2015年考博英语备考指导课程(一)

2015东南大学考博英语一、二基础阶段复习重点2015年考博英语复习正在进行中，从3月至6月底基础阶段，很多考生对基础阶段复习内容模糊不清或者说不知道复习的重点。

接下来，我们就为大家整理分享了考博英语复习规划指导，帮助大家找准复习重点。

首先，考博英语的题型分布：完形填空(10分)，传统阅读(40分)，新题型(10分)，翻译(英语一10分，英语二15分。

)，作文(小作文英语一10分，大作文20分;英语二小作文大作文15分。

)虽然英语一和英语二在题目的分值和做题方法上有所区别，在目前基础阶段，英语一和英语二考生都是打基础的阶段，没有涉及到解题技巧因而没有任何的区别，英语一和英语二考生的复习重点应该一致。

那这个复习重点是什么呢?这个阶段的重点应该是主攻词汇、长难句和基础阅读。

为什么呢?因为完型填空考的就是单词就是搭配就是基础。

阅读考的就是单词和长难句及解题思路。

新题型完全就是技巧，这将在暑期强化阶段讲解。

翻译最根本要求也是处理长难句，作文也就是将积累的词汇长难句和大量的知识输出的过程。

所有的题型都离不开词汇长难句。

那具体怎么复习呢?一、选定一本考博词汇书，至少背2遍。

不管你选择哪本词汇书，一定要坚持下来。

根据我们的经验，80%的考博同学第一遍背诵要花掉2个月，第二遍的时候只要1个月就能背完，第3遍7-10天。

所以希望同学们坚持坚持再坚持。

同时给出3条小建议：1.背考博词汇书前，可以复习一下自己四级或6级的词汇书。

可以再背一遍，看看以前的笔记。

为什么呢?因为考博英语单词就包括了2000-3000的四级六级单词。

这遍查漏补缺的工作还是很重要的。

2.背到自己认识的单词的时候，从后往前看1-2个单词释义。

为什么呢?因为考博英语阅读之所以很难选对答案的一个原因就是虽然单词认识，但是不知道这个单词在语境中的具体意思，也就是我们俗称的单词的熟词僻意。

如果遇到不认识的单词就从前往后背1-2个释义。

一定要注意整理笔记，要有自己的词汇本。

2015厦门大学考博大纲解析：英语完型填空的新解法2015考博英语大纲已出炉，育明考博考博辅导名师第一时间解读新大纲，预测2015命题趋势。

想要在考博英语中取得一个不错的成绩，完型填空就是一个必须要拿下的敌人。

完型填空的基本解题原则是从已知信息中寻找，定位出所有与未知填空相关联的信息线索，通过综合分析这些线推测未知填空的答案。

即相关已知信息(线索)定位分析法。

下面是育明考博考博小编为考生们整理分享的考博大纲解析之考博英语完型的新解法，希望对大家有所帮助。

联系我们扣扣：四九三三七一六二六。

电话：四零零六六八六九七八完型填空部分大家一定要注重思路和寻找线索能力的训练，一般做题的基本思路是，根据已知信息去填空，根据空前后的线索来选择填什么。

比方说，题目让考生填主句的内容，那么从句中就会有相应的说明。

题目让考生填动词，原文常常在别的地方出现这个动词的同义词。

那么如何判断呢?首先根据需要填写动词后面出现的宾语，找到有同一宾语的句子，该句中的动词就是所需填写词的同义词。

常见搭配、固定词组常常作为完型填空的考点。

如果题目让你填单词，常常与搭配有关系，在平时就应该有意识地积累一些固定词组和搭配，这样，在考试时，就能节省很多时间，并且记忆搭配、词组等还有利于作文的写作等很多方面，所以为了很好地应付这些题型，要在平时准备过程中多下工夫，多积累。

另外，在平常练习中，考生做题要张弛有度，把握时间，速度要快。

不用把文章全部细读一遍，可针对考点做题。

注意每段话的首句，完型填空20道题目尽量控制在20分钟内做完。

考生对不同语境中规范的语言要素(包括词汇、表达方式和结构)的掌握程度，而且还考查考生对语段特征(如连贯性和一致性等);的辨识能力等。

共20小题，每小题0.5分，共10分。

它要求考生既要有扎实的语法知识基础和丰富的词汇量，又要有较强的阅读能力。

因此，大家在这一部分进行解题时，必须灵活运用自己所掌握的有英语知识，并且能够融会贯通。

目录医学考博英语历年真题 (2)2015年全国医学博士英语统一入学考试试卷 (2)2015年全国医学博士英语统一入学考试试题参考答案及解析 (17)2015年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷录音原文 (29)本试题含阅读文章大意分析，听力含答案解析，有听力原文。

医学考博英语历年真题2015年全国医学博士英语统一入学考试试卷Part I Listening Comprehension(30%)Section ADirections:In this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between two speakers.At the end of each conversation,you will hear a question about what is said.The question will be read only once.After you hear the question,read the four choices marked A,B,C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Listen to the following example.You will hear:Woman:I fell faint.Man:No wonder You haven't had a bite all day.Question:What's the matter with the woman?You will read:A.She is sick.B.She is bitten by an ant.C.She is hungry.D.She spilled her paint.Here C is the right answer.Sample AnswerA B●D Now let's begin with question number1.1. A.How to deal with his sleeping problem. B.The cause of his sleeping problem.C.What follows his insomnia.D.The severity of his medical problem.2. A.To take the medicine for a longer time. B.To discontinue the medication.C.To come to see her again.D.To switch to other medications.3. A.To tale it easy and continue to work. B.To take a sick leave.C.To keep away from work.D.To have a follow-up.4. A.Fullness in the stomach. B.Occasional stomachache.C.Stomach distention.D.Frequent belches.5. A.extremely severe. B.Not very severe.C.More severe than expected.D.It's hard to say.6. A.He has lost some weight. B.He has gained a lot.C.He needs to exercise more.D.He is still overweight.7. A.She is giving the man an injection. B.She is listening to the man's heart.C.She is feeling the man's pulse.D.She is helping the man stop shivering.8. A.In the gym. B.In the office.C.In the clinic.D.In the boat.9. A.Diarrhea. B.Vomiting.C.Nausea.D.A cold.10. A.She has developed allergies. B.She doesn't know what allergies are.C.She doesn't have any allergies.D.She has allergies treated already.11. A.Listen to music. B.Read magazines.C.Go play tennis.D.Stay in the house.12. A.She isn't feeling well. B.She is under pressure.C.She doesn't like the weatherD.She is feeling relieved.13. A.Michael's wife was ill B.Michael's daughter was ill.C.Michael's daughter gave birth to twins.D.Michael was hospitalized for a check-up.14. A.She is absent-minded. B.She is in high spirits.C.She is indifferent.D.She is compassionate.15. A.Ten years ago. B.Five years ago.C.Fifteen years ago.D.Several weeks ago.Section BDirections:In this section you will hear one conversation and two passages'after each of which,you will hear five questions.After each question,read the four possible answers marked A,B,C and D.Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Dialogue16. A.A blood test. B.A gastroscopy.C.A chest X-ray exam.D.A barium X-ray test.17. A.To lose some weight. B.To take a few more tests.C.To sleep on three pillows.D.To eat smaller,lighter meals.18. A.Potato chips. B.Chicken. C.Cereal. D.fish.19. A.Ulcer B.Cancer C.Depression. D.Hernia.20. A.He will try the diet the doctor recommended.B.He will ask for a sick leave and relax at home.C.He will take the medicine the doctor prescribed.D.He will take a few more tests to rule out cancer.Passage One21. A.A new concept of diabetes.B.The definition of Type1and Type2diabetes.C.The new management of diabetics in the hospital.D.The new development of non-perishable insulin pills.22. A.Because it vaporizes easily.B.Because it becomes overactive easily.C.Because it is usually in injection form.D.Because it is not stable above40degrees Fahrenheit.23. A.The diabetics can be cured without taking synthetic insulin any longer.B.The findings provide insight into how insulin works.C.Insulin can be more stable than it is now.D.Insulin can be produced naturally.24. A.It is stable at room temperature for several years.B.It is administered directly into the bloodstream。

2015矿大考博英语完型备考复习方法想要在考博英语中取得一个不错的成绩不是难事，但是想要取得高分就不是一件简单的事情了。

对于想要拿高分的考生朋友来说，完型填空就是一个必须要拿下的敌人。

虽然说完型填空的分值不是很多，但是在大家差距不大的情况下，完型填空就成了一个关键点，谁能够在完型填空拿到更多的分数，那么在总分上必定会占有不小的优势。

那么怎么样才能让自己在完型填空这块取得先机呢?完型填空的基本解题原则是从已知信息中寻找，定位出所有与未知填空相关联的信息线索，通过综合分析这些线推测未知填空的答案。

即相关已知信息(线索)定位分析法。

下面我们总结一些具有普遍性的寻找定位相关已知线索的方法和规律。

1. 如何用“无关词排除法”来解完型填空题?完型文章一般都有非常明确的中心主线，且整个文章很紧凑，就是紧紧围绕着中心主线展开。

因此，理论上正确的选项一定是紧扣文章的主题和中心主线的。

故而，一些看上去明显和文章主题和中心主线毫无关系的选项基本上可以排除在正确答案之外。

（育明考博辅导课程咨询方式TEL:四零零 六六八 六九七八;扣扣：五四七零六三八六二）例如：2001年考博完型试题的第35题“bill that will propose making payments to witnesses(34 illegal) and will strictly control the amount of 35 that can be given to a case.”[A]publicity[B]penalty[C]popularity[D]peculiarity答案:[A]publicity分析：此题可以应用“无关词排除法”。

本题所考查的名词处于这样一个句子结构中：作为control的宾语;后边还受到一个定语从句的限制。

根据文章的主题，可以发现3个选项[B]penalty(惩罚)、[C]popularity(流行度)、[D]peculiarity(古怪度)与文章的主题根本无关，政府不可能去控制这些东西。

财政部财政科学研究所2015年招收攻读博士学位研究生入学考试英语试题PART ONE: Grammar (15 points)Directions: Below each sentence, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the sentence or that best completes the sentence. Please write the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.1. The quality of teaching should be measured by the degree the students’potentiality is developed.A. of whichB. with whichC. in whichD. to which2. Another food crop raised by Indians strange to the European was called Indian corn.A. who wereB. that wereC. that wasD. who was3. We moved to the new house in the suburbs so that the kids would have a garden .A. in which to playB. to play withC. to playD. where to play4. There are many copper mines in the state of Arizona, contributes significantly to the state’s economy.A. a factB. which factC. whose factD. that5. Hydrogen is the fundamental element of the universe it provides the building blocks from which the other elements are produced.A. so thatB. but thatC. in thatD. provided that6. Nearly all trees contains a mix of polymers that can burn like petroleum properly extracted.A. afterB. ifC. when itD. is7. The early years of the United States government were characterized by a debate concerning or individual states should have more power.A. whether the federal governmentB. either the federal governmentC. that the federal governmentD. the federal government8. Exploration of the Solar System is continuing, and at the present rate of progress all the planets within the next 50 years.A. will have been contactedB. will have contactedC. will be contactedD. will contact9. By the year of 2025, scientists probably a cure for cancer.A. will be discoveringB. are discoveringC. will have discoveredD. have discovered10. Thomas Edison’s first patented invention was a device in Congress.A. for counting votesB. that counting votesC. counts votesD. counted votes11. Using many symbols makes to put a large amount of information on a single map.A. possibleB. it is possibleC. it possibleD. that possible12. Anna was reading a piece of science fiction, completely to the outside world.A. being lostB. having lostC. losingD. lost13. Beef cattle of all livestock for economic growth in the certain geographicregions.A. the most are importantB. are the most importantC. is the most importantD. that are most important14. advance and retreat in their eternal rhythms, but the surface of the sea itself isnever at rest.A. Not only when the tides doB. As the tides not only doC. Not only do the tidesD. Do the tides not only15. divorce ourselves from the masses of the people.A. In no time we shouldB. In no time should weC. At no time we shouldD. At no time should wePART TWO: Reading comprehension (20 points)Directions:There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished sentences. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should decide on the best choice and write the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Passage 1 (5 points)The good news made headlines nationwide: Deaths from several kinds of cancer have declined significantly in recent years. But the news has to be bittersweet for many cancer patients and their families. Every year, more than 500000 people in the United States still die of cancer. In fact, more than half of all patients diagnosed with cancer will die of their disease within a few years. And while it’s true survival is longer today than in the past, thequality of life for these patients is often greatly diminished. Cancer –and many of the treatments used to fight it - causes pain, nausea, fatigue, and anxiety that routinely go undertreated or untreated.In the nation’s single-minded focus on curing cancer, we have inadvertently devalued the critical need for palliative care, which focuses on alleviating physical and psychological symptoms over the course of the disease. Nothing would have a greater impact on the daily lives of cancer patients and their families than good symptom control and supportive therapy. Yet the National Cancer Institute (NCI), the federal government’s leader in cancer research and training, spent less than one percent of its 1999 budget on any aspect of research or training in palliative care.The nation needs to get serious about reducing needless suffering. NCI should commit to and fund research aimed at improving symptom control and palliative care. NCI also could designate “centers of excellence” among the cancer centers it recognizes. To get that designation, centers would deliver innovative, top-quality palliative care to all segments of the populations the centers serve; train professionals in medicine, nursing, psychology, social work, and other disciplines to provide palliative care; and conduct research.Insurance coverage for palliative and hospice care also contributes to the problem by forcing people to choose between treatment or hospice care. This “either/or” approach does not readily allow these two types of essential care to be integrated. The Medicare hospice benefit is designed specifically for people in the final stages of illness and allows enrollment only if patients are expected to survive six months or less. The benefit excludes patients from seeking both palliative care and potentially life-extending treatment.That makes hospice enrollment an obvious deterrent for many patients. And hospices, which may have the most skilled practitioners and the most experience in administering palliative care, cannot offer their services to people who could really benefit but still are pursuing active treatment.It is innately human to comfort and provide care to those suffering from cancer, particularly those close to death. Yet what seems self-evident at an individual, personal level has not guided policy at the level of institutions in this country. Death is inevitable, but severe suffering is not. To offer hope for a long life of the highest possible quality and to deliver the best quality cancer care from diagnoses to death, our public institutions need to move toward policies that value and promote palliative care.16. Palliative care is concerned with improving patients’.A. survival ratesB. quality of lifeC. lifespansD. options for health insurance providers17. According to the author, research on palliative care for .A. is more important than research for cancer curesB. has been overlooked by researchersC. is virtually non-existentD. is regarded by researchers as a frivolous topic18. The main problem of insurance coverage for hospice care and active treatment isthat .A. it does not allow patients to seek bothB. it only covers patients whose life expectancy is less than six monthsC. it deprives patients of the right to choose between two proven treatment methodsD. hospice care is only covered when it may extend a patient’s life expectancy19. Hospices offer cancer patients .A. an alternative to palliative careB. comfort in their early stages of illnessC. skilled and experienced palliative careD. an alternative to active treatment20. This text is mainly about .A. improving cancer research in the U.SB. reforming insurance coverage for cancer patientsC. understanding different options for cancer treatment and careD. reducing the suffering of cancer patientsPassage 2 (5 points)Man and women do think differently, at least where the anatomy of the brain is concerned, according to a new study. The brain is made primarily of two different types of tissue, called gray matter and white matter. This new research reveals that men think more with their gray matter, and women think more with white. Researchers stressed that just because the two sexes think differently, this does not affect intellectual performance.Psychology professor Richard Haier of the University of California, Irvine led the research along with colleagues from the University of New Mexico. Their findings show that in general, men have nearly 6.5 times the amount of gray matter related intelligence compared with women, whereas women have nearly 10 times the amount of white matter related to intelligence compared with men. “These findings suggested that human evolution has created two different types of brains designed for equally intelligent behavior,”said Haier, adding that, “by pinpointing these gender-based intelligence areas, the study has the potential to aid research on dementia and other cognitive-impairment diseases in the brain.The results are detailed in the online version of the journal NeuroImage. In human brains, gray matter represents information processing centers, whereas white matter works to network these processing centers. The results from this study may help explain why men and women excel at different types of tasks, said co-author and neuropsychologist Rex Jung of the University of New Mexico. For example, men tend to do better with tasks requiring more localized processing, such as mathematics, Jung said, while women are better at integrating and assimilating information from distributed gray-matter regions of the brain, which aids language skills. Scientists find it very interesting that while men and women use two very different activity centers and neurological pathways, men and women perform equally well on broad measures of cognitive ability, such as intelligence tests.This research also gives insight to why different types of head injuries are more disastrous to one sex or the other. For example, in women 84 percent of gray matter regions and 86 percent of white matter regions involved in intellectual performance were located inthe frontal lobes, whereas the percentages of these regions in a man’s frontal lobes are 45 percent and zero, respectively. This matches up well with clinical data that shows frontal lobe damage in women to be much more destructive than the same type of damage in men. Both Haier and Jung hope that this research with someday help doctors diagnose brain disorders in men and women earlier, as well as provide help designing more effective and precise treatments for brain damage.21. Which of the following statements is true, according to paragraph 1 ?A. The brain is a monolithic organ.B. Intellectual ability depends on which part of the brain is used.C. Intellectual ability varies between men and women.D. The anatomy of men’s brains and women’s brains differ.22. According to paragraph 2, this discovery is significant because .A. it is necessary to understand the anatomy of the brain when dealing with diseasesaffect thought processesB. it shows that men and women are equally intelligentC. it shows that men and women are equally intelligent overall, but specialize indifferent ways of thinkingD. many diseases of the brain are specific to gender or the other23. Which of the following statements is true about gray brain matter?A. It helps put together information from different parts of the brain.B. It is used for processing i nformation.C. There is less of it in men’s brains.D. There is a direct correlation between the amount of gray brain matter andmathematical ability.24. Which of the following statements is false about white brain matter?A. Women have more of it than men.B. It is used for putting together information from different parts of the brain.C. There is direct correlation between the amount of white brain matter and linguisticability.D. The amount of white brain matter is not directly related to overall intelligence.25. The final paragraph suggests that .A. men and women are equally intelligentB. men and women have different frontal lobesC. head injuries can have varied effects, according to whether a person is male orfemaleD. the research will be useful to other scientistsPassage 3 (5 points)So much data indicate the world’s progress towards meeting the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), a set of targets adopted by world leaders at the UN more than ten years ago. But the goal-setting exercise has further pitfalls. Too often, the goals are reduced to working out how much money is needed to meet a particular target. Yet the countries that have made most progress in cutting poverty have largely done so not by spending public money, but by encouraging faster economic growth. As Shanta Devarajan,the World Bank’s chief economist for Africa, points out, growth does not just make more money available for social spending. It also increases the demand for such things as schooling, and thus helps meet other development goals. Yet the goals, as drawn up, made no mention of economic growth.Of course growth by itself does not solve all the problems of the poor. It also clear that while money helps, how it is spent and what it is spent on are enormously important. For instances, campaigners often ask for more to be spent on primary education. But throughout the developing world teachers on the public payroll are often absent from school. Teacher-absenteeism rates are around 20% in rural Kenya, 27% in Uganda and 14% in Ecuador.In any case, money that is allocated for such services rarely reaches its intended recipients. A study found that 70% of the money allocated for drugs and supplies by the Uganda government in 2000 was lost; in Ghana, 80% was siphoned off. Money needs to be spent, therefore, not merely on building more schools or hiring more teachers, but on getting them to do what they are paid for, and preventing resources from disappearing somewhere between the central government and their supposed destination.The good news is that policy experiments carried out by governments, NGOs, academics and international institutions are slowly building up a body of evidence about methods that work. A large-scale evaluation in Andhra Pradesh in southern India was shown, for example, that performance pay for teachers is three times as effective at raising pupil’s test scores as the equivalent amount spent on school supplies.And in Uganda the government, appalled that money meant for schools was not reaching them, took to publicizing how much was being allotted, using radio and newspaper. Money wastage was dramatically reduced. The World Bank hopes to bring such innovations to the notice of other governments during the summit, if it can. For if the drive against poverty is succeed, it will owe more to such ideas and wider use than to targets set at UN-sponsored summits.26. According to the text, which of the following merits can’t we derive from economicgrowth?A. It increases other demands such as education.B. It may help the government to fulfill Millennium Development Goals.C. Faster growth will lift the poor out of poverty.D. Economic growth may solve some problems of the poor.27. Teacher-absenteeism is cited as example .A. to call for governments apply performance pay for teachersB. to underline the importance of money should be spent on where it is neededC. to state that the allocated money should get staffs to do what they are paid forD. to show that African countries have a long way to go before reaching the UN’sgoalposts28. According to the author, we should when dealing with allocated money.A. avoid the leakage of moneyB. give the anti-poverty plans the priorityC. promote education to a higher levelD. improve public infrastructure first29. On which of the following would the author most probably agree?A. Economic growth does not make more money available for social spending.B. Money leakage is a big problem that Africa encounters.C. Millennium Development Goals may involve each country’s GDP growth.D. Millennium Development Goals have come to seen as applying to each developingcountry.30.We may infer from the last paragraph that .A. the World Bank plays an important role in helping Uganda fix money leakageB. money leakage is rampantly flourishing in UgandaC. Millennium Development Goals may have failed in lifting the poor out of povertyD. innovative ideas should come before targets set by UNPassage 4 (5 points)In the 20th century, all the nightmare-novels of the future imagined that books would be burnt. In the 21th century, our dystopias imagine a world where books are forgotten. To pluck just one, Gary Steynghart’s novel Super Sad True Love Story describes a world where everybody is obsessed with their electronic Apparat – an even more omnivorous i-phone with a flickering stream of shopping and reality shows and porn – and have somehow come to believe that the few remaining unread paper books left off a rank smell. The book on the book, it suggests, is closing.The book – the physical paper book – is being circled by a shoal of sharks, with sales down 9 percent this year alone. It’s being chewed by the e-book. It’s being gored by the death of the bookshop and the library. And most importantly, the mental space it occupied is being eroded by the thousand Weapons of Mass Destruction that surround us all. It’s hard to admit, but we all sense it: it is becoming almost physically harder to read books.In his gorgeous little book The Lost Art of Reading – Why Books Matter in a Distracted Time, the critic David Ulin admits to a strange feeling. All his life, he had taken reading as for granted as eating – but then, a few years ago, he “become aware, in an apartment full of books, that I could no longer find within myself the quiet necessary to read”. He would sit down to do it at night, as he always had, and read a few paragraphs, then find his mind was wandering, imploring him to check his email, or Twitter, or Facebook. “What I’m struggling with,”he writes, “is the encroachment of the buzz, the sense that there’s something out there that merits my attention.”I think most of us have this sense today, if we are honest. If you read a book with your laptop thrumming on the other side of the room, it can be like trying to read in the middle of a party, where everybody is shouting to each other. To read, you need to slow down. You need mental silence except for the words. That’s getting harder to find.No, don’t misunderstand me. I adore the web, and they will have to wrench my Twitter feed from my cold dead hands. This isn’t going to turn into an antediluvian rant against the glories of our wired world. But there’s a reason why that word –“wired”–means both “connected to the internet” and “high, frantic, unable to concentrate”.In the age of the internet, physical paper books are a technology we need more, not less. In the 1950s, the novelist Herman Hesse wrote: “The more the need for entertainment and mainstream education can be met by new inventions, the more the book will recover itsdignity and authority. We have not yet quite reached the point where young competitors, such as radio, cinema, etc, have taken over the functions from the book it can’t afford to lose.” We have now reached that point.31.By mentioning the work of Gary Steynghart, the author intends to .A. advocate the idea that reading physical paper books is out of fashionB. introduce a brand new electronic product even omnivorous than i-phoneC. prove that books will be outweighed by reality shows and porn in the futureD. indicate that books are left out in fictions describing the future world32. The most significant reason for the falling sales of paper books is that .A. electronic books are taking over more and more market share of paper booksB. people’ minds don’t have the space for reading due to all kinds of temptationC. bookstores are out of business as people prefer to borrowing books from the libraryD. people think things on the Internet are more worthy of their attention33.According to paragraph 3, we can infer that .A. people are inclined to take reading for grantedB. people’ minds are encroached by the InternetC. it’s hard to concentrate on reading nowadaysD. David Ulin’s book gives readers a strange feeling34. The explanation of the word “wired” probably indicates that .A. people always misunderstand the functions of internetB. Internet is partly responsible for the vanishing of paper booksC. people call the internet “wired world” for a reasonD. Internet will take over the functions of paper books35. Which of the following will the author most probably agree on?A. True readers can maintain reading in all kinds of environment, including noisy one.B. The Internet should be strictly condemned for endangering physical paper books.C. Physical paper books are facing extreme danger of being replaced by other things.D. Reading books isn’t in accordance with the increasing need for entertainment. PART THREE (20 points)Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation must be written on the Answer Sheet.When a company unexpectedly finds itself losing market share and taking a beating at the hands of its competitors, it’s a clear signal that a change is needed. For a variety of reasons, any company can suddenly lose the competitive advantage that it previously enjoyed. 36. The mark of a strong business, however, is its ability to overcome such setbacks and reclaim its positions as the front runner in its field.One of the greatest variables in the process, however, is technology, which on one hand makes business more efficient and thus profitable than previously thought possible, but changes at such a rapid pace that few businesses utilize it to its full potential. Those companies that invest heavily in the latest technology of the day may find their machines out dated and obsolete the next year, thus losing the advantage that they hoped to gain, and also a substantial amount of investment money as well. 37. Those are more cautious and buy less of the latest machine may learn that technology changes more slowly, and theircompetitors who invested more heavily now hold the upper hand. It’s a game of hit or miss.Because of the uneven and unpredictable pace of progress between technological fields, 38. companies are devoting more and more resources to not only acquiring more of the latest developments, but researching the factors that determine their production so as to position themselves better to adapt to the next change. This strategy has been producing positive results for those who employ it, but it is a massively expensive one, limiting its viability to only the largest companies, who are already enjoying many advantages in the market.Such dynamics make it increasingly difficult for new setup companies to break into established markets, lacking the funding and cash reserves necessary to play the game way as the big boy do. The same technology that keeps the large companies on top, however, can still topple them. 39. New and smaller companies have less to lose and thus can afford to gamble on new technologies that larger companies consider too risky to devote themselves to. 40. In the rare occurrences when these risky endeavors bear fruit, providing themselves to be the way of future, the rewards to those daring enough, or small enough, to invest in them prove well worth the effort.PART FOUR (20 points)Directions: Translate the following sentences into English. Your translation must be written on the Answer Sheet.41．我们必须全面深化改革，以释放市场活力对冲经济下行压力。

中国考博辅导首选学校山东大学2015年考博英语基础阶段复习指导现在开始到今年6月份之前是考博的基础夯实阶段，在这个阶段结束之前同学要完成2015考博英语备考前期的三件事——背过大纲要求的核心词汇至少3遍，掌握考博英语要求的基本语法和长难句的分析方法，2002年至2011年的真题至少做过一遍，并对其中至少20篇文章进行了精读。

要在此期间高效完成以上的复习重点，同学需要运用正确的复习方法：1、制定切实可行的复习计划。

从现在开始，大家每天要保证3小时左右的英语复习时间。

建议大家设定计划时，既要能够约束自己、督促自己的学习，同时又需要留有一些弹性空间，便于自己严格按照每天的计划推进复习进度。

同学可以以周为单位，每周一制定本周每天的学习计划，计划制定好之后，要严格要求自己按计划完成每天的复习功课。

在制定计划时要注意，第二天要安排先把前一天的学习重点复习一遍，再开始新内容的复习。

英语的复习要循序渐进、日积月累，切勿某一段时间完全不复习或者某几天突击，只学习不休息。

2、合理利用辅导班和学习资料。

同学切忌有“报了班就可以把考博重任交托给老师或辅导机构”的想法。

辅导班上老师的教学可以为大家引导正确的复习方向，教给大家行之有效、提高分数的做题方法，从而使我们的复习事半功倍。

但是同学需要在课下不断复习老师教授的知识和方法，并在自己的阅读和做题中进行运用，真正掌握知识，把老师教的内容变成自己的技能。

这样，才能利用辅导班达到最大化的复习效果。

至于学习资料，切忌多而不精，最好、最宝贵的资料莫过于真题，大家一定要充分挖掘真题中的知识要点，真正掌握，使真题物尽其用。

学有余力的同学还可以看看真题的同源文章阅读，拓展自己的知识面。

除真题外，单项内容的提高各项只要一本书足矣，大家可以选择我们文都的课程配套图书，例如《考博英语历年真题精析——命题剖析与复习指导》、刘一男老师的《词汇速记指南》、何凯文老师的《考博英语必考词汇》、《长难句解密》、《同源外刊时文精析》等。

中南大学2015考博英语：高分经验阶梯复习方法分享考博是一个系统的学习、复习提高的过程。

在这个漫长的复习过程中，你应该制定一个科学可行的复习方案，按部就班的踏实完成，才有可能将复习坚持到底，并达到卓有成效的目的。

关于考博英语的复习，一千个人就有一千个方法，只要肯做方法便无穷。

我认为英语是个积累性很强的学科，如果想要在有限的时间里提高英语成绩，前提就是要分阶段、分梯度，循序渐进的进行复习。

当然，这个过程中，也应该根据自己的复习情况，对计划有针对性的调整。

下面育明考博考博的小编就给大家分享下考博英语阶梯复习方法。

联系我们扣扣：四九三三七一六二六。

电话：四零零六六八六九七八一、第一阶段：从基础入手这个复习阶段在我的全程复习中，大约占到了3个月的时间。

主攻的方向为单词和长难句。

单词是提高英语的基础;而长难句考查的主要是语法知识，它是考博英语和其他各类英语考试最大区别。

词汇量是考博英语阅读能力和写作能力提高的根本。

词汇复习需要你制定一个详尽复习计划，忌好高骛远，要注重循序渐进的反复及“消化”过程。

对于重点词汇及同义词、反义词、派生词等区别、用法，要侧重记忆。

育明考博考博英语辅导老师根据多年的教学经验，为大家这部分的复习提出以下的建议：1)词汇复习书籍的选择。

建议你应该依据个人学习习惯和记忆模式去挑选资料。

例如，如果你习惯快速记背，遗忘规律遵循的时间较短，建议你选择全都是词汇的小册子作为第一轮单词复习的首选。

但是，无论你的记忆模式是怎样的，一定要认真的背完一遍。

2)找一本比较权威全面的语法书。

这样的资料容易帮助你重温各种语法的基本结构。

阅读和翻译中的长难句，是由各种简单结构组合而成的，所以语法复习尤为重要。

3)阅读训练要定期限时。

阅读分数在整张试卷中分值最高。

重要性我就不强调了。

既然阅读决定着英语分数的高低，自然在平时训练中也应该多多训练，而且建议大家每次阅读训练最好限定时间，这样有益于保证阅读速度的提高。

2015年上海大学考博报考分析及备考指导 一、招考介绍学校所属博士点招生总数硕博连读人数考博英语难易程度14年英语复试分数线21120个一级学科博士学位授权点、5个二级学科博士学位授权点341人59人高于六级40分二、联系导师在初步定好考博学校之后，就要和所报考院校中意的老师取得联系，询问是否有招生名额，能否报考，这是我们考博成功的关键第一步。

大多数考生会在九月中下旬与导师取得联系。

因为太早，学校里面直博名额什么的还没有确定，报考的导师也不清楚是否有名额；太晚的话，怕别的学生比你早联系就不好了。

一般情况下，导师对一个学生很中意的话，后来联系的学生，导师一般也不会答应其报考了。

在此说点题外话，联系导师的过程中，如果读研期间的导师有关系，可以尽量利用。

如果没有，也没关系，凭着自己的本事也是可以和考博导师很好的沟通的，这就要看自己了。

通常跟导师初次联系，都是发邮件。

导师回复邮件的情况一般有几种：（1）、欢迎报考。

这种答复最笼统，说明不了问题。

我们可以接着努力和老师多沟通，看看具体的进展，避免出现初试之后却没有名额的情况。

（2）、名额有限，可以报考，但有竞争。

很多人说这样的回复不满意，认为希望很小一般会被刷。

其实这样还是比较好的一种回答，最起码导师没有骗你而且给你机会去证明自己，考的好就可以上。

(3）、你的研究方向和我一样......各种一大堆他的研究方向和你相关，欢迎报考什么的话。

不可否认，这是最好的情况，你可以放心的去考，一般不会出问题的。

但不排除偶然，像出现直博和本学校的硕转博名额问题，可能会给我们的报考和录取产生影响。

总之考博凭的是实力和自身的本事，关系只是占一部分，自己努力了就行，不用过分纠结于导师回复有没有啥隐含意思的。

初次联系好导师后，一定要注意跟导师保持联系。

每半个月或者一个月向导师汇报一下学习情况或者复习情况，交流一下科研方向，这很有必要。

一方面让导师觉得你很想去跟他深造，另一方面显得你虔诚好学。

中国考博辅导首选学校
北京科技大学2015年考博英语阅读备考指南
如果想在阅读里面达到好的成绩，如果想能够通过硕士研究生考试，要从两个方面进行提升：第一，真的读懂这些文章，彻底地去读懂;第二，运用技巧。

全国免费电话：四零零六六八六九七八.2015考博交流群：一零五六一九八二零，联系我们扣扣：二四七八七四八零五四或者四九三三七一六二六。

对于大部分的同学而言，考博阅读文章的难度，超过了同学们的背景知识，背景知识不足以把文章都读明白，这个时候就是技巧，这些技巧老师在之前的班里曾经说过。

这里要说一些给2015年的考生，对于单词、生词不认识他们怎么处理，包括对于定语可以不看，包括如果是一个后置定语，用who引导的这些都可以充当为定语，只要你知道方法，正确答案的特征，包括正确答案里面具有深刻性、概括性，正确答案往往跟中心思想相关，来自于两个相反的选项之一，往往本身含有这种强烈的让步，这些东西如果各位同学记得比较牢固，也很容易把很多错误选项排除掉，我们对于任何一个题型，句子理解题，都有着这些相对来说比较好的解题思路，往往这种比较极端的态度，暴怒、轻蔑，这些往往不对，相对来说比较委婉的是很好的选择。

当各位同学有了读文章的能力，有了解题这样的技巧，相信各位同学，在2015年的考试过程当中，是可以在阅读理解当中取得不错的成绩。

本文由“育明考博”整理编辑。

博士研究生英语综合教程(一)
博士研究生英语综合教程
介绍
本教程是针对博士研究生英语综合考试的资深创作者整理的，旨在帮助考生全面提高英语综合能力。

教程结构
1.阅读理解
2.完形填空
3.词汇与语法
4.写作技巧
5.口语表达
1. 阅读理解
•提升阅读速度的方法
–划分段落
–掌握关键词
–忽略无关细节
•理解文章结构
–引言
–论点
–例证
–结论
•解答技巧
–找准定位词
–多练习题目
–注意选项中的陷阱
2. 完形填空
•掌握常见的词汇和词组
•注意上下文的逻辑关系
•利用选项中的关键词进行排除3. 词汇与语法
•备考词汇
–分级记忆法
–创造情境记忆
•复习语法
–重点掌握时态和语态的用法
–注意名词、代词和形容词的用法4. 写作技巧
•梳理思路
–理清写作要点
–列出关键词和关键句
•合理组织结构
–介绍段：引入主题
–主体段：论述观点
–结尾段：总结观点
5. 口语表达
•提高听力能力
–多听录音材料
–多参加口语训练班
•锻炼口语流利度
–多进行口语练习
–注意语音语调的准确性
以上是博士研究生英语综合考试的教程大纲，希望能对考生们有所帮助。

祝大家考试顺利！。