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1、孟子在《万章下》中说：“颂其诗，读其书，不知其人，可乎？是以论其世也。是尚友也。”这里的“其人”是指(D)

A、圣人

B、今人

C、读者

D、作者

2、教材指出，孟子的“与民同乐”的文艺美学思想正是在其“仁政”与“民本”思想的前提下形成的。其哲学基础是孟子的(A)

A、“仁政”理论

B、人性无善恶理论

C、人性恶理论

D、人性善理论

3、孟子“知言养气”说中的“养气”应该是指作家应该(B)

A、静心修养，达到“虚静”的精神状态

B、从人格修养入手，培养自己高尚的道德品质

C、通过修炼，达到阴阳二气和谐一致

D、通过修炼，培养自己的阳刚之气

4、《庄子》文艺美学思想之核心，教材认为是(C)

A、“仁政”和人性论

B、“虚静”和“物化”

C、崇尚自然，反对人为

D、“得意忘言”和“言不尽意”

5、《庄子》“得意忘言”和“言不尽意”说主要是指(C)

A、文学作品只要思想正确，不必追求语言美

B、读者懂得作品主题思想即可，不必欣赏语言

C、文学作品要含蓄，有回味，追求意在言外

D、文学作品意思与语言并重，不能偏废

6、中国古代文学创作与理论偏于浪漫主义、象征主义，这是受到(B)

A、《孟子》“知言养气”说的影响

B、《庄子》较深的影响

C、孔子关于“诗可兴”、“可以怨”的影响

D、孔子“思无邪”说的影响

7、教材认为：司马迁通过分析屈原及其《离骚》的特点，揭示了一个真理：在中国文学发展史上，真正伟大的作品，大都是作家坚持理想和正确的政治主张，而遭到恶势力迫害后，为了抗争迫害而坚持斗争的产物。并在《报任少卿书》中根据历史上许多伟人的事迹，概括出了( B)

A．“疾虚妄”说 B．“发愤著书”说C．“养气”说 D．“讽谏”说

8、从《史记》对汉高祖和汉武帝的记述，我们可以清楚地看到司马迁的( C )

A．“究天人之际”的精神 B．“发愤著书”的精神

C．“实录”精神 D．“主文而谲谏”的精神

9、“《国风》好色而不淫，《小雅》怨诽而不乱。若《离骚》者，可谓兼之矣。”这几句话，据教材注释是出自( A )

A．司马迁《史记屈原列传》 B．《毛诗大序》

C．刘安《离骚传》D．司马迁《报任安书》

10、教材指出：《毛诗大序》认为：诗歌创作要合乎“发乎情，止乎礼义”的原则，而在揭露和批评黑暗方面，又必须( B )

A．“怨而怒” B．“主文而谲谏”C．“劝百而讽一” D．“风以动之，教以化之”

11、曹丕的“诗赋欲丽”作为文体论的观点与以前的文论有何区别?

答：1、“诗赋欲丽”是指诗歌、赋体应该（文辞）华美。曹丕以前还没有独立的、真正意义上的“文论”，文学基本上还没有独立出来，如《诗经》是“经”，并被看作文学作品。与以前的文论相比，说明曹丕看到了文学作为艺术区别于其它体裁文章的美学特征（即“丽”），认识到文学应该摆脱经学附庸的地位，这对于抒情文学的发展，有着特别深远的影响。曹丕的《典论文》表明，魏晋时代文学已经逐步走向自觉的时代。

2、这与以前“诗言志”的文论观点是不一样的。“诗言志”中所谓“志”，主要是指政治上的理想抱负。所谓“赋诗言志”是指借用或引申《诗经》中某些篇章来暗示自己某种政教怀抱。《左传》里常出现的“志”多指政治态度、理想抱负。到战国中期以后，由于对诗歌的抒情特点的重视，以及百家争鸣的展开，“志”的含义逐渐扩大，其作为人的思想、意愿、感情的一般意义开始受到了重视。譬如《离骚》“屈心而抑志”，“抑志而弥节”中“志”的内容除了屈原的政治理想抱负，还包括了这种理想抱负不能实现而产生的愤激之情，以及对谗佞小人的痛恨之情在内

12、《典论论文》批评了当时文坛上哪些不良现象？

答：1、曹丕批评了"文人相轻"的风气，认为"文人相轻，自古而然。"他在举例说明"文人相轻"的文坛事例后，分析这种风气的产生原因时说："夫人善于自见，而文非一体，鲜能备善，是以各以所长，相轻所短。里语曰：'家有弊帚，享之千金。'斯不自见之患也。"可以说，曹丕对"文人相轻"的风气的批评是相当深刻和实事求是的。

2、曹丕反对好古贱今，批评当时"贵远贱近，向声背实"的不良倾向，这种风气产生的原因在于失之于考察和盲目的迷信。他通过批评，实际上肯定了今胜于古，肯定了文学的进步和进化，是一种文学进化论的思想。肯定了今胜于古，这在当时也是一种难得的见解。

13、如何理解陆机“诗缘情而绮靡”的观点?这一论断对后世有什么影响?

答：1、陆机把当时最重要的文体——诗歌的审美特征概括为“诗缘情而绮靡”，明确地肯定了建安以来诗歌向抒情化发展的方向，比曹丕“诗赋欲丽”的提法更进了一步，更成为千古名言。陆机只讲抒情不讲言志，实际上是起到了使诗歌的抒情不受到“止乎礼义”的束缚的巨大作用，它使得诗歌突破了经学的控制，使得诗歌真正回到了它本来的审美面貌，使得诗真正为诗，文学真正为文学。尽管有少数封建正统文人对这一理论命题颇有微词，但是绝大多数诗人和文论家都认同这一深刻而又精辟的著名诗学命题。

2、“绮靡”并非“淫艳”、“侈丽”之意，而是指“精妙之言”，是没有贬义的。刘勰《文心雕龙》讲“《九歌》、《九辩》，绮靡以伤情”以及西晋文学“结藻清英，流韵绮靡”等，都没有贬斥含义。可以说陆机重视语言表达的形式问题，儒家只说文辞形式要为内容服务，可是陆机第一个明确提出形式的重要性，这一首创对于整个六朝文学重视语言艺术美起到了至关重要的作用

14、《文赋》是怎样阐述艺术构思的?

答：1、《文赋》的中心是论述以构思为主的创作过程。在正文之前，陆机写了一个序言提出“意不称物”、“文不逮意”。

2、构思准备：“伫中区以玄览”。指老庄那种虚静的精神状态，它可以使人不受外物和各种杂念干扰，统观全局，烛照万物，思虑清明，心神专一。

3、构思阶段：“精骛八极，心游万仞”。构思首先要进行丰富的艺术想象，而这种想象是可以超越时空局限的，具有无限的丰富性和广阔性。这是高度活跃的、无定规的一连串想象与联想，可上重天，可下九泉，

绝不是枯燥的理性思索。在艺术想象的过程中，作家的思维活动始终是与现实中的客观物象紧密结合在一起的，感情的逐渐鲜明与艺术形象的逐渐构成，是同步进行

15、在结构和布局方面，《文赋》有什么主张和阐述？

答：创作中的艺术表现阶段，包括如何安排文意和文辞两个方面，即“选义按部”和“考辞就班”，或者更准确地说，是如何运用文辞来把握文意的问题。结构应当按照表达内容的需要，采取多种多样的不同形式。陆机十分重视意的主导作用，以内容为主干，以文辞为枝叶陆机论述了在艺术表现过程中可能会出现种种复杂情况，主张作家要因情适宜，妥善地谋篇布局，形诸笔墨。

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