Useful expressions for writing(非打印)

4.狂妄自大 5.有一个很好的例子可以 arrogant insistence on our own importance 5. There is a good case that… 6. a multi-ethnic, multicultural, transnational entity 7. It makes more sense to point out 8. boast of
More
Active reading 2: Resources
Useful expressions
1.我们所谓的激动人心的时代 2.前所未有的、让人眼花缭乱 的变化
1. our supposedly exciting times 2. unprecedented, dazzling change
3. It is …that leads us into this kind 3.让我们有这种论调的正是缘自… of talk.
9. rescue operations
Active reading 2: Resources
Useful expressions
1.联合专栏 2.一个男人的身影 3.青少年联盟 4.上流社会 5.心地善良 6.选举权 7.仕途越来越顺利
1. syndicated column 2. a figure of a man 3. the Junior League
16.巨大的变化
Active reading 1: Resources
Useful expressions
1.有一点儿进展 2.站在那里一动不动 3.过山车 4.被困其中 5.把自己的人生 都回顾了那样 6.令人胆战心惊的瞬间 7.中队长 8.纽约消防局 9.救援队 1. make a dent 2. dead solid still 3. thrill ride 4. stuck in the middle 5. in any kind of life-flashingbefore-my-eyes sort of way 6. chilling moment 7. battalion commander 8. New York Fire Department

10.know better: behave in a more sensible and acceptable way He is old enough to know better. 他很明事理，不至于以貌取人。 He knows better than to judge by appearances. Pattern: know better than sb. know better than to do sth.
2) v. risk (money) on the result of a future event
I bet on the wrong horse. It lost the race.
6.hand down: give or leave to people who are younger or come later
13. 善意的 14. 前来帮助某人
come to sb.’s rescue
15. 极其熟练、温和地 with extreme facility and gentleness 16. 适用于 17. 发展到 18. 发展创造力 19. 值得追求的目标 apply to
evolve to
promote creativity worthwhile goals
15. 转折点 16. 与„形成对比
a turning point in contrast to focus on a sense of belonging go through a rough time a lingering smile be thankful for the lowest income bracket the gift of creativity
Unit 2 Useful Expressions 1. 面临，遭遇 2. 仰头向上看 3. 填写 4. 属于 5. 仅仅，不多于，不强于„ 6. 转瞬即逝的念头 7. 磨损，损耗 be confronted with look up at

2. This paper proceeds as follow.3. The structure of the paper is as follows.4. In this paper, we shall first briefly introduce fuzzy sets and related concepts5. To begin with we will provide a brief background on theIntroduction1. This will be followed by a description of the fuzzy nature of the problem and a detailed presentation of how the required membership functions are defined.2. Details on xx and xx are discussed in later sections.3. In the next section, after a statement of the basic problem, various situations involving possibility knowledge are investigated: first, an entirely possibility model is proposed; then the cases of a fuzzy service time with stochastic arrivals and non fuzzy service rule is studied; lastly, fuzzy service rule are considered.Review1. This review is followed by an introduction.2. A brief summary of some of the relevant concepts in xxx and xxx is presented in Section 2.3. In the next section, a brief review of the .... is given.4. In the next section, a short review of ... is given with special regard to ...5. Section 2 reviews relevant research related to xx.6. Section 1.1 briefly surveys the motivation for a methodology of action, while 1.2 looks at the difficulties posed by the complexity of systems and outlines the need for development of possibility methods.Body1. Section 1 defines the notion of robustness, and argues for its importance.2. Section 1 devoted to the basic aspects of the FLC decision making logic.3. Section 2 gives the background of the problem which includes xxx4. Section 2 discusses some problems with and approaches to, natural language understanding.5. Section 2 explains how flexibility which often ... can be expressed in terms of fuzzy time window6. Section 3 discusses the aspects of fuzzy set theory that are used in the ...7. Section 3 describes the system itself in a general way, including the ….. and also discusses how to evaluate system performance.8. Section 3 describes a new measure of xx.9. Section 3 demonstrates the use of fuzzy possibility theory in theanalysis of xx10. Section 3 is a fine description of fuzzy formulation of human decision.11. Section 3, is developed to the modeling and processing of fuzzy decision rules12. The main idea of the FLC is described in Section 3 while Section 4 describes the xx strategies.13. Section 3 and 4 show experimental studies for verifying the proposed model.14. Section 4 discusses a previous fuzzy set based approach to cost variance investigation.15. Section 4 gives a specific example of xxx.16. Section 4 is the experimental study to make a fuzzy model of memory process.17. Section 4 contains a discussion of the implication of the results of Section 2 and 3.18. Section 4 applies this fuzzy measure to the analysis of xx and illustrate its use on experimental data.19. Section 5 presents the primary results of the paper: a fuzzy set model ..20. Section 5 contains some conclusions plus some ideas for further work.21. Section 6 illustrates the model with an example.22. Various ways of justification and the reasons for their choice are discussed very briefly in Section 2.23. In Section 2 are presented the block diagram expression of a whole model of human DM system24. In Section 2 we shall list a collection of basic assumptions whicha ... scheme must satisfy.25. In Section 2 of this paper, we present representation and uniqueness theorems for the fundamental measurement of fuzziness when the domain of discourse is order dense.26. In Section 3, we describe the preliminary results of an empirical study currently in progress to verify the measurement model and to construct membership functions.27. In Section 5 is analyzed the inference process through the two kinds of inference experimentsThis Section1. In this section, the characteristics and environment under which MRP is designed are described.2. We will provide in this section basic terminologies and notations which are necessary for the understanding of subsequent results.Next Section2. The next section describes the mathematics that goes into thecomputer implementation of such fuzzy logic statements.3. However, it is cumbersome for this purpose and in practical applications the formulae were rearranged and simplified as discussed in the next section.4. The three components will be described in the next two section, and an example of xx analysis of a computer information system will then illustrate their use.5. We can interpret the results of Experiments I and II as in the following sections.6. The next section summarizes the method in a from that is useful for arguments based on xSummary1. This paper concludes with a discussion of future research consideration in section 5.2. Section 5 summarizes the results of this investigation.3. Section 5 gives the conclusions and future directions of research.4. Section 7 provides a summary and a discussion of some extensions of the paper.5. Finally, conclusions and future work are summarized6. The basic questions posed above are then discussed and conclusions are drawn.7. Section 7 is the conclusion of the paper.Chapter 0. Abstract1. A basic problem in the design of xx is presented by the choice of a xx rate for the measurement of experimental variables.2. This paper examines a new measure of xx in xx based on fuzzy mathematics which overcomes the difficulties found in other xx measures.3. This paper describes a system for the analysis of the xx.4. The method involves the construction of xx from fuzzy relations.5. The procedure is useful in analyzing how groups reach a decision.6. The technique used is to employ a newly developed and versatile xx algorithm.7. The usefulness of xx is also considered.8. A brief methodology used in xx is discussed.9. The analysis is useful in xx and xx problem.10. A model is developed for a xx analysis using fuzzy matrices.11. Algorithms to combine these estimates and produce a xx are presented and justified.12. The use of the method is discussed and an example is given.13. Results of an experimental applications of this xx analysis procedure are given to illustrate the proposed technique.14. This paper analyses problems in15. This paper outlines the functions carried out by ...16. This paper includes an illustration of the ...17. This paper provides an overview and information useful for approaching18. Emphasis is placed on the construction of a criterion function by which the xx in achieving a hierarchical system of objectives are evaluated.19. The main emphasis is placed on the problem of xx20. Our proposed model is verified through experimental study.21. The experimental results reveal interesting examples of fuzzy phases of: xx, xx22. The compatibility of a project in terms of cost, and xx are likewise represented by linguistic variables.23. A didactic example is included to illustrate the computational procedureChapter 1. IntroductionTime1. Over the course of the past 30 years, .. has emerged form intuitive2. Technological revolutions have recently hit the industrial world3. The advent of ... systems for has had a significant impact on the4. The development of ... is explored5. During the past decade, the theory of fuzzy sets has developed in avariety of directions6.The concept of xx was investigated quite intensively in recent years7. There has been a turning point in ... methodology in accordance with the advent of ...8. A major concern in ... today is to continue to improve...9. A xx is a latecomer in the part representation arena.10. At the time of this writing, there is still no standard way of xx11. Although a lot of effort is being spent on improving these weaknesses, the efficient and effective method has yet to be developed.12. The pioneer work can be traced to xx [1965].13. To date, none of the methods developed is perfect and all are far from ready to be used in commercial systems.Objective / Goal / Purpose1. The purpose of the inference engine can be outlined as follows:2. The ultimate goal of the xx system is to allow the non experts to utilize the existing knowledge in the area of manual handling of loads, and to provide intelligent, computer aided instruction for xxx.3. The paper concerns the development of a xx4. The scope of this research lies in5. The main theme of the paper is the application of rule based decision making.6. These objectives are to be met with such thoroughness andconfidence as to permit ...7. The objectives of the ... operations study are as follows:8. The primary purpose/consideration/objective of9. The ultimate goal of this concept is to provide10. The main objective of such a ... system is to11. The aim of this paper is to provide methods to construct such probability distribution.12. In order to achieve these objectives, an xx must meet the following requirements:13. In order to take advantage of their similarity14. more research is still required before final goal of ... can be completed15. In this trial, the objective is to generate...16. for the sake of concentrating on ... research issues17. A major goal of this report is to extend the utilization of a recently developed procedure for the xx.18. For an illustrative purpose, four well known OR problems are studied in presence of fuzzy data: xx.19. A major thrust of the paper is to discuss approaches and strategies for structuring ..methods20. This illustration points out the need to specify21. The ultimate goal is both descriptive and prescriptive.22. Chapter 2. Literature Review23. A wealth of information is to be found in the statistics literature, for example, regarding xx24. A considerable amount of research has been done .. during the last decade25. A great number of studies report on the treatment of uncertainties associated with xx.26. There is considerable amount of literature on planning27. However, these studies do not provide much attention to uncertainty in xx.28. Since then, the subject has been extensively explored and it is still under investigation as well inmethodological aspects as in concrete applications.29. Many research studies have been carried out on this topic.30. Problem of xx draws recently more and more attention of system analysis.31. Attempts to resolve this dilemma have resulted in the development of32. Many complex processes unfortunately, do not yield to this design procedure and have, therefore, not yet been automated.33. Most of the methods developed so far are deterministic and /or probabilistic in nature.34. The central issue in all these studies is to35. The problem of xx has been studied by other investigators, however, these studies have been based upon classical statistical approaches.38. Developed an algorithm to39. Developed a system called ... which40. Uses an iterative algorithm to deduce41. Emphasized the need to42. Identifies six key issues surrounding high technology43. A comprehensive study of the... has been undertaken44. Much work has been reported recently in these filed45. Proposed/Presented/State that/Described/Illustrated/Indicated/Has shown / showed/Address/Highlights46. Point out that the problem of47. A study on ...was done / developed by []48. Previous work, such as [] and [], deal only with49. The approach taken by [] is50. The system developed by [] consists51. A paper relevant to this research was published by []52. []'s model requires consideration of...53. []' model draws attention to evolution in human development54. []'s model focuses on...55. Little research has been conducted in applying ... to56. The published information that is relevant to this research...57. This study further shows that58. Their work is based on the principle of59. More history of ... can be found in xx et al. [1979].60. Studies have been completed to established61. The ...studies indicated that62. Though application of xx in the filed of xx has proliferated in recent years, effort in analyzing xx, especially xx, is lacking.Problem / Issue / Question63. Unfortunately, real-world engineering problems such as manufacturing planning do not fit well with this narrowly defined model. They tend to span broad activities and require consideration of multiple aspects.64. Remedy / solve / alleviate these problems67. ... is a difficult problem, yet to be adequately resolved68. Two major problems have yet to be addressed69. An unanswered question76. It is expected to be serious barrier to70. This problem in essence involves using x to obtain a solution.71. An additional research issue to be tackled is ....72. Some important issues in developing a ... system are discussed73. The three prime issues can be summarized:74. The situation leads to the problem of how to determine the ...75. There have been many attempts to76. It is expected to be serious barrier to77. It offers a simple solution in a limited domain for a complext。

Useful Expressions 6. 最终目的 7.要做的动作 8. 所希望的结果 9.关键 10.育儿观
ultimate purpose
desired action desirable outcome critical point value of child rearing
Useful Expressions 11. 弥补某种错误行为 make up for a misdeed in retrospect
evolve to promote creativity worthwhile goals
19.值得追求的目标
Useful Expressions ( unit 3 )
1.舞台前方 2.对观众说话 3.到头来让人尴尬
the edge of the stage
address the audience
3.像雄鹰一样翱翔 4.每隔一天
5.农场杂活
Useful Expressions
6.有一次
on one occasion
on one’s feet
7.站着
8.似乎没有意识到 9.仰面躺着 10. 对……惭愧
seem unaware of
lie on one’s back be ashamed of
Hale Waihona Puke a lack of discipline
cyber-interaction be confronted with be dressed appropriately be bad-tempered
7. 网络交际
8.面对 9.穿着得体 10. 坏脾气
Useful Expressions
11. 在此状态下
Useful Expressions ( unit 7 )

Notice writing•书写通知正文时要注意的几点•(1)内容要简洁、清楚。

例如，会议通知要写清时间、地点、出席人员，必要时还可以写明会议内容。

•(2)多采用被动语态，人称用第三人称。

如：•①All the students of the Computer Department are required to meet…•②A lecture on linguistics will be given by Professor Xiao…•(3)为了能引起广泛的注意，正文起首常标以“ATTENTION"字样或以“Attention，please"开头。

如：•ATTENTION，A visit to…•(4)放假通知应写明放假天数及收假日期。

如：•①Tomorrow being National Day，there will be no work for seven days．•②Work will be resumed on Oct.8．Letter writingBeginning of a letter:•I would like sth•I would like to do•We learn from ABC & Co. Ltd, New York that …•I am writing to ask if …Ending of a letter:Thanking you for …•We await your early reply.•I am looking forward to sth/doing sthShowing thanks:•Thank you for•I would be most grateful if you could …•We should be obliged if you could …•I would appreciate it if you could …Marking criteria for practical writing•从格式、内容、语言以及语言得体性四方面进行评分.2006年英语专业四级考试便条写作评分标准•格式2分•日期：右上角, April 23, 2006 / 23 April, 2006 / 23/4/2006/ 4/23/2006 称呼在日期下一行左侧，Dear Michael, / Dear Michael: / Michael, / Michael:结尾右下方,Truly yours, / Yours truly,/ Yours sincerely, / Sincerely yours, / Yours, •凡不符合上述正确格式或要求均扣1分(结束语和谦称在同一行,人名没写或用xx表示等扣一分).•内容3分•涵盖organizing + interest + two details三项内容少一点扣一分,最多扣3分;两个细节需要有所展开,若只是提到when and where扣1分。

Useful Expressions in Writing and Spoken In effect/super-helpful=exceedingly helpfulEmploy examples to support one’s ideaIrrespective of sth/rich sourcesAn effective piece of evidence/fulfill the following requirementswell-chosen examplesSth is guided onto the right trackWe are awed/amazed/astonished/astoundedLong span of time/as much to one’s shameSth carries the trend towards..(引领潮流)We clutch lingeringly and lovingly to sth/in this difference lies the contrast between...In a wider perspective/from a broader viewpointbring sth to an endTo the core=in every way/through and through/completely/influential=far-reachingGenerally, it comes in bits and pieces/sth be deeply ingrained in sth/Sth has become an inevitable and ordinary part of daily life/sufficient perspective=enough comprehensive point of view/without exceptionTo a great extent/enchanting=attractive/accumulate=gradually collect/the only child/be isolated from sthHelp them grow to the fullest extent of their abilities and capacities/far from reliable/pay dividends=bring benefits/be endowed with sth/driving motivesBe foreign to sb/for keeps=for good/lifeBe exempt from the strains and tensions/mass production/with the sight of ragsIt may well be that(很可能)/great confidence builder Shades of meaning=slight differences in meaningFor a year to the day=for exactly a year/cleanly=squarely=exactlyIn short runs=in short periods of time/at a stretch= without stoppingbe in harmony withRoll into one=mingle togetherInnocent of=without=not haveA case in point=Here is a typical examplepin down=讲清楚Get somewhere=achieve success/make progressIn full stride=very calmlyTake something in stride=do something calmlyIn lieu of=in place of/ instead ofBy any chance=perhaps/possiblyAttest to=to be proof of/to demonstrateTake high honors=do very well/earn good distinction Straight out=solveThe moment of truth=a time when a person is tested,a decision has to be made, or a crisis has to be faced. Cause a few ripples=cause some excitementsOwn up to=admit/social strain=pressure from society Be given to doing sth=be in the habit of doing sth/have a tendency to do sth.All humanity=all mankindIn no slight degree=to a large extentTake an aesthetic pleasure in doing sth=enjoy doing sth with excitement/be emotionally satisfied at doing sthBe compatible with=(of two things) be able to exist or occur together without conflict.Stave off=keep way(esp. for a short time)A brief spell=a short period of time.Every day or thereabouts=almost every dayFor better or worse=whatever happens/whether one likes it or notAsserts itself=shows its importanceBe alienated from=become estranged or separateTo the detriment of=causing harm or danger toClamber up=climb up using both the hands and feet with difficultyTake liberties with=treat sth freely, without strict observance of the factTake to=begin as a practice or habitAdd up to=equal to=amount toA 50-50 toss-up=a situation in which the twoalternatives or options are equally possibleTo date=up to the presentCash in on 从中获利，利用See to it that... 务必做到...，相当于make sure that/make certain thatIn due course=in due time=in timeTake sth into account in all seriousnessConform to=comply with=accord withWith the view of...以...为目的/viz.即，就是(拉丁语) namelyToll-free number 免费电话As far as one’s information goes/as far as one knows/to one’s knowledgeAssure sb of sth/assure sb thatIn compliance with =in line withBe/get well acquainted with sth/avail oneself of...A crowning idea= a most perfect idea/lend supportto=give support toMake allowance for=take (sth) into consideration when planning/treat(someone) leniently on account of some special situationIn the same vein=in the same styleMeasure up to =reach the standard toHigh-flown=extravagant and high-soundingBulge with=be so full of something as to swell in size Grapple with=try very hard to deal withTake one’s cue from...=follow the advice or example of...The current fuss and bother=the present-day worry and anxietyIn good faith=honestly and sincerelyPretty much=(informal) very nearly, almostAre of a piece=are like each other in characterWe live too much on top of each other=we live too close to each otherThe greatest pitch of happiness=the highest degree of happinessAny burning in the blood=and strong desires that you have。

附录Useful Expressions and Sample SentencesⅠKnowledge and Education1. Education has become an essential part of one’s life.教育已成为人们一生中的重要组成部分。

2. The prosperity of a nation depends on the development of education.一个国家的繁荣依靠教育的发展。

3. There seems to be a growing tendency of life-long education for all.全民的终身教育似乎越来越成为教育的发展趋势。

4. Though great changes have taken place in China in the field of education, there is still acomparatively great part of the population of the country who cannot read and write.在中国，尽管我们的教育发生了很大的变化，但是仍然有很多的农村人口不识字。

5. Most colleges admit students on the basis of their Entrance Examination records.大多数高等院校根据学生的入学考试成绩录取学生。

6. Education begins its work with the first breath of the child.当孩子一开始呼吸时，教育就开始了。

7. Education is a progressive discovery of our ignorance.教育是一个逐步发现自己无知的过程。

8. Knowledge advances by steps not by leaps.知识的获得是循序渐进而不是突飞猛进的。

Useful Expressions in CET4 Writing:Expressions for beginning:Compared with cars, bicycles have many advantages.I think one of the main problems with today’s education is that we place too much emphasis on test scores. Different people have different attitudes towards…Energy can be saved by various means.Many social problems deserve our attention.Expressions for transition/starting illustration:Why do more and more teenagers smoke? The reasons are as follows.The above analysis naturally leads us to the following possible solutions to the problem.There are at least three reasons why so many children have dropped out of school.Expressions for ending:Thus effective measures should be taken immediately.Government should enact strict laws to prevent people from…Therefore, it is urgent for the government to take immediate measures to solve the problem of water shortage Only by adopting these measures can we reduce the fake commodities.Though it is hard to do away with this convention, it is worth trying.Other expressions:As a matter of fact, there are many other factors that have something to do with a student’s performance, among which his state of mind is most important.As we can see from the table,….All are equal before the law.The advantages far outweigh the disadvantages.The advanced will always replace the backward.Achieve just the opposite to what one wishes.开头段的常用核心句：●As opposed to generally accepted views, I believe that …●The arguer may be right about…, but he seems to neglect to mention the fact that ….●Although it is commonly agreed that …, it is unlikely to be true that ….●There is an element of truth in this statement, but it ignores a deeper and more basic fact that ….●In all the discussion and debate over …, one important fact is generally overlooked.●On the surface (At first thought), it (this) may seem a sound (an attractive) suggestion (solution / idea), butcareful weighing on the mind (on closer analysis / on second thought), we find that …●Although many people believe that …, I wonder whether the argument bears much analysis.●The danger (problem / fact / truth / point) is that….●I agree with the above statement because I believe that ….●There is a public controversy nowadays over the issue of …. Those who object to …argue that …. Butpeople who favor …, on the other hand, argue that….●Currently (In recent years / In the past few years / For many years now), there is (has been) a general(widespread / growing / widely held) feeling towards (concern over / attitude towards / trend towards/ awareness of / realization of / illusion of / belief in)….●As far as I am concerned, however, I believe that ….●Now it is commonly (widely / generally / increasingly) believed (thought / held / accepted/ felt / recognized /acknowledged) that …. But I wonder (doubt) whether …结尾段常用的的核心句型●From what has been discussed above (Taking into account all these factors / Judging from all evidenceoffered), we may safely draw (reach / come to / arrive at) the conclusion that ….●All the evidence (analysis) supports (justifies / confirms / warrants / points to) a(n) unshakable (unmistakable/ sound / just) conclusion that ….●It is high time that we placed (put) great (special / considerable) emphasis on the improvement (development /increase / promotion) of ….●It is high time that we put an end to the deep-seated (unhealthy / undesirable / deplorable) situation (tendency/ phenomenon) of ….●We must look (search / call / cry) for an immediate action (method / measure), because the present (current)situation (phenomenon / tendency / state / attitude) of …, if permitted (allowed) to continue (proceed), will surely (certainly) lead to (result in) the end (destruction / heavy cost) of ….●There is no easy (immediate / effective) solution (approach / answer / remedy) to the problem of …, but …might be useful (helpful / beneficial).●No easy method (solution / recipe / remedy) can be at hand (found / guaranteed) to solve (resolve / tackle) theproblem of …, but the common (general / public) recognition of (realization of / awareness of / commitment to) the necessity (importance / significance) of … might be the first step towards change (on the right way / in the right direction).●Following these methods (suggestions) may not guarantee the success in (solution to)…, but the pay-off willbe worth the effort.●Obviously (Clearly / No doubt), if we ignore (are blind to) the problem, there is every chance that ….●Unless there is a common realization of (general commitment to) …, it is very likely (the chances are good)that ….●There is little doubt (no denying) that serious (special / adequate / immediate / further) attention must becalled (paid / devoted) to the problem of ….●It is necessary (essential / fundamental) that effective (quick / proper) action (steps /measures / remedies)should be taken to prevent (correct /check / end / fight) the situation (tendency / phenomenon).●It is hoped (suggested / recommended) that great (continuous / persistent / sustained / corporate) effortsshould be made to control (check/ halt / promote) the growth (increase / rise) of ….●It is hoped that great efforts should be directed to (expended on / focused on) finding (developing /improving) ….●It remains to be seen whether …, but the prospect (outlook) is not quite encouraging (that rosy).●Anyhow, wider (more) education (publicity) should be given to the possible (potential / grave /serious /pernicious) consequences (effects) of ….●To reverse (check / control) the trend (tendency) is not a light task (an easy job), and it requires (demands /involves / entails) a different state of mind towards (attitude towards / outlook on) ….●For these reasons, I strongly recommend that ….●For the reasons given above, I feel that ….中间段常用的的核心句型●Although the popular belief is that …, a current (new / recent) study (survey / poll / investigation) indicates(shows / demonstrates) that ….●Common sense tells us that ….●The increase (change / failure / success) in … mainly (largely / partly) results from (arises from / is becauseof) ….●The increase (change / failure / success) in … is due to (owing to / attributable to) the fact that ….●Many people would claim that ….●One may attribute (ascribe / owe) the increase (decrease / change ) to …, but … is not by itself an adequateexplanation.●One of the reasons given for … is that ….●What is also worth noticing is that ….●There are many (different / several /a number of / a variety of)causes (reasons) for this dramatic (marked /significant) growth (change / decline / increase) in …. First, …. Second, …. Finally, ….●There is no evidence to suggest that….●Why are (is / do / did) …? For one thing, …. For another, ….●Another reason why I dispute the above statement is that ….●It gives rise to (lead to / bring /create) a host of problems (consequences).●There are numerous reasons why …, and I shall here explore only a few of the most important ones.●It will exert (have / produce) profound (far-reaching / remarkable / considerable / beneficial / favorable /undesirable / disastrous) effect (influence) on ….●A multitude of factors could account for (contribute to / lead to / result in / influence) the change (increase /decrease / success / failure / development) in ….●In 2000, it increased (rose / jumped / shot up) from 5 to 10 percent of the total (to 15 percent / by 15percent).●By comparison with 2002, it decreased (dropped / fell) from 10 to 5 percent (to 15 percent / by 15 percent).●It accounts for 15 percent of the total.●There were 100 traffic accidents in April, an increase of 5 percent in a five-month period.●By 2002, only (less than / more than / almost / about / over/ as many as) three quarters (40 percent of / oneout of five / one in four) college population (graduates / housewives) as against (as compared with) last year (2002) preferred to (liked) ….●With the development (improvement / rise / growth / general recognition / acknowledgement / realization)of …, vast changes awaits this country’s society.●Now people in growing (ever-increasing / significant) numbers are beginning (coming / getting) to believe(realize / recognize / understand / accept / see / be aware) that ….●According to a(n) recent (new / official) study (survey / report / poll), ….●History (Our society) is filled (abounds) with the examples of ….●The story (case / instance / situation) is not rare (isolated / unique), it is one of many examples (typical ofdozens).●A(one) recent (new / general / nationwide) study (survey / poll / investigation) conducted (taken) at auniversity by (officials / scientists / experts) indicates (reveals / suggests / shows / proves / demonstrates) that ….●According to (As can be seen in / As is shown in) the figures (statistics / findings / data / graph / table)released (provided) by the government (an institute), it can be learned (seen / predicted) that ….●There is (no) good (every / little / sufficient / considerable / strong) evidence (proof) to●Personal experience (Examples I heard / read of) leads me to conclude that ….●We must admit the undeniable fact that ….●No one can deny (ignore / doubt / overlook / obscure / brush aside) the fact that ….●Experience (Evidence) suggests (shows) that ….●Take for example … who (that) ….●The same is true of ….●As the saying goes, “….”句子的“启、承、转、合”常用句型和结构“启”It is often said that…Generally speaking…As the proverb says…It goes without saying that…It is clear/obvious that…Many people often ask …“承”It is true that…Everybody knows that…It can be easily proved that…No one can deny that…One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is…The chief reason why …is that …We must recognize that…There is no doubt that…I am of the opinion that…This can be expressed as follows…Take…as an example (instance) …Therefore we should realize that …We have reason to believe that…We know that…What is more serious is that…“转”Another special consideration in this case is that …However, …Therefore…Besides, we should not neglect that…But the problem is not so simple, …But it is a pity that…On the other hand, …I do not believe that…Perhaps you’ll ask why…This may be true, but we still have a problem with regard to…Though we are in basic agreement with …The trouble seems that…Y et differences will be found, that’s why I feel that…So long as you regard this as reasonable, you may…“合”In a word, …In sum, …In conclusion, …From this point of view, …On account of this we can find that …The result is dependent on …Therefore, these findings reveal the following information…Thus, this is the reason why we must…CET4 Writing 常用过渡词总结关系过渡词语：generally speaking, generally, as a general rule, in general, on a larger scale, to take the idea further, to take the above opinion to an extreme, in a sense, in one sense, in a way, to some extent, in my opinion, in my view, as for me, as far as I am concerned, obviously, undoubtedly, in terms of, in conclusion, in short, in brief, in summary, in a word, on the whole, to sum up, to conclude比较对比关系过渡词语：similarly, likewise, like, too, equally important, the same as, in common, in the same way, on the contrary, on the one hand, on the other hand, otherwise, in sharp contrast, whereas, rather than, conversely, instead, in/by contrast, but, however, yet, nevertheless列举关系过渡词语：for example, for instance, as an example, as a case in point, such as, namely, that is, like, thus, first, second, third, finally, in the first place, initially, first of all, to begin with, to start with, what is more, furthermore, eventually, besides, in addition (to that), first and foremost, last but not least, next, also, moreover, for one thing, for another因果关系过渡词语：because (of), as, since, for, owing to, due to, thanks to, on account of, as a result of, result in (from), consequently, for the reason that, as a consequence, consequently, it follows that, accordingly, therefore, hence让步关系过渡词语：although, even though, after all, in spite of, despite, granted that强调关系过渡词语：anyway, certainly, surely, obviously, to be sure, especially, particularly, above all, in deed, in fact, even worse, needless to say, most important of all, no doubt递进关系：in addition, furthermore, also, moreover, besides, again, and, likewise, what's more时间顺序：afterwards, at last, at length, immediately, in the meantime, lately, meanwhile, presently, shortly, since, soon, temporarily, thereafter, while方位序列：in front of, beside, beyond, above, below, inside, outside, on the left, on the right方式手段：as, as if, as though, the way，by目的关系：that, so that, lest, in case, for fear that, in order that。

fried rice with egg
rice and vegetable roll
clay oven rolls
soybean milk
fried bread stick
sweet potato congee
egg cake
steamed dumplings
Chinese Food: breakfast
11
Tourist attractions
• • • • • • • • • • 故宫 紫禁城 天坛 颐和园 长城 承德避暑山庄 黄鹤楼 黄山 岳阳楼 苏州园林 The Imperial Palace The Forbidden City Temple of Heaven The Summer Palace The Great Wall The Mountain Resort in Chengde|Yellow Crane Tower Huangshan Mountain Yueyang Tower Suzhou Gardens 12
Festivals
• • • • • • 8月12日国际青年节(International Youth Day) 9月10日中国教师节 (Teacher's Day) 10月1日中华人民共和国国庆 (National Day) 10月31日万圣节前夜 (Halloween) 11月最后一个星期四感恩节 (Thanksgiving Day) 12月25日圣诞节 (Christmas Day)
16
Falling ill
•He feels headache, nausea and vomiting. 他觉得头痛、恶 心和想吐。 •He is under the weather. 他不舒服，生病了。 •He feels light-headed. 他觉得头晕。 •Her head is pounding. 她头痛。 •His symptoms ['simptəm] include loss of appetite['æ pitait], weight loss, excessive fatigue [fə'ti:ɡ], fever and chills. 他的 症状包括没有食欲、体重减轻、非常疲倦、发烧和发冷。 •He feels exhausted or fatigued most of the time. 他大部份 时间都觉得非常疲倦。 •He feels drowsy ['draʊzɪ], dizzy and nauseated. ['nɔ:zieitid] 他觉得昏昏欲睡，头晕目眩和想吐。 •He feels as though everything around him is spinning. 他感 到周围的东西都在打转。 17

Unit 1骄兵必败pride comes before a fall战无不胜nothing could stand in their way奋勇抵抗fierce resistance阴冷凄苦的俄罗斯寒冬a raw, bitter, bleak Russian winter堪称无敌be unequaled向…发动进攻launch an attack against…痛苦的教训 a painful lesson速决速胜 a quick, decisive victory让某人吃惊的是to sb.'s surprise面临着一个重要抉择be faced with a crucial decision孤注一掷take the gamble激战fierce battle向…提出停战offer a truce to等待时机bide one’s time成为一场噩梦turn into a nightmare拖着脚步行进drag on溃不成军的幸存者the tattered survivors不宣而战without a declaration of war 闪电式战略lightning war“焦土”政策“scorch the earth”处境变得危急the situation becomes desperate 食品匮乏food runs out死于饥饿与疾病die from hunger and disease 食品和补给的匮乏 a lack of food and suppliesUnit 2计算机革命the computer revolution制造业manufacturing industry长途司机long-distance driver被严重低估be grossly underestimated威胁生命的重大隐患life-threatening hazard解决问题cure the problem积极的影响 a positive impact与无线电信号调谐be tuned to radio signals 在任何一个特定时间at any given time量子理论法则the laws of the quantum theory精确的频率precise frequency发出无线电信号send out a radio signal换算出be converted into导航能力navigational capability几乎无限virtually limitless 手杖walking sticks遥控remote control潜在的应用potential use / application 要求call for完全控制take complete control of 被编成组be bunched into groups 一齐行驶travel in union对环保有利environmental boon智能汽车smart cars独立驾驶drive on one’s own 把…变成现实turn sth. into a reality汽车工业the automobile industry 制造业manufacturing industry 交通事故traffic accidents空气中，在空中，悬而未决的in the air发动，启动start up扫描scan for盯着看，凝视stare at中央分道线center divider瞄准train on迷路get lost停留，被阻塞get stuck in塞车traffic jam导航系统navigation system围绕地球运行orbit the earth组成make up发射，发出send out转化成convert into无线电信号 a radio signal使相关联correlate to方向盘steering wheel精确频率at a precise frequency光速the speed of light做好准备随时做…be poised to (do)手杖walking sticks要求call for控制take control of交通繁忙路段heavily trafficked road一致，一齐in unison使成为…的一部分incorporate into作为，充当…serve asUnit 3模拟面试mock interview采取进一步行动follow up在某人手中，为某人拥有in one’s hands亲手送交的hand-delivered可能的客户prospective customers在我看来as I see it俗话说(as) the saying goes极有可能the odds are good that一生中仅有一次的经历a once-in-a-lifetime experience事先做好准备do one’s homework努力争取go after交换场地switch sides发扬长处develop one’s strengths尝试take/have a crack (at)奇迹中的奇迹miracle of miracles实现你的目标accomplish your goals改变状态或观点；产生影响make a difference大约in the neighborhood of做梦也想不beyond one’s/anyone’s wilde st dreams 从…的观点来看from one’s/the standpoint (of)Unit 4耸耸肩shrug one’s shoulders自大great vanity让某人大吃一惊give sb. a great surprise听某人亲口讲述from sb. own lips衣着整洁素雅be neatly and quietly dressed合乎某人的年龄和身份in accordance with one’s age and station玩桥牌play bridge和睦恩爱的一家人a united and affectionate family年轻时in one’s youth点头致意nod a greeting对…有一种本能have an instinct about …两颊白里透红pink-and-white cheeks和善地咯咯一笑give a kindly chuckle勉强地/欣然地with a bad/good grace一文不名go broke穷困潦倒be down and out自杀commit suicide由于on account of 吃一惊be taken aback身体状况不好/好in bad/good condition祝某人好运wish sb. good luck临阵脱逃funk it at the last moment喝酒作乐把身体搞垮ruin one’s constitution by drink and dissipationUnit 5扫除sweep aside寻找in search of国家认同national identity狂热信徒 a fervent believer认为identify… as毫不迟疑without any hesitation国际商业精英international business élite 少数几位 a handful of没完没了的认真的讨论endless earnest discussion 资本、劳动力和技术的流动flow of capital, labor and technology 最佳地点the most advantageous locations 全球超级物种global superspecies与…渐行渐远increasingly divorce from 文化断层cultural fault line处于…的前沿at the forefront of开辟一条通向…的道路beat a path to一个创新的卓越环境a remarkable environment of innovation 根据对各国人口和经济增长的预计be based on projections of demographic and economic growth从…脱离swing away from低薪流动劳工low-paid migrant workers医疗保健体系health care system跨国界经营cross-border business更别提let alone狭隘民族主义 a narrow nationalism。

• 3. I have enclosed a resume as well as a photo of my recent woks for your review. I look forward to an interview to discuss further how I could contribute to your organization.随信奉上我的简历和我近期作品照片一张，以供参考。期待您给我面试机会，以进一步探讨我能为贵公司做些什么。
Sample:
Personal Information
• Name: Zhu min
• English Name : Adam Chu
• Sex: male
• Age: 26
• Height: 168 cm
• Weight: 55kg
• Marital Status :Single
• 2. Thank you for your attention to my resume. I welcome the opportunity to meet with you to further discuss my qualifications and your needs.感谢您对我的关注。希望有机会跟您进一步讨论我的资历和您的要求。
• 4. I would appreciate your reply. Please contact me at 13612345678 any time，thanks for your time and consideration.如蒙回复，不胜感激。请致电13612345678，任何时候均可。感谢您拨冗考虑。
• 2. Learning from Mr. Zhang that you are wanting a … I would like to apply to this position.从张先生那里得知，贵单位正在招聘××人选，我愿意应聘此职。

Useful Expressions:(Book 3)Unit 1:Passage A:1.环境问题environmental issues2. 无视…be blind to3.全球气候变暖global warming4. 破坏生态环境upset the ecosystem5. 净化地下水purify underground water6. 把…转化成…convert…to7. 对…是至关重要的be vital to8. 把…变为…transform ... into9. 是由…引起的result from10. 矿物燃料fossil fuels11. 导致result in12. 温室气体greenhouse gases13. 远道而来all the way14. 影响impact on15. 并非取之不竭not inexhaustible16.无可挽回的地步the point of no return17. 与…分享你的智慧share your wisdom with18.过着双重标准的生活live divided lives19.贪得无厌be greedy for20. 上瘾的消费者addicted consumer21. 滥用资源abuse resources22. 采取行动take action23.袖手旁观sit back24.处理deal withPassage B:1.几桩怪事 a couple of odd things2.…很惬意It is a joy to…3.在…住下take up residence in…4.反之亦然vice versa5.有一种强烈的欲望be overtaken by an urge to…6.全球气候变化global climate change7.物种指示灯indicator species8.绿色的深浅度shade of green9.用全力(with) full force10.内里朝外turn …inside out11.我们已到达了……的时刻we have reached the time when…Unit 2:Passage A:1. 以疑虑的眼光盯着stare with questioning eyes2. 卧病在床sick in bed3. 开启智力stir one’s intellect4. 哄骗某人做某事fool sb. into doing sth.5. 强烈地好奇passionately curious6. 来访come over7. 遇见，发现come upon8. 一点也不，绝不in no way9. 简朴的美beauty of simplicity10. 某人可以理解的be accessible to sb.11.浓缩…的精华condense the essence of12.想出，提供come up with13.力求取得push for14.在于lie in15.给…留下印象make an impression on16.惊奇地in wonder17.满足好奇心pursue one’s curiosity18.相对论Theory of Relativity19.激发好奇心spark the curiosity20.最终的追求ultimate questPassage B:1.开创性工作groundbreaking work2.大学教学人员faculty member3.通向国际科学领域前沿的道路the path to the forefront of the international science arena4.丰富的经验a wealth of experience5.轻松地使自己的成绩在班上名列前茅sail to the top of his class6. 正统的理科教育classical science education7.结果／事实证明as it turned out8.从……到……的过渡a transition from…to…9.若干顶尖的……the top handful of…10.受到全体教职工、校方与系里的欢迎be well received by the staff, administration and faculty11.开始运作；开始进行off and running12.追问进展情况track the progress13. 获得，经历under one’s belt14. 开拓疆界，扩大成就push the envelope15. 博士后工作postdoctoral workUnit 3:Passage A:1.一连串私人诊所 a string of private clinics2.(他们)迫切想要的孩子babies they desperately want3.引起轩然大波create quite a stir4.群起而攻击line up to attack5.对人类尊严的侮辱an insult to human dignity6.志趣相投的科学家like-minded scientists7.靠争议而成名thrive on controversy8.得到一个携带自己基因的孩子have a baby carrying their genes9.难以理解…的意义have a hard job seeing the point of10.反对把克隆作为治疗不育症的手段opposition to cloning as a fertility treatment11.简直就是浪费时间和精力(be) simply a waste of time and energy12. 这并不是说…That is not to say…13. 高得让人难以接受的代价at an unacceptably high price14. 无谓的损失wasteful losses15. 似乎任何人都对…几乎无能为力There seems to be little anyone can do to…16. 实现永生的关键.the key to achieving immortality17. 严厉的法律tough laws18. 不管人们喜欢与否.like it or not19. 这只是时间上的问题it is only a matter of time20. 整个科学事业science as a wholePassage B:1. a fresh drink 一杯鲜汁饮料2. in the flesh 本人3. pass a ban 颁布禁令4. a definite resemblance to 与…极其相像5. go ahead 继续进行6. be nuts about 狂热于….7. be put up for adoption 被收养8. a decent job 一份体面的工作9. The roof fell in. 灾难临头了10. be famous for real 将真的一举成名11. get wind of 听到……风声12. track down 追踪、发现13. die trying 为此死不足惜14. immersed oneself in 全心身地投入到…。

useful expression作文"The Power of Useful Expressions in Daily Communication"In the intricate fabric of human interaction, the thread of language plays a pivotal role. Among the various strands of this tapestry, useful expressions stand out as the embroidery that adds color, texture, and clarity to our conversations. They are the diamonds in the rough, the gems that shine brightest when used appropriately.Useful expressions are those phrases or sayings that carry a profound meaning, resonate with listeners, and enhance understanding. They are not just words, but tools that help us convey complex thoughts, feelings, and ideas in a concise and impactful manner. Whether it's a simple "thank you" to acknowledge someone's kindness or a complex explanation to clarify a concept, useful expressions are the lifeblood of effective communication.In the realm of academic writing, useful expressions are invaluable. They add polish to essays, making them more cohesive, coherent, and engaging. For instance, using transitional phrases like"Furthermore"or"Moreover"can help the reader follow the thread of argumentation more smoothly. Similarly, employing descriptive language can bring abstract concepts to life, making them easier to understand and appreciate.Moreover, useful expressions are not limited to academic writing. They find their place in every form of communication, from casual conversations to professional presentations. In a business meeting, for instance, using expressions like "I appreciate your feedback" or "I understand your concern" can foster a sense of respect and cooperation. In a personal context, expressing gratitude with a heartfelt "thank you" or offering comfort with a simple "I'm here for you" can strengthen the bonds of friendship and family.However, it's important to remember that the effectiveness of useful expressions depends on their appropriate use.They should be chosen carefully,considering the context, audience, and purpose of the communication. Overusing or misusing them can lead to confusion or misinterpretation, undermining their intended purpose.In conclusion, useful expressions are the subtle yet powerful tools of communication. They enrich our conversations, enhance understanding, and foster meaningful relationships. By mastering their use, we can transform our communication from mere words into powerful vehicles of expression and connection. Let us cherish and hone this embroidery of language, making our communication more vibrant, meaningful, and impactful.。

Section A1. sports medicine expert 运动医学专家2. endurance athlete 耐力运动员3. iron deficiency 缺铁4. moderate exercise 适度运动5. iron loss 铁流失6. associate professor 副教授7. to consume additional meat 多食用肉食8. to follow their normal diet 沿用原来的食谱9. women of child-bearing age 育龄妇女10. health-conscious women 保健意识强的妇女11. iron-rich food 富含铁的食物12. the recommended daily allowance for iron 日需铁的摄入量13. intense endurance exercise 高强度耐力运动14. the digestive system 消化系统15. high-impact sports 高强度剧烈运动16. blood vessel 血管17. blood protein 血红蛋白18. the working muscles 运动着的肌肉19. exercise performance 运动成绩20. iron supplements 铁离子补剂21. leafy green vegetables 带叶子的绿色蔬菜22. sports diet expert 运动营养专家Section B1.to strengthen the heart and lungs 增强心肺功能2.to power up the brain 增强大脑功能3. a succession of scientific studies implies that…一系列科学研究表明…4.vigorous physical exercise 强体力运动5.skill-based exercise 技巧性的运动6.to process information 处理信息7. a complicated obstacle course复杂的越障训练8.in contrast 相比之下…9.declines in physical condition 体质下降10.the reduction in mental function 大脑功能的下降11.a penalty of neglecting to stay physically active 对不注意保持身体活力的惩罚12.a professor of exercise science 运动科学教授13.the scientific literature 科学文献14.to engage in regular physical activity 经常进行体育活动15.the academic edge 学业优势16.to burn off steam 消耗体力17.to be better equipped to tackle mental challenges 更有能力应付各种智力挑战Section A1.to approve of sth. 赞成，同意2.to go ahead 继续，进行3.to be for sale 出售4.to come up with an idea (a solution, an answer, an excuse) 想出，找到（主意、解决办法、答案、借口等）5.to be universally recognized 得到全球公认6.to rise to fame instantly 一举成名7.to capture the world’s attention 令世界瞩目8. a sour-looking man 表情木讷的人9.to pose for the portrait 做画像的模特10.to save sb. from sth. 使…摆脱…；使…免于…11.to honor prominent figures 纪念杰出人物12.to go against tradition 反传统而行之13.to earn a reputation for…赢得…样的声誉Section B1.to illustrate children’s book 为儿童书籍画插图2.one’s life’s goal 一生追求的目标3.to turn down sb./sth. 拒绝，回绝4. a distinctive style 独特的风格5.to have an acid tongue 说话尖刻6.to be at the core of one’s life 是某人生活的核心7.to be dressed up 穿着盛装8.an advertising agency 广告公司9.to have one’s feet planted on the ground 实事求是，脚踏实地10.to date back to 始于（某时）；追溯到（某时）11.sth. take off 突然受欢迎，流行Unit FiveSection A1.medical chart 医疗记录2. a piece of medical equipment 一件医疗设备3.to ease the thirst 缓解干渴4.to make no attempt to swallow 没有试图去吞咽5.to go about providing for her needs 开始为她做她所需要的事6. a mind reader 能读懂别人心思的人7.to answer my thoughts 对我心中所想做出了回答8.an emotional battle 情感的挣扎9.volunteer associations 志愿者协会Section B1.to suffer a stroke得了中风2. a sign of improvement 好转的迹象3.to get significantly better 完全康复，显著好转4.to live on one’s own 独自生活5.to treat with 用…治疗6.to condemn sb. to sth. 把某人逼入某种状态7.to let nature take its course 听任其自然发展，顺其自然8. a theoretical situation 理论上的情况9.to fight the infection 抗感染10.to fight off infection 克服感染11.to die a peaceful death 安详地死去，平静地死去12.to relieve problems 缓解问题13.to die of a major infection 死于严重感染mon sense 常识15.in the final phase of an illness 在疾病的最后阶段16.to sound a note of warning 发出警告17.a so-called neutral third party 所谓中立的第三方18.critically ill patients 垂危的病人。

Useful Expressions for unit 51. 遭受…袭击be battered by2. 重创…的沿海地区hammer the coast of3. 特大威力the extraordinary power4. 归咎于be due to5. 增加beef up6. 坐落在狭长形岛上perch on a slender island7. 越来越容易受到…be increasingly vulnerable to8.冲走wash away9.把…卷走wipe out10.是…日常吃的主食be a staple of one’s diet11.加大了…的影响magnify its effects12. 以不断增加的速度at an accelerating rate13. 在…之间in between14.客观地说put matters in perspective15. 连续三年three in a row16. 不停地，一口气地at a stretch17. 温带temperate zone18. 每年的正常变化year-to-year variations19. 受人尊重的科学机构esteemed scientific organizations20. 相继死去die off21. 引发灾难性气候trigger devastating weather22. 人口稠密的地区densely populated land23. 无法居住become uninhabitable24. 从…迁徙migrate from25. 呼吸系统疾病respiratory illnesses26.提高…的发生率increase the incidence of27. 有利于… in favor of28. 突然的气候变化abrupt climate change29. 在缓慢进行中in the slow creep of30. 在现实时间快速变化中in the quick pop of real timeunit 71. 孤注一掷go for broke2. 嗜赌成瘾者compulsive gamblers3. 消除wipe away4. 失去尊严lose one’s pride5. 生存哲学existential philosophy6. 牌室的常客card room regulars7. 付出高昂的代价pay a steep price8. 主题公园theme park9. 不可救药的吸毒成瘾者hard-core drug addicts10. 在边缘摇摆teeter on the verge11. 虐待儿童child abuse12.家庭暴力domestic violence13. 许多a host of14.成为重大新闻make headline15. 无法理解beyond one’s comprehension16. 内心流血bleed inside17. 清醒起来 sober up18. 为…而不顾一切be desperate for19. 保险单insurance policy20. 债台高筑suffocating debts21. 前途无量promising future22. 呆滞无神的双眼expressionless eyes23. 每况愈下的健康状况failing health24. 再玩几副a few more hands。

Unit Two ESTABLISHING BUSINESS RELATIONS1. 我们从你方4月1日的来信中获悉，你方有意向与我公司建立业务关系并购买我公司的工具。

2. 从我国驻英国大使馆商务处获知贵方名称和地址，我们借此机会荣幸地写信给你们，以寻求是否有和你们建立业务关系的可能。

3. 承蒙Freemen先生的好意，我方得知贵公司是贵地的主要电器产品进口商之一，并希望与我公司建立业务关系。

4. 我方已得知贵公司的行号，很荣幸可以写这封信给贵公司，希望能与你方建立业务关系。

5. 贵公司愿与我公司建立直接业务关系的想法与我公司不谋而合。

6. 我方愿意在平等互利的基础上与贵公司建立业务关系。

7. 摩根大通银行已经告知我方贵公司是主要的工具设备的进口商之一。

同时贵公司也有意向在这些产品上和我方进行贸易往来。

我们将寄予贵公司一系列可能适合你方市场需求的产品，以供你方挑选。

8. 我们已通过R.G. Nelson公司的介绍了解到贵公司是中国缝纫机的潜在买家。

因为我方经营的是缝纫机，所以我方很乐意与贵公司达成直接的业务关系。

9. 兹介绍我公司是各种电风扇和空调的主要出口商之一。

10. 为了让贵公司熟悉我方经营的轻工业产品，我们已通过航空邮件另外寄给你方许多小册子，供你方参考。

11. 我公司专门从事中式食物的出口，希望能与贵公司在这个行业建立贸易关系。

12. 我们很感谢能收到贵公司表示希望与我方建立业务联系的来信。

UNIT Four Enquiries And Replies1. 我方意欲购买……，如能报最优价，我方将不胜感激。

2. 我方已看到贵公司在……的广告，如能寄来关于……的资料，我方将不胜感激。

3. 如能提供我方所需型号和质量的货物，我方将会下数目较大的常规订单4. 我方很高兴可以寄给贵公司……信中所要求的产品目录5. 我们很遗憾地告知贵公司我们目前无法提供你方所需要的产品。

一旦我方补货到位，我方将很乐意回复此事。

Useful Expressions for Letter of Application说明写应征函的起因Beginnings1. In reply to your advertisement in today’s (newspaper), I respectfully offer my services for the situation.拜读今日XX报上贵公司广告，本人特此备函应征该职位。

2. Replying to your advertisement in today’s issue of the (newspaper), I wish to apply for the position in your esteemed firm.拜读贵公司在今日（报章）上广告，特此备函应征贵公司该职位。

3. With reference to your advertisement in (newspaper) of May 2 for a clerk, I offer myself for the post.从五月二日XX报上广告栏得知公司招聘一位职员。

4. I should like to apply for the position mentioned in your advertisement in (newspaper) of July 22.贵公司七月二十二日在XX报刊登招聘的职位，特此备函应招。

5. In answer to your advertisement in today’s newspaper fro a secretary, I wish to tender my services.阁下在今日XX报上刊登招聘秘书广告，本人获悉，特此应招。

6. Learning from Mr. S.P. Chen that you are looking for a sales manager, I should like to apply for the position.从陈少朋友先生处得悉，贵公司正在招聘一名业务经理，我愿应招此职。