.My brother _______ to the park on weekends.28.I ________ (meet) my friends at the mall last weekend.29.I ______ (enjoy) playing soccer with my friends. Last week, we ______ (have) a soccer match against another school. We ______ (win) the game, and I ______ (score) a goal. It ______ (be) an exciting match, and we ______ (celebrate) afterward. I ______ (look) forward to the next match.30.We are studying __ in science class. Our teacher explained that __ are very important for the environment because they provide oxygen. We also learned how __ help plants grow by spreading pollen. It’s a very interesting topic!31.My sister ________ (like) ice cream very much.32.I ______ (like) to read books in my free time. I ______ (have) a bookshelf in my room, and it ______ (be) full of books. I ______ (read) stories about adventure and animals. My favorite book ______ (be) "The Lion King." I ______ (read) it many times.33.Today is a special day because we are going to have a __ at school. There will be many fun activities like dancing, singing, and playing games. I am going to wear my __ to make the day even more special. After the party, we will have a big __ with cake and __. I am very excited!34.My parents __________ (work) in the city, so they __________ (take) the bus every day. I __________ (go) to school by bike. Sometimes, we __________ (meet) at the park in the evening to walk home together.35.How many months are there in a year?A. 12B. 10C. 6D. 836.You are playing a game with your friends and you need to take turns. It’s your turn to throw a ball into a basket, but you are feeling nervous and unsure if you can make the shot. What is the best way to feel confident and perform well while taking your turn?A. Take a deep breath and focus on your targetB. Ask your friends to do it for youC. Avoid looking at the basketD. Throw the ball as fast as possible37.Which of these is used to wash hands?A. TowelB. SoapC. CupD. Knife38.We ________ (meet) our friends at the park tomorrow.39.Which of these is used to clean your teeth?A. ToothbrushB. SpoonC. KnifeD. Plate40.Which of these is used to clean the floor?A. BroomB. SpoonC. PlateD. Knife41.Yesterday, I _______ (have) a birthday party. My friends _______ (come) to my house, and we _______ (play) games all afternoon. My mom _______ (make) a big chocolate cake, and we _______ (eat) it together. I _______ (receive) a lot of presents, and I _______ (feel) very happy.42.We ______ (not/go) to the park last weekend because it ______ (rain). Instead, we ______ (stay) at home and ______ (watch) a movie.43.My teacher __________ (explain) the lesson very clearly. She __________ (ask) us to practice the exercises at home. I __________ (do) my homework right after school and __________ (understand) everything.44.Which one is a type of tree?A. RoseB. TulipC. OakD. Lily45.Every day, I _______ (walk) to school. I _______ (leave) home at 7:30 and_______ (arrive) at school by 8:00. In the afternoon, I _______ (do) my homework and _______ (read) for 30 minutes. At night, I _______ (watch) TV before bed. It _______ (be) a regular day.46.We _______ (be) on vacation next month.47.Which of these is a popular fruit?A. BananaB. CarrotC. PotatoD. Onion48.Which of these is a farm animal?A. LionB. HorseC. TigerD. Elephant49.He _______ a book in the library right now.50.Which of these is a transportation vehicle?A. ChairB. CarC. TableD. Pillow (答案及解释)。
I. Morphology: Fill in each blank with a proper derivative of the word in the brackets.1.Too little exercise is a __________ factor in heart disease. (contribute)2.It is intended that these guidelines should be applied flexibly and __________.(pragmatic)3.There is a note of __________ in the book. (dogma)4.She was an imaginative and __________ manager. (innovate)lions of years ago, changes in the Earth’s climate caused animal and plant lifeto __________. (diverse)6.She completely __________ the conversation at lunch. (monopoly)7.The government is __________ opposed to spending more on the arts. (ideology)8.It’s a story about the lives and __________ of poor Irish immigrants. (aspire)9.It was a __________ that no one was killed in the accident. (bless)10.Our products compare__________ with all the leading brands. (favor)11.I see my role as that of a __________, enabling other people to work in the waythat suits them best. (facilitate)12.Small__________ are hoping that the markets will improve. (invest)13.She was troubled by the __________ interests of a career and a family. (conflict)14.This bread is completely free from artificial__________. (preserve)15.Local people have mixed feelings about the planned __________ of their towninto a regional capital. (transform）16.He was granted __________ from prosecution because he confessed the names ofthe other spies. (immune)17.That pie looks very __________. (tempt)18.The company’s environmental claims have been greeted/regarded/treated with__________ by conservationists. (skeptic)19.I spent most of my money in the first week and __________ had very little to eatby the end of the holiday. (consequence)20.His teachers regard her as a __________, trouble-making boy. (rebel)21.__________ on better working conditions by the union has resulted in feweremployee absences. (insist)22.The company is ruthless in its __________ of profit. (pursue)23.He’s always __________ on what’s wrong with the world. (expound)24.Surely a diplomatic solution is __________ to war. (prefer)25.The English word “olive” __________ from the Latin word “oliva”. (derive)26.This is all __________ -- we must wait until we have some hard evidence.(presuppose)27.He’s __________ cheerful, despite his difficulties. (infallible)28.The thought of eating meat fills me with__________. (repugnant)29.Inmates claimed that some prisoners had received __________ treatment.(preference)30.He claimed the police had used __________, threats and promises to illegallyobtain the statement. (coerce)31.I felt a sense of __________ when my friends refused to support me. (betray)32.I’m afraid I __________ about how much it would cost. (mistake)33.He’s always wanted to find his natural mother but recently it’s become an__________. (obsess)34.She emerged__________ from the court after all the charges against her weredropped because of a lack of evidence. (triump)35.She was __________ in bringing about the prison reform act. (instrument)36.It seems the expedition is __________ to fail because there have been so manyproblems. (predestine)37.Any __________ from the party’s faith is seen as betrayal. (deviate)38.I harboured the __________ hope that he would return my love. (delusion)39.She suffered from a long list of __________. (infirmity)40.Most of the characters in the novel exhibit those common human__________ --ignorance and greed. (frailty)II. Collocation: Fill in each blank with a proper preposition or adverb.1.When do the new driving laws come _____ effect?2.Are you satisfied _____ the new arrangement?3.Try to go into the meeting without too many preconceptions _____ what the othergroup want.4.He came _____ some of his old love letters in his wife’s drawer.5.You’re confusing me _____ my sister -- she’s the one studying drama.6.The unions are ____ opposition to the government over the issue of privatization.7.I’d run out of cigarettes and was reduced __ smoking the butts left in the ashtrays.8.He does not have a monopoly _____ good looks.9.He works in a sports centre instructing people ___ the use of the gym equipment.10.There’s a clear distinction _____ the dialects spoken in the two regions.11.The doctors have attributed the cause of the illness _____ an unknown virus.12.He earns $80 000 a year, as _____ my $40 000.13.The vaccination gives you immunity _____ the disease for up to six months.14.Any change in plan would be construed _____ indecision.15.He seems to be devoid _____ compassion.16.It’s better to give expression _____ your anger, rather than hiding it.17.Members must conform _____ a strict dress code.18.He’s disorganized, inefficient, never there when you want him -- _____ short, theman’s hopeless.19.Try the product out in the comfort of your own home with absolutely nocommitment _____ buy!20.He’s contending _____ someone with twice his experience.21.He confided _____ her that his hair was not his own.22.I wouldn’t stand _____ that sort of behaviour from him, if I were you.23.I just think he ought to get a grip _____ himself -- he’s behaving like a child.24.The twins look alike, but they differ _____ temperament.25.You must try to banish all thoughts of revenge _____ your mind.26.I have a craving _____ chocolate.27.We only need one more player for this game -- can you persuade your sister tojoin _____?28.The organization works ____ the principle that all members have the same rights.29.Two companies have laid claim _____ the design.30.His skill lies _____ his ability to communicate quite complex ideas very simply. III. Synonym discrimination: Discriminate the differences in meaning between the synonyms and fill in each blank with the best choice.1. Dante’s work initiated a new ________ in literature. (period epoch era age)2. Those who ________ to be exceptional musicians are often faced with fierce competition -- competition that makes many reconsider a future in the music business. (aim aspire)3. She tried to ________ some instance of goodness, some distinguished trait of integrity or benevolence, that might rescue him from the attacks of Mr. Darcy. (remember recollect recall remind reminisce bethink)4. From a scientific point of view, we can make no________ between the man who eats little and sees heaven and the man who drinks much and sees snakes. (dissimilarity unlikeness difference distinction)5. Her primary ________ in suing the newspaper for libel was to clear her name. (intention purpose aim end objective goal)6. I think it’s a ________ to waste food, when so many people in the world are hungry. (offense sin vice crime)。
Unit Five The One Against the Many1. Notes on Guide to Reading1) …the only superpower with its interests projected to nearly every corner of the world. （1.5-6）project ＝cast ？project next year's expenses and income ? projector译：世界上唯一的超级大国，? 2）…confuse his own tidy models with the vast,turbulent, unpredictable, and untidy reality which is the stuff of human existence. （3.3-4）tidy model: ？的模式untidy reality: ？the stuff of human existence: 人的存在的？confuse…with…把…和…混淆起来把其僵化的模式和现实混同起来，而现实却是无所不包、动荡不已、变幻莫测的，因为它是人的存在的产物。
或：把其僵化的模式和包容极广、动荡不已、变幻莫测的现实--人的存在的产物--混同起来。
3）seeking truth from reality （3.5）？4）cast away (3.6) throw away2．T ext AnalysisFrom paragraph 1 to paragraph 13A．必备语汇（preparatory words and expressions）见词汇测试表B. 段落大意Para 1: 引出主题：recall the development of AmericaPara 2: 指出美国的发展有几大根本因素。
Para 3: 指出其中一个因素是教育。
现代大学英语第六册paraphrase答案（整理版1,4,5,6,9,10,11）Lesson 1 How to get the poor off our conscience1.Virtue is ... self-centered.By right action, we mean it must help promote personal interest.2....(poverty) was a product of their excessive fecundity...The poverty of the poor was caused by their having too many children.3....the rich were not responsible for either its creation or its amelioration.The rich were not to blame for the existence of poverty so they should not be asked to undertake the task of solving the problem.4.It is merely the working out of a law of nature and a law of God.It is only the result or effect of the law of the survival of the fittest applied to nature of to human society.5. It declined in popularity, and references to its acquired a condemnatory tone.People began to reject Social Darwinism because it seemed to glorify brutal force and oppose treasured values of sympathy, love and friendship. Therefore, when it was mentioned, it was usually the target of criticism.6....the search for a way of getting the poor off our conscience was not at an end; it wasonly suspended.The desire to find a way to justify the unconcern for the poor had not been abandoned, it had only been put off.7. ...only rarely given to overpaying for monkey wrenches, flashlights, coffee makers, andtoilet seats.Government officials, on the whole, are good, it is very rare that some would pay high prices for office equipment to get kickbacks.8.This is perhaps our most highly influential piece of fiction.It is a very popular story and has been accepted by many but it is not true.9.Belief can be the servant of truth---but even more of convenience.Belief can be useful in the search for truth, but more often than not it is accepted because it is convenient and self-serving.10.George Gilder... Who tells too…the cruel spur of their own suffering to ensure effort...George Gilder advances the view that only when the poor suffer from great misery will they be stimulated to make great efforts to change the situation, in other words, suffering is necessary to force the poor to work hard.Lesson4 nettles1.How all my own territory would be altered, ad if a landslide had gone through it andskimmed off all meaning except loss of Mike.The impact of Mike's leaving on my life was beyond my imagination. I didn't expect that Mike's leaving would have such a tremendous power that it would change the meaning of my existence completely. All my thoughts were about loss of Mike.2.During that time of life that is supposed to be a reproductive daze, with the woman'smind all swamped by maternal juices, we were still compelledto discuss Simone de Beauvoir and Arthur Koestler and "The Cocktail Party".At that time, we were young mothers, and we were supposed to lead a terribly busy life full of confusion and bewilderment caused by giving birth to and raising babies. And our minds were supposed to be fully occupied by how to feed the babies and things like that. However, in the midst of all this we still felt the need to discuss some of the important thinkers of our time like Simone de Beauvoir and Arthur Koestler and T.S.Eliot's sophisticated work "The Cocktail Party".3....I would be frightened, not of any hostility but of a kind of nonexistence.I would be frightened, and my fear was not caused by my neighbor's visibly hostile and violentway of life, but by a kind of formless and hidden emptiness and meaninglessness of human existence. What happened around me was totally irrelevant to me, and I felt very isolated and alienated.4.She did not ask me---was it delicacy or disapproval?---about my new life.She did not ask me about my new life, either out of subtle consideration for my feeling about this sensitive subject or out of disapproval for my new life style.5.I t would be a sleazy thing to do, in the house of his friends.It would be a morally low thing, an indecent thing to commit infidelity in the house of a friend.6.I knew now that he was a person who had hit rock bottom.I knew that he was a person who had experienced the worst in life, the hardest experience aperson might have to endure.7.He and wife knew that together and it bound them, as something like that would eitherbreak you apart or bind you, for life.They experienced the worst together and they knew what it was like and understood the meaning of that experience. Such an experience posed the gravest test to people. If they stood the test, their friendship or marriage would be strengthened, and a sacred bondage would be formed between them. but if they failed the test, their relationship would be broken and they would flow on gently and8.Not risking a thing yet staying alive as a sweet trickle, an underground resource. Withthe weight of this now stillness on it, this seal.If they acted on love, they would take risks. They wouldn't do that or go further in their relationship, but they would rather let their love remain as a sweet trickle, which would flow on gently and...Lesson 5 The One Against the Many1. ....the national rejection of dogmatic preconceptions about the nature of the social andeconomic orderThere are such prejudices in an arrogant manner about the characteristic of the social order and economic order and they take it for granted. The country just rejected such prejudice.2. Nor can one suggest that Americans have been consistently vulnerability to secular ideology ever after No one can say that Americans have never been tempted by the approach of understanding, preserving or transforming the world according to rigid dogmas.3.and any intellect so shaped was ...ever afterA mind influenced by Calvinist theology would surely find it somewhat difficult to resist otherideological temptations to ideological thinking.4. Pragmatism is no more wholly devoid...experiencePragmatism is not completely free from abstract ideas just as ideology is not completely free from experience, that is to say, abstract ideas have a place in pragmatism just as experience hasa role in ideology.5. As an ideologist, however, Jefferson....historical curiosityAs a man following a fixed set of beliefs, Jefferson is only an interesting historical figure. His beliefs are out of date and are irrelevant to present-day reality.6....whose central dogma is confided to the custody of an infallible priesthoodTheir central beliefs are imprisoned by the whole body of priests who are always effective. 1....where free men may find partial truths, but where ...on Absolute TruthIn this universe a person whose mind is unconstrained may be able to discover relation truths but no man on earth can claim that he has already grasped the one and only truth.2.But ideology is a drug; no matter how ...it still persists.Ideology has the characteristic of a narcotic. In spite of the fact that it has been proved wrong many times by experience, people still long to commit themselves to ideology.3....the only certainty in an.....abuseThe only thing that is sure of a despotic system is the unrestricted exercise of power.10. The distinctive human triumph...lies in the capacity to understand the frailty of humanstriving ...nonethelessThe most outstanding achievement of humanity is they know that no matter how hard they try, they cannot achieve Absolute truth, yet they continue to make great efforts and refuse to give up.Lesson6 Death of a pig1. It is a tragedy enacted on most farms with ...The murder, being premeditated, is in thefirst degree...and the smoked bacon and ham provide...questionedThe tragedy has an ending---the killing of a pig and the serving of its meat. The killing deliberately planned and carried out efficiently, is the most type of murder. However, whether pigs should end their lives that way has never been questioned.2. A pig couldn't ask for anything better or none has, at any rateA pig could not ask for any better living conditions; at least no pig has ever complained. In aword, my pig lived in a pleasant environment3.You could see him down there at all hours, his white face parting ...his stethoscopedangling ...and grinning his corrosive grinFred was quite excited about the event. He was down at the pigpen all the time. Because of his swollen joints, he moved about unsteadily. His face set apart the grass along the fence as he moved about. He was like a doctor, with his long, drooping ears dangling like a stethoscope, and he scrabbled on the ground as if he were prescribing some medicine.4.When the enema bag appeared, and the bucket of warm suds, his happiness...full chargeof the irrigationWhen it was time to dose the pig, Fred became even more excited, and he managed to get through the fence, and acted as if he was taking charge of the medical treatment.5....and the premature expiration of a pig is...a sorrow in which it feels fully involvedIf a pig dies before he is supposed to, it is a serious matter for the whole community to remember. The whole community would share the sadness for his death.6.I have written this account in penitence and in grief, as a man who...and to explainmy...so many raised pigsThe purpose of this essay is to show that I am sorry for what has happened to my pig,since I have failed to raise the pig and cannot provide a reason why my pig could didn't grow the way other pigs have grown.7.The grave in the woods is unmarked, but ...and I know he and I...on flagless …ownchoosingThe pig's grave in the woods doesn't have a tombstone, but whenever somebody wants to visit it, Fred will show him the way.I know we will often visit it, separate or together, when we need to ponder over problems or when we are depressed.Lesson 9 The Bluest Eye1.Perhaps because they don’t have hometowns……and it never leaves them.This is perhaps because they only have places of birth, but no places where there feel at home and which they identify themselves with. But these girls are strongly influenced by their hometowns, and the influence stays with them forever even they leave their hometowns.2.Wherever it erupts, this Funk, they wipe it away…they find it and fight it until it dies.The brown girls try hard to repress their emotions and passions. However, these natural human emotions cannot be wiped out totally. Sometimes they will emerge and burst out. And they will develop, become stronger and stay with them. So whenever and wherever this Funk bursts out, the brown girls will do their best to stifle it.3.As long as his needs were physical, she could meet them—comfort and satiety.If these needs were physical, she could meet them. She could make him comfortable and give him enough or even more than enough to satisfy his physical needs.4.She had seen this little girl all of her life.Geraldine had seen black girls like Pecola at many places and many times in the past.5.Eyes that questioned nothing and asked everything.On the one hand, they (girls like Pecola) were ignorant and uncomprehending. They did not ask the question that why their lives were so miserable. On the other hand, as they were poverty-stricken and practically had nothing, their eyes revealed their desire for anything that could make their lives easier.6.The end of the world lay in their eyes, and the beginning, and all the waste in between.In the eyes of these girls one can see that they were in despair, without any hope for the future, and that their life was nothing but a waste.7.Th e girls grew up knowing nothing of girdles……the bills of their caps backward.As the girls were growing into young women, they had neverworn girdles to make their figure look slimmer, and thus more elegant; and when the boys grew up, they just began to wear their caps with the bills turned backward to indicate that they had become adults.Lesson 10 Notes on the English Character1.Saint George may caper on banners and……who delivers the goods.As Saint George is a hero, the person of arms, symbolizing chivalry, his image often appears on banners, and his name is often mentioned in the speeches of politicians. Saint George is used as a symbolic figure for political purposes. But John Bull is a tradesman and he delivers the goods we need in our daily life while making money at the same time.2.With its boarding-houses, its compulsory games……all proportion to itsnumbers.The English public schools have unique features. First, all boys live in boarding houses. Second, sports and games are organized and compulsory as part of the school curricular. Third, older students have special duties to help control younger students while the latter must do jobs for the former. Lastly, great emphasis is placed on good form and team spirit. These features enable the public school students to have disproportionately great influence.3.Note the word “bankrupt”……anxious to meet any liabilities.Pay attention to my use of the word “bankrupt”, a word related to business. This reveals my identity as a member of the commercial nation, who would be careful and sensible enough to avoid any risks of failing to pay their debts.4.But my friend spoke as an Oriental……but of kingly munificence andsplendor.But my friend expressed his views as a member of the Oriental countries. They are nourished by a tradition of great generosity and richness, which is different from the English tradition of middle-class prudence.5.True love in this differs from gold and clay……not to take away.In this aspect, true love is different from material things such as clay or even gold which can be divided and taken away. Yet, if we share true love, it will never diminish.6.I will now descend from that dizzy……my business of notetaking.In the above anecdote, I have become an example of the English man for the moment. That put men in a high position which makes me dizzy and its unfamiliar to me. I will now come down from that height and return to my role as your commentator on the characteristics of the English man.7.Such a combination is fruitful, and anyone who possesses it had gone a longway toward being brave.The Englishman’s nervous system acts promptly and feels slowly. The combination of the two qualities is useful, and anyone who has this combination is most likely to be brave.8.Since literature rests on national character……hidden spirits…we see.As literature is based on national character, there must be in the English nature hidden resources of passion that have produced the great romantic literature we see.9.“Oh, I’m used to Bernard Shaw; monkey tricks don’t hurt me.That kind of criticism is just like Bernard Shaw’s attacks. It is nothing new and I’m used to these tricks and jokes; they won’t do any harm to me.10.And the “tolerant humorous attitude”...bounded by the titter and the guffaw.The Englishmen think they have a tolerant and humorous attitude toward criticism.In fact it is not so, because their attitude is limited by uncomfortable laughter, which indicates that beneath the surface of their tolerant humorous attitude, they are uneasy. When they try to be humorous and brush aside criticism, they would titter and guffaw. Such uncomfortable laughter is a sign of uneasiness.11.The cats are all out of their bags, and diplomacy cannot recall them.I have already made all my opinions known to you. What is said is said, and beingdiplomatic cannot unsay what has been said.Lesson 11 Beauty1.The festival of marriage has……can see their glory.In wedding ceremony, time seems to go slowly so everybody, even a fool, could observe things clearly and see how wonderful they are.2.So I can make up my darling……in her girlhood.My daughter may feel she has missed something when she was young. If so, I wish I could make compensation to her now, before she is married.3.The glow of happiness has to cool……crystalli ze into memory.With the passing of time, you will feel a bit more detached from the happy event and then you can recall things more clearly and they will stick in your mind.4. A wedding gown will eventually grow ……seep out of the brightest day.The clothes made for the occasion of wedding, though kept in a box specially treated to repel moths, will have a moldy smell as time goes on; flowers will gradually lose their color and die and even the brightest day will grow dim.5.I feel certain that genuine bea uty……alone but out in the world.I firmly believe that true beauty is not shallow and it exists not because we think itexists but because it actually exists outside of us.6.Yet I persist in believing there is……this tingle than an evolutionary reflex.An evolutionary response cannot adequately explain why there is this physical feeling of excitement. There must be another more important reason—beauty.7.You cannot pursue the law of nature……without pumping into the beauty.If you try to study the law of nature, very soon you will encounter beauty. The study of the law of nature will inevitably lead to the discovery of beauty.8.Because the Creation puts……beauty is free and inexhaustible.Since the birth of the universe, everything in it has revealed its own wonder continuously. Unlike ordinary commodities which cost money and whose supply is limited, beauty is free and inexhaustible.9.Beauty feeds us from the same source that created us.When God created us, He also created beauty.10. I find in that infinity a profound source of meaning and hope.This close relationship makes us see life is meaningful and worth living. Human beings are exactly and wonderfully made for life on Earth. We are powerful. We can appreciate beauty. We have a bright future.。
SectionⅡLesson2TheObjectivesofEducation&Lesson3Understanding一、用方框中所给短语的正确形式填空1.It is strange that I never obtain something fancy in my life.2. ,we need a large sum of money to activate the project.3.The suggestion he at the last conference is now under discussion.4.Never try to nature as it will eventually fight back.5.His hard work has his final success.6.At the beginning,we and then we tried to prove it.二、完成句子1.Those skills are highly beneficial when(从事某些职业).2.The purpose of the workshop is to help(建立核心价值观) for the company.3.It is still difficulty for some girls in rural areas to(接受教育).4. (形成好的习惯),to some euch more important than good grades.5.For every one of us,it is important to maintain(身体和精神健康).6.He (把他的财富归功于) hard work and good luck.三、阅读理解While a new school term is about to begin,perhaps we should reconsider the matter of examinations.In July,two writers (Letters to the Editor) praised the cancellation of exams because they believe “tests don’t tell the whole story”.As a teacher who has worked for many years,I have had the experience that a student who earns good marks is generally a good student,and th at a student’s final mark in a subject is usually a grade average of the year’s work.Of course there are exceptions,but they do not have the frequency that would give an unfair picture of a student’s ability.The simple fact is that proper class work,hard-working earks are almost certain indicators of a student’s future performance.The opposite,almost certainly,unfitness.There is no acceptable substitute for competition and examination of quality.How can teachers and future officials determine what a student has learnt and remembered?Should we simply take the students’ word for it?Any organisation that sets students free from fair and formal eisguided.And surely the “graduates” of such organisations will lack trustworthiness,not to mention being refused by foreign universities for graduate or other studies.When all is said and done,I sense that a fear of failure and a fear of unpleasant comparison with others is the basic reason for most ban-exams talk.Excellence and quality fear nothing.On the contrary,they seek competition and desire the satisfaction of being the best.1.What’s the purpose of the two writers mentioned in the first paragraph?A.To fight against judging students by the results of ee up with other ways of testing students.C.To determine exams as a way of punishing students.D.To earks of their students.2.What would happen if a student graduated from an organisation without exams?A.He would have a chance to continue his studies.B.He would have a feeling of failure.C.He would be more competitive.D.He wouldn’t be admitted by foreign universities.3.What are those who dislike the idea of epeting with other students.B.Being graded unfairly.C.Working too hard.D.Being punished by school.4.What does the underlined word “substitute” in paragrap h 3 mean?A.Strength.B.Association.C.Replacement.D.Correction.四、七选五阅读理解Copernicus,founder of modern astronomy,was born in 1473 to a well-to-do merchant family in Torun,Poland.He was sent off to attend university in Italy,studying mathematics and optics,and canon law.Returning from his studies abroad,Copernicus was appointed to an administrative position in the cathedral of Frauenburg.There he spent a sheltered and academic life for the rest of his days.1 He made his observations from a tower situated on the protective wall around the cathedral.His observations were made with the “bare eyeball”,so to speak,as a hundred years were to pass before the invention of the telescope.In 1530,Copernicus completed his famous work DeRevolutionibus,which later played a major role in changing the philosophical view of humankind’s place in the universe. 2Copernicus died in 1543 and was never to know what a stir his work would cause.In his book,he asserted that the Earth rotated on its axis once daily and travelled around the Sun once yearly. 3 People then regarded the Earth as stationary,situated at the centre of the universe,with the Sun and all the planets revolving around it.Copernicus’ theory could overturn the core values of the Catholic world. 4 Other ministers quickly followed suit,saying of Copernicus,“This fool wants to turn the whole art of astronomy upside down.”Ironically,Copernicus had dedicated his work to Pope Paul Ⅲ.5 The Church ultimately banned DeRevolutionibus,and the bookremained on the list of forbidden reading material for nearly three centuries thereafter.A.Copernicus died on May 24,1543 in what is now Frombork,Poland.B.The book,however,wasn’t published until two months before his death.C.If this act was an attempt to seek the Catholic Church’s approval,it was of no use.D.Copernicus returned to Poland,where he became a church administrator and doctor.E.This went against the philosophical and religious beliefs held during medieval times.F.Religious leader Martin Luther voiced his opposition to the sun-centred system model.G.In his spare time,Copernicus studied the stars and the planets,applying his maths knowledge to the mysteries of the night sky.五、语篇填空No one is sure how many Americans belong to reading groups called book clubs.Yet 1.(publisher) and bookstores report that more and more people throughout the United States are joining 2. (they).Most of the clubs work the same way.Members read the same book at the same time.Then they meet to talk about the book.Members may be friends or people 3. live near each other.Some Americans belong to reading groups on 4. Internet.These groups include people around the world who communicate about books they read.They send electronic mails instead of gathering 5. (discuss) books.Most reading groups study books by 6.(variety) writers.However,some groups read the work of a single writer,7. (usual) one that has been famous for a while.Other groups may 8. (name) for an important person in the work of the writer,like a Sherlock Holmes Club.Members of these book clubs often are experts about their 9. (choose) reading materials.One member ofa Holmes reading group,10. eost every person in every Sherlock Holmes story.参考答案SectionⅡLesson2TheObjectivesofEducation&Lesson3Understanding一、1.have an urge to 2.To start with 3.put forward 4.go against5.contributed to6.made an assumption二、1.pursuing certain careers 2.establish core value3.receive education 4.Forming good habits 5.physical and mental health6.owes his wealth to三、1.A 推理判断题。
Lesson One How to Get the Poor off Our Conscience1.What are the five historical solutions?(1)The first solution proposed in the Bible (圣经): the poor suffer in this world butare wonderfully rewarded in the next. Their poverty is a temporary misfortune. If they are poor and also meek（逆来顺受）, they eventually will inherit the earth.(2)The second solution is utilitarianism (功利主义) . (Utilitarianism is the idea thatthe morally correct course of action is the one that produces benefit for the greatest number of people.)(3)Next is Malthusianism (人口论). The poverty of the poor was the fault of the poor.And it was so because it was a product of their excessive fecundity (生育).(4)Social Darwinism (社会达尔文主义) is the fourth solution. The elimination of thepoor is nature’s way of improving the race. （物竞天择，适者生存。
）(5)The notion that there is something economically damaging about helping the poorremains with us to this day as one of the ways by which we get them off our conscience. Public assistance to the poor interfered with the effective operation of the economic system.2.What are the five current designs?(1)Most of the things that must be done on behalf of the poor must be done in oneway or another by the government.(2)The second design is to allege that any form of public help to the poor only hurtsthe poor.(3)Public-assistance measures have an adverse effect on incentive.(4)Transferring money from the rich to the poor through the government has badeffect on freedom.(5)Finally, when all else fails, we resort to simple psychological denial.3.In the title, why the author use our instead of people’s?In starting our conscience, the author seems to indicate that he is included in the search of ways of “getting the poor off our conscience”, thus making it sound that he is reflecting on a moral sin we are all guilty of, rather than adopting a condescending way of preaching. The word“our”implicitly includes “all people who are not poor – the rich”. It’s ironical, so it is not precise if it is changed to “people’s” conscience.4.How did people feel when a number of social welfare measures were put intopractice. Were they right in thinking so?People felt that the policy of ignoring the poor and refusing assistance had beenabandoned. The government was making efforts to relieve the misery of the unfortunate, so they did not need to pay attention any more.They were not completely right. While it was true that many measures had been implemented and were working, the desire to get the poor off our conscience still lingered on, waiting for a chance to come back.Lesson Two The Woods Were Tossing with JewelsWhat does “jewels” mean in the title?(1)The author compares “the birds in the woods”to “jewels”because of theirbrightly colored plumage (羽毛), and since the birds flew back and forth across the trail, the author felt as a little girl that the woods were tossing with jewels. (2)“Jewels”also symbolize some qualities, such as self-reliance (自信), freedom,courage, hard work, simple life, love of nature, love of family, trust and caring.Lesson Three At War with the Planet1.What are the two worlds that people live in? What is the common, unthinkingattitude towards the two worlds?(1)The two worlds refer to natural world and the world of human creation.(2)The attitude is: we are responsible for events of our own world, but not for whatoccurs in the natural world.2.What’s the purpose of the author’s writing?The purpose is not to support the ecosphere or the technosphere, but to find a way to end the war and to allow peaceful accommodation to the needs of the natural order. 3.What are the two spheres? And their differences?The two spheres refer to ecosphere and technosphere.According to the author, the ecosphere refers to the air, water and soil that cover the Earth and the plants and animals that live on it. The technosphere means man-made things.(1)The ecosphere is an elaborate(精细的) network, in which each component part islinked to many others. In the technosphere, the component parts have a very different relation to their surroundings.(2)The ecosphere process is closed cyclical（循环）,while the process of technosphereis linear（直线）.(3)The ecosphere is consistent and harmonious, while the technosphere is full ofrapid change and variation.4.What are the three laws?(1)Everything is connected to everything else.(2)Everything has to go somewhere.(3)Nature knows best.Lesson Four Nettles1. What does “Nettles” mean?The narrator remembered the Nettles. But those plants with big pinkish-purple flowers are not nettles. They are called joe-pye weeds. In fact nettles are stinging insignificant-looking plants with stalks outfitted with skin-piercing spines. Her mistaking joe-pye weeds for weeds for nettles implies that ordinary life is more like the insignificant-looking nettles that are stinging and piercing, thus irritating and annoying people rather than the joe-pye weeds with snowy pinkish-purple flowers. Real life is disturbing, frustrating and unsettling, offering no tidy resolution.2. What’s the narrator’s new perception of love at last?What happened, or rather what did not happen between Mike and her gave her a new perception of love. Love that was not usable, that knew its place. Not risking a thing yet staying alive as sweet trickles, an underground resource. This is the theme of the story. The event that took place during that weekend may not seem very special or exciting, but through it the author explores the complexity of human emotions and the beauty of ordinary life.3. The symbol of stormDuring the storm, the two were holding each other tightly, but they did that to protect themselves from the terrible storm. Now they kissed and pressed together because they had just survived a devastating storm, a dangerous situation. They did that embraced as a spontaneously shared ritual. At this moment, lust that had disturbed her in the night gave way to this sense of togetherness. We can see that in a sense, the rain had washed away the lust and purified her mind, thus purifying their relationship, too.Lesson Five One against the Many1.What do “one” and “many” mean? What does the author really want to tell us? They refer to “one viewpoint”and “many viewpoints”. In other words, the author regards pragmatism as the key factor which contributed to the rapid development of the United States.2.Some words about “one” and “many”One: ideology, dogma, hedgehogs, creed, proposition.Many: ideal, pragmatism, empiricism, empirical, practical, process, foxily.3.What are the factors which contribute to the rapid development of the UnitedStates?(1)One factor was deep faith in education.(2)Another factor in the process of American development has been the commitmentto self-government and representative institutions. A related factor has been the conviction of the importance of personal freedom and personal initiative –the feeling that initiative the individual is the source of creativity. Another has been the understanding of the role of cooperative activity, public as well as voluntary. (3)But fundamental to all of those has been the national rejection of dogmaticpreconceptions about the nature of the social and economic order.Lesson Six Death of a Pig1.What is the scheme of raising a pig?Buy a piglet in blossom time, feed it through summer and fall, and then butcher it when the solid cold weather arrives.2.Is the story a tragedy or comedy?Although the author humorously describes the death of his pig, he sho ws great sympathy, worry, and sadness. On the whole, the story should be considered as a tragedy instead of a comedy.3.What is the message the author wants to express?White, however, is not merely portraying a tragic scene; he is conveying an important message. To him, time may be circular for the seasons, the weather, and human nature, but for human, or animals in this case, time is painfully one-directional.4.What does the author think through the pig’s pain and suffering?The pain and suffering of the pig made him think of the fate of man and insecure, suffering world. He wrote, “the pig’s imbalance became the man’s vicariously, and life seems insecure, displaced, transitory”. When the pig finally died, White felt notthe loss of ham, but the loss of pig because it “had suffered in a suffering world”. The author is aging and dying. To him, the suffering of the pig symbolizes the suffering of human beings.Lesson Seven1.What is an inaugural address?Presidential inauguration is a solemn occasion which requires a formal speech. Hence the employment of pseudo-Roman and biblical language to add solemnity. The occasion also demands that the speech should be short, forceful and appealing to emotion. Hence the speech uses structure, antithesis and anaphora and includes the memorable statement of “Ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country.”2.What’s the purpose of his speech?Against such a domestic and international background, Kennedy’s speech was designed to convince and persuade. Kennedy wanted to convince the American people and the world that the President and his team were capable of leadership, with vigor and vision. He needed to persuade the allies to stand with the United States, as well as to persuade newly independent countries and other poor Third World countries that the new administration would be friendly to them. Further Kennedy hoped to persuade the Soviet Union and the other Warsaw Pact countries that the new administration bore them no ill-will and wanted to work with them for peace and prosperity.3.What is the nature of the struggle?This is a struggle for peace, democracy and prosperity. The enemies of the struggle are tyranny, poverty, disease, war and natural disasters. These enemies are the common enemies of all of us.4.The functions of Chinese President?LeaderTo serve the people as a servant.5. What does “torch” refer to?The torch refers to the spirit of the First Revolution. The First Revolution refers to the War of Independence. It is considered to be the first successful bourgeois revolution in the world.Lesson Nine The Bluest Eye1. Symbol of The bluest eyesIt refers to goodness happiness and beauty in the white society, while blackness is perceived ugliness.Pecola’s greatest desire is to have blue eyes. She believes that her ugliness is the source of all her misery and that having blue eyes will be the key to happiness. She is convinced that if she had blue eyes, she would become pretty and happy that a ll her problems would be gone. She would become a beautiful girl loved by everyone.2. Wind and Snow(最后一段)the author describes how Pecola walks away from the house in a cold wind. A cold wind is blowing and snow is dying on the pavement, which implies that something in Pecola’s heart also has dead. The cold wind and snow reflect the coldness Pecola feels after the event; the coldness in nature reflects the coldness in human relationships.。
Unit 5 The UnexplainedLesson 15 A Young Hero EQ知识精讲Was Tilly paying attention to this?泰丽注意到这个现象了吗？（教材第58页）pay attention to意为“注童，集中精力于……”，其中的…是介词，后接名词、代词或动名词形式。
』You'd better pay a attention to this wordjt appeared in the last exam.你最好注意一下这个单词，它在上次考试中出现过。
人We should pay more attention to developing agriculture.我ff］应送更如注重发里的业。
1.Yes, she was, and she lold her mother at once.是的，她注意到了，而且她立刻告诉了她的妈妈。
（教材第58 页）at once意为“立刻，马上”，与right away同义，作时间状语。
』Do it at once.马上做这件事。
▲I go there at once.我马上去那里。
2.She shouted to her dad她期爸爸呼喊。
（教材第58页）shout to意为“呼喊，对大声喊叫"。
指因距离远而不得不大声叫喊（否则对方无法听见）。
▲We shouted to the driver,but he didn't hear us.我们大声向司机喊，但他没听见。
【拓展】shout at多指因为生气等非善意地对某人吼叫。
Dad shouted at the girl.and she cried.爸爸训斥了女孩一顿，女孩哭了shout to sb.向某人喊话shout at sb. 向某人叫骂3.He warned others and everyone left the beach.他警告了其他人，大家都离开J‘海滩。
When I awoke on the morning of Sunday, the 22nd, the news was brought to me of Hitler's invasio n of Russia. This changed conviction into certainty. I had not the slightest doubt where our duty a nd our policy lay. Nor indeed what to say. There only remained the task of composing it. I asked th at notice should immediately be given that I would broad-cast at 9 o' clock that night. Presently Ge neral Dill, who had hastened down from London, came into my bedroom with detailed news. The Germans had invaded Russia on an enormous front, had surprised a large portion of the Soviet Air Force grounded on the airfields, and seemed to be driving forward with great rapidity and violence . The Chief of the Imperial General Staff added, "I suppose they will be rounded up in hordes ."I spent the day composing my statement. There was not time to consult the War Cabinet, nor was i t necessary. I knew that we all felt the same on this issue. Mr. Eden, Lord Beaverbrook, and Sir Sta fford Cripps – he had left Moscow on the 10th – were also with me during the day.The following account of this Sunday at Chequers by my Private Secretary, Mr. Colville, who was on duty this weekend, may be of interest:"On Saturday, June 21, I went down to Chequers just before dinner. Mr. and Mrs. Winant, Mr. and Mrs. Eden, and Edward Bridges were staying. During dinner Mr. Churchill said that a German atta ck on Russia was now certain, and he thought that Hitler was counting on enlisting capitalist and Right Wing sympathies in this country and the U. S. A. Hitler was, however, wrong and we should go all out to help Russia. Winant said the same would be true of the U. S. A.After dinner, when I was walking on the croquet lawn with Mr. Churchill, he reverted to this them e, and I asked whether for him, the arch anti-Communist, this was not bowing down in the House of Rimmon. Mr. Churchill replied, "Not at all. I have only one purpose, the destruction of Hitler, a nd my life is much simplified thereby. It Hitler invaded Hell I would make at least a favourable re ference to the Devil in the House of Commons. 'I was awoken at 4 a. m. the following morning by a telephone message from the F. O. to the effect that Germany had attacked Russia. The P. M. had always said that he was never to be woken up for anything but Invasion (of England). I therefore postponed telling him till 8 am. His only commen t was, 'Tell the B.B.C. I will broadcast at 9 to – night. 'He began to prepare the speech at 11a. m., a nd except for luncheon（= lunch）, at which Sir Stafford Cripps, Lord Cranborne, and Lord Beaverbrook were present, he devoted the whole day to it… The speech was only ready at twenty minutes to nine."In this broadcast I said:"The Nazi regime is indistinguishable from the worst features of Communism. It is devoid of all theme and principle except appetite and racial domination. It excels all forms of human wickednes s in the efficiency of its cruelty and ferocious aggression. No one has been a more consistent cons istent opponent of Communism than I have for the last twenty - five years. I will unsay no word t hat I have spoken about it. But all this fades away before the spectacle which is now unfolding. Th e past, with its crimes, its follies, and its tragedies, flashes away. I see the Russian soldiers standin g on the threshold of their native land, guarding the fields which their fathers have tilled from tim e immemorial . I see them guarding their homes where mothers and wives pray - ah, yes, for there are times when all pray – for the safety of their loved ones, the return of the bread-winner, of their champion, of their protector. I see the ten thousand villages of Russia where the means of existenc e is wrung so hardly from the soil, but where there are still primordial human joys, where maiden s laugh and children play. I see advancing upon all this in hideous onslaught the Nazi war machin e, with its clanking , heel-clicking, dandified Prussian officers, its crafty expert agents fresh from the cowing and tying down of a dozen countries. I see also the dull, drilled, docile , brutish mass es of the Hun soldiery plodding on like a swarm of crawling locusts. I see the German bombers an d fighters in the sky, still smarting from many a British whipping, delighted to find what they beli eve is an easier and a safer prey."Behind all this glare, behind all this storm, I see that small group of villainous men who plan, org anise, and launch this cataract of horrors upon mankind..."I have to declare the decision of His Majesty's Government - and I feel sure it is a decision in whi ch the great Dominions will in due concur – for we must speak out now at once, without a day'sdelay. I have to make the declaration, but can you doubt what our policy will be? We have but one aim and one single, irrevocable purpose. We are resolved to destroy Hitler and every vestige of th e Nazi regime. From this nothing will turn us – nothing. We will never parley; we will never nego tiate with Hitler or any of his gang. We shall fight him by land, we shall fight him by sea, we shall fight him in the air, until, with God's help, we have rid the earth of his shadow and liberated its pe oples from his yoke. Any man or state who fights on against Nazidom will have our aid. Any man or state who marches with Hitler is our foe... That is our policy and that is our declaration. It follo ws therefore that we shall give whatever help we can to Russia and the Russian people. We shall a ppeal to all our friends and allies in every part of the world to take the same course and pursue it, as we shall faithfully and steadfastly to the end...."This is no class war, but a war in which the whole British Empire and Commonwealth of Nations is engaged, without distinction of race, creed, or party. It is not for me to speak of the action of th e United States, but this I will say：if Hitler imagines that his attack on Soviet Russia will cause the slightest divergence of aims or sl ackening of effort in the great democracies who are resolved upon his doom, he is woefully mista ken. On the contrary, we shall be fortified and encouraged in our efforts to rescue mankind from hi s tyranny. We shall be strengthened and not weakened in determination and in resources."This is no time to moralise on the follies of countries and Governments which have allowed them selves to be struck down one by one, when by united action they could have saved themselves and saved the world from this tyranny. But when I spoke a few minutes ago of Hitler's blood-lust an d the hateful appetites which have impelled or lured him on his Russian adventure I said there wa s one deeper motive behind his outrage. He wishes to destroy the Russian power because he hope s that if he succeeds in this he will be able to bring back the main strength of his Army and Air For ce from the East and hurl it upon this Island, which he knows he must conquer or suffer the penalt y of his crimes. His invasion of Russia is no more than a penalty to an attempted invasion of the B ritish Isles. He hopes, no doubt, that all this may be accomplished before the winter comes, and th at he can overwhelm Great Britain before the Fleet and air-power of the United States may interve ne. He hopes that he may once again repeat, upon a greater scale than ever before, that process ofdestroying his enemies one by one by which he has so long thrived and prospered, and that then th e scene will be clear for the final act, without which all his conquests would be in vain – namely, t he subjugation P of the Western Hemisphere to his will and to his system."The Russian danger is therefore our danger, and the danger of the United States, just as the cause of any Russian fighting for his hearth ）and home is the cause of free men and free peoples in every quarter of the globe. Let us learn the l essons already taught by such cruel experience. Let us redouble our exertions, and strike with unit ed strength while life and power remain. "二十二日星期天早晨，我一醒来便接到了希特勒入侵苏联的消息。
《高级英语》教学大纲1 课程的基本描述课程名称：高级英语Advanced English课程编号：2111C19B 课程性质必修课课程类别：学科基础课适用专业：英语教材选用：梅仁毅. 现代大学英语精读5、6册. 北京：外语教学与研究出版社, 2012.总学时：128学时理论学时：128学时实验学时：0 课程设计：无学分：4学分开课学期：第五、六学期前导课程：体验商务英语系列教程后续课程：2 教学定位2.1 能力培养目标本课程主要培养学生的阅读理解能力，接近实战要求，具体包括：1. 通过教学，使学生懂得入门不等于已经成为合格英语专门人才，要帮助学生看到基础阶段所学之不足，激发他们攀登英语高峰的雄心。
2. 加强学生的阅读理解能力。
首先要理解内容，这阶段的教材题材更广，内容有相当的难度，这就要求学生认真领会、深入钻研、积极思维并学习进行有水平的分析评论。
其次语言背景方面也会有更大的挑战。
需要提高学生同义词辨义和英语释义的能力。
3. 增强学生的分析欣赏能力。
帮助学生理解幽默、讽刺、含蓄、夸张、比喻、象征等各种修辞手段；熟悉各种写作技巧及方法。
4. 帮助学生学会使用各种高级工具书以及其他手段收集资料，解决难题。
2.2 课程的主要特点《高级英语》课程的教学对象为大学本科英语专业三年级学生，本课程要求学生通过阅读扩大词汇量，正确理解文章的内容和主题思想，抓住文章的要点，分析文章的结构、语言技巧和修辞特点；提高学生语言表达能力，提高学生的逻辑思维和判断评述能力。
通过一学年（128学时）的高级英语课程的学习，学生应达到高等学校外语专业教学指导委员会修订的《高等学校英语专业英语教学大纲》所规定的要求：认知词汇达10000以上，能正确和熟练地使用其中5000多个最常用的单词；能熟练掌握句子之间和段落之间的各种衔接手段，连贯地表达思想；能读懂一般英美报刊杂志上的文章、英语国家出版的有一定难度的历史传记和文学作品，能分析文章的思想观点、语篇结构、语言特点和修辞手法等。
PEP小学5年级上册英语真题(答案及解释)(共50道题)下面有答案和解题分析一、综合题1.______ you like ice cream?A. DoB. AreC. IsD. Does2.In the summer, I _______ (like) to go swimming. Last summer, I _______ (swim) every day at the local pool. I also _______ (take) swimming lessons and _______ (learn) new techniques.3.Which of these is a mode of transportation?A. BoatB. AppleC. ChairD. Table4.My dad __________ (teach) me how to ride a bike when I __________ (be) five years old. At first, I __________ (fall) a lot, but my dad __________ (encourage) me to keep trying. Finally, I __________ (learn) to ride without training wheels.5.I _______ (travel) to Paris next year.6.They _______ (write) a letter to their friend.7.Which one is a color of the rainbow?A. PinkB. BlueC. BlackD. Brownst weekend, I ______ (help) my father in the garden. We ______ (plant) flowers and ______ (water) the plants. It ______ (be) a lot of work, but we ______ (have) fun. My mom ______ (make) us a big lunch after we ______ (finish).9.She _______ (have/has) a dog.10.We _______ (travel) to many countries during our vacation last year. We went to Japan, Italy, and Australia, and each place was amazing.11.They _______ (go) to the library every day.12.Sarah and Jack are in the kitchen. Sarah is making a chocolate __________ while Jack is cracking __________ to add to the recipe. Sarah mixes the ingredients in a__________ and puts the mixture into a baking __________. After baking, they decorate the cake with __________. They both can’t wait to try the cake because it smells so__________.13.What is the opposite of "short"?A. LongB. SmallC. TallD. Big14.Which of these is a mode of transportation?A. CarB. TableC. TowelD. Chair15.They _______ (not/not) play the guitar.16.Which one is a kind of vegetable?A. CarrotB. AppleC. BananaD. Orange17.How do you ask for something politely?A. PleaseB. SorryC. Thank youD. Goodbye18.What is the opposite of "big"?A. TallB. SmallC. HeavyD. Fast19.He _______ (take) a shower now.20.We _______ (have) lunch at 12 o’clock.21.I _______ (like) to read books in my free time.22.He _______ (has / have / had) a new computer.23.Which of these is a type of musical instrument?A. SpoonB. PianoC. KnifeD. Cup24.He _______ (be) a good student.25.Which of these is a part of the tree?A. BranchB. ChairC. CarD. Book26.What is the opposite of "old"?A. YoungB. TallC. ShortD. Weak27.They _______ (run) very fast.28.He _______ (play) basketball every weekend.29.They _______ (eat) dinner at 7:00 PM yesterday.30.I _______ (study/am studying) for my test now.31.We __________ (1) a new dog last month. It __________ (2) very playful and friendly. I __________ (3) to take care of it. My parents __________ (4) me to feed it every day.32.Which one is a fruit?A. PearB. CarrotC. PotatoD. Onion33.My brother and I ______ (love) playing video games together. He usually ______ (choose) the games, and I ______ (help) him to solve puzzles. Sometimes, we ______ (compete) against each other, and the winner ______ (get) a small prize. Last week, I______ (win) a game, and my brother ______ (give) me a chocolate bar.34.Which one is a type of animal?A. ElephantB. AppleC. CupD. Spoon35.Which animal is the king of the jungle?A. ElephantB. TigerC. LionD. Monkey36.We _______ (eat / eats / eating) lunch at 12:00.37.I ________ (like) to read books in my free time. My favorite books ________ (be) about animals. I ________ (have) many books at home, and I ________ (read) one every weekend. Last weekend, I ________ (finish) reading a new book about lions.38.I ______ (not/understand) the math lesson yesterday, so I ______ (ask) my teacher for help. She ______ (explain) it to me, and now I ______ (understand) the topic. After class, I ______ (go) home and ______ (practice) the exercises. It ______ (be) much easier after I ______ (practice) more.39.Which of these is a shape?A. CircleB. SpoonC. TableD. Chair40.How do you say "苹果" in English?A. OrangeB. GrapeC. AppleD. Banana41.I _______ (do / does / doing) my homework every day.42.What is the opposite of "hot"?A. ColdB. WetC. WarmD. Dry43.I _______ (watch) a movie tomorrow.44.We _______ (have) a test tomorrow.45.I _______ (have) a dog.46.Which of these is a tool?A. WrenchB. SpoonC. PlateD. Chair47.They _______ (not/play) football on Sundays.48.What do we use to eat with a knife?A. BreadB. SoupC. MeatD. Rice49.Today, the weather __________ (1) very nice. It __________ (2) sunny and warm, so I __________ (3) wear my new sunglasses. In the morning, my parents and I__________ (4) go to the zoo. We __________ (5) see many animals, like lions, giraffes, and monkeys. I __________ (6) take lots of pictures, and my parents __________ (7) enjoy the animals too. After the zoo, we __________ (8) go to the beach to relax.50.Which of these is a mode of transport?A. BusB. TableC. DogD. Plate(答案及解释)。
Unit Five The One Against the Many1. Notes on Guide to Reading1) …the only superpower with its interests projected to nearly every corner of the world. （1.5-6）project ＝cast ？project next year's expenses and income ? projector译：世界上唯一的超级大国，? 2）…confuse his own tidy models with the vast,turbulent, unpredictable, and untidy reality which is the stuff of human existence. （3.3-4）tidy model: ？的模式untidy reality: ？the stuff of human existence: 人的存在的？confuse…with…把…和…混淆起来把其僵化的模式和现实混同起来，而现实却是无所不包、动荡不已、变幻莫测的，因为它是人的存在的产物。
或：把其僵化的模式和包容极广、动荡不已、变幻莫测的现实--人的存在的产物--混同起来。
3）seeking truth from reality （3.5）？4）cast away (3.6) throw away2．T ext AnalysisFrom paragraph 1 to paragraph 13A．必备语汇（preparatory words and expressions）见词汇测试表B. 段落大意Para 1: 引出主题：recall the development of AmericaPara 2: 指出美国的发展有几大根本因素。
Para 3: 指出其中一个因素是教育。
Para 4：阐述教育的重要性，所谓科教兴国。
Para 5：另一个因素是民主政府和代议制度。
Para 6: 指出最重要的因素是反教条，不受意识形态体系的束缚。
Para 7: 解释Ideology，即一堆有系统的、僵化的教条。
讲其与empiricism之争。
Para 8：指出美国也曾受Ideology影响。
Para 9: 但多数时候，美国对Ideology持怀疑态度，美国人更重实干，务实,美国是一个喜欢创新和实验的国家。
Para 10: 讲Pragmatism和ideology的异同，以美国革命为例。
Para 11：讲Ideals 与Ideology的区别，以杰弗逊为例。
Para 12: 讲杰弗逊更重ideals, 而非ideology。
Para 13: 讲ideology的问题所在：not apicture of actuality, but a modelderived from actuality.C. 难句理解与翻译1．In an epoch dominated by the aspirations of new states for national development, it is instructive to recall that the United States itself began as an underdeveloped country. (1)词：（1）Epoch: Era(2) Dominate: influence；control；have a commanding, controlling position in（3）Aspiration: Ambition; a strong desire for achieving something（4）Instructive: Enlightening（5）Underdeveloped: Developing(6) Recall: Remember翻译思考：（1）new states 新国家；新兴国家；新的国家；新生国家？(2) Dominated by: ？(3) national development: 国家发展？民族发展？(4) recall that the United States itself beganas an underdeveloped countryrecall: 回忆；记起；想起？began as an underdevelopedcountry: ？译文比较：（1）: 在一个以新国家渴求国家富强为主旋律的时代，记住美国开始时也是一个不发达国家，是有启迪的。
（2）: 在一个以新诞生的国家渴求国家富强为主要特征的时代，想一下美国原来的不发达，会予人启发。
(3): 新国家纷纷诞生，渴求国家富强，在这样一个时代，回顾一下美国的强国之路，不无启迪。
(4): 在这样一个新国家纷纷诞生、渴求国家富强的时代，回顾一下美国的强国之路，颇为令人深思。
2．The country was blessed by notable advantages—above all,by the fact that population was scarce in relation to available resources. (2.2-3)词:(1)be blessed by (with): enjoy; boastbless：favor翻译思考:(1)was blessed by notable advantages: 享有显著的优势？(2)above all: 最重要的是？译文比较：(1)这个国家有着显而易见的优势，最重要的是，人口相对资源来讲极为稀少。
(2)这个国家有着得天独厚的优势－主要是人口相对稀少而资源十分丰富。
(3)美国得天独厚，条件优越，尤其是资源丰富，人口不多。
3．Several elements seemed fundamental to the philosophy which facilitated the rapid social and economic development of the American continent. (2.9-11)词:(1) philosophy: a basic theory ? 思想？体系？(2) Facilitate：Promote; to make easier Facilitator:workshop facilitator = 讲座主讲人？training course facilitator = 训练班培训师？program facilitator = 项目主持人？group facilitator = 小组(讨论)主持人？consultation facilitator = 咨询活动负责人？译文比较：（1）有几个因素似乎对促进美国大陆的快速的社会经济发展的思想是最根本的。
（2）在促使美国社会经济迅速发展的思想体系中，似乎有几个根本因素。
(3) 美国社会经济迅速发展，似乎得益于其思想体系中的几个根本因素。
4. The belief that investment in people is the most essential way for a society to devote its resources existed from the earliest days of the American colonies. （3. 1-3）句子分析：The belief(that-…resources同位语从句) existed…5. It arose originally from a philosophical rather than an economic commitment—from a faith in the dignity of man and from the resulting belief that it is the responsibility of society to offer man the opportunity to develop his highest potentialities. (3.3-6)翻译思考：（1）a philosophical rather than an economic commitment:Philosophical: 哲学的？哲理的？思想的？Commitment：承诺？义务？致力于…? （2）a faith in the dignity of man: 对人的尊严的信任？对人的自尊的信仰?(3) the resulting belief:Belief:信念？译文比较：(1)它最初源于一种思想的责任而不是经济上的义务，源于对人的尊严的相信以及由此产生的一个信念，即社会有责任提供人发挥最大潜力的机会。
(2)它的产生，最初源于思想上而非经济上的执着追求，源于对人类尊严的坚定信念以及由此产生的一个理念，即社会应予人发挥最大潜力的机会。
(3)它源自对思想原则的信仰，而不是出于对经济利益的追求…（教参）(4)【殖民地早期就已存在社会资源应当先用来培养人的理念】最初这一理念的产生，是因为当时更重思想，而不是经济，坚信以人为本，认为社会应人尽其材。
4．Another factor in the process of American development has been the commitment to self-government and representative institutions. We have found no better way than democracy to fulfill man’s talents and release his energies.(5. 1-3)词:(1) Commitment: loyalty；a pledge to do翻译思考：Self-government: 自治？…政府？Representative institutions: 代表机构？代表制度？代议制政府机构（教参）？Institution:制度Marriage is an age-old social institution.婚姻是一种古老的社会制度。
译：决定美国发展过程的另一个因素是坚持民主政府和代议制度。
我们发现民主是使人的才智得到充分施展、人的能量得到充分发挥的最好方式。
5. Another has been the understanding of the role of cooperative activity, public as well as voluntary. (5.5-6)翻译思考：Public: 公众的？公开的？Cooperative activity:合作行为？译文：另一相关因素是对协作的重要性的理解，不论是应国家要求或者个人志愿的协作。
