目录
医学考博英语历年真题 (2)
2016年全国医学博士英语统一入学考试试卷 (2)
2016年全国医学博士英语统一入学考试试题参考答案及解析 (18)
2016年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷录音原文 (36)
本试题含阅读文章大意分析，听力含答案解析，
有听力原文。
医学考博英语历年真题
2016年全国医学博士英语统一入学考试试卷
PAPER ONE
Part I Listening comprehension(30%)
Section A
Directions:In this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between two speakers, At the end of each conversation,you will hear a question about what is said,The question will be read only once,After you hear the question,read the four possible answers marked A,B,C,and D.Choose the best answers and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.
Listen to the following example.
You will hear:
Woman:I fell faint.
Man:No wonder.You haven't had a bite all day.
Question:What's the matter with the woman?
You will read:
A.She is sick.
B.She is bitten by an ant
C.She is hungry.
D.She spilled her paint.
Here C is the right answer.
Sample Answer
A B●D Now let's begin with question Number1.
1. A.At ten next Wednesday. B.At three next Wednesday.
C.At ten next Monday.
D.At three next Monday.
2. A.A dull pain. B.A piercing pain.
C.A burning pain.
D.A numb pain.
3. A.He is going to get married. B.He is going to get his bachelor's degree.
C.He will count on the woman for help
D.He will bring his own booze to the party
4. A.Pizza is her favorite food. B.Pizza is her second choice.
C.She dislikes the man's idea.
D.She couldn't agree with the man more.
5. A.Jack's girlfriend is mad at him.
B.Jack has fallen in love with Debra.
C.Debra is prettier than Jack's girl friend.
D.Jack wants to break up with his girlfriend.
6. A.It will rain soon. B.It's right to be proposed.
C.She is worded about the weather.
D.To be safe,they'd better stay at home.
7. A.He is a great big-wave surfer. B.He is a trouble-maker.
C.He is a nice guy.
D.He is very weird.
8. A.$60 B.$40 C.$360. D.$30
9. A.Quit smoking. B.Go jogging every morning.
C.Work out in the gym.
D.Go on a diet.
10. A.100. B.232. C.132. D.332.
11. A.Mary isn't his type. B.He fell in love with Mary at first sight.
C.Mary was not pretty enough.
D.He won't teach Mary chemistry.
12. A.Play tennis. B.Take out the trash.
C.Play computer games.
D.Go to court for a lawsuit
13. A.In the school.B.At school.
C.In the hospital.
D.To the dorm.
14. A.She is seriously ill.
B.She has to look after her husband at home.
C.She will persuade her husband to go to hospital.
D.She will be taken good care of by her sister and daughter.
15. A.She makes a living now as a dressmaker.
B.She makes a living now as a landlady.
C.She worries a lot about her health.
D.She now lives on her pension.
Section B
Directions:In this section you will hear one conversation and two passages,after each of which,you will hear five questions.After each question,read the four possible answers marked A,B,C and D.Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET
Sample Answer
A B●D Conversation
16. A.A duodenal ulcer. B.Stomach ulcer.
C.A Mouth ulcer.
D.A skin ulcer.
17. A.Have an operation. B.Try medical means.
C.See a psychiatrist.
D.Be off work for a while.
18. A.Overweight. B.Smoking.
C.Heredity.
D.Stress.
19. A.He is a light smoker. B.He is a casual smoker.
C.He is a heavy smoker.
D.He is a moderate smoker.
20. A.Stop smoking. B.Have a surgery.
C.Eat regularly and exercise more
D.Make an appointment with Dr.Oakes
Passage One
21. A.He is a man who has a gene of longevity.
B.He is a professor at Boston University.
C.He is the owner of the website https://www.doczj.com/doc/789766024.html,.
D.He is the creator of a website on longevity.
22. A.Women don't like red meat as much as men.
B.The high estrogen level in women makes the differences.
C.Women develop cardiovascular disease much later than men.
D.The incidence of cardiovascular disease is much lower in women.
23. A.In their50s and60s. B.In their60s and70s.
C.In their70s and80s.
D.In their80s and90s.
24. A.Calcium. B.Iodine. C.Zinc. D.Iron
25. A.The reason why red meat is harmful to health.
B.The reason why vegetarian food is so popular.
C.Another possibility for women's longevity.
D.The important role iron plays in cellular reactions.
Passage Two
26. A.He was the owner of a grocery store.
B.He was a convict laboring at a junkyard.
C.He struggled under the strain of poverty.
D.He lived happily with his wife and three kids.
27. A.He is a stockbroker.'
B.He is an investment advisor.
C.He is the manager of a mutual fund.
D.He is a teacher at local community college.
28. A.Indecision B.Arrogance. C.Ignorance. D.Fear
29. A.He began teaching on investment at college.
B.He began reading investment books and then began practicing
C.He began learning how to become a successful stockbroker.
D.He began investing big money in a mutual fund each month.
30. A.Man errs as long as he strives.
B.Failure is the mother of success.
C.Where there is a will,there is a way.
D.The good seaman is known in bad weather.
Part II Vocabulary(10%)
Section A
Directions:In this section,all the sentences are incomplete.Four word or phrases marked A,B,C and D are given beneath each of them.You are to choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence,then mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.
31.Employers have a legal obligation to pay______to their workers for injuries.
https://www.doczj.com/doc/789766024.html,pensation
https://www.doczj.com/doc/789766024.html,promise
https://www.doczj.com/doc/789766024.html,modity
D.consumption
32.The argument between the two patients became so fierce that the doctor had to _______.
A.alleviate
B.aggravate
C.extinguish
D.intervene
33.But despite all the legal hustle and bustle,they don't actually expect to______death sentences to life terms without parole.
A.induce
B.convert
C.revive
D.swerve
34.To maintain physical well-being,a person should eat_______food and get sufficient exercise
A.integral
B.gross
C.wholesome
D.intact
35.The Central Government's pledge to maintain the______and stability of Hong Kong at all costs is a great encouragement to the local finance.
A.provision
B.prosperity
C.privilege
D.preference
36.It is pointed out that patients must be reassured that"their lives will not be______as
a result of bed shortages".
A.facilitated
B.forfeited
C.fulfilled
D.furnished
37.The cause of his death has been a mystery and_______unknown so far.
A.exclusively
B.superficially
C.utterly
D.doubtfully
38.It is known that some ways of using resources_______can destroy the environment as well as the people living in it.
A.recklessly
B.sparingly
C.sensibly
D.incredibly
39.Cholera is a preventable waterborne bacterial infection that is spread through _______water.
A.filtered
B.distilled
C.contaminated
D.purified
40.We welcome him not_______as a new broom but rather as a very old friend.
A.by the way
B.at all events
C.by no means
D.in any sense
Section B
Directions:Each of the following sentences has a word or phrase underlined.There are four words or phrases beneath each sentence.Choose the word or phrase which can best keep the meaning of the original sentence if it is substituted for the underlined part.Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.
41.In any event,lethal injections are under federal scrutiny.
A.sanction
B.restriction
C.census
D.examination
42.The humble tomato could become a(n)potent weapon in the fight against prostate cancer.
A.inexpensive
B.powerful
C.conventional
D.lethal
43.Men's perception of the amount of caregiving they do is completely at odds with women's.
A.in tune with
B.in favor of
C.for the sake of
D.in disagreement with
44.Huangshan Mountain is eminent for its natural scenery and deserves a visit.
A.renowned
B.notorious
C.popular
D.mysterious
45.Obesity is a condition perpetuated by a diversity of factors.
A.severity
B.reliability
C.variety
D.specificity
46.He is usually well-behaved,this rudeness is only a(n)lapse.
A.error
B.sin
C.guilt
D.offense
47.Did you detect a touch of jaundice in her remark?
A.grievance
B.sympathy
C.jealousy
D.indignation
48.In1912,German doctors attempted to treat children who had underactive thyroids with normal thyroid cells,but to little avail.
A.by no means
B.in vain
C.of no account
D.at stake
49.To many observers,he spent his wealth lavishly.
A.fearlessly
B.conspicuously
C.wastefully
D.ferociously
50.At present,no medical therapy is known to affect progressions of rheumatic mitral stenosis.
A.deterioration
B.accumulation
C.expansion
D.promotion
Part III Cloze(10%)
Directions:In this section there is a passage with ten numbered blanks.For each blank, there are four choices marked A,B,C and D on the right side.Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.
Humans are the only species known to have consciousness,awareness that we have brains and bodies51adaptability that we can affect the course our lives take,that we can make choices52that vastly affect the quality of our lives-biologically, intellectually,environmentally,and spiritually.As humans,we have the ability to mold
our53beings to become what or who we wish to become.While some of us may,_54_, have genetic and biological imperatives that may require medication or training to overcome,or at least to modulate,the vast majority of us do,in fact,hold our emotional_55_in our hands.
All that56,until the last decade,scientists believed that the human brain and its connections were formed during gestation and infancy and remained_57unchanged through childhood.They believed that humans had a given number of neurons in a specific brain structure,and_58_the number might vary among people,once you were done with childhood development,you were set in this_59.Your connections were already made,and the learning and growing period of your brain was over.In the last decade,however,researchers have found60evidence that this is not so,and that something called neuroplasticity continues throughout our lives.
51.A.careful about B.capable of
C.accessible to
D.susceptible to
52.A.in the event B.in an attempt C.at the moment D.along the way
53.A.exclusive B.very C.just D.exact
54.A.indeed B.however C.moreover D.therefore
55.A.demonstration B.dimension
C.destiny
D.determination
56.A.has been said B.being said
C.was said
D.is said
57.A.more or less B.pretty much C.as ever D.if any
58.A.while B.despite C.nevertheless D.since
59.A.case B.mold C.sense D.condition
60.A.different B.similar C.insufficient D.significant
Part IV Reading Comprehension(30%)
Directions:In this part there are six passages,each of which is followed by five questions.For each question there are four possible answers marked A,B,C,and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.
Passage One
Parents are on a journey of discovery with each child whose temperament,biology, and sleep habits result in a unique sleep-wake pattern.It can be frustrating when children's sleep habits do not conform to the household schedule.Helping the child develop good sleep habits in childhood takes time and parental attention,but it will have beneficial results throughout life.An understanding of the changing patterns of the typical sleep-wake cycle in children will help alleviate any unfounded concerns. Maintaining a sleep diary for each child will provide the parents with baseline
information in assessing the nature and severity of childhood sleep problems.Observant patents will come to recognize unusual sleep disruptions or those that persist or intensify.
Developmental changes throughout childhood bring differences in the sleep-wake cycle and in the type and frequency of parasomnias that may interrupt sleep.Medical consultation to rule out illness,infection of injury is prudent if the child's sleep problems prevent adequate sleep and result in an ongoing sleep deficit.As reported by News-Medical in Child Health News,children's sleep problems should be taken seriously as they may be a"marker"for predicting later risk of early adolescent substance use."In the same article,University of Michigan psychiatry professor Kirk Brower,who has studied"the interplay of alcohol and sleep in adults"stressed that"The finding does not mean there's a cause-and-effect relationship."
Consultation with a child psychologist may be helpful if frightening dreams intensify and become more frequent as this may indicate a particular problem or life circumstance that needs to be changed or one that the child may need extra help working through.
Most childhood sleep disturbance will diminish over time as the brain matures and a regular
sleep-wake cycle is established.Parental guidance is crucial to development of healthy sleep habits in children.
61.To have a journey of discovery with each child,according to the passage,is ________.
A.to discover their unique sleep-wake cycles
B.to follow their behavioral preferences
C.to alleviate their sleeping problems
D.to explore their asset
62.In the first paragraph,the author suggests that parents________.
A.seek professional consultation for their child's sleep problem
B.adjust their household schedule to the child's sleeping habit
C.take their child's unfounded concerns into consideration
D.keep a diary on sleep pattern for their child
63.Where there exists a"marker"in the child,according to the passage_______.
A.it might lead to his or her early substance use
B.he or she will carry it all his or her life
C.it might interrupt his or her sleep pattern
D.he or she is destined to be an alcoholic
64.What is the author trying to tell us in the third paragraph?
A.It takes time to combat sleeping problem in children.
B.Sometimes parents need to seek professional assistance.
C.Parents cannot afford to neglect their child's sleeping problem.
D.Much importance should be attached to the child's life circumstance.
65.What is the main idea of the passage?
A.Child sleep disturbance and its future impact.
B.Child sleep disturbance and its family history.
C.Parent's role in building their child's healthy sleeping habit.
D.A psychological perspective on sleep disturbance in children.
Passage Two
The United States and England each has a major and unique health-care challenge, according to a study comparing the health of senior citizens in the two countries.The study,conducted by researchers from RAND Corporation in the United States and Institute for Fiscal Studies in the United Kingdom,found that disease and health disorder incidence was higher among U.S.senior citizens,but mortality rates were higher among English senior citizens.
Americans aged65and older have almost twice the rate of diabetes found among their English counterparts and more than double the rate of cancer.Nevertheless,death rate among Americans65and older is lower.
"Americans are a sicker group of people who tend to live longer,"says James Smith, a study
co-author.He attributes the U.S.health problems to lifestyle factors,including poor eating habits and inadequate exercise.Americans tend to eat much larger servings of food, for example,"There is what I call an American plate.When we go to a restaurant,it's a plate I can't even eat any more.It's a plate with so much food on if it's not even appealing to me."
Smith also says that English adults are generally much more physically active than Americans.Biking and walking are much common in everyday life in England.He observes that"there is a lot of walking in London,and there is a lot of bicycle riding.I don't see people in downtown Los Angeles on their bicycles".
On the other hand,England's problem is that doctors fail to diagnose serious conditions early enough.American doctors tend to screen patients for cancer,diabetes, and other illnesses more frequently.Smith notes"American medicine is much more aggressive.It leads to high costs,but it has benefits,too".
66.The study's results indicated_______.
A.an urgent call for health promotion among English and American senior citizens
B.health disparities between English and American senior citizens
C.a close relation between disease incidence and mortality rate
D.a significant rise in mortality rates among senior citizens
67.Which of the following is a unique health care challenge for English senior citizens when compared with their American counterparts?
A.A higher death rate.
B.A higher rate of cancer.
C.A higher incidence of disease.
D.A lower tendency to have diabetes.
68.What does James Smith imply by an American plate?
A.A sedentary American lifestyles.
B.American junk foods on the table.
C.A large portion of food consumed by Americans.
D.Severe malnutrition among American senior citizens.
69.The Americans'unique health-care challenge according to James Smith,is derived from
A.their unusual forms of physical activities
B.their different geographic location
C.their genetic likelihood of obesity
D.their unhealthy lifestyle factors
70.Even though it is much more aggressive,the American medicine
A.better improves the quality of life among its senior citizens
B.benefits more seniors who need medical care
C.facilitates its senior citizens to live longer
D.helps its senior citizens live healthier
Passage Three
Less meat and dairy in our diets could help reduce agricultural greenhouse gases by as much as80%by2055,according to a recent study by the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research(PIK).The researchers created global land-use model to project likely outcomes given different scenarios involving consumer dietary trends and changes in agriculture production methods.The models take into consideration population growth the world economy,and other factors.
The researchers found that,if meat and dairy consumption patterns remain constant of increase,the associated global agricultural omissions will increase significantly.On the other hand,a25%reduction over the next40years would help bring levels to where they were around1995.
Methane and nitrous oxide in particular could be reduced if less meat and dairy is produced and consumed.These gases are caused largely by livestock waste and synthetic fertilizers.Around two-thirds of nitrous-oxide emissions come from agriculture--and most of that as a result of either raising animals or producing the feed used to raise them. Consumers'food choices,combined with what one PIK researcher terms"technical mitigation options on the producers side"could make an enormous impact on these emissions.
While not nearly as much methane or nitrous oxide is released into the atmosphere as carbon dioxide,both are significantly more potent and they form substantial pieces of the greenhouse gas pie.Both of these gases trap heat and radiation in the atmosphere much more effectively than does carbon dioxide.The U.S.Environmental Protection Agency cites methane as being"21times more effective at trapping heat in the atmosphere than carbon dioxide over a100-year time period."Nitrous oxide is more than 300times more effective than CO2.
While the PIK study doesn't detail exactly which consumer choices and eating habits can help reverse the trend,it seems clear that less is more when it comes to consuming meat and dairy products.
71.The current PIK study________.
A.was nothing but a what-if
B.was based on the global land-use models
C.managed to reduce agricultural greenhouse gases
D.changed the patterns of meat and dairy consumption
72.As the PIK results imply,it is possible________.
A.to keep the consumption patterns unchanged over the next40years
B.to reduce the emissions by25%over the next40years
C.to maintain a constant drop in the consumption
D.to return to the emission levels around1995
73.Simply put,to produce and consume less meat and dairy is to________.
A.reduce more methane and nitrous oxide emissions
B.produce more economic benefits for agriculture
C.cut two-thirds more of nitrous-oxide emissions
D.have more technical mitigation options
74.The greenhouse gas pie tells us________.
A.the importance of being a vegetarian
B.no need to worry about carbon dioxide
C.the priorities in the environmental protection
D.the best consumer choice for meat and dairy products
75.What can be the best title for the passage?
A.Eating Healthy
B.From Farm to Plate
C.Greenhouse Effect
D.Diet for a Healthier Planet
Passage Four
Today this dangerous situation has been largely alleviated.Henry,a77-year-old pensioner from East London,still lives alone and happily practices golf swings in his back garden safe in the knowledge that his body is able to cope with the extra exertion.
What has altered Henry's life is not some wonder drug but a simple change in the way his illness is managed Every day Henry hooks himself up to monitoring devices whose results help him to understand it and overcome its more debilitating effects. "Telehealth has given me confidence in myself because I know my own body now."he says.He adjusts what he does according to what his daily readings tell him about his condition.
Henry is just one of a growing number of pioneering patients who are trusting their futures to https://www.doczj.com/doc/789766024.html,rge trials are under way around the world to evaluate the idea. With elderly populations and the incidence of age-related illnesses growing telehealth promises to give people the independence they need to remain in their own homes.It could also reduce the burden of healthcare costs.
The disorder that makes Henry's life so difficult is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(DOPD),a condition that affects some800,000people in England.The airways in his lungs have narrowed,leaving him with severe shortness of breath and blood oxygen levels that can fall dangerously low.
With his new equipment,Henry can keep a close eye on how his body is doing.He received for measuring his blood oxygen level and pulse rate,a blood pressure monitor and a set of speaking scales.Each connects wirelessly to a unit and collates the readings and sends them to a team of medical specialists,who watch for suspicious changes.If the readings look bad,they call him to discuss appropriate action.Henry too can see the readings on his television,where they are displayed with the help of a special set-top box.
Whether a day is good or bad depends largely on Henry's blood oxygen level. Before joining the telehealth program,he could only guess at that.Now he knows if the reading is low,he can take action,when the reading is high,he can go about his business and is confident that his oxygen level will see him through."Telehealth is a good thing for me,"says Henry."I know that on the other end of the telephone there's a little angel and if anything goes wrong,it shows up on the television and she's on the phone within five minutes."
76.What can be said of Henry?
A.His illness was wrongly diagnosed.
B.He lived alone without medical care.
C.His life was improved with telehealth.
D.He used to be a professional golf player.
77.Henry activates his daily health management________.
A.with a receipt of the doctor's order on his condition
B.by getting hooked up to the monitoring devices
C.by giving a ring to the community doctor
D.with the practice of golf swings
78.As one of the pioneering patients,Henry________.
A.receives the most benefits from telehealth
B.puts his life in the hands of a medical team
C.seems to carry out well the intents of telehealth
D.is actively involved in evaluating telehealth globally
79.What is the most important about the telehealth technology in the case of Henry?
A.His illness can be brought back to normal as expected.
B.It can rid him of the debilitating effects due to his illness.
C.It helps him better understand the readings on the television.
D.His condition can be kept under continuous surveillance at home.
80.Thanks to the telehealth technology,Henry knows for sure his blood oxygen level, thus________.
A.having a good day
B.building up his confidence
C.getting hospitalized in no time
D.having no trouble doing physical labor
Passage Five
When it comes to health,which is more important,nature or nurture?You may well think your genes are a more important predictor of health and ill health.Not so fast.In fact,it transpires that our everyday environment outweighs our genetics,big time,when it comes to measuring our risk of disease.The genome is out--welcome the exposome.
"The exposome represents everything a person is exposed to in the environment, that's not in the genes,"says Stephen Rappaport,environmental health scientist at the University of California,Berkeley.That includes stress,diet,lifestyle choices, recreational and medicinal drug use and infections,to name a few."The big difference is that the exposome changes throughout life as our bodies,diets and lifestyles change,"he says.
While our understanding of the human genome has been growing at an exponential rate over the last decade,it is not as helpful as we hoped in predicting diseases."Genes only contribute10percent to the overall disease burden,"says Rappaport.
"Knowing genetic risk factors can prove absolutely futile,"says Jeremy Nicholson at Imperial College London.He points to work by Nina Paynter at the Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston,who investigated the effect of101genetic markers implicated in heart disease.After following over19,000women for12years,she found these markers were not able to predict anything about the incidence of heart disease in this group.
On the other hand,the impact of environmental influences is still largely a mystery." There's an imbalance between our ability to investigate the genome and the
environment,"says Chris Wild,director of the International Agency for Research on Cancer,who came up with the idea of the exposome.
In reality most diseases are probably caused by a combination of the two,which is where the exposome comes in."The idea is to have a comprehensive analysis of a person's full exposure history,"says Wild.He hopes a better understanding of exposures will shed a brighter light on disease risk factors.
There are likely to be critical periods of exposure in development.For example,the time from birth to3years of age is thought to be particularly important."We know that this is the time when brain connections are made,and that if you are obese by this age, you'll have problems as an adult,"says Nicholson.
81.Rappaport argues that a major threat to our human health_______.
A.lies in our exposome
B.is growing to take shape
C.decides our social environment
D.is changing with the human genetic evolution
82.What can be said of the exposome according to Rappaport?
A.Static.
B.Reliable.
C.Predictable.
D.Changeable.
83.Speaking of genes,Rappaport would say that_______.
A.the human genome project is a mere waste of time
B.there is no such a thing as predictive medicine
C.genetic evolution is almost static
D.we do not live:only by our genes
84.Even though we cannot pinpoint the exact impact of environmental influence,Wild contends that________.
A.we have the exposome contributing significantly to our health or ill health
B.we can strike a balance between the human body and its exposures
C.each of us leaves a unique exposure history in the environment
D.we can manage the exposome as expected
85.Particularly important,according to Nicholson,is the time when
A.obesity occurs
B.the brain is injured
C.the exposome comes in
D.the exposures are not blocked
Passage Six
Publishing in scientific journals is the most common and powerful means to disseminate new research findings.Visibility and credibility in the scientific world require publishing in journals that are included in global indexing databases such as those of the Institute for Scientific Information(ISI).Most scientists in developing countries
remain at the periphery of this critical communication process,exacerbating the low international recognition and impact of their accomplishments.For science to become maximally influential and productive across the globe,this needs to change.
The economy of electronic publication,open access,and property rights fuel current academic and policy debates about scientific publishing in the industrialized world.The concerns in the developing world(with few ISI-indexed journals)focus on more fundamental questions,such as sustaining local research activity and achieving the appropriate global reach of its science activities.
The essence of the African situation is captured by R.J.W.Tijssen's analysis of publications by African authors,which was based not only on data from ISI indexing databases,but also on publications not indexed in this system.Surprisingly,half of the South African citations in the indexed ISI literature are to articles in nonindexed,locally published journals.Also,several nonindexed local joumals are cited in the ISI system at about the same rate as are indexed journals.The share of indexed articles with at least one author with an African address remains steady at about1%.About half of the ISI-indexed papers with at least one author with an African address have non-African partners outside of the continent.These figures vary,country by country,sometimes in surprising ways. For example,85%of the papers published from Mali or Gabon involve collaborations on other continents,versus39%and29%,respectively,for South African and Egypt,the continent's leading research producers.Thus,much of the Africa research system is now highly dependent on collaborations.
How can the global reach and potential impact of scientific research in Africa and other developing countries be optimized?Of primary importance is boosting the quality and quantity of work that is locally published,through measures including review of submissions by peers from within and outside the country,skilled editing and exploitation of local niches and special research opportunities.A proliferation of journals,short-lived publications,print-only journals,and poor distribution constitutes a picture that must change.A nationally organized project can probably make the biggest difference,with investment by government and research-support agencies,as well as wide participation by local and regional
scientific communities.
86.The author cries for a change in_______.
A.the recognition of new research findings
B.the allocation of research resources
C.the global indexing database
D.global science publishing
87.According to the author,the low international recognition and the impact of scientists
2016年全国医学博士英语统一入学考试试卷完整版 注：本答案非旭晨考博网出，完整参考答案请及时关注《2017年旭晨医学考博英语一本通第11版》后续更新，将免费提供。 Listening Comprehension (30%) Section A 1. B. At three next Wednesday. 2. B. A piercing pain. 3. A. He is going to get married. 4. D. She couldn't agree with the man more. 5. A. Jack's girlfriend is mad at him. 6. B. It's wise to be prepared. 7. B. He is a trouble-maker. 8. D. $30 9. C. Work out in the gym. 10. B. 232 11. A. Mary isn't his type. 12. A. Play tennis. 13. C. In the hospital. 14. A. She is seriously ill. 15. B. She makes a living now as a landlady. Section B Dialogue 16. A. A duodenal ulcer. 17. B. Try medical means. 18. A. Overweight. 19. C. He is a heavy smoker. 20. D. Make an appointment with Dr. Oaks. Passage One 21. D. He is the creator of a website on longevity. 22. C. Women develop cardiovascular disease much later than men. 23. B. In their 60s and 70s. 24. D. Iron. 25. C. Another possibility for women's longevity. Passage Two 26. C. He struggled under the strain of poverty. 27. B. He is an investment advisor. 28. D. Fear. 29. B. He began reading investment books and then began practicing. 30. C. Where there is a will, there is a way. Part II Vocabulary (10%) Section A Directions: In this section all the sentences are incomplete. Four words or phrases, marked A, B, C
医学考博英语翻译习题 An AIDS Mystery Solved (1) About 15 years ago， a well-meaning man donated blood to the Red Cross in Sydney，Australia，not knowing he has been exposed to HIV-1，the virus that causes AIDS. Much later，public-health officials learned that some of the people who got transfusions? containing his blood had become infected with the same virus; presumably they were almost sure to die. But as six years stretched to 10，then to 14，the anxiety of health officials gave way to astonishment. Although two of the recipients have died from other causes，not one of the seven people known to have received transfusions of the man’s contaminated blood has come down with AIDS. More telling still，the donor，a sexually active homosexual，is also healthy. In fact his immune system remains as robust as if he had never tangled with HIV at all. What could explain such unexpected good fortune? (2) A team of Australian scientists has finally solved the mystery. The virus that the donor contracted and then passed on，the team reported last week in the journal Science. contains flaws in its genetic script that appear to have rendered it innocuous?. “Not only have the recipients and the donor not progressed to disease for 15 years，”marvels molecular biologist Nicholas Deacon of Australia’s Macfarlane Burnet Centre for Medical Re-search，“but the prediction is that they never will.”Deacon speculates that this “impotent”HIV may even be a natural inoculant? that protects its carriers against more virulent strains? of the virus，much as infection with cowpox warded off smallpox in 18th-century milkmaids. (3) If this ______ proves right，it will mark a milestone in the battle to contain the late-20th century’s most terrible epidemic. For in addition to explaining why this small group of people infected with HIV has not become sick，the discovery of a viral strain that works like a vaccine would have far-reaching implications. “What these results suggest，”says Dr. Barney Graham of Tennessee’s Vanderbilt University，“is that HIV is vulnerable and that it is possible to stimulate effective immunity against it.” (4) The strain of HIV that popped up? in Sydney intrigues scientists because it contains striking abnormalities in a gene that is believed to stimulate viral duplication. In fact，the virus is missing so much of this particular gene —known as nef，for negative factor —that it is hard to imagine how the gene could perform any useful function. And sure enough，while the Sydney virus retains the ability to infect T cells —white blood cells that are critical to the immune system’s ability to ward off infection —it makes so few copies of itself that the most powerful molecular tools can barely detect its presence. Some of the infected Australians，for example，were found to carry as few as one or two copies of the virus for every 100000 T cells. People with AIDS，by contrast，are burdened with viral loads thousands of times higher. (5) At the very least，the nef gene offers an attractive target for drug developers. If its activity can be blocked，suggests Deacon，researchers might be able to hold the progression of disease at bay，even in people who have developed full-blown AIDS. The need for better AIDS-fighting drugs was underscored last week by the actions of a U.S. Food and Drug Administration advisory panel，which recommended speedy approval of two new AIDS drugs，including the first of a new class of compounds called protease? inhibitors?. Although FDA commissioner David Kessler was quick to praise the new drugs，neither medication can prevent or cure AIDS once it has taken hold.
2016年全国医学博士英语统考答案 Listening Comprehension (30%) Section A 1. B. At three next Wednesday. 2. B. A piercing pain. 3. A. He is going to get married. 4. D. She couldn't agree with the man more. 5. A. Jack's girlfriend is mad at him. 6. B. It's wise to be prepared. 7. B. He is a trouble-maker. 8. D. $30 9. C. Work out in the gym. 10. B. 232 11. A. Mary isn't his type. 12. A. Play tennis. 13. C. In the hospital. 14. A. She is seriously ill. 15. B. She makes a living now as a landlady. Section B Dialogue 16. A. A duodenal ulcer. 17. B. Try medical means. 18. A. Overweight. 19. C. He is a heavy smoker. 20. D. Make an appointment with Dr. Oaks. Passage One 21. D. He is the creator of a website on longevity. 22. C. Women develop cardiovascular disease much later than men. 23. B. In their 60s and 70s. 24. D. Iron. 25. C. Another possibility for women's longevity. Passage Two 26. C. He struggled under the strain of poverty. 27. B. He is an investment advisor. 28. D. Fear. 29. B. He began reading investment books and then began practicing.
2018年全国医学考博英语试题.d o c
2018MD 全国医学博士外语统一考试 英语试卷 答题须知 1.请考生首先将自己的姓名、所在考点、准考证号在试卷一答题纸和试卷二标 准答题卡上认真填写清楚，并按“考场指令”要求，将准考证号在标准答题卡上划好。 2.试卷一(Paper One)答案和试卷二(Paper Two)答案都作答在标准答题卡上，不 要做在试卷上。 3.试卷一答题时必须使用2B铅笔，将所选答案按要求在相应位置涂黑；如要更 正，先用橡皮擦干净。书面表达一定要用黑色签字笔或钢笔写在标准答题卡上指定区域。 4.标准答题卡不可折叠，同时答题卡须保持平整干净，以利评分。 5.听力考试只放一遍录音，每道题后有15秒左右的答题时间。 国家医学考试中心
PAPER ONE Part 1 ：Listening comprehension（30%） Section A Directions:In this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between two speakers, At the end of each conversation, you will hear a question about what is said, The question will be read only once, After you hear the question, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best answers and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET. Listen to the following example You will hear Woman: I feel faint. Man: No wonder. You haven’t had a bite all day. Question: What’s the matter with the woman? You will read: A. She is sick. B. She was bitten by an ant. C. She is hungry. D. She spilled her paint. Here C is the right answer. Sample Answer A B C D Now let’s begin with question Number 1. 1. A. About 12 pints B. About 3 pints C. About 4 pints D. About 7 pints 2. A. Take a holiday from work. B. Worry less about work. C. Take some sleeping pills. D. Work harder to forget all her troubles. 3. A. He has no complaints about the doctor. B. He won’t complain anything. C. He is in good condition. D. He couldn’t be worse. 4. A. She is kidding. B. She will get a raise. C. The man will get a raise. D. The man will get a promotion. 5. A. Her daughter likes ball games. B. Her daughter is an exciting child. C. She and her daughter are good friends.
2018MD 全国医学博士外语统一考试 英语试卷 答题须知 1.请考生首先将自己的姓名、所在考点、准考证号在试卷一答题纸和试卷二标准答题卡上认真填写清楚，并按“考场指令”要求，将准考证号在标准答题卡上划好。 2.试卷一(Paper One)答案和试卷二(Paper Two)答案都作答在标准答题卡上，不要做在试卷上。 3.试卷一答题时必须使用2B铅笔，将所选答案按要求在相应位置涂黑；如要更正，先用橡皮擦干净。书面表达一定要用黑色签字笔或钢笔写在标准答题卡上指定区域。 4.标准答题卡不可折叠，同时答题卡须保持平整干净，以利评分。 5.听力考试只放一遍录音，每道题后有15秒左右的答题时间。 国家医学考试中心
PAPER ONE Part 1 ：Listening comprehension（30%） Section A Directions:In this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between two speakers, At the end of each conversation, you will hear a question about what is said, The question will be read only once, After you hear the question, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best answers and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET. Listen to the following example You will hear Woman: I feel faint. Man: No wonder. You haven’t had a bite all day. Question: What’s the matter with the woman? You will read: A. She is sick. B. She was bitten by an ant. C. She is hungry. D. She spilled her paint. Here C is the right answer. Sample Answer A B C D Now let’s begin with question Number 1. 1. A. About 12 pints B. About 3 pints C. About 4 pints D. About 7 pints 2. A. Take a holiday from work. B. Worry less about work. C. Take some sleeping pills. D. Work harder to forget all her troubles. 3. A. He has no complaints about the doctor. B. He won’t complain anything. C. He is in good condition. D. He couldn’t be worse. 4. A. She is kidding. B. She will get a raise. C. The man will get a raise. D. The man will get a promotion. 5. A. Her daughter likes ball games. B. Her daughter is an exciting child. C. She and her daughter are good friends. D. She and her daughter don’t always understand each other.
2003 part II 31.Sometimes you can get quite _____ when you are trying to communicate with someone in English. A.frustrated失败的, 落空的 B.depressed 沮丧的, 降低的 C.approved被认可的 D.distracted心烦意乱的 32.The company has ____ itself to a policy of equal opportunity for all. A.promised https://www.doczj.com/doc/789766024.html,mitted commit oneself to委身于，专心致志于 C.attributed attribute sth. to认为某事物是...的属性; 把某事物归功于; 认为某事物是(某人)创造的 D.converted 33.I haven’t met anyone ____ the new tax plan. A.in honor of B.in search of C.in place of D.in favor of 34.Salk won ____ as the scientist who developed the world’s first effective vaccine against polio. A.accomplishment a girl of many accomplishments多才多艺的姑娘 Among her accomplishments were sewing,cooking,playing the piano and dancing.她的才能包括缝纫、烹调、弹钢琴和跳舞。 B.qualification admission qualification入学资格physical qualifications身体条件 C.eminence win [reach] eminence as an inventor成为卓越的发明家a man of eminence名人 D.patent 35.This software can be ____ to the needs of each customer. A.tailored B.administrated C.entailed vt.使必需, 使蒙受, 使承担, 遗传给entail great expense on sb.使某人承担大笔费用entail ... on sb.使某人负担...把...遗留给某人 D.accustomed be accustomed to习惯于accustom oneself to使自己习惯于; 养成...的习惯 36.The average commercial business can shut down in such an emergemcy but a hospital doesn’t dare, for lives are____ A.in circulation流通者;传播者 B.under consideration在考虑之中 C.on hand在手头, 即将发生, 在场;在手头, 在手边;现有 D.at stake危如累卵, 危险 37.As we need plain, ____food for the body, so we must have serious reading for the mind. A.wholesome卫生的, 有益的, 健康的, 有益健康的wholesome air新鲜空气a wholesome food有益健康的食品 B.diet C.tasteful D.edible edible fat食用油脂 38.He never gave much thought to the additional kilorams he had ____ lately. A.shown up揭露, 露出, 露面 B.piled up 堆积, 积累, 搁浅, 撞毁 C.put on D.taken on披上, 呈现, 具有, 雇用, 承担, 盛气凌人, 接纳, 流行 39.The teacher tried hard to read ____ handwriting in her students’s test papers. A.irregular B.illiterate C.illegible难辨认的, 字迹模糊的illegal .违法的, 不合规定的 D.irrational 无理性的, 失去理性的 40.A coronary disease is the widely-used term____ insufficiency of blood supply to the heart.
2016年 Passage one Parents are on a journey of discovery with each child whose temperament, biology, and sleep habits result in a unique sleep-wake pattern. It can be frustrating when children’s sleep habits do not conform to the household schedule. Helping the child develop good sleep habits in childhood takes time and parental attention, but it will have beneficial results throughout life. An understanding of the changing patterns of the typical sleep-wake cycle in children will help alleviate any unfounded concerns.Maintaining a sleep diary for each child will provide the parents with baseline information in assessing the nature and severity of childhood sleep problems.observant patents will come to recognize unusual sleep disruptions or those that persist or intensify. 一对父母发表了一篇关于孩子的性情（temperament：predisposition）、生理以及睡眠习惯会导致不一样睡眠-觉醒模式。当孩子的睡眠习惯不能遵从(conform to 遵从)家庭的规划时间睡眠是很困惑的一件事情。帮助孩子养成好的睡眠习惯，需要花费时间和父母的操心，但好的睡眠习惯对孩子终生受益。了解孩子典型的睡眠周期可以减少父母的无端犹豫，坚持为每个孩子写睡眠日记，能够提供最基本的信息，用来评估孩子睡眠问题的本质和严重程度。善于观察的父母就能够意识到异常睡眠的困惑所在或那些持续睡眠异常或严重的问题。Developmental changes throughout childhood bring differences in the
2013年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题及详解 试卷一（Paper One） Part I Listening Comprehension (30%) Section A Directions: In this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, you will hear a question about what is said. The question will be read only once. After you hear the question, read the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET. Listen to the following example. You will hear: Woman: I feel faint. Man: No wonder. You haven’t had a bite all day. Question: What’s the matter with the woman? You will read: A. She is sick. B. She was bitten by an ant. C. She is hungry. D. She spilled her paint.
对外经济贸易大学考博英语真题答案 Section I Use of English 1、【答案】B concluded 【解析】题干中，一系列的研究已经_____，事实上，正常体重的人的患病风险要高于超重的人。根据句义，后面的部分实际上是研究的结论，因此concluded符合题意，其他选项denied(否认)与意义相反，doubled(翻倍)与题意较远，ensured(确保)不符合题意，因为研究不能确保后面的事实，只能得出后面的事实作为结论。所以正确答案为B。 2、【答案】A protective 【解析】题干中，对于某些健康情况，超重事实上是有_____。根据前文研究的结论，超重能减少罹患疾病的风险，说明超重具有一定的保护作用。Dangerous和文章意思相反，sufficient表示充足，troublesome表示有麻烦，不符合题意，所以正确答案为A。 （PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-liu jiu qi ba QQ:772678537) 3、【答案】C likewise 【解析】第三句话中，较重的女人患缺钙的比例低于较瘦的女人。_____，在老年人中，一定程度上超重……。需要填入的是和前半句表示顺接的词语。A选项instead表示逆接的句意关系，B选项however也表示逆接，D 选项therefore表示因此，只有C选项likewise意为同样地;也，而且。因此正确答案为C。 4、【答案】A indicator 【解析】本句话中，_____，一定程度上超重，经常是健康的_____。A 选项，表示指示器，指标。B选项objective表示客观;C选项origin表示来源，D选项example表示例子。根据前面的文章内容，已经明确指出超重代表了健康，因此超重是健康的指标。因此正确答案为A。
2016年全国医学博士英语统考真题及答案下 载版 -CAL-FENGHAI-(2020YEAR-YICAI)_JINGBIAN
2016年全国医学博士英语统考答案 Listening Comprehension (30%) Section A 1. B. At three next Wednesday. 2. B. A piercing pain. 3. A. He is going to get married. 4. D. She couldn't agree with the man more. 5. A. Jack's girlfriend is mad at him. 6. B. It's wise to be prepared. 7. B. He is a trouble-maker. 8. D. $30 9. C. Work out in the gym. 10. B. 232 11. A. Mary isn't his type. 12. A. Play tennis. 13. C. In the hospital. 14. A. She is seriously ill. 15. B. She makes a living now as a landlady. Section B Dialogue 16. A. A duodenal ulcer. 17. B. Try medical means. 18. A. Overweight. 19. C. He is a heavy smoker. 20. D. Make an appointment with Dr. Oaks. Passage One 21. D. He is the creator of a website on longevity. 22. C. Women develop cardiovascular disease much later than men. 23. B. In their 60s and 70s. 24. D. Iron. 25. C. Another possibility for women's longevity. Passage Two 26. C. He struggled under the strain of poverty. 27. B. He is an investment advisor. 28. D. Fear.
对外经济贸易大学考博英语真题解析Directions: Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET.(10points) Thinner isn’t always better.A number of studies have__1___that normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those who are overweight.And there are health conditions for which being overweight is actually___2___.For example,heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women. ___3___among the elderly,being somewhat overweight is often an ___4___of good health. Of even greater___5___is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define.It is often defined___6___body mass index, or BMI.BMI___7__body mass divided by the square of height.An adult with a BMI of18to25is often considered to be normal weight.Between 25and30is overweight.And over30is considered obese.Obesity, ___8___,can be divided into moderately obese,severely obese,and very severely obese. （PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-liu jiu qi ba QQ:772678537) While such numerical standards seem9,they are not.Obesity is probably less a matter of weight than body fat.Some people with a high BMI are in fact extremely fit,10others with a low BMI may be in poor11.For example,many collegiate and professional football players12as obese,though their percentage body fat is low. Conversely,someone with a small frame may have high body fat but a
国家医学考试中心2005年病理学（博士全国统考题） 一、简答题（20）： 1.肿瘤的定义，肿瘤与反应性增生的区别和联系。 2.乙性脑炎的镜下病理改变。 3.乳头状甲状腺癌的病理特点。 4.列举导致心、肺、肠、脑等坏死的疾病，及坏死类型。 二、论述题（40）： 1.举例五种肉芽肿性疾病，病理特点及具有诊断价值的病理改变。 2.原发性肺结核的病变特点、病理变化过程、预后。 3.病例分析：一个典型的慢性支气管炎--肺气肿--肺心病--合并上呼吸道感染--右心衰的病变过程，病理变化与临床表现的联系。 4.多在半年内可痊愈的肝炎，问其属于哪一型肝炎？结合病理特点，分析为何可在半年内痊愈？ 协和医科大学2005年血液内科（博士） 协和医科大学2005年血液内科（博士） 一、名词解释（30分）： APS、WAS、PRCA、HES、ALIP、LGLL、VOD、PV、TPO、MALT 二、填空（？分记不清了） 1.已发现与遗传性出血性毛细血管扩张症相关的基因有（）（）（）（）。 2.WHO将MDS分为（）（）（）（）（）（）（）七类。 3.先天性再生障碍性贫血包括（）（）（）。 4.遗传球主要的分子病变涉及（）（）（）（）。 5.EPO在胚胎期由（）合成，成体则主要由（）合成。 6.WHO关于伴有重现性细胞遗传学异常的AML分类为（）（）（）（）。 7.国际多发性骨髓瘤工作组在MM新的分期标准中采用的两项客观指标为（）（）。 8.国际组织细胞协会将langerhans细胞组织细胞增多症分为单系统疾病和多系统疾病。其中单系统疾病中的单部位型有（）（）（），多部位型有（）（）。 9.诊断幼年型粒单细胞白血病的最低实验室标准有（）（）（）。 10.MYH-9相关性疾病包括（）（）（）（）（）。 11.VitK依赖的凝/抗凝因子包括（）（）（）（）（）（）（）。 12.Gaucher病分为（）（）（），Nieman-Pick病A/B型为（）缺乏所致，C型为（）缺乏所致。 13.Downey将传单患者异型淋巴分为（）（）（）。 14.B淋巴细胞在发育过程中首先表达的免疫球蛋白为（），其次为（）。 15.CD34基因在染色体体定位为（），相应的受体为（）。 16.Hodgdin's病的四种病理亚型为（）（）（）（）。
作文题目：学会呼吸能长寿。 生命离不开呼吸。人每分每秒都在进行呼吸运动，但你却未必呼吸得正确。英国一项研究显示，90%以上的成年人都不会有意识地调节呼吸。而据我国呼吸科专家统计，城市中一半以上人呼吸方式不正确，短浅的呼吸不仅让许多人大脑缺氧，容易疲惫，而且还容易诱发多种疾病！深呼吸的几大好处 那么，做腹式深呼吸有哪些好处呢？首先，深呼吸能防治呼吸系统疾病。常见的呼吸系统疾病包括慢性支气管炎、哮喘、肺气肿等。这些病人的肺部都处于无弹性和扩张状态，影响肺活量。而进行深呼吸，能逐步增大肌肉收缩力，有利于胸、肺的有效扩张，增强肋间肌活力，可以逐步恢复其弹性和肺活量，从而达到治疗和缓解病情的目的。 再次，深呼吸能帮助人们减压，缓解失眠症状。北京体育大学运动医学教授陆一帆表示，当人们主动调节呼吸的深度和频率，就能有效放松绷紧的神经，舒缓焦虑的心情。一些因为压力造成的颈部疼痛，通过瑜伽时的呼吸练习，疼痛感将会减弱。失眠的人也可用呼吸法来帮助入睡。通过降低呼吸节奏、平缓呼吸，能减轻失眠症状。 其次，深呼吸还可防治高血压。这是日本自治医科大学北村谕教授试验的一种深呼吸降血压法，其原理是人的肺部有被称为肺泡的小袋状物，大约有3亿个。在一般呼吸的情况下，只有其中的80％—90％能充分地工作，剩下的肺泡处于浪费状态。如果采用深呼吸，就可以使剩下的肺泡工作起来。当采用胸部深呼吸的时候，位于肺上部的肺泡开放；而在腹式深呼吸时，肺下部的肺泡也打开了。工作中所有的肺泡都在产生前列腺素，而且通过深呼吸还可使原来就在工作的80％—90％的肺泡产生比原来更多的前列腺素。这样，更多的前列腺素进入血管，从而使血管扩张，血压降低。每天早中晚三次，每次10分钟就有效果。 最重要的是，深呼吸能促进健康长寿。美国学者希尔在《从呼吸索取生命力》一文中指出：“有控制地深呼吸练习，可使大脑尽快消除疲劳，可以调节神经系统，使人轻松舒畅。深呼吸之所以有这样大的作用，在于正常人每次吸进与呼出的气体量只有400毫升—500毫升，而做一次最深的呼吸，男性可达到3500毫升，女性可达到2500毫升，相当于通常吸气的8倍，从而使生命获得大量的能源。” 如何学会正确呼吸 怎样才能学会正确呼吸呢？最关键的有两点，陆一帆指出，一是要缓和吸，也就是吸气的时候，要均匀缓慢，尽量深吸，让气体能充满肺泡；二是要用力吐，吐的干净，这样才能将废弃全部排出体外，保障交换的气体多一些。最科学的呼吸方法为：“吸——停（屏气10—20秒钟）——呼”的呼吸形式，可使副交感神经兴奋性增强，也可使肠鸣次数增加，有利于消化吸收，从而有益于健康长寿。 龙村修提倡的呼吸法，则是以深长的腹式呼吸为基础，逐步使肺、肋骨、横膈膜等肌肉群在呼吸时运动到最大幅度，让空气充满肺部的“全体呼吸法”。“刚开始虽要刻意练习，最终目标却是融入生活，各种姿势和动作都结合呼吸法去做。”龙村修表示，如此将更能掌握身体的力量和节奏，提高效率。例如用呼吸法攀登高山时，比较不会出现头痛等高山症状；打高尔夫挥杆能挥得更远。这种呼吸方法，在公车上、走路时、工作间隙，或者对着公园的树都能练习。尤其面对突如其来的负面情境时，呼吸法更能适时调节身心、稳定情绪。