大学英语语法系列讲座
情态动词
中国地质大学（武汉）外语系许峰
情态动词(Modal V erbs)又称为情态助动词(Modal Auxiliaries)。英语中助动词主要有两类：一是基本助动词，如have，do，be等；二是情态助动词，如may，must，need等。情态动词与其他动词连用表示说话人的语气，可表达建议、要求、可能、意愿等。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。在大学英语考试中，情态动词部分主要重点测试以下内容：情态动词+动词完成式。
情态动词must, should, may(might),ought to, can(could),need, would等都可以与动词完成式连用作谓语，其模式为“modal verb+ have+ v-ed”。这类结构表示对过去所发生动作的推测或判断。但是，不同的情态动词所表示的意思又有所不同。
1.must+have+v-ed和can't/couldn't +have+ v-ed
“must+ have+ v-ed”表示对过去事情较有把握的、肯定性的推测，常译为“一定”，“准是”，“肯定”。当must用于推测意义时，其否定形式通常不是must not，而是can/could not。“can't/couldn't + have+ v-ed”表示对过去事情的否定性推测，常译为“决不可能”，“不太可能”。
例1：Since the ditch is full of water, it must have raine d last night.既然水沟里积满了水，可见昨天夜里一定是下过雨了。
例2：—You realize that you were driving at 100 mph, don't you?
—No, officer, I couldn't have been. This car can't do more than 80.
——“你刚开车的速度为每小时100英里，不知道吗?”
——“不，警官先生，我不可能开那么快，因为这辆车每小时的速度不可能超过80英里。”
经典考点1：Mary's score on the test is the highest in her class; She have studied very hard.(CET-4，1989年6月)
A)may B)should
C)must D)ought to
C。must have v-ed表示推测过去某事一定发生了；may/might have v-ed 表示推测过去某事也许发生了；should/ought to have v-ed表示“本应该…”，表达的是对过
去所发生的事情的一种责备、埋怨、反悔的情绪。C项符合题意。本题句意是：玛丽的考试分数是班上最高的；她一定学习非常用功。
经典考点2：You her in her office last Friday; she's been out of town for two weeks.(CET-4，1996年1月)
A)needn't have seen B)must have seen
C)might have seen D)can't have seen
D。can't have v-ed表示对过去发生事情的否定推测；D项符题意。needn't+
have v-ed表示过去做了本不必做的事。本题句意是：上星期你不可能在她办公室见到她，
她去外地已经两个星期了。
经典考点3：Mary my letter; otherwise she would have replied before now.(考研，1991年)
A)has received B)ought to have received
C)couldn't have received D)shouldn't have received
C。根据本句的后半句otherwise she would have replied before now可知，前半句应是一个表示与后半句相应的虚拟过去情况的句子。can't/couldn't have v-ed表示过去不可能发生某事，C项正合题意。A项不是虚拟语气时态，可排除。should/ought to have v-ed 表示过去应该做而实际却没有做。shouldn't/ought not to have v-ed表示过去本不应该做而实
际上却做了。B、D两项也不合题意。本题句意是：玛丽不可能收到我的信，否则她会马上回信的。
2.should/ought to +have+ v-ed和shouldn't/ought not to+ have+ v-ed
“should/ought to+ have+ v-ed”表示过去应该做的事情却没有做，常含有后悔、责备、埋怨的口吻，常译作“本应当…”，“应当…就好了”。“shouldn't/ought not to+ have +v-ed”表示过去不该做的事却给做了，也常含有责备、不满等意思，常译为“本不应该…”。
例1：With all the work finished, I should have gone to the party last night. 昨天晚上当所有工作完成之后，我本来应该去参加聚会的。
例2：You should not have gone back to work yesterday without the doctor's permission. 你昨天没有得到医生的允许，不应该回去工作的。
经典考点1：I didn't send out my application form last week, but I .(CET-6，1989年6月)
A)had B)would do
C)should have D)might have to
C。本题第一句意义为：我上星期没有发出申请表。根据前后的逻辑意义，
第二句应表示“我本应该发出”才是。C项should have后省略了sent out，正好表达了这种对过去所发生的事表示后悔的情绪，C项为正确答案。
经典考点2：With all his work on hand,he to the cinema last night.(CET-4，1989年6月)
A)mustn't go B)wouldn't go
C)oughtn't go D)shouldn't have gone
D。shouldn't have gone表示“本来不该去的，但实际上去了”的含义，
很明显说话人带有责备的意思。本题句意为：手头上有那么多工作，他昨晚本来不该去看电影的。
3.may/might+have+v-ed
“may/might+ have+ v-ed”表达对过去事情的推测，但不十分肯定。might比may语气缓和，口气更委婉；常译为“可能(或许)已经…”。
例1：A traffic accident happened yesterday and a driver may have been hurt. 昨天发生了一场交通事故，可能有个司机受了伤。
经典考点1：Research findings show we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what we during the day.(CET-4，1999年1月)
A)must have done B)would have done
C)should have done D)may have done
D。may/might have done表示对过去可能已发生的行为或存在的状态的一种推测，D项正合题意。本题句意是：研究结果表明，无论我们白天做了些什么，每天晚上我们都做大约两个小时的梦。
4.could+have+v-ed
“could+ have+ v-ed”表示过去有可能或有能力做某事，而实际未做、未能实现的事；有时也表示轻度批评，可译为“本来可以”。
例1：The gas leakage could have been avoided if the gas company took immediate measures after the warning call. 如果煤气公司接到报警后采取紧急措施，煤气泄漏本来是可以避免的。
5.needn't+have+v-ed
“needn't+ have+ v-ed”表示过去做了某事，但没有做的必要，即表达“本没必要…”之意。
例1：You needn't have done the washing up. I would have done it for you. 你本可不必洗那些餐具，我会替你洗的。
例2：I needn't have bought all that wine—only three people came. 其实我没有必要买这么多酒，因为只来了三个人。
经典考点1：I to him because he phoned me shortly afterwards.(CET-6，1990年6月)
A)ought to have written B)must have written
C)couldn't have written D)needn't have written
D。本题because从句表达的意思是：因为他之后不久给我打电话了，那么主句所表达的意思应为：我本不必给他写信的。A项意为“本应该给他写信的”；B项意
为“肯定给他写信了”；C项意为“决不可能给他写信了”，均与because从句的逻辑意义联系不上，都应排除。D项意为“本不必给他写信”，正合题意。
经典考点2：You all those calculations! We have a computer to do that sort of thing.(CET-4，1991年6月)
A)needn't have done B)must not have done
C)shouldn't have done D)can not have done
A。needn't have done表示“本来不必要做，但实际上做了”的含义，符
合题意“你本来不必做所有这些计算!我们有电脑来处理这类事情”。must not的意思是“不应、
不可以”，后面一般不接完成式；C项表示“本不应当做”，与句子意思衔接不上；D项表示“不可能做”，亦显然与全句意思接不上。
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情态动词精品学案 情态动词解读: ①本身有一定的词义，表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气的动词。 ②不能单独作谓语。 ③和其他动词原形构成谓语。 ④谓语动词之前。 ⑤无人称和数的变化。 ⑥否定式构成是在情态动词后面加“not”。 ⑦个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式，过去式可以用来表达更加客气、委婉的语气，时态性不强，可用于过去，现在或 将来。 经典例句： We can be there on time tomorrow. 我们明天能按时去那儿。 May I have your name? 我能知道你的名字吗？ Shall we begin now? 我们现在就开始吗？ How dare you treat us like that! 你怎么敢那样对待我们! We can't carry the heavy box. 我们搬不动那箱子。 情态动词考点： 1.情态动词表示推测。 2.情态动词的基本用法。 3.情态动词的答语。 1 / 17
常见情态动词： 情态动词有can (could), may (might), must, have to, shall (should, will (would), dare (dared), need (needed), ought to等。 情态动词的基本用法： 一、can, could 1) 表示能力（体力、知识、技能）时，等于be able to 。 a)Can you lift this heavy box?（体力） b)Are you able to lift this heavy box? c)Mary can speak three languages.（知识） d)Is Mary able to speak three languages? e)Can you skate?（技能） 此时可用be able to代替。 2) can表示请求和允许。 -----Can I go now? ----- Yes, you can. / No, you can’t. 此时可与may互换。在疑问句中还可用could, might代替，不是过去式，只是语气更委婉，不能用于肯定句和答语中。（特别注明：这是在表示请求和允许的时候。） ---- Could I come to see you tomorrow? ---- Yes, you can. (No, I’m afraid not. ) can't在否定句中可以表示命令，不允许，但是语气比mustn't弱，具有劝慰的意思. 3)can表示“有时会”： A kind person can lose temper sometimes. 4）表示与五种感官和知觉的动词连用。 I can hear/ see you clearly from here. You can imagine how annoyed she was ! 2 / 17
大学英语语法系列讲座 情态动词 中国地质大学（武汉）外语系许峰 情态动词(Modal V erbs)又称为情态助动词(Modal Auxiliaries)。英语中助动词主要有两类：一是基本助动词，如have，do，be等；二是情态助动词，如may，must，need等。情态动词与其他动词连用表示说话人的语气，可表达建议、要求、可能、意愿等。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。在大学英语考试中，情态动词部分主要重点测试以下内容：情态动词+动词完成式。 情态动词must, should, may(might),ought to, can(could),need, would等都可以与动词完成式连用作谓语，其模式为“modal verb+ have+ v-ed”。这类结构表示对过去所发生动作的推测或判断。但是，不同的情态动词所表示的意思又有所不同。 1.must+have+v-ed和can't/couldn't +have+ v-ed “must+ have+ v-ed”表示对过去事情较有把握的、肯定性的推测，常译为“一定”，“准是”，“肯定”。当must用于推测意义时，其否定形式通常不是must not，而是can/could not。“can't/couldn't + have+ v-ed”表示对过去事情的否定性推测，常译为“决不可能”，“不太可能”。 例1：Since the ditch is full of water, it must have raine d last night.既然水沟里积满了水，可见昨天夜里一定是下过雨了。 例2：—You realize that you were driving at 100 mph, don't you? —No, officer, I couldn't have been. This car can't do more than 80. ——“你刚开车的速度为每小时100英里，不知道吗?” ——“不，警官先生，我不可能开那么快，因为这辆车每小时的速度不可能超过80英里。” 经典考点1：Mary's score on the test is the highest in her class; She have studied very hard.(CET-4，1989年6月) A)may B)should C)must D)ought to 巧解 本题应选C。must have v-ed表示推测过去某事一定发生了；may/might have v-ed 表示推测过去某事也许发生了；should/ought to have v-ed表示“本应该…”，表达的是对过去所发生的事情的一种责备、埋怨、反悔的情绪。C项符合题意。本题句意是：玛丽的考试分数是班上最高的；她一定学习非常用功。 经典考点2：You her in her office last Friday; she's been out of town for two weeks.(CET-4，1996年1月) A)needn't have seen B)must have seen C)might have seen D)can't have seen 巧解 本题应选D。can't have v-ed表示对过去发生事情的否定推测；D项符题意。needn't+ have v-ed表示过去做了本不必做的事。本题句意是：上星期你不可能在她办公室见到她，她去外地已经两个星期了。 经典考点3：Mary my letter; otherwise she would have replied before now.(考研，1991年)
英语情态动词专项练习题及答案含答案解析 一、初中英语情态动词 1．— _______ you play tennis? —Yes, and I'm a good player. A. Can B. May C. Must D. Should 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：——你会打网球吗？——会，我是一名优秀的网球员。Can能，表示能力；may可以，表示允许；must必须，表示要求；should应该，表示建议；结合句意，此处表示能力，故用情态动词can，故选A。 【点评】此题考查情态动词的用法。 2．All passengers ______ go through safety check before they take a plane. A. can B. may C. must D. could 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：所有乘客登机前必须接受安全检查。A. can能够，表示能力；B. may可以，表示许可；C. must必须；D. could可能，可以。登机前必须安检。故选C。【点评】情态动词词义辨析。以及can、may、must、could四个词的词义和用法。 3．You be tired after walking for such a long time. Sit down and have a rest. A. can B. can't C. mustn't D. must 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意：走了这么长时间你一定很累了。坐下休息一下吧。can能，能够，can't不能，对事物进行否定推测；mustn't一定不是，禁止，must一定，对事物进行肯定推测，根据after walking for such a long time，可以肯定你一定很累，所以是进行肯定推测，情态动词使用must，故选D。 【点评】此题考查情态动词。弄清每个情态动词的使用规则，根据句意确定所使用的情态动词。 4．—Where is Mom now? —I'm not sure. She _________ be in the kitchen. A. shall B. may C. need D. must 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：—妈妈现在在哪里？—我不确定，她也许在厨房。A. shall 将要； B. may 可以，可能； C. need 需要； D. must必须，一定；根据I'm not sure可知是不确定；故选B。 【点评】此题考查情态动词表推测的用法。 5．—Who it be that is knocking at the door? —It be father, but I'm not sure.
（一） 情态动词常考点 （一） 表能力 can be able to will be able to could was/ were able to could have + ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?表示现在的能力 ：表示将来的能力 表示过去的能力 过去分词：表示过去有能力做但未做 如：I am starving to death 。I can eat two bowls of rice now 。 （现在的能力）我快饿死了，现在我能吃两碗米饭。 If you have a good sleep ，you will be able to work out this problem 。 （将来的能力）如果你好好睡一觉，你将能够解出这道题。 The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone was able to get out 。 （过去有能力做并且成功的做了某事）尽管这场大火迅速蔓延到了整个宾馆，但是每个人都能够逃出 去。 I could have worked out the problem ，but I didn ’t 。 （过去有能力做但未做）我本来可以解决这个问题，但没有解决。 （二） 表推测（可能性） 1. 可能性可分为客观的可能性和具体事情实际发生的可能性两种。所谓客观的（理论的）可能性即并不涉及具体某事是否会发生，此种用法常常可以说明人或事物的特征。情态动词can 可用于肯定句中表示客观的（理论的）可能性，而表示具体事情实际发生的可能性时，can 一般不用于肯定句。如： Accident can happen on such rainy days 。 这样的多雨天气有可能会发生事故。（客观的可能性） Peter may come with us tonight ，but he isn ’t sure yet 。 彼得今晚可能和我们来，但他还没确定。（实际可能性，不用can ） 2. 表示具体事情实际发生的可能性： （1）表示具体事情实际发生的可能性的层次比较 （2）表示具体事情实际发生的可能性时，may ，must 常用于肯定句，一般不用于否定句和疑问句（may not 表示“可能不”）；can 常用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中，表示疑惑、惊讶或不相信等意思；could 既可用于肯定句，又可用于否定句、疑问句中。如： This can ’t/ couldn ’t be done by him 。（表不相信） 这不可能是他做的。 This may not be done by him 。（表不确定） 这可能不是他做的。 He could be on his way home now 。（could 不如may/ might 常用） 他现在可能在回家的路上。 Can this be done by him ？（表示疑惑、惊讶） 这可能是他做的吗？ Mr. Bush is on time for everything 。How can it be that he was late for the opening ceremony ？（表示疑惑、惊讶） 布什先生做每件事都很按时。他怎么可能在开幕仪式上迟到呢？ I didn ’t hear the phone 。I must have been asleep 。（表肯定） 我没听到电话。我肯定已经睡着了。 3. would ，could ，might 并不一定与过去时间有关，而是表示可能性弱于他们相应的现在时形式。另外should 也不一定与过去时间有关。如： This may/ might be done by him 。（后者比前者语气弱）
第二十四讲 否定 英语中的否定结构形式多样, 有部分否定、全部否定、几乎否定、双重否定等。在译成 汉语时, 有时要将否定结构译成肯定含义, 有时又要将肯定结构译成否定含义; 有时在英语中否定主语, 可是译成汉语时就转换成否定谓语。诸如此类的现象很多, 值得探讨。 一、常用否定表示法 1. 部分否定 代词或副词如all, both, every, everybody, every day, everyone, many, everything, entirely, altogether, absolutely, wholly, completely, everywhere, always , often 等与not 搭 配使用时, 表示部分否定, 意为“并非都是, 不是每个都是”等。例如: Both of them are not my brothers . 他们两个不全是我的兄弟。 这一句是部分否定, 不可译成“他们两个都不是我的兄弟”。如要表达这个意思, 要说: Neither of them is my brother . All is not gold that glitters . = Not all is gold that glitters . 发光的并非都是黄金。 Every man can not do it . = Not every man can do it . 不是每个人都能做这件事。 I do not remember all these formulas . 这些公式我并非全都记得。 This kind of tree is not found everywhere . 这种树并非哪里都能找到。 Everyone can not answer this question . 并非每个人都能回答这个问题。 The rich are not always happy . 富人未必总是幸福的。 Every couple is not a pair . 成对成双多, 珠联璧合少。( = Not every couple is a pair . ) Not all her work is successful . 并非她所有的工作都是成功的。 Not every child wants to become a film star . 并非所有的孩子都想成为电影明星。 Every man cannot be a writer . 并非每个人都可成为作家。 She is not always excited . 她并非总是兴奋。 I don..t altogether agree with you . 我并不完全同意你。 He is not absolutely wrong . 他并不完全错。 I don..t wholly believe it . 我并不完全相信它。 She is not entirely mistaken . 她并没有完全弄错。 Note: 汉语有句成语:“明修栈道, 暗度陈仓”, 指的是一种虚虚实实、声东击西、使人莫辨真 相的战术, 表现了虚指与实指、形式与实质的不同。说来也巧, 英语语言中的否定结 构也往往具有这种形与实不符的现象, 形式上否定的是A, 但实际意义上否定的却 是B, 等等。这种否定的虚实移位, 往往造成歧义, 须细加辨别。 ①否定主语, 但否定词not 在形式上往往否定谓语, 也就是上文所说的“部分否定”。 全称代词all , both 等作否定句主语时, 都可能产生否定移位, 形式上否定全体, 但 实际上否定部分, 参阅上文。再如: Everybody can not enjoy the music . ( = Not everybody can enjoy the music . )并非 每个人都能欣赏这首曲子。
历年全国高考英语情态动词试题汇总及答案 一、单项选择情态动词 1．The door ________ open, no matter how hard she pushed. A．shouldn’t B．couldn’t C．wouldn’t D．mightn’t 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】 考查情态动词。句意：无论她怎么使劲推，门就是打不开。A. shouldn’t不应该；B. couldn’t 不能够；C. wouldn’t不愿意；D. mightn’t可能不。will及其过去式would均可表示一种倾向性、习惯。故选C。 2．He is a bad-tempered fellow, but he ________ be quite charming when he wishes. A．shall B．should C．can D．must 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】 考查情态动词辨析。句意：他是个脾气不好的家伙，但当他希望自己有魅力的时候，他可以变得相当可爱。此处表示“能、可以”，故C项正确。 3．— Mum, little Ray broke his toys again! —It doesn't matter. You see, accidents _____happen. A．shall B．should C．must D．will 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】 考查情态动词辨析。句意：——妈妈，小雷又弄坏了他的玩具。——没事的，你看，意外总会发生。A. shall将要，会；B. should应当；C. must必须；D. will总是。Will可以表示习惯，意思为“惯于，总是”。故D选项正确。 【点睛】 will/would是情态动词，其表达的意思如下。 (1)表示意志或意愿：决心，愿意，……好吗? We will do our best to save the child. 我们会尽力抢救这个孩子。 I told her to stop crying, but she just wouldn’t listen. 我叫她别哭，可她就是不愿听。 注：表示请求、建议或征求对方意见时，用Would you…? 比用Will you…?更婉转。如：Will/Would you please keep the door open? 请让门开着好吗? Will/Would you go with me? 你愿意和我一起去吗? (2)表示真理或习惯：惯于，总是。如：
第二十五讲 句式与修辞 在英语语言的实际运用中, 不宜总是用“主—谓—表”、“主—谓—宾”等简单句结构。 简单句容量小, 有局限性, 用多了会使句型呆板、单调, 千句一面, 文章乏味, 没有可读性, 因 而也就不能较好地表达思想。要使语言新鲜、生动、富有吸引力, 不断地变换句子结构、句型及表达方式, 是非常必要的, 也是可能的。比如, 同一思想往往可以用简单句、复合句或并列句表达, 可用分词短语表达, 也可用介词短语表达; 可用主动语态表达, 也可用被动语态表达; 可用肯定形式表达, 也可用否定形式表达; 可用直陈语气表达, 也可用虚拟语气表达, 等等。另外, 从修辞学的角度讲, 英语句子有松散句( loose sentence )、尾重句( periodic sentence)和平衡句(balanced sentence )之分。在松散句中, 主要信息或实质部分先出现, 后跟修饰语或补充性细节; 在尾重句中, 主要信息或实质部分出现在句尾或句子后半部分; 在平行句中, 信息同等重要, 句式结构相同, 并驾齐驱, 相互独立。同时, 行文时, 还可使用某些修辞手法, 如明喻、暗喻、夸张、拟人等, 从而更加形象地描写事物, 更加生动地说明事理。 英语句式变化多样, 修辞手法丰富多彩, 我们完全可以根据思想表达的需要, 利用各种 词句表现手法, 安排句子的各种成分, 以达到理想的表达效果。下面对英语的典型句式和 修辞进行综合考察, 通过转换对比, 揭示出英语行文造句的灵活性和多样性。 一、统一性 1 . 从属关系准则 在一个句子中(指复合句) , 如果要表达的是两个或两个以上的思想, 而这些思想同等重 要, 互不依附, 处于并列的地位, 那就要把它们当作并列句处理, 用并列连词( and, but , or 等)连接起来。例如: His father is a professor and his mother is a musician . 他父亲是一位教授, 母亲是一位 音乐家。 We love peace, but we are not afraid of war . 我们热爱和平, 但是我们并不怕战争。 .. 但是, 如果句子中所表达的两个或两个以上的思想不是同等重要的, 而是一个为主要思想, 其余的为次要的、附属性的思想(用以说明或限定主要思想) , 那就不能把它们当成并 列句处理, 而要用主从复合句或别的结构来处理。主从复合句只能用从属连词( when , where, so, because 等)连接, 不能用并列连词连接。 1)第一原则: 勿将句子中主要思想和次要思想的位置颠倒 The snow stopped when the old man died . (不妥) The old man died when the snow stopped . (正)雪停的时候, 老人去世了。 The waiters were serving coffee when the ship struck the rock and sank . (不妥) When the waiters were serving coffee, the ship struck the rock and sank . (正)服务 员上咖啡的时候, 船触礁下沉了。 2)第二原则: 勿在主从复合句中插入并列连词 He came out first in the football match , and which delighted us . (误) He came out first in the football match , which delighted us . (正)他在足球赛中获得 第一名, 这使我们都很高兴。 I have two brothers, but who are younger than I . (误) I have two brothers, who are younger than I . (正)我有两个兄弟, 年龄都比我小。
高考英语情态动词专项练习 Ⅰ. 单项选择 1.I thought you______like something to read, so I have brought you some books. A. may B. might C. could D. must 2. You____to the meeting this afternoon if you have something important to do. A. needn't to come B. don't need come C. don't need coming D. needn't come 3. He______ you more help, even though he was very busy. A. might have given B. might give C. may have given D. may give 4.─_______I help you with some shoes, madam? ─ Yes, I would like to try on those brown ones. A. Will B. Should C. May D. Must 5. The reason why they ____leave wasn't explained to us. A. had B. had to C. must D. might 6. I searched for my wallet and it wasn't there. I thought I___it at home. A. left B. have left C. might have left D. could have left 7. I_____asleep because it took me a long time to realize that the telephone was ringing. A. could have fallen B. should have fallen C. must have fallen D. mustn't have fallen 8. The only thing that really matters to the children is how soon they ______return to their school. A. can B. must C. have to D. ought to 9. I want to go to the chemist's, but you _____go with me.
高考英语情态动词及其解题技巧及练习题(含答案) 一、单项选择情态动词 1．It_____ have been Tom that parked the car here, as he is the only one with a car. A．may B．can C．must D．should 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】 考查情态动词表猜测的用法。句意：一定是汤姆把车停在这儿的，因为他是唯一有车的人。A. may可能；B. can可能；C. must一定；D. should应该。由as he is the only one with a car.可知一定是他把车停在这里的，非常有把握的肯定推测，故选C。 2．We’ll make the final decision on our scheme. ______ you change your mind, please inform us as soon as possible. A．Should B．Were C．Would D．Had 【答案】A 【解析】 【分析】 【详解】 考查虚拟语气。句意：我们将对我们的计划做最后决定。如果你改变主意，请尽快通知我们。根据语境，此处用虚拟语气，表示与将来相反，从句用should+动词原形，省略if，should提前，陈述句是：If you should change your mind……。故选A。 【点睛】 虚拟语气中的倒装 当虚拟条件句中含有 were，had，should时，可以将if省略，然后将 were，had，should，移至句首： 1）If he should fail, he would kill himself. →Should he fail, he would kill himself. 万一失败，他就会自杀。 2）If I were you, I would do it at once. →Were I you, I would do it at once. 假若我是你，我就会马上做。 要是我能做此事，我一定会做。 3）If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. →Had he seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. 他昨天要是看到了你，他就会问你这事了。 该小题属于上述的第一种情况。should作为情态动词，有一种特殊的用法：在虚拟条件状语从句中表示与将来事实相反的虚拟语气，可以把should放在句首，即主语前，从而省略从属连词if。原来的表述为：If you should change your mind。故选A。
高考英语情态动词知识点真题汇编及答案解析(4) 一、选择题 1．Skills like critical thinking and analysis ________ be found on the Internet, because they must be acquired in the context of facts. A．can’t B．needn’t C．mustn’t D．shouldn’t 2．—Can I pay the bill by check? —Sorry，sir．But it is the management rules of our hotel that payment _____ be made in cash．A．shall B．need C．will D．can 3．——I called you last night, but no one answered. ——Sorry, I____________ sleeping. A．need have been B．would have been C．must have been D．should have been 4．You ______ feel all the training a waste of time, but I'm a hundred percent sure later you'll be grateful you did it. A．may B．can C．should D．would 5．—Where is my dictionary?I remember I put it here yesterday. —You___it in the wrong place. A．must put B．should have put C．might put D．might have put 6．For all of the diligent students here, I give you my promise: Work hard, and you ________ be rewarded! A．can B．need C．shall D．could 7．Home is not just the place where you grow up. It ________ be a warm smile, a sincere hug, and a shoulder for you to cry on. A．must B．can C．will D．should 8．You ________ give me a lift. I want to walk home for exercise. A．needn’t B．couldn’t C．can’t D．mustn’t 9．-Jenny took the 8：00 bus to Guangzhou this morning. -Really? He＿＿the 9:00 train. It's much more comfortable and safer to travel by train. A．could have taken B．should take C．must have taken D．can take 10．--Is Jack still in hospital? --Yes. He _________ the bad food. A．wouldn’t eat B．shouldn’t eat C．wouldn’t have eaten D．shouldn’t have eaten 11．–Will you read me a story, Mummy? --OK. You ______have one if you go to bed as soon as possible. A．might B．must C．could D．shall 12．—I can’t think why he________ so angry. I mean no harm. —It’s typical of him to be sensitive(敏感的).
虚拟语气 一．虚拟语气在虚拟条件句中的应用。 虚拟条件是相对于真实条件而言的。如果假设的条件有可能发生或发生的可能性很大，就用真实条件句；反之，则用虚拟条件句。 如：If you don’t mind, I’ll turn on the radio. (I’m going to turn on the radio, if you ag ree.)真实条件句 If I were you, I would do it some other way. (I’m not you, so I can’t do it some other w ay.)虚拟条件句。 1．虚拟从句与主句的谓语构成。 （1）. 一般时态下的虚拟语气句子的谓语构成； 从句谓语：系动词be一律用were；行为动词一律用过去式 主句谓语：would; could; might; should + 动词原形 If I knew the truth, I would tell you. If I were you, I would receive his invitation. If there were no gravity, we should not be able to walk. （2）. 与过去事实相反的假设 从句谓语：had +过去分词 主句谓语：should; would; might; would + have +过去分词 If I had known that you were coming, I would have met you at the airport. If I had more time, I would have finished my work. You could have done better if you had been more careful. （3）. 与未来事实相反的假设 从句谓语：should; were to +动词原形 主句谓语：should; would; might; could +动词原形 If you should fail, what would you do? If you should encounter with any inconvenience, please don’t hesitate to let us know. If you were to try again, you might succeed. If the cover should have a crack in it, the harmful gas would come out and cause pollution. 注：1. 主句中第一人称用should，也可以用would，第二、第三人称只用would。要表达“能够”情态意义时，主句中要用could；要表达“可能”情态意义时，主句要用might。 2. If引导的含有were, should, had 的从句， if若省略，从句中的were, should, had前置，构成部分倒装，但部分谓语提前的话，否定词不能提前。 Ex. Had it not been for the reservoir we’d never been able to beat the drought. Had she been given some hints, she could have answered the questions. 2. 错综时间虚拟条件句 主句与从句所指的时间不一致，例如从句是过去的假设，而主句是现在的结果，或者相反，等等，这时就要按照各自表示的时间来调整动词的形式。 如：1. If I had a bike, I would have lent it to you yesterday. 2. If the weather had been more favorable, the crops would be growing still better. 3. If he had followed the doctor’s advice, he would be quite all right now. 3．含蓄虚拟条件句 有时句中并未出现引导的条件句从句，其假设情况是用以下的几种情况来表示或暗示的。 （1）. 介词短语 Ex. I could not have fulfilled the task without your help.
高考英语真题专项汇编卷（2017-2019）： 知识点03 情态动词和虚拟语气 1、The workers were not better organized, otherwise they ____________ the task in half the time. A. accomplished B. had accomplished C. would accomplish D. would have accomplished 2、What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we _________a good time together. A. had B. will have C. would have had D. had had 3、In today’s information age, the loss of data _________ cause serious problems for a company. A.need B.should C.can D.must 4、They might have found a better hotel if they _________ a few more kilometers. A.drove B.would drive C.were to drive D.had driven 5、I can’t find my purse. I___________ it in the supermarket yesterday, but I’m not sure. A.should leave B.must have left C.might leave D.could have left 6、If we ___________the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach now. A.had caught B.caught C.have caught D.would catch permission. 7、It’ｓ strange that he _______ have taken the books without the owner’ｓ A.would B.should C.could D.might 8、There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I _______ a second chance to become more involved. A.had B.will have C.would have had D.have had 9、My room is a mess, but I ___________ clean it before I go out tonight. I can do it in the morning. A.daren't B.shouldn't C.needn't D.mustn't 10、—Do you have Betty’s phone number? —Yes. Otherwise, I ___________ able to reach her yesterday. t have been A.hadn’t been B.wouldn’ C.weren’ｔ D.wouldn’t be 11、Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, ___________ easily reach the books on the top shelf.
2019高考英语专题复习情态动词（附答案） I. 考点分析 1. 情态动词有can , may , must , have to ,ought to , should ,need ,dare, used , had better ,would rather 等，可表示命令、允诺、请求、拒绝、愿望、愿意、义务、必要、可能、能力、需要、敢于等情态。 2. 情态动词没有人称和数的变化。Must , should , had better , would rather , 与ought to 没有时态的变化，只有一个形式。 3. 情态动词本身有词义，用来表示说话人的语气或情态，但因为词义不完全，所以不能单独用作谓语，必须和不带to 的不定式一起构成合成谓语。 4. 有些情态动词有过去式：can----could dare----dared may----might 5. 情态动词的否定式，一般是在情态动词后+not，如can not.也有例外：have not to , ought not to, had better not ,would rather not. used to有两种否定形式：used not to , didn’t use to,后者用的较多。 6. 注意情态动词+不定式的完成式的用法。这种结构表示过去发生的动作或状态。 Must + have +done ：表示对过去情况的一种肯定的推测与判断 May(might) + have + done：表示对已发生的事情的不太肯定的推测。might比may语气弱，表示把握更小。 Should(ought to)+ have + done：肯定句表示过去本应发生的事却没有发生；否定句表示不该发生的事却发生了。 Could + have + done：有时表示过去的时间，说明某事可能已发生，有时也表示过去本来可以作的事却未作。 Needn’t + have + done：表示本不必做的事却做了。 7. 情态动词也可以和动词的进行形式构成谓语，表示应当正在作某事，或想必正在作某事或既将、将要做某事。 You oughtn’t to be talking so much. He can’t be swimming all day.