定语从句
一、知识点梳理
充当定语修饰名词或代词的从句称为定语从句。
被定语从句修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。
定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后，由一定的连接词引导，连接词称为关系代词（which,that,as,whom,who,whose）或关系副词（when,where,why）
1、限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句
⑴限定性定语从句
起对先行词进行限定、区分的作用。若去掉易产生歧义或使主句意义不明确。（此类定语从句前后没有逗号）
【eg】The dress that my mother bought for me is very beautiful.
我妈妈给我买的裙子很漂亮。
⑵非限定性定语从句
与先行词之间的关系比较松散，只对先行词起说明和描述的作用。若省去，剩余部分意义仍然完整，表达清楚。（此类定语从句前后用逗号隔开）
【eg】Your writings , which everyone admires , are very marvelous.
你的作品人人欣赏，实在是太了不起了。
Shakespeare , whose plays are popular , was a great writer.
莎士比亚是个伟大的作家，他的剧作很受欢迎。
⑶某些情况下，一个定语从句既可以作限定性定语从句，又可以作为非限定性定语从句，但二者含义有差别。
【eg】There are ten cars here which are made in China.
这里有十辆中国制造的车。（这里可能还有其他的车）There are ten cars here , which are made in China.
这里有十辆车，它们都是中国制造的。（这里只有十辆车）⑷that和why一般不引导非限定性定语从句，其他引导限定性定语从句的关系代词和关系副词都可以引导非限定性定语从句。
【eg】My elder brother , who is an engineer , is working abroad.
我的哥哥在国外工作，他是一个工程师。
Last year , I visited Quanzhou , which is a beautiful city in Fujian Province.
去年我游览了泉州，它是福建省一个漂亮的城市。
⑴which和that指物
①which和that引导的限定性定语从句表事物，可以在定语从句中
做主语或宾语。当他们在宾语从句中做宾语时，that和which常可以省略。
【eg】We must respect the custom here that has existed for hundreds of years.
我们必须尊重这里存在了数百年的习俗。（做主语）This is the book (that / which) I want to buy.
这就是我想买的那本书。（做buy的宾语）多数情况下，that和which 可以通用。
②在下列几种情况下，引导定语从句的关系代词多用that，不用或
少用which。
a 先行词前有形容词的最高级、序数词或the only , the very , the last等表绝对意义的词作修饰语。
【eg】This is the oldest tree that exists in the world.
这是世界上现存最老的一棵树。
The only thing ( that ) he is interested in is collecting stamps.
他唯一感兴趣的事就是集邮。
b 先行词为不定代词（anything , nothing , everything）或被little , few , much, any , no等修饰
【eg】All the songs ( that ) he sang are very popular here.
他唱的所有的歌在这儿都很流行。
Everything that should be done has been done..
一切应该做的事情都已经做了。
若先行词是something，定语从句用 that 和 which 都可以。
c 先行词既包括人又包括物
【eg】They talked of people and things ( that ) they remembered in England.
他们谈起了记忆中在英国的人和事。
d 当句中已有wh–疑问句，有时为了避免重复，用 that 引导定语从句而不用which。
③在下列几种情况下，一般使用which引导定语从句而不用that.
a 引导非限定性定语从句
【eg】China , which is the third largest country in the world , is playing an important part in the world affairs.
中国是世界上第三大国家，它在国际事务中起着重要的作用。
b that和which 在从句中作介词的宾语。
介词可以放在句末也可以提到关系代词前面。
介词放在句末时，关系代词可用that 和which ，也可省略。
介词提前到关系代词前时，只能用which 不能用that ，且which 不可省。
【eg】A bottle opener is a tool ( which / that ) bottles are opened with.
=A bottle opener is a tool with which bottles are opened.
开瓶器是一种用来开启瓶子的工具。
c 当关系代词后面有插入语。
【eg】I have received the invitation to your wedding which , as I have told you , made me very glad.
我已经收到你的婚礼请柬。这个邀请，正如我所告诉你的，使我感到万分荣幸。
d 若先行词是that，则用 which 引导定语从句。(that which的结
构通常出现在谚语中)
【eg】That which is evil is soon learned.
坏事易学。
④先行词是way时，引导定语从句的关系代词有三种形式:in which
/ that或不用引导词。
【eg】The way he speaks is unique.
=The way that he speaks is unique.
=The way in which he speaks is unique.
他说话的方式很奇特。
⑵who,whom 和that指人
①who和that在从句中既可做主语又可做宾语
whom 在从句中只可用做宾语。
当who , whom和that在从句中做宾语时，可以省略。
【eg】Do you know the girl who / that is talking with John over there?
你认识在那边和John说话的那个女孩吗？
The man (who / whom / that ) you have just talked with is our teacher.
刚才和你说话的那个是我们的老师。
②who , whom , that在从句中都可作介词的宾语。
介词可位于句末也可提到关系代词前。
介词位于句末时，关系代词可用who , whom或that，也可省略。
介词提到关系代词前时，只能用whom不能用that和who，并且whom 不可省。
（注意与2/⑴/③/b类比）
【eg】The man ( who / whom / that ) you have just talked with is our teacher.
=The man with whom you have just talked is our teacher.
刚才和你说话的那个人是我们的老师。
⑶ whose指人或指物，充当名词的修饰语，表示所属关系。
“whose+名词”=“名词+ of which”二者意思相同，可互换。【eg】Look at the house whose windows are round.
=Look at the house the windows of which are round.
看那座窗户是圆形的房子。
⑷ as引导的定语从句
①先行词有such 或the same 修饰，或者在as/so …as 的结构中，
都可用as
做关系代词来引导限定性定语从句。
【eg】I want to buy the same pen as you are using.
我想买一支和你用的那支一样的笔。
He used such expressions as he could find in the texts.
他使用在课文中可以找到的那些词语。
当the same修饰先行词时，引导定语从句的关系代词既可以用as也可用that。
区别：that引导的定语从句表示它所表述的事物与先行词是同一个。
as既可以表示“同一个”又可以表示“同类”。
【eg】This is the same book that I have lost.
这就是我丢失的那本书。
This is the same book as I have lost.
这本书和我丢失的那本一模一样。
②as引导非限定性定语从句
as引导非限定性定语从句,修饰的是前面的整个句子。
which 也有这种用法,两者在大部分情况下可互换。
【eg】She has just cried , as / which I could see from her swollen eyes.
她刚刚哭过，我从她红肿的眼睛就可以看出。
As is known to all , China is the third largest country
in the world.
众所周知，中国是世界上第三大繁荣国家。
which引导非限定性定语从句和引导的非限定性定语从句的区别：
a which从句只能放在句末，而as从句可位于句首、句中、句末。【eg】Mark Twain , as we all know , is a great writer.
众所周知，马克?吐温是一位伟大的作家。
b 当主句是否定句时，as不能用 which 来替换。as从句所修饰的范围并不包括主句的否定意义。
【eg】Spiders are not insects , as many people think.
蜘蛛并非像许多人所想的那样是昆虫。
3、关系副词when , where , why的使用
关系副词where , when , why在从句中分别做地点状语、时间状语和原因状语。他们经常可以用“介词+ which ”来替代
⑴when可替换为 on / at / in / during + which , 在定语从句中做时间状语。
【eg】I still remember the day when / on which we first met.
我还记得我们初次见面的那一天。
Do you still remember the summer vacation when / during which we visited a lot of places in Beijing?
你还记得我们在北京游览了很多地方的那个暑假吗？
⑵ where可替换为 at / in / to + which ，在定语从句中跟在表地点的名词后面做地点状语。
【eg】That is the school where / at which I used to study.
那就是我过去学习过的学校。
Think of a place where / to which we can go for a swim.
想一个我们可以去游泳的地方。
⑶ why 可替换为for which ，引导先行词为reason的定语从句，表示原因。
【eg】This is the reason why / for which he was late.
这就是他迟到的原因。
⑷关系副词when , where , why 引导定语从句时一般可用that替换，也可省略。
【eg】She is always busy working from the time ( when / that )
she gets up in the morning till the time ( when / that )
she goes to bed.
她总是很忙，从早上起床一直到上床睡觉，她都在工作。
That is the place ( where / that ) I went before.
那就是我们从前去过的地方。
Do you know the reason ( why / that ) he left the company?
你知道他离开公司的原因吗？
二、例题
1、（）The flood overflowed the riverbanks , ______ frequently happened in that area.
A as it
B which
C it
D such
2、（）This is the best novel ______ we have read in recent years.
A which
B that
C as
D so
3、（）All ______ is a large sum of money.
A what is needed
B that is needed
C the thing needed
D for their needs
4、（）Read the text a second time and you will probably know what the principle ______ a hovercraft works.
A is on that
B has on which
C is on which
D on which
5、（）The way ______ he gives his performances is appreciated by his fans.
Which of the followings is wrong?
A /
B which
C in which
D that
6、（）My assistant , ______ carefully read through the instructions before doing the experiment , did not get satisfactory results.
A who thought
B even who
C who had
D who having
7、（）In the dark streets , there was not a single person ______ she could turn for help.
A that
B who
C from whom
D to whom
8、（）The neighbourhood factory , ______ workers are all women , turns out toys
of fine quality.
A there
B which
C whose
D when
9、（）He is such an outstanding leader ______ is loved by the people throughout the country.
A as
B that
C which
D who
10、（）The can opener is easy to handle , ______ is shown in the picture.
A as it
B as
C that
D since
11、（）Everything was quite all right ______ one day ______ she got into trouble.
A not until ; when
B until ; before
C not until ; before
D until ; when
12、（）A fast food restaurant is the place ______ ,just as the name suggests , eating is performed quickly.
A which
B where
C there
D what
13、（）The plane was delayed , ______ was that the weather was terrible.
A the reason why
B the reason for it
C the reason of it
D the reason for which
14、（）Do not let the child who is ______ swim in rivers.
A not old enough
B too young to
C not old enough to
D young enough to
15、（）I think you have got to the point ______ ,a change is needed , otherwise you will fail.
A when
B that
C where
D which
三、巩固练习
1、（）Is this university ______ they paid a visit to last month?
A which
B where
C the one
D which you
2、（）I will never forget the days ______ we spent together in the village.
A /
B when
C what
D how
3、（） ______ is mentioned above , the number of the students in senior high schools is increasing.
A Which
B As
C That
D It
4、（）I was late for school this morning because of the traffic jam ______ I
was caught.
A which
B where
C in which
D when
5、（）Has everything ______ can be done ______ done?
A / ; /
B / ; been
C that ; been
D that ; be
6、（）Can you find me something ______ ?
A to open the tin
B that I can open the tin
C I can open the tin with
D by which to open the tin
7、（）Water dissolves a part of nearly everything ______ it comes in contact.
A where
B with which
C that
D as soon as
8、（）The size of the audience , ______ we had expected , was well over 500.
A whom
B that
C who
D as
9、（）The shop assistant I spoke ______ nothing.
A to say
B to said
C said
D tell
10、（）When the mid-term exam was over , I went fishing - ______ I had not done
for weeks.
A anything
B everything
C nothing
D something
11、（）Tigers live in forests , ______ there are plenty of other animals for them to hunt for food.
A when
B if
C as
D where
12、（）I am going to buy the same bicycle ______ you are using now.
A that
B which
C as
D like
13、（）This is the same watch ______ I lost.
A which
B as
C that
D but
14、（）-How far apart do they live?
-______ I know ,they live in the same neighbourhood.
A As long as
B As far as
C As well as
D As often as
15、（）Yesterday I bought a Chinese painting ______ was very reasonable.
A which price
B the price of which
C its price
D the price of whose
key:
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2020考研语法指导：定语从句详解 定语从句是英语学习的难点，也是考研英语考查的重点。掌握考研英语的定语从句需要掌握以下几个方面： 一、定义 定语从句是指在句中做定语作用，修饰句中的名词或代词的从句，其中被修饰的名词或代词为先行词。当关系代词作定语从句的主语时，其后的谓语动词的人称和数取决于先行词的人称和数。 二、定语从句的结构 定语从句一般位于先行词的后面，定语从句由关系代词who, whom, whose, that, which , that, as 和关系副词when, where, why 等引导。 一）关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中做主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 1） who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中做主语和宾语。例如：Is he the m an who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中做主语） He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中做宾语） （2） whose用作关系词表示所属格，也可看作是关系形容词，因 为它后面必须接一个名词连用。不能单独使用。例如:
? They rushed over to help the man whose car had broke n down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。 (3) which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可做主语、宾语等。作宾语时常可省略。例如： ? A prosperitywhich / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside? 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which / that在句中作宾语) 二)关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。 (1)关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于“介词+ which ”结构，所以常常和“介词+ which ”结构交替使用。例如： There are occasionswhen (on which )one must yield? 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。 Beijing is the placewhere in which ) I was born?北京是我的出生地。 Is this the reason why ( for which )he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们协助他的理由吗？ (2)that代替关系副词，能够用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和“介词+ which ”引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略。例如：
高中高一英语定语从句语法复习 一．几个基本概念 1.定语从句的定义：用作定语的从句叫定语从句。 2.先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。 3.定语从句的位置：紧跟先行词（名词或代词）之后。 4.引导词：引导定语从句的词（包括关系代词和关系副词）。 ﹙1﹚关系代词：that/who/whom/which/as ﹙2﹚关系副词：when/where/why 5.引导词的位置：位于定语从句之前（先行词之后）。【as除外】 6.引导词的功能（作用）： ﹙1﹚连接先行词和定语从句。 ﹙2﹚在定语从句中充当一定的成分（关系代词充当主语或宾语，关系副词充当状语）。 7.定语从句的类型： ﹙1﹚限定性定语从句（主句和定语从句之间无逗号）。 ①直接由引导词引导定语从句 The man who you’re talking to is my friend. ②由介词+关系代词（whom/which）引导 The man to whom you’re talking is my friend. I need a pen with which I can write a letter. =I need a piece of paper on which I can write a letter. 介词的选用可根据从句中的相关词组确定，该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前，也可放在从句之尾。例如： The man (who/whom/that) I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University. =The man about whom I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University. The palace (which/that) I often pay a visit to was built in the 17th century. =The palace to which I often pay a visit was built in the 17th century. ﹙2﹚非限定性定语从句（主句和定语从句之间用逗号隔开）。 ①直接由引导词引导定语从句。 ②由介词+关系代词（whom/which）引导。 I live in a house far away from the city, in front of which is a big tree. There is an apple tree standing at the gate, on which are many apples. This is the man to whom I gave the book. ③由“代词/名词+of+whom/which”或“of which/ whom +名词/代词”(先行词指 人用whom,指物用which)引导。One, some, any, none, all, both, several, many, most, neither, either等词、数词、分数或百分比与of whom或of which连用。 He has five children, two of whom are abroad. (比较：He has five children, and two of them are abroad.)
高中英语语法定语从句总复习 郴州资兴三中李俊才 定义：用来说明主句中某一名词或代词（有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一部分）而起定语作用的句子叫 作定语从句。 一、关系带词引导的定语从句 1. 关系代词用来指代先行词是人或物的名词或代词 句子成分用于限制从句或非限制性从句只用于限制性从句 代替人代替物代替人或物主语Who which 主语Whom which that 宾语Whose (=of whom) Whose (=of which) that 例１：This is the detective who came from London. 例２：The book which I am reading is written by Tomas Hardy. ２．关系代词的用法 (1) 如果先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that，不用which。例如： All the people that are burst into tears.（所有人都迸出眼泪。） (2) 如果先行词被形容词最高级以及first, last, any, only, few, most, no, some, very等词修饰，关系代词常用that,不用which, who，或whom。 (3) 非限制性定语从句中，不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。 There are about seven million people taking part in the election, most of whom、are well educated. (4) which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分 概念。在这种从句中，which可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思是与and this 相似，并可以指人。例如： He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very happy. (5) that可指人或物，在从句中作表语，（指人作主语时多用who）仅用于限制性定语从句中。
高中英语语法系列：定语从句 知识要点 1.关系代词和关系副词的选用 2.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别 3.几组的关系词特殊用法 一、定义：在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。 The happy man who lives next to me sells vegetables. You must do everything that I do. 被定语从句修饰的词，叫先行词。比如上面两句中的man和everything. 引导定语从句的词，叫关系代词和关系副词。比如who,whom,that,which,wh ere,when,why等 关系词三重作用：①连接主从句；②指代先行词；③在定语从句中担任句子成分。 The man who lives next to me sells vegetables. 该句中，who lives next to me是定语从句，修饰先行词the man，“who”是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词the man，在定语从句中作主语。 二、关系词 引导定语从句的关系代词有who,whom,which,that,whose,as等和关系副词w here,when,why等。关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中担任句子成分。
1.用关系代词that,which,who,whom引导的定语从句 who指人，用作主语 whom指人，用作宾语 which指物，用作主语、宾语皆可 that指人和物，用作主语、宾语皆可 The teacher who visits our school today is from Guangzhou. Mrs Read is the person whom you should write to. They planted some trees which didn’t need much water. The fish(which)we bought this morning were not fresh. A plane is a machine that can fly. The noodles(that)I cooked were delicious. 2.用关系代词whose引导的定语从句： 先行词既可指人，也可指物，一般译为“谁的”“什么东西的”，请看例子 The room whose window faces south is mine. 3.用关系副词when、where、why引导的定语从句 (1)when在从句中作时间状语 October lst,1949is the day when(=on which)the People’s Republic of Chin a was founded. (2)where在从句中作地点状语 I recently went to the town where(=in which)I was born. (3)why在从句中作原因状语 The reason why(=for which)he was late was that he missed the train.
英语语法讲解之定语从句 时间：2016-08-12作者：来源：学习方法网 一．几个基本概念 1.定语从句的定义：用作定语的从句叫定语从句。 2.先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。 3.定语从句的位置：紧跟先行词(名词或代词)之后。 4.引导词：引导定语从句的词(包括关系代词和关系副词)。 ﹙1﹚关系代词：that/who/whom/which/as ﹙2﹚关系副词：when/where/why 5.引导词的位置：位于定语从句之前(先行词之后)。【as除外】 6.引导词的功能(作用)： ﹙1﹚连接先行词和定语从句。 ﹙2﹚在定语从句中充当一定的成分(关系代词充当主语或宾语，关系副词充当状语)。 7.定语从句的类型： ﹙1﹚限定性定语从句(主句和定语从句之间无逗号)。 ①直接由引导词引导定语从句 The man who you’re talking to is my friend. ②由介词+关系代词(whom/which)引导 The man to whom you’re talking is my friend. I need a pen with which I can write a letter.
=I need a piece of paper on which I can write a letter. 介词的选用可根据从句中的相关词组确定，该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前，也可放在从句之尾。例如： The man (who/whom/that) I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University. =The man about whom I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University. The palace (which/that) I often pay a visit to was built in the 17th century. =The palace to which I often pay a visit was built in the 17th century. ﹙2﹚非限定性定语从句(主句和定语从句之间用逗号隔开)。 ①直接由引导词引导定语从句。 ②由介词+关系代词(whom/which)引导。 I live in a house far away from the city，in front of which is a big tree. There is an apple tree standing at the gate，on which are many apples. This is the man to whom I gave the book. ③由“代词/名词+of+whom/which”或“of which/ whom +名词/代词”(先行词指 人用whom，指物用which)引导。One，some，any，none，all，both，several，many，most，neither，either等词、数词、分数或百分比与of whom或of which连用。 He has five children，two of whom are abroad. (比较：He has five children，and two of them are abroad.) We have three books，none of which is/are interesting. (比较：We have three books，but none of them is/are interesting.) 除why和that不能引导非限定性定语从句外，其余引导词都可以，用法同限定性定语从句一样。但要注意以下区别。
非限定性定语从句是英语语法中从句的一种，是定语从句的分支之一。作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常和主句间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立。运用非限定性定语从句，尤其要注意其语法运用及其所表示的东西。 1 who引导的非限制性定语从句 Our guide，who was a French Canadian，was an excellent cook. 我们的向导，一个法裔加拿大人，擅长于烹调。 My gardener，who is very pessimistic，says that there will be no apples this year. 我家的园丁非常悲观，他说今年将不结苹果。 2 whom引导的非限制性定语从句。 关系代词whom用于指人，在句中作动词宾语和介词宾语，作介词宾语时，介词可位于句末。 如：Peter, whom you met in London, is now back in Paris. 彼得现在回巴黎了，你在伦敦见过他。 Mr Smith，from whom I have learned a lot，is a famous scientist. 史密斯先生是一位著名的科学家，我从他那儿学了许多东西。 3 whose引导的非限制性定语从句。 whose是关系代词who的所有格形式，在从句中作定语。whose通常指人，也可指动物或无生命的事物。 如：The boy, whose father is an engineer, studies very hard. 那位小男孩学习很努力，他的父亲是位工程师。 Above the trees are the mountains, whose magnificence the river faithfully reflects on the surface. 在树林的高处是山，其壮丽的景色完全映照在河面上。 The play，whose style is rigidly formal，is typical of the period. 这剧本是那个时期的典型作品，风格拘谨刻板。 4 which引导的非限制性定语从句。 关系代词which在非限制性定语从句中所指代和修饰的可以是主句中的名词、形容词、短语、其他从句或整个主句，在从句中作主语、动词宾语、介词宾语或表语。 ①which指代主句中的名词，被指代的名词包括表示物、婴儿或动物的名词、表示单数意义的集体名词以及表示职业、品格等的名词。 如：These apple trees，which I planted three years ago，have not borne any fruit. 这些苹果树是我三年前栽的，还没有结过果实。 She is an artist，which I am not. 她是一位艺术家，而我不是。 Water，which is a clear liquid，has many uses. 水是一种清澈的液体，有许多用途。 The two policemen were completely trusted，which in fact they were. 那两个警察完全受到信任，事实上，也真是如此。 ②which指代主句中的形容词。 如：She was very patient towards the children，which her husband seldom was. 她对孩子们很耐心，她丈夫却很少这样。 She is always careless，which we should not be. 她总是马虎大意，我们可不应该这样。 ③which指代主句中的某个从句。
高中英语定语从句讲解及练习 定语从句是高中重点知识，也是高考常考点，大家也不容易掌握，这篇文章主要教你关系代词引导的定语从句 关系副词引导的定语从句判断关系代词与关系副词限制性和非限制性定语从句等内容，有例题讲解定语从句在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。 关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。 关系副词有：when, where, why等。 18.1 关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 1）who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。例如： Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语） He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语） 2）whose 用来指人或物，（只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）。例如： They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。 Please pass me the book whose （of which）cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。 3）which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。例如： A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语） The package （which / that）you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。（which / that在句中作宾语） 18.2 关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。 1）关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于\"介词+ which\"结构，因此常常和\"介词+ which\"结构交替使用。例如： There are occasions when （on which）one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。 Beijing is the place where（in which）I was born.北京是我的出生地。 Is this the reason why （for which）he refused our offer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？ 2）that代替关系副词，可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和\"介+which\"引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略。例如： His father died the year （that / when / in which）he was born.他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。 He is unlikely to find the place （that / where / in which）he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。 18.3 判断关系代词与关系副词 方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如： This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. 这是我去年呆过的山村。 I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。 判断改错： （错）This is the mountain village where I visited last year. （错）I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. （对）This is the mountain village （which）I visited last year. （对）I'll never forget the days （which）I spent in the countryside. 习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。 方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、谓、宾、定、状），也能正确选择出关系代词/关
2019年高中英语语法填空专题分类训练--定语从句（含详解） 1.Maybe you have a habit is driving your family crazy. 2.The Science Museum,__________ we visited during a recent trip to Britain, is one of London's tourist attractions. 3.He wrote many children’s books,nearly half of__________were published in the 1990s. 4.Felicity Killer, a 32-year-old British woman, __________ has a Chinese husband, still remembers the excitement when she first learnt to use the “Red Packet” function on WeChat in 201 5. 5.We shouldn’t spend our mo ney testing so many people, most of__________are healthy. 6.In most cases, college graduates don't mind what job they will do so long as it is one__________ they can earn money to support themselves. 7.Do you still remember those occasions__________we walked and talked in the park? 8.Whatever is left may be put into the refrigerator,_________it can keep for two or three weeks. 9.__________is known to us all,he has a gift for music. 10.My eldest son, __________work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment. 11.The old man remembered the very day__________he met the country’s president. 12.The books on the desk,__________covers are shiny, are prizes for us. 13.He met my brother, from __________he got the news of my marriage. 14.I can still recall the day__________ I sat on the stairs of a temple in Nepal. The square in front of the temple became very muddy as a result of the rain. 15.No one had tried to understand what the real problem was except the headmaster,__________ helped me out simply by listening and hugging. 16.Everything__________ is about a person can help us to know him,from his appearance to the kind of food he eats. 17.Mencius believed that the reason__________man is different from animals is that man is good. 18.The humans are destroying nature day by day,__________, of course, will cause severe punishment from it sooner or later. 19.Many young people, most of__________ were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams. 20.He wrote a lot of novels, many of__________were translated into foreign languages. 21.The thought of going back home was all__________kept him happy while he was working abroad. 22.Although he had little formal education, Carnegie grew up in a family__________ members believed in the importance of learning. 23.He is now reading a book about a scientist,__________he dreams to be. https://www.doczj.com/doc/7716258433.html,s Vegas has many wonderful restaurants__________ you can enjoy many different kinds of food. 25.If we are not careful,then,we could face a kind of global chess match against very determined,super intelligent machines__________objectives conflict with our own,with the real world as the chessboard.
Unit 9语法导学案：定语从句专题讲解 基本概念: 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句 Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting just now? That is th^ouse where h e lived ten years ago. 定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词；定语从句一般用关系代词或关系副词来引导，关系词放在先 二、定语从句的关系词 引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that，which，who （宾格whom，所有格whose）等，关系畐寸词包括where, when，why 等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语 从句的重要成分。定语从句的谓语动词由先行词来决定。 三、定语从句的分类 根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性 定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去，非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。 四、关系代词的用法 时不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如： Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。（that 作主语）The coat （that）I put on the desk is blue我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。 （that作宾语） 2. which用于指物，在句中作主语或宾语，作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如： The buildi ng which sta nds n ear the train stati on is a supermarkets 于火车站附近的那
高中英语定语从句详解 Ⅰ. 概念： (1) 定语从句：在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧接在先行词(antecedent)后面。 (2) 先行词：被定语从句修饰的成份。先行词可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句。 (3) 引导定语从句的词叫关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词。 关系词的作用： 1) 引导定语从句，连接主句和从句，相当于一个连词； 2) 必在从句中作某个句子成份（可以做主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语） 常用的关系代词: that、which、who、whom、whose,当关系代词在定语从句中做宾语时，关系代词可以省略。 常用的关系副词（在从句中只作状语）: when（时间状语）、why（原因状语）、where（地点状语） 可以修饰人的关系代词：that, who, whom, whose 可以修饰事的关系代词：that, which, as, whose, The student who answered the question was John. I know the reason why he was so angry. The boy (whom) you are talking to is my brother. I'd like a room whose window faces the sea. 定语从句三步： 第一找出先行词； 第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语、表语或状语）； 第三选择合适的关系词。 Ⅱ. 几个关系代词的基本用法： ●that: 可指人或物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语。(指人时，相当于who 或whom；指物时，相当于which)(一般不用于非限制性定语从句; 不可置于介词后作宾语) 如： 1. A letter that/which is written in pencil is difficult to read. (主语) 2. Do you know the gentleman that/who spoke just now? 3. You can take anything ( that) you like. （宾语） 4. What is the question (that/which) they are talking about? 5. Here is the man ( who/whom/that ) you want to see. 6. She's no longer the girl ( that) she used to be before.（表语） 7. Our hometown is no longer the one (that) it used to be. （= Our hometown is not the same as it used to be. = Our hometown is different from what it used to be。 = Our hometown is not what it used to be.） ●which: 指物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语。如： 1. The book which/that was on the desk was bought by my father.（主语） 2. The book (which/that) I bought yesterday is very interesting.（宾语） ●who, whom, whose: who: 主格, 在从句中作主语，只可指人 whom: 宾格，在从句中只能作宾语; 只可指人 whose: 表所属关系，在从句中作定语。译为：某人的，某物的
高中定语从句详细讲解 （一）定义及相关术语 1．定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。 2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。 3．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有when, where, why等。 关系词通常有下列三个作用：A、引导定语从句；B、代替先行词；C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。例如： The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. 该句中，who is shaking hands with my father 是定语从句，修饰先行词the man，“who”是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词the man，在定语从句中作主语。 （二）关系代词引导的定语从句 1．who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。 The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning. 想去博物馆的人必须在明晨7点到大门口集合。 Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way. 昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。That is the teacher who teaches us physics. 那就是教我们物理的老师。2．whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。 Mr Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about on the bus. 刘先生就是你们在公共汽车上谈论的那个人。 Li Ming is just the boy ( whom ) I want to see. 李明正是我想要见的男孩。 The professor ( whom ) you are waiting for has come. 你正在等的教授已经来了。 The girl ( whom ) the teacher often praises is our monitor. 老师经常表扬的那个女孩是我们的班长。 注意：关系代词whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替，也可省略。 The man ( whom / who )you met just now is my old friend. 3．Which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。 Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动。 The factory which makes computers is far away from here. 制造计算机的那家公司离这儿很远。 He likes to read books which are written by foreign writers. 他喜欢外国作家写的书。 The house which is by the lake looks nice. 湖边的那幢房子看上去很漂亮。 This is the pen ( which ) he bought yesterday. 这是他昨天买的钢笔。 The film ( which ) they went to see last night was not interesting at all. 他们昨晚看的电影一点意思也没有。 4．That 指人时，相当于who 或whom；指物时，相当于which.。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。 The number of people that / who come to visit this city each year reaches one million. 每年来参观这座城市的人数达一百万。 Where is the man that / whom I saw this morning? 我今天早上看到的那个人在哪儿？
高中英语定语从句语法复习 (名师精讲必考知识点，值得下载练习) 一．几个基本概念 1.定语从句的定义：用作定语的从句叫定语从句。 2.先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。 3.定语从句的位置：紧跟先行词（名词或代词）之后。 4.引导词：引导定语从句的词（包括关系代词和关系副词）。 ﹙1﹚关系代词：that/who/whom/which/as ﹙2﹚关系副词：when/where/why 5.引导词的位置：位于定语从句之前（先行词之后）。【as除外】 6.引导词的功能（作用）： ﹙1﹚连接先行词和定语从句。 ﹙2﹚在定语从句中充当一定的成分（关系代词充当主语或宾语，关系副词充当状语）。 7.定语从句的类型： ﹙1﹚限定性定语从句（主句和定语从句之间无逗号）。 ①直接由引导词引导定语从句 The man who you’re talking to is my friend. ②由介词+关系代词（whom/which）引导 The man to whom you’re talking is my friend. I need a pen with which I can write a letter. =I need a piece of paper on which I can write a letter.
介词的选用可根据从句中的相关词组确定，该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前， 也可放在从句之尾。例如： The man (who/whom/that) I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University. =The man about whom I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University. The palace (which/that) I often pay a visit to was built in the 17th century. =The palace to which I often pay a visit was built in the 17th century. ﹙2﹚非限定性定语从句（主句和定语从句之间用逗号隔开）。 ①直接由引导词引导定语从句。 ②由介词+关系代词（whom/which）引导。 I live in a house far away from the city, in front of which is a big tree. There is an apple tree standing at the gate, on which are many apples. This is the man to whom I gave the book. 先行词指 ③由“代词/名词+of+whom/which”或“of which/ whom +名词/代词”（ 人用whom,指物用which)引导。One, some, any, none, all, both, several, many, most, neither, either等词、数词、分数或百分比与of whom或of which连用。 He has five children, two of whom are abroad. (比较：He has five children, and two of them are abroad.) We have three books, none of which is/are interesting. (比较：We have three books, but none of them is/are interesting.) 除why和that不能引导非限定性定语从句外，其余引导词都可以，用法同限定 性定语从句一样。但要注意以下区别。 1.在形式上非限定性定语从句与主句有逗号隔开。 2.非限定性定语从句的作用：它只是补充说明先行词的情况，翻译时可译成两个 句子。 The engineer, whose leg was badly hurt, was quickly sent to hospital. （那位工程师被很快送往医院，其腿部受了重伤） The engineer whose leg was badly hurt was quickly sent to hospital. （那位腿部受了重伤的工程师被很快送往医院）