新东方30天笔记词汇语法 (3)

attention/efforts/thoughts upon 提供机会/信息：provide/offer/furnish an opportunity/information
for sb. 抓住机会：grab/seize/take the opportunity 得到机会：enjoy/gain access to a opportunity/information 有 可 能 ： there is (little/much) possibility/likelihood that,
sth. 意 识 到 ： there is a growing awareness/realization of/that,
awaken sb. to the fact/danger 适应新的形势/变化：adapt/adjust/accommodate oneself to new
environment/change 接 触 各 种 思 想 / 经 历 ： be exposed to new
前 言： 教习过好几门课程，深感写作这一课是最难教的，“危乎高哉！
‘写作’之难难于上青天。……一夫当关，万夫莫开。”学生学习英语 写作多时，大多不能迥脱蹊径之外，工而入逸者更是寥寥。于是我 悲观起来，认定“文不可以‘教’而能”。虽说文字和技法可以也应当 教一些，俾学生邯郸学步，渐次入门，但就本质特征而论，写作远 不只是一个章法和技巧的问题，而是“气之所行”，是皮相之下许多 深层主观因素的综合，是一个厚积薄发的养成过程。这些主观因素， 在我看来，体现在国内的英语写作考试当中只局限于素心烂读的积 累。Reading makes a full man.这是英国学者的传世之言，我们的祖 先说“读书破万卷，下笔如有神”。我们赞叹一篇文章，往往是因为 我们被文章中的语言所吸引、所征服：语汇丰富、句式整齐、语言 或精练或华丽，句式安排熟练自如，自然流畅；而者只能来自于 reading。但是我们已没有那么多的时间去“读”了，于是乎，语言 的总结就变得极其必要！

Aarise from 由…产生的；由…带来的abide by 遵守，接受，遵循（决定、规则、协定等）adhere to 坚持，奉行；be about to do 即将，刚要（做某事）keep/stay abreast of sth 与…齐头并进，跟上…的步伐in abundance 大量，丰富，充裕，充足by accident 偶然，意外地be in accord with 同…相一致，与…相符合in accordance with 依照，根据，按照according to根据，按照be of no/little account不重要的，无足轻重的on account of sth 由于，因为on no account/not on any account 绝不take account of sth/take sth into account 仔细考虑清楚act on/upon sth 根据（建议、命令、信息等）行事be out of action (机器、交通工具等) 坏了，无法工作了add up to sth合计达，总共是in addition 另外，从另一方面来讲in addition to sb/sth 除…以外（还）in advance(of sth)预先，事先；在…之前take advantage of sb（欺骗性地）利用，占…的便宜take advantage of sth 利用，把握着…的机会to (good/best) advantage 有效地，出色地be in the air 存在的，即将出现的be on/off (the) air（电视、收音机等）正在播放节目或停止播放节目be up in the air 无法做出决定的，悬而未决的be on the alert (for)警戒着，随时准备着above all 首先，尤其是after all 最终还是，毕竟，终归还是all in all总的来看，考虑到各方面in all 总共，合计allow for sb/sth 把…计算在内，考虑到，估计到make allowance(s) for sth (做决策、决定等时）考虑到，估计到make allowances (for sb) 体谅，谅解along with sth/sb和…一起one after another一个接一个one another 相互answer for对…负有责任，因…而受到惩罚anything but绝对不apart from/ aside from除了as for= as to关于，至于as if/though好像as it is事实上as it were 可以说，在一定程度上be associated with与……有关，与……有关系pay attention to关注attribute … to把……归于on (the/an) average平均；通常be aware of意识到Bback and forth来回地，反复地be born with天生具有because of 因为，由于to begin with 开始；首先，第一on behalf of sb/on sb’s behalf 代表某人或代替某人come into being/be brought into being产生，形成be beyond belief 难以置信的believe in 相信at best 充其量，至多do/try your best 尽力had best/ better do sth 最好，应该be better off 比以前有钱；比别人富裕give birth (to s b/sth)生（孩子），产生a bit 一点儿，细微地，轻微地bit by bit 一点一点地，逐渐地，慢慢地do your bit 各尽所责，作好自己份内的事turn a blind eye (to sth )装作没看见，睁一只眼闭一只眼on board 在船（飞机或火车）上be bound up with 与( 某事) 紧密相连behind the scenes私下，暗地里/break in打断，插嘴break out突然出现，爆发break through (sth)突破，冲破，扫除（途中的障碍）break up弄破；(学校) 放假；（会议等）结束，散会hold your breath 屏着呼吸be out of breath 呼吸困难的，上气不接下气take sb’s breath away 使（某人）惊叹不已in brief 简言之bring about 导致，引起bring forward 提出，提议（某项法案、方案、计划等）build up 增加，增强，增多；增进in bulk 大量，大批burn down 烧毁burn out/burns itself out 熄灭；筋疲力尽burst into突然开始…起来burst out laughing/crying/singing 突然开始get down to business开始着手处理，开始做事but for假如没有，要不是cannot but不得不（做某事），禁不住（要做某事）by and large大体上来看，总的来说Ccater to迎合be charged with…承担…；负责…a piece of cake容易的事，小菜一碟call for sth 应有，需要call off取消，停止进行call on/upon to do sth 号召，呼吁，要求call on/upon sb. 短暂拜访，看望be capable of (doing sth)有…的能力care for照顾，照看;喜欢，爱take care当心，小心take care of照顾，照料，照看carry on继续进行carry out 实施，落实；履行，执行carry through实现，完成carry sb through (sth ) 帮助（某人）度过难关a case in point有关的事例，例证in any case无论如何，不管怎样in case以防，万一in case of sth 如果发生，假如in no case conj.无论如何不，决不cast/shed light on阐明某事catch up (with sb/sth)追上，赶上center on把...集中在，以...为中心be characterized by以...为特征by chance偶然，碰巧take a chance冒险，碰运气be in charge (of sth)管理，掌管take charge of sth 管理，掌管check in在旅馆、机场等）登记，报到check out调查，核查，核实；结帐离开（旅馆等）check up on sb/sth 监督；核实，核对keep/hold sb/sth in check控制，抑制cheer on为…鼓气，向…喝彩chew over仔细考虑，深思熟虑；详细讨论choke up（因感情激动而）说不出话来，哽咽under /in no circumstances 无论在任何情况下都不会，决不能in/under the circumstances既然是这样，在这种特殊情况下clean up把（某处）收拾干净整洁；清理，整顿clear up（天气）转晴round the clock日夜不停地coincide with与…相符come across（偶然）遇见，找到，发现（某人或某物）come out出版，出现，结局是come up with提出（想法）come to等于,结果是; 总计，达到；comment on 评论，发表意见；in common共有，公有by/in comparison (with sb/sth ) （与…）相比较comply with遵守，服从be composed of有…组成，由…构成as/so far as sth/sb be concerned就…而言conform to符合；遵照consist of组成be consistent with与……一致contribute to…有助于；导致in concert with与…合作，与…同心协力on (the) condition that/on one condition只要out of condition健康不佳，身体不适on/under no condition 任何情况下都不，决不confide in sb 向（认为可信赖的人）透露秘密in confidence私下地，秘密地be confined to限制在,局限于in consequence (of sth ) 因此，结果；由于，作为…结果take sth into consideration记得把（某事）考虑进去on the contrary与此相反，恰恰相反in/by contrast 相比之下，对比之下in contrast to/with与…形成鲜明对比，与…明显不同be in control (of sth)控制，操纵（某机构、地区或局势）be/get/run/ out of control 无法控制，失去控制be under control 被控制住，处于控制之下cook up 编造，捏造cool down/off变冷，冷却下来；使…变冷，使…冷却下来turn the corner 开始好转at all cost(s)不惜任何代价at any cost在任何情况下，无论如何count in把（某人）算入count on/upon sb依靠（某人），指望（某人）in the course of sth在…过程中by courtesy of sb 由于，由…引起；蒙…批准be given credit for… 为…受到称赞correlate with找出一一对应的关系count on指望；cut down削减；cut off打断，中断；cut out删掉;D dedicate…to…把…献给…；把…用于…be deprived of被剥夺out of date过时的dawn (up) on sb被（某人）理解，意识到day and night夜以继日turn a deaf ear不愿听deal with处理，对付be in debt欠债，负债take (a) delight in以…为乐be in demand被很多人们需要，需求大in depth全面，深入，详细go into detail(s) 详细叙述，逐一说明i n detail具体地，详细地die away（声音、风、光等）逐渐变弱die down (某事物的程度）逐渐地减弱die out 逐渐消失，灭绝go/be on a diet 节食in dispute在争论中，正处于争论中out of doors 户外，在户外beyond (a) doubt 无疑地，确实地doze off 打瞌睡，打盹儿drop out (of sth) 不再参与（某项活动），退出due to因为，由于in due course 到时候，在适当的时候dwell on/upon sth老是想着，谈到（不愉快的事）bring/carry/put sth into effect 使…生效，实施，实行come/go into effect 实施，开始生效in effect 实际上，事实上take effect .生效，起作用to the effect that 大概意思是or else 否则，要不然end in sth 以…为结果，以…为告终end up结束，告终in the end最后，结果Eenter for 报名参加；enter into开始谈话，讨论even if甚至，即使even though （虽然，尽管）表让步；ever since自从┄之后，从此以后be exposed to sth.暴露于；接触到in essence 本质上，实质上be of the essence非常重要的，至关重要的even if/though即便是，纵然；尽管，虽然in the event of sth如果…发生，倘若，要是（某事发生）(be) in evidence显眼，显而易见，很明显exercise control over控制in excess of sth 超过（一定数量）exert yourself to do 努力，尽力make an exhibition of yourself .出洋相，当众出丑at the expense of以…为代价to a certain/some/an extent到…程度，在…程度上keep an eye on sb/sth 照看，留神，留意，密切关注is equivalent to 等同于，相当于Ffail to未能做be fond of喜爱in the fashion of以…方式face up to sth 勇敢地接受（或对付）as a matter of fact /in fact 事实上fall behind (sb/sth)落后，落在…的后面fall in love with sb 爱上某人far from (doing) sth 远非，不象期待的样be at fault做了错事，出错be in favor (of sb/sth)支持，赞成，同意for fear of/that生怕，以免quite a few/a good few/not a few 相当多，不少figure out 想出，理解，明白focus on集中于，集中研究as follows 如下make a fool of sb愚弄，使…出丑first and foremost首要地，最重要地and so forth =and so on 等等set free释放for free免费be free from免于from all appearances从所能见到和所能知道的情况判断from now on从现在开始from the bottom up从头开始in full 全部地，完全地make fun of 拿…开玩笑，愚弄Gget along (with sb)相处融洽，与…相处融洽get around/round doing / to sth. 抽出时间来做（某事）get away with侥幸逃脱，逃脱处罚get down to sth 开始认真处理，着手做give in 认输，投降give up 停止，放弃，不再做give off放出，释放give out 分发，放出give something away泄露at a glance 一眼，一看就be glued to sth 盯住不放，沾上go after sb 追逐，追求go through经历；经受；仔细检查go astray丢失，被盗take… for granted认为…理所当然grow up长大，成熟Hhand sth in提交、呈上in hand在手头, 可供使用in sb’s hands受…照顾，被…控制lend sb a hand帮助…，协助…on hand /to hand在近处，随时准备伸出援助之手on the one hand. .. on the other hand used一方面…另一方面out of hand推卸责任,不管,失控；马上，立刻keep your head = keep a cool head保持冷静的头脑lose your head慌乱，失去理智，丧失信心from (the bottom of)your heart真诚地，从心底can't/couldn't help情不自禁，忍不住help (sb) out帮助（某人）摆脱困境here and there到处，任何地方make history名垂千史，载入史册hit on/upon sth 忽然间想起，无意中发现catch/get/take hold of握住，抓住be/feel at home感到舒适，无拘束at home在本国，在国内be at home with sth. 熟悉，精通bring sth home (to sb)使（某人）更清楚（某事）be on the horizon 即将发生的a host of=a body of 大量hand on 传下来，依次传递hand out 分发，散发hand over 交出，移交have a bearing on 与……有关系hold back踌躇，退缩，阻止hold down控制hold on to 紧紧抓住，坚持hold on继续，握住不放，坚持Iidentify with与…一体，认同be involved with与……有关连in the interest(s) of sth 为了…（的利益）on intervals ad.每隔一段时间（或距离），不时Kkeep sb from sth 抑制，阻止keep a close watch on 密切关注keep up with sb 与（某人）并驾齐驱；跟上keep up with sth 熟悉，了解（时事、形势等）kill off彻底停止，完全根除to your knowledge 据…所知Lfor lack of 因为缺乏at large总地，一般地be at large(危险的人和动物）未被抓住，在逃lay aside sth 把（某物）放在一边，留存备用lay sth down 规定，制定或宣布（条例和规则）;储存（某物）以备后用lay off停止使用（某人），解雇（某人）lay sth out（给房子、城镇、花园）做布置，安排，设计at least至少，起码not in the least丝毫不，一点不let alone更不用说leave sb. alone 不打扰（某人），让…独自呆at leisure闲散，悠闲at length 最后;详细地；长时间地no less than (强调大数量) 不少于；多达let sb/sth down不支持（某人或某事）；使…失望in (the) light of 鉴于（某事）；考虑到（某事）be linked to/with something与……连接in line (with sth) 与（某事）成一条直线，成一排line up 排成一行；排队be out of line with sb/sth 立场上与…不一致；不成一直线live off sth 以…为生；依靠…生活live on sth 以（一种或几种事物）为主要食物live up to达到；符合；不辜负log in.登录；注册；进入（计算机系统）log out 退出；注销（计算机系统）look back sth 回首往事；回忆；回顾look down on sb 瞧不起、轻视、蔑视（某人）look forward to（doing sth）热切地盼望，期待look into sth为了解决（某事）而对其做的调查be at a loss不知所措；困惑Min the matter of关于；就…而言make reflections on…对…进行思考make-believe 虚构（或假想）的事物make for sth促成；有助于；make it 尤指在困难情况下）准时到达，实现成功make sth out弄懂make sth up 编造故事或谎言make up for 补偿；弥补many a 许多；大量by all means 当然可以;当然行by means of sth 借助…手段；依靠…方法by no means绝不；一点不measure up 量测；度量meet with sb 和（某人）碰面in memory of sb 对（某人）的纪念not to mention 更不用说；且不说at the mercy of 任由处置bear/keep in mind想起/记起（某人或某物）in your mind’s eye 想象make up your mind 做决定at the moment 此刻；目前for the moment目前；暂时；此刻the moment… 一…就…at most至多make the most of 最大限度利用（某物）；充分利用get a move on赶快，加紧more often than not 通常move on（to sth）开始做（别的事），换(话题); 继续前进be on the move在活动，在行进，在前进a multitude/multitudes of许多，大量Ntake note of 注意，留意nothing but只有，只是，仅仅get nowhere 一无所获，毫无进展not necessarily不一定Obe obliged to sb. 感激某人only if只要out of…起源；来源；根据on occasion(s) 偶尔，偶然，有时against all (the) odds 尽管有极大的困难，尽管极为不利at odds with 有差异，相矛盾off and on 不时地，经常，断断续续地all at once突然，骤然，忽然once (and) for all一劳永逸地，一次了结的once in a while一起，同时all at once 突然once more/again 再一次，再次once upon a time从前，很久以前in the open在户外，在野外；（意见，秘密等）公开open up 开门，营业，开业bring/put into operation 实施，使生效，使运行come/go into operation 开始工作，开始生效in order that 目的在于，为了other than除了，除了…以外at/from the outset开端，开始owing to由于，因为on one ’s own独自Pbe parallel to类似于be proud of =take pride in为...而骄傲。

新东方新概念面授课笔记（1-30）新东方新概念面授课笔记（1-30）lesson 1Pumas are large, cat-like animals which are found in America. When reports came into London Zoo that a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles (to) southof London, they were not taken seriously. However, as the evidence began to accumulate, experts from the Zoo felt obliged to investigate, for the des criptions given by people who claimed 宣称 to have seen the puma were extraordinarily similar.The hunt for the puma began in a small village where a woman pickingblackberries saw …a large cat? only five yards away from her. It immediately ran away when she saw it, and experts confirmed that a puma will not attack a human being unless it is cornered. The search proved difficult, for the puma wasoften observed观察at one place in the morning and at another place twentymiles away in the evening. Wherever it went, it left behind it a trail of dead deer and small animals like rabbits it. Paw prints were seen in a number of places and puma fur was found clinging to bushes. Several people complained of about …cat-like noises? at night and a businessman on a fishing trip saw the puma up a tree. The experts were now fully convinced that the animal was a puma, but where had it come from? As no pumas had been reported missing from any zooin the country, this one must have been in the possession of a privatecollector and somehow managed成功 to escape. The huntwent on for several weeks, but the puma was not caught. It is disturbing to think that a dangerous wild animal is still at large in the quiet countryside.New words and expressionspuma 美洲狮spot 看出，发现evidence 证据accumulate 积累，积聚oblige 使…感到必须hunt 追猎，寻找blackberry 黑莓human being 人类corner 使走投无路trail 一串，一系列print 印痕cling(clung) 粘convince 使…信服somehow 反正disturb 令人不安Notes on the textl Britain English & America English1. [?:]→[?]classhalfadvance2. [i]→[ ]becausebelieve3. [ ]→[?]dogdollarpopular4. [r] 卷舌（除在前面）fortywatersisterl puma├mountain lion├cougar└pantherrattlesnake（响尾蛇）┌jaguar 美洲虎└cheetah 猎豹l spot 点，发现（点）I can spot a thief in the crowd. recognize （短暂）认出identify 确认（ID）UFO－Unidentified Flying Object confirm 确认detect 侦察l evident 明显的└sure （主观）proof 证据witness 证人，亲眼见affirmation （抽象）肯定That?s for sure! 肯定的l accumulate （抽象）assemble 组装amass （大块）聚集accelerate 速度collectgather 聚集l obligeobligation 义务I mustI ought toI have got toI?m forced toI?m obliged to 理应┌hunt for 找寻├go for 喜欢├go after 追求├chase 追赶├seek 寻觅├pursue （抽象）追求└search for 寻找l blackberrystrawberry *莓l human beings 可复数individual 个人l at large 逍遥的(a criminal at large)├in general 大体上├in detail 详细地└largely 在部分地l 朗读1．句长；名词后顿2．重读；只要不是介词都可重读；只要强调都可重读3．陈述句；句尾降调l cat-like├child-like├womanish siss y女人希希的├motherly 亲属的象└friendly 加lyl nevertheless虽然如此，但是…├therefore (so) 因此├however 然而└moreover 更为甚之l life in the army├check in/out 检查├look into 调查├investigate （对已发生的事）调查└examine （仔细）检查l 口语A lot you know 你知道的真多Allow me 让我来吧A little too far 有点过份Anything you say! 你说了算A promise is promise! 一诺千斤A deal! 一言为定l be cornered tobe trapped in 逼到…里面l trail―to rail 轨道├trace 痕迹└printl be clung tol convince sb.convincing 让人信服I convinced him of his honesty.What he did convinced me that he is a responsible man. l ［口语］┄［写作］believe convince（太主观）know understandI seeI?m clearI think In my opinionto my knowledgepersonallyas far as I knowl somewhat 有点anyhow 总之，无论如何l It is disturbing to think thatupset （弱化）annoyed （长期）烦恼的l He has no experience, so he failed.└Lack of experiedce, results into his failure.l It?s a cute boy.It表孩子，cute同smartl The search proved difficult.proved=(was) 表肯定many a good manya great manya number ofnumerous ┐countless ┴无数的much a great deal ofa great amount ofa couple of（几个）daysfor years （几年）l For her it?s fur爱她就买裘皮I found the brid killed.I found the paper clinging to the tree. 粘附With his head held high, he came into the room. (holding, held)l go fishing 钓鱼├cast a fly 垂钓├go angling 钓鱼└catch fish 捕鱼l the puma up a tree动态上树at 地点in 在里面l the lady has ┐own ┤a car.Possess ┤拥有be in possession of┘in the possession of 被拥有┌in charge of└in the charge of 被管理must have done 推测l Men are created ___.A. equallyB. equal√形容词做主语补足语Subordination 英语从句定语从句：1. The death notices tell us about people who have died during the week.2. The man (whom) you spoke to just now is my friend.3. The building whose lights are on is beautiful. 灯亮的大楼4. Please find a place whice we can have a private talk in.5. The knee is the joint where the thighbone meets the large bone of the lower leg.6. He still remembers the day when he went to school.which is beautiful.7. It is no need telling us the reason why you didn?t finish it in time. 无需做8. He has three sons, two of whom died in the war.9. Mr. Smith, whose wife is a clerk, teaches us English.10. In the Sunday paper there are comics, which children enjoy.l As is known to us, he is a good man.同位语（Appositive）：l 能接同位语从句的名词有：belief（信仰），fact，idea，doubt，rumor（谣言），evidence（证据），conclusion（结论），suggestion（建议），problem，order，answer，discovery（发现），explanation（解释），principle（可能性），truth，promise（承诺），report（报告），statement（声明），knowledge（知识），opinion （观点），likelihood（可能性）。

新东方-新概念英语第三册笔记Lesson 01 A Puma at large 逃遁的美洲狮New words and expression 生词和短语学习词汇时仅知道汉语语义是不够的，要把单词放在语句中体会其应用学习关键句结构是则要把它放在段落结构或文章里puma n.美洲狮spot v.看出, 发现= see, pick out, recognize, catch sight of强调结果, 辨别出, 看见, 识别, 发现-- A tall man is easy to spot in the crowd.-- He has good eye for spotting mistakes.同意词：-- find：强调发现的结果/ find out：查出事实真相-- discover：做出重大发现/ notice：注意到-- observe：观察/ watch：观察活动中的人或画面Spot n.斑点-- There is a white spot on the shirt.on the spot有两个含义：1> 立刻, 马上（at once, immediately）-- Anyone breaking the rules will be asked to leave on the spot.2> at the place of the action 在现场-- Wherever she is needed, she is quickly on the spot.Evidence n.证据（不可数名词）Evident adj.明显的, 显然的/ evidently adv.明显地, 显然Evidence = proof (n.证据)-- When the police arrived, he had already destroyed the evidence.in evidence 显而易见的-- He was in evidence at the party.Accumulate v.积累, 积聚（强调积累的过程）-- As the evidence accumulates, experts from the zoo felt obliged to investigate. Gather vt.聚集, 把某人召集在某处-- The teacher gathered his students in the classCollect vt.搜集, 采集-- Do you collect stamps? Yes, I collect stamps as my hobby.（n.业余爱好）Assemble v.集合, 集会/ 装配-- A large number of people assemble on the square.Hoard vt.大量的储存（-- hoard up = store up 储藏）-- The squirrel hoards up nuts for the cold winter （squirrel n.松鼠）（nut n.坚果）amass vt.积聚（主要用于诗歌和文学作品）-- The clouds amassed above the hillsOblige v.使…感到必须feel obliged to do sth 感觉有必要做某事-- I feel obliged to say no to his demand（n.要求, 需要）be obliged to do sth 被迫做某事-- They were obliged to sell their car to pay their debts off.（debt n.债务）hunt v.n.追猎, 寻找（hunt for）-- The experts from London zoo began to hunt (v.) for a puma.-- The hunt (n.) for the puma proved the difficult. （prove vt.证明, 证实）search 搜寻某处为了寻找到某人或某物-- The police were searching the forest for the missing boy.run after 强调追赶, 追求-- look, a dog is running after a cat-- what are you run after in your lifeseek = pursue v.追寻(理想)chase v.追赶（-- They are chasing a thief / They are running after a thief）blackberry n.黑莓/ berry n.浆果human being 人类corner v.使走投无路, 使陷入困境作为动词, 经常使用被动语态-- The thief was cornered at last-- The problem cornered me.corner n.角落-- at the corner of the street -- in the corner of the room -- on the corner of the deskTrail n.一串, 一系列trail vt. 跟踪, 追踪（= follow）-- The police trailed the criminal to the place where he was hiding （criminal n.罪犯）Print n.印痕Cling v.粘（clung, clung, clinging）-- She is always clinging to her mother.-- He clung to the hope that he would succeed. 他怀有成功的希望stick v.粘住（-- stick the envelop）n.信封stick to 坚持（-- stick to the plan / stick to one’s promise）n.许诺sticky adj.粘的（-- sticky fingers）convince v.使…信服1>convince sb of sth -- I convince him of my honesty.（n.诚实, 正直）我使他相信我的诚实。

填空部分一．反义对比（1）far from A to B 远非A而是B（2）A rather than B 是A而不是B 两者之一（3）Paradoxical 矛盾的，似是而非的（4）Ironically 讽刺的表极端的虚词强调后面的实词都是解题点：overwhelming greatest extremely overly（5）Seemingly 表面上的，貌似对应于世间上的（6）Seem - 转折词，把转折后面的实词取反即答案（7）In fact ：事实上，实际上（8）In reality 实际上，事实上于表面事实相反引导对立（9）Actually 事实上，实际上（10）Actually 事实上，实际上（11）A distinguish from B A区别于B 两者对立取其一（12）Transform A to B 从A转到B（13）Shift from A to B 从A转到B 对立相反状态的转折（14）Curiously 好奇的引导常识相反的对立关系（15）Surprisingly 令人惊讶的引导常识相反的对立关系（16）A more ...than B more A ...than B a>b（17）No greater A than B AB相同评价，A <B（18）A preferable to B A 比B更可取（19）Comparatively 相比较的对立比较（20）Not A but B 不是A而是B（21）Reconcile with 与...和解（22）Contrary 相反的in contrast to 相比较（23）Replace A with B 用B替换A（24）Substitute A for B 用A代替B（25）Decay from A to B 从A衰退到B（26）Unexpectedly ：意想不到的是（27）Endorse A over B ：认可A超过B犬儒主义的特征：动作与常人相反、对外界冷嘲热讽、对人的本性动机表示怀疑艺术家特征：优秀对平庸科学的特征：公平对偏见、独立对依靠、稳定对变化、复杂对简单、相同对差异科技类的特征：增加对减少表相对真相的题目套路：———表象掩盖真相——表象被真相揭露出来中层干部特征：欺骗与官僚下级服从上级物品类的特征；美观与实用奢华对简朴科学现象描述题目特征：客观陈述不带感情色彩思维模式是总分结构证明观点用数据量化二．时间对比时间对比是反义对比的子集时间相反，产生对立——现在否定过去——将来否定现在（1）before 之前与recent，later对立（2）Recent 现在与before,often,early,previous,pristine 对立（3）once 曾经与initially同义，与after对立（4）Initially 起初与once同义，与after对立（5）Formerly 以前与now对立（6）First 起初与现在对立（7）Until 直到...才，除非与过去对立（8）After 在...之后后之前对立（9）No longer 不再与过去对立（10）Hitherto,heretofore,current, pristine,陈述必然客观，评论必然否定——佛洛依德心理学——马克思经济学——达尔文进化论——魏格纳大陆板块漂移学说——CO2与温室效应评论家的特征：作者和演讲家及其观点隶属评论家特征：表扬对批评批评与被批评三、反义转折Although：虽然，尽管Though：虽然，尽管，可是Even though 即使Despite 尽管in spite of : 不管，尽管Whatever；无论怎样Whereas 尽管，虽然Nevertheless 然而Unlike 和...不同None 否定决不even if 即使yet 然而While 虽然在句首表转折描述同一主体同一状态，转折只能表示程度转折并且：在句中表递进关系Without 没有表转折关系But 但是表转折关系As ...as 尽管表让步转折regardless 不管，尽管，不顾A drive ...toB A 现象迫使...到B现象个人性格的特征：积极对消极严肃对幽默肯定对否定自由类的特征：自由对约束民主对专政模仿类词汇：imitate 机械的模仿Mimic 拟态emulate 通过模仿而超越parody 貌似粗劣的模仿，恶搞mock 嘲弄的模仿意义相反的同义词：seduce 引诱（拉引开原先的方向，实际的诱惑）tantalise 得不到的诱惑instruction灌输式的教育Education 引导式教育表虚荣心的特征词汇：self-adulation, vanity ,consign others toOblivion四．同义解释冒号、破折号、从句--可引导同义解释(1) Such as ;例如引导同义解释1）Such，重复前面提到的概念，表物主指代2) such，表强调Which/that+不定式结构，分词结构，同位语，形容词短语任何修饰成分表同义解释In which , of which , from which, by which, 在句中表指代关系(2)suggest that:说明，表明：表同义解释(3)Like ：像表比喻解释Close the book on sth 最终完成某事政治的特征：——具体对抽象——冲突对和谐政党的特征：派别隶属于政党——支持与反对Sail through 小船轻松地划过，轻而易举的获得成功生物学题目考法：——功能对行为的影响——遗传对学习的影响Account for 导致，引起，说明Surrogate 代替品（被动）supplant 代替品（主动）Subordination of A to B 使A屈从与B六．同义并列1) 分号：引导并列关系类似同义解释Either...or... 不是...就是...七.同义递进1）not only A but also B 不仅仅是A...而且B... 表递进关系时间上递进：从过去到现在2）when 当... 表递进关系3）Indeed，even：甚至表递进关系4）Continue：继续，持续表递进5）Remain，retain ：继续，持续表递进关系6）As...as...:即...又... 表递进7）As long as : 只要，随着表递进8）分号：表递进关系包括时间递进，因果递进，程度递进9）Particularly, especially 尤其是表递进10）And ：并且表递进关系11）Not so much A as B 与其说A不如说B（肯定B）=rather than 取反七、同义因果Because 因为；in that 既然因为；so...that...,therefore thereby ；thus 因而，从而；since A.B 既然A，因此BDeduce 推论出；A result from B A由B产生= B lead to AAs a result 作为结果 A result of B A 是B的结果Just as A , so B 正如A, 所以BConsequently 从而，因此given : (因为）给出Require ：（因为...) 要求Represent,presented：表现出表弱因果关系Portray;描绘表弱因果关系bespeak:说明表弱因果关系Conclude 得出结论so A as to B 如此A以致于BIf A then B 如果A 那么BFor 因为表因果八．目的手段In order to : 为了By : 由，通过，被表手段与结果关系For：为了表手段与结果关系As : 作为表手段与结果关系From : 从表手段关系To : 为了表手段与结果关系上面就是新东方老师的授课方法，在课堂中他就结合了绿皮书上的相关练习be bount to 必然在gre 考试中，如果有两个选项均合理，应选一个选项中两个词有关系的如：反义、并列等Adventurous 褒义，赋予冒险精神的risk 冒失败的风险Finite的含义是时间，空间，或数量的有限。

高考三十天攻克考纲英语词汇（含高考重要词组和句型）高考三十天攻克考纲英语词汇（含高考重要词<组>和句型）第一天回忆篇1.我们应该牢记：如果我们为了晋升而忽略了我们的健康，疾病便会借助疲劳乘虚而入。

We should always that if we our health for , disease will gradually us tiredness.2.我当时在找一本历史书，因为我想知道美国是何时建立的，最终我在一间昏暗的房间里找到这本布满灰尘的书。

I the book because I when America , andI the dusty book in a dim room.3.有那么多关于这位浪漫诗人的参考书可供选择，我无法决定选择哪一本。

There are many on this romantic poet for me to I can’twhich one to choose.4.这名帅气的演员似乎一点也不着急，事实上他非常担心调查结果，因为这也许会毁了他的未来。

the handsome actor was worried, but , he wasthe of the investigation, which his future may .5.不幸的是，这位代表觉得很困很快就睡着了，并没有意识到他把自己的护照和演讲稿忘在了出租车上。

, the delegate felt so that he soon that he his passport and the draft of his speech in the taxi.6.据报道，在2014年年底前，上海迪士尼主题公园将正式向全世界的游客开放。

, Shanghai Disney Theme Park the tourists from all over the world formally.7.这位工程师指出：“某种程度而言，计算器的功能越多，它越有可能出故障。

正文：1-1学习词汇注意的问题1、单词的英文解释和例句例：The oppressed ____ freedom. [ A ]A. demand /♎♓❍⏹♎B. requireC. requestoppress→op+press [☜☐❒♏♦]press 挤，压→pressure 压力op=against因此oppressed为“压迫”的意思→oppressed 被压迫的the+形容词表示一类人“被压迫的人____自由”那么ABC选项应选择什么？我们看一下ABC的英文解释：demand：ask for firmly, unwilling to accept a refusal.强烈地要求，并不情愿接受拒绝require：the ruler set a rule with the expectation that it will be obeyed.统治者期望自己的命令规定会被遵守。

（如老师要求你完成作业，老板要求你完成工作）request：ask for politely.礼貌地要求单词的例句有两点好处：1）一个好的例句是最能准确说明单词最本源含义的句子2）给写作文的时候打下扎实的基础2、单词的熟词生意late“死亡”house“坐落于”，如Beijing neworiental school is housed in Haidian district.tell“我能够看出来”I can tell.brave“勇敢面对”，如国歌中的“冒着敌人的炮火，前进，前进，前进进”brave the enemies' gunfire, march on, march on, march on, on, on...3、单词的发音1-2词汇的记忆方法一、形象化记忆词汇的方法人们对于图像的存储速度要远远高于对于语言符号的存储速度。

(1)chill名词“寒冷”，动词“使寒冷”.把C想象成天空一弯明月，hill，小山的意思(2)image名词“形象，印象”ma妈妈的感觉，age年龄，上了年纪，把i想象成一根蜡烛(3)spark名词“火花”(4)snowflake “雪花，雪片”snow雪花，f想象成飞(5)trail名词“足迹，轨迹”rail铁轨，t想象成“她”，你们留下爱的足迹(6)isolate动词“使隔绝，使孤立”Solate如此的晚，i想象成一根蜡烛，“夜已深，还有什么人，让你这样醒着数伤痕”“一读，二拼，三变形，四拆，五分，六开屏”一读：就是所谓的谐音，就是根据读音联想到单词的意思。

10天背诵表（适用于记忆力好的同学）20天背诵表（适用于记忆力一般的同学）鉴于很多同学反映看不懂这两张记忆表，我做一下解释：１.将需要记忆的所有单词按数量等分成１０份（对应１０天表）或２０份（对应２０天表）2.表中的字母A至Ｊ依次对应于在一步骤中分成的１０份单词集团（２０天表中字母Ａ至Ｔ依次对应于２０份单词集团）3.表中的数字表示天数，其中１０天表中的前１０天是记忆单词阶段，后３０天是巩固强化阶段（２０天表前２０天是记忆单词阶段，后３０天是巩固强化阶段）４.表中“上”表示这一天中的上午，“晚”表示这一天中的晚上（一）总论对绝大多数中国同学来说，学英语就是背单词，单词是很多同学心中永远的痛。

词汇是写作的基石，要想取得写作高分，必须突破词汇。

但很多同学却陷入了背单词的误区。

有些同学喜欢抱着厚厚的词汇书背，企图一气呵成，结果一天背几十个就晕过去了。

有些同学喜欢拼写，每个单词都要写上几十遍，可往往写到第十遍的时候就已经丢了一个字母，结果变成不断强化自己的错误记忆。

还有的同学喜欢边拼边读，我曾见过一位同学把某一单词刻苦拼读了四五十次。

当她写了五十多次后，我问她这个词什么意思。

这位同学茫然地看了我一眼，重复了两遍读音，说忘了。

由此可见，机械惯性重复并不能达到真正的记忆。

科学的单词记忆方法应该分成三步：第一是快速突破，第二是详细了解，第三是实战运用。

上文已提到，真正运用于写作的单词不过2000余个。

绝大部分考研词汇并不需要掌握拼写和发音，只要“见其形，知其义”即可。

快速突破这些写作单词后，再找一本比较详细的词汇书或字典，了解其的英文解释、同义词、反义词、用法等，但并不需要全背下来。

最后就是在练习中体会单词在上下文中的具体用法。

（二）记忆秘笈很多同学平时词汇书背得很熟，上了考场却有如下几种反应：（1）这个词我背过；（2）我知道这个词在词汇书第几页；（3）这个词上面和下面的词我都记得；（4）我忘了这个词什么意思了。

3-1词汇的记忆方法令狐文艳③legend，lenovo（“联想”品牌）=leg（choose）+end（事情），精挑细选的事情，“传奇”delegate=de（离开，detrain）+ leg（choose）+ate（人，如graduate毕业生，candidate相传古罗马竞选时穿着白色衣服的“候选人”给人的印象特别好，candy在竞选这天为了拉选票而拼命地发“糖”），选出一个人派出去参加会议，“代表”lenovo→nov=new→novel（新颖的）innovation=in（引入）+nov + ation（标准的名词后缀）引入新鲜事务，“革新，创新”（innovate革新，innovative 创新的）renovate=re（again反复）+ nov + ate反复的更新，“翻新”④auto-reverse自动翻带“auto”自动automatic自动化的，automation自动化，automobile汽车universe唯一存在的又不停旋转的事物，“宇宙”（uniform 制服，reform，unite统一，unique唯一的）reverse=re（against）+verse向对立面旋转，“翻转，颠倒”（一百八十度）versatile无论到哪里都能玩得转，八面灵珑“多才多艺的”3-2词汇的记忆方法⑤eject（向外投掷，喷射，录音机上的“弹射”键）→ject （投掷，喷射jet）projector=pro（向前）+ jector可以向前喷射一道光柱的东西，“投影仪”inject=in + ject向内喷射，“注射”object=ob（=against，如obstruct） + ject律师经常跳起来大叫“我反对！”，其实这个词根本的含义是“向对立面投掷”，在法庭辩论上经常是，律师们唇枪舌剑不说，还要动手，就开始向对方投掷一些乱七八糟的东西，比如鞋呀鞋垫之类的。

这个单词作名词时表“物体”subject=sub（向下，如submarine海洋下面行驶的舰船，潜艇；subway道路以下，地铁）+ ject向下扔，作动词“使遭受，使受罪”，作名词表“主题”例句：The parents are unwilling to subject their children to the unhappiness of divorce.其中subject…to…是使某人遭受某事的意思大学里学过的三个表示“回绝，拒绝”意思的单词是：decline=de+ cline（lean缓坡）根本的含义是下降，到底表示的是哪种下降呢？“缓缓地下降”，因此表示的是“委婉地拒绝”refuse=re（back）+ fus（pour流淌）+e你一腔的热血呢，最后都付之东流，又全部流淌了回来，这种拒绝就叫做refuseconfuse=con（together）+ fus（pour）+e大家知道现在是一个信息爆炸的时代，各种各样不同的信息一齐流到你的脑子里，你就开始“迷惑”了。

2022届高考英语考前30天终极冲刺完形填空高频词分类速记动词类1.“看”：look看（动作）notice 注意glimpse 瞥见observe (为了研究进行的）观察catch sight of 看见stare 盯着看glare 瞪眼看see看见（结果）glance 扫视watch 观看2.“说”：tell sth to sb=tell sb sth 把某事告诉某人talk with sb about sth 与某人谈及某事say sth说（诉说的内容）speak in English 说英语whisper sth to sb 对某人耳语某事inform sb of sth 通知某人某事talk/persuade sb into doing sth 说服某人做某事bargain 讨价还价chat with 聊天explain 解释warn 警告remind 提醒debate 辩论declare 宣布claim 自称admit 承认deny 否决describe 描述announce 公布introduce 介绍complain 抱怨comment remark 评论quarrel 吵架repeat 重复discuss 讨论mention 提起评论express 表达3. “叫”：cry呼喊call叫shout 大叫scream尖叫moan 呻吟sigh叹气4. “问”：ask询问interview采访question提问ask sb for sth 向某人要5. “答”：answer 回答respond (to)回应reply (to)回复6. “听”：listen to听（动作）bear听（结果）pick up 收听overhear无意中听到7. “写”：write 写describe 描写drop a line写（信）draw 画take down/write down写下，记下8. “拿／放”：take 拿走bring拿来hold拿着carry 扛／挑fetch (去）拿来lift 举put放lay铺／放置9.“抓”：take; take hold of 抓着seize 紧抓grasp 握住; 理解；领会scratch 挠10. “打”：hit (一次性地）打击beat (不间断地）打击strike 突然地击打／突然想到attack 攻击11.“扔”：throw扔drop掉下／使落下fall 突然倒下／落下12. “摇”: shake 摇quake 震动；颤抖tremble 发抖；战栗（因寒冷、愤怒等）13. “送”：send 寄送deliver 递送give给offer 主动给予see sb off 给某人送行14. “摸／抱”：touch摸embrace 拥抱hug抱hold拿着；持有；抱住15. “踢／敲”：kick踢knock 敲tip 轻敲16. “行”：walk走／散步run跑climb爬jump跳skip 跳过；不做（某事）slip滑到；悄悄溜come来go去enter 进人crawl 匍匐前进17. “坐／休息”：sit down/be sealed/seat oneself/take a seat坐下take a nap 打吨be asleep 睡着have a rest 休息一会rest 休息18. “笑”：smile 微笑laugh大笑laugh at 嘲笑burst into laughter=burst out laughing突然大笑19. “哭”：cry哭泣shed tears 流泪weep哭泣sob 抽泣burst into tears/burst out crying 突然哭起来20. “找／查”：find找到（结果）look for找（过程）find out 查明discover/explore 发现／探索inspect 视察hunt for=search for=seek/seek for=in search of 寻找search sb 搜身search sb for sth为寻找某物而搜某人的身check 检查／核实examine审问／（仔细地）检查lest 检测／检验21. “穿/脱”：put on穿（动作）wear穿／戴try on 试穿be dressed in穿（状态）make up 化妆get changed换衣服be in red穿着红色衣服take off 脱下remove 移走；脱下（衣服等）22. “吃／喝”：eat吃drink喝consume 消耗；吃喝sip小口喝have a meal=have supper 吃饭toast干杯taste品尝treat sb to 请某人吃help oneself to 自用（食物）23. “得”：get=obtain=acquire 获得gain 获得own/possess 拥有24. “失”：lose 丢了be lost/be missing 失踪／不见gone 不见了die away 逐渐消失suffer a (great) loss 遭受损失fade away 逐渐消失/减弱25. “有”：have有own 拥有occupy=possess占有26. “无”：nothing left什么都没留下disappear 消失be missing 失去gone 没有27. “增／减”：rise 上升／升起go up 增长／上涨drop减少／降低arise 增加／提高／举起increase 增加decrease 减少reduce=bring down 碱少／降低28. “买／卖”：buy买purchase 购买afford 买得起pay付款pay off付清；取得成功pay for为···. . ·付钱sell卖／销售on sale 减价销售for sale 待售bargain 讨价还价／便宜货29. “存在／消失”：come into being/existence 形成／产生exist存在appear 出现survive 幸存（survivor 幸存者）turn up 出现／被找到disappear 消失die死dieout灭绝pass away 去世be out of night看不见30. “变化”：develop 发展／壮大／增强evolve 进化；演变improve 改进／提高become 变得grow生长;种植grow up 长大（grown-up 成年人）go bad/wrong/sour变坏／出错／变酸change/change into 变／变成reform 改革31. “认识的过程”：feel 感觉／触摸sense 感觉到guess 猜测assume 假定；认为；承担suppose认为；假设wonder 想知道doubt /be skeptical about怀疑know 懂得／知道learn认识到／学到realize 意识到understand 理解remember 记得be familiar with 熟悉apply to 应用; 适用32.“成功／失败”：make it 成功做到succeed/be successful 成功win赢／获胜make progress 取得进步come true 实现realize one’s dream 实现某人的梦想lose失败／损失fail to do 未能做failure 失败／故障defeat 击败／挫败suffer 遭受loss损失beat打败turn. . .into reality 把·····变为现实33. “努力”：try to do sth 努力做某事try doing sth尝试做某事attempt to do sth 试图做某事manage to do 努力完成make efforts 努力spare no effort to do sth/try one’s best to do sth 尽某人最大的努力去做某事do as much as one can to do 尽某人所能去做34. “祝贺”：congratulations on sb祝贺某人celebrate 庆祝／庆贺observe 庆祝; 遵守；观测35. “赞美／批评”：praise 表扬think highly of 高度评价blame sb for sth 因某事责备某人sb is to blame 某人对····负有责任criticize 批评scold sh for sth 因某事责骂某人have a low opinion of sb对某人评价不好speak ill of说···的坏话36. “喜／恶”：like/love/be fond of/be keen on/adore/be into/prefer/enjoy/in favour of/be crazy about 喜欢dislike 不喜欢hate 讨厌／恨awful 讨厌的disgusting 令人厌恶的ignore忽视／不理睬overlook 忽视37.“判断/认为”：think/believe/consider/feel认为as far as sb be concerned 就某人而言conclude/infer 推断doubt 怀疑38. “到达”：arrive at/reach/get to 到达return to 回到stay in sp待在某地visit/paya visit to参观；拜访leave for 动身去on one’s way to 在某人去···的路上upon one’s arrival at/in一到达. . .39.“受伤”：hurt受伤；伤害injure 意外受伤bleed出血get burnt 烧伤40.“损坏”：damage损坏destroy破坏ruin毁灭be in ruins 沦为废墟break down 发生故障／失败be broken 坏掉41.“修复”：repair修理rebuild重建restore 恢复／修复fix修理42. 支持／反对：agree/disagree 同意／反对accept 接受refuse/tum down拒绝be against 反对role for/against 投票赞成／反对43. “做饭”：cook烹饪wash洗chop切；砍clean 变干净brush 刷cover盖uncover 揭开盖子; 揭露44. “建议”：advise/suggest/recommend/propose 建议demand/urge 强烈要求persuade 劝说45.“花费”：spend. . .in doing sth/on sth 某人花费··在（做）某事上sb can/can't afford. . .to do sth 某人能／不能承受做某事it takes some time/money to do sth 做某事花费了一些时间／金钱sb pays some money for sth某人为某物花了一些钱sth costs sb some money某物花了某人一些钱at one’s expense 由某人付钱46.“省／存钱”：save (up)攒钱47. “参加”：take part in/join(in)/attend/participate in 参加compete in/for/against/with参加比赛／为...竞争/与······竞争48.“控告”：accuse sb of/charge ab with 控告某人犯有...49. “帮助／救治”：help sb out 帮助某人摆脱困境save/rescue sb from sth 使某人免于做某事treat sb for 某人因···而接受治疗cure sb of 治好某人的·. . . .aid sb in doing sth/to do sth (=help sb with sth=assist sb in doing sth)帮助某人做某事50. “敬佩”：admire/respect/show respect for 敬佩／向·····表示敬意51.“逃避”：run away/escape/flee/hide from躲避52. “阻止／禁止”：ban/forbid/keep/prevent/prohibit/stop sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事／禁止某人做某事53. “处理／解决”：handle/do with/deal with/overcome/solve/settle 处理／解决54. “效仿”：copy/imitate 模仿55. “爆发／发生”：come about/take place 发生break out 爆发go off/explode 爆炸56. “安装／装备”：fasten扎牢fix安装set设置equip装置be armed with用···武装be equipped/furnished with 装备有57. “追赶”：pursuit/run after/seek for/chase 追求／追赶catch up with 赶上keep up with 跟上58. “想／考虑”：think of考虑到think of as...把···看成... think about/consider 考虑到think over 仔细考虑be concerned about担心take. . .into account/consideration考虑到. . .59.“打算”：plan/intend/design to do sth 打算做某事be going to do/be about to do/will do sth 将要做某事60. “似乎／好像”：seem/appear/seem like/as if/as though 似乎／好像61.“开办／关闭”：open/start/set.up 开办down)关闭49end/close (up/名词/动名词类1.假期：vacation/holiday 假期spring break 春季休假summer vacation 暑假winter vacation 寒假2.旅游：trip/journey/tor/voyage/travel 旅行tourist 游客passenger旅客camping 露营picnic 野餐hiking远足3.职务／称呼：clerk职员secretary 秘书passer-by 路人minister 部长manager 经理waitress女服务员guest 客人host 主人assistant 助手customer顾客neighbour 邻居relative 亲盛patient 病人staff全体雇员crew 全体工作人员nurse 护士teacher 老师conductor 售票员tailor 裁缝sailor 水手inventor 发明家gardener园丁guard门卫4.餐馆／订餐／就餐：inn小酒店restaurant 餐馆kitchen 厨房menu 菜单bill 账单order 点菜tip 小费fruit 水果fork and knife一副刀叉salad 沙拉vegetable 蔬菜5.诊所／看病／服药：clinic 诊所hospital 医院doctor 医生physician (内科)医师surgeon 外科医生specialist 专家patient病人6.身体部位：arm胳膊head头hair头发brain 大脑waist 腰back 后背shoulder 肩膀wrist 手腕knee 膝盖7.意志：will 意志courage 勇气patience 耐心determination 坚定faith 信念effort 努力confidence 自信ambition 雄心energy 精力8.才能／品质：talent/gift 天赋ability 能力potential 潜力intelligence 智力9.优缺点：advantage 优势disadvantage 劣势strength(s) 优点weakness(es) 缺点shortcoming 缺点；短处drawback 缺点；不利条件10.目标：aim/goal/objective 目标intention 企图purpose 意图belief 信念11.方式：means 手段method方法way方式manner 方法approach 途径12.图表：figure 图、表graph 图表diagram 示意图table 表格chart图表13.文章：reading 阅读translation 翻译essay 散文poem 诗歌paper 报纸novel/fiction 小说article 文章magazine 杂志newspaper 报纸journal 日志diary 日记file文件夹form 表格document 文件；文档14.课堂：class 课堂course 课程lecture 课example 例子message 信息note 笔记word 单词phrase 短语idiom 俚语；成语scholarship 奖学金degree 学位subject 科目question 问题trouble 麻烦difficulty 困难grade 年级mark 分数academic achievement 学习成绩；学术成就15.学校活动：match 比赛game 比赛activity 活动hold a meeting/debate/ceremony 开会／举行辩论赛／举行典礼16.建议／观点：advice 建议suggestion 建议idea 想法proposal 提议；建议view 看法recommendation 推荐17.习惯：habit 习惯custom 习俗practice 惯例；操作；练习18.感官：sight 视觉hearing 听觉touch 触觉smell 嗅觉sense 感觉19.情感：feeling 越觉emotion 感情anger 怒delight 快乐sadness 悲sorrow 悲伤20.财富：money 金钱possession个人财产wealth财富belongings 个人财产fortune 财富treasure 财宝diamond 钻石21.运动比赛：event 比赛game 比赛match 比赛sports 运动player 参赛选手conch 数练judge 裁判jogging 漫跑weightlifting 举重22.衣服：clothes 衣服（统指各种衣服）cloth布（不可数名词）cothing衣服（服装的总称)23.事件：incident 事件accident事故形容词类1.immediate adj. 立即的，立刻的2.clear adj.清楚的，清晰的3.cautious adj.小心翼翼的4.vivid adj.生动的，通真的5.reliable adj.可靠的，可信赖的6.patient adj.耐心的7.plain adj.简单的，朴素的8.familiar adj. 熟悉的9.lucky adj. 幸运的10.amazing adj.令人惊异的11.silent adj.沉默的12.calm adj.平静的，冷静的13.secret adj.秘密的14.efficient adj.高效的，有效的15.flexible adj.灵活的plex adj.复杂的17.smooth adj. 平稳的，光滑的，顺利的18.sensitive adj.敏感的，体贴的19.honest adj.诚实的20.confident adj.自信的21.shy adj.害羞的，羞涩的22.thoughtful adj. 深思的，沉思的；体贴的23.light-hearted adj. 无忧无虑的24.private adj. 私人的25.personal adj.个人的26.unique adj.唯一的，独一无二的，独特的27.favourable adj.赞同的，有利的28.precious adj.宝贵的，珍贵的29.essential adj.必要的，重要的30.worthwhile adj.值得的31.physical adj.身体的，物理的32.sudden/abrupt adj. 突然的33.accurate adj. 精确的，准确的34.ridiculous adj. 可笑的，荒谬的35.urgent adj. 紧急的，急迫的36.shallow adj.浅的．肤浅的37.adoptable adj.可采用的，可收养的38.acceptable adj.可以接受的39.available adj.可利用的，可使用的，可得到的40.accessible adj.易接近的，易打交道的，可理解的41.punctual adj 守时的42.gentle adj.温柔的43.enthusiastic adj.热情的；热烈的；热心的44.energetic adj 精力充沛的，有活力的45.talkative adj.爱多说话的，多嘴的，健谈的46.impressive adj.印象深刻的47.traditional adj 传镜的48.practical adj. 实践的，实际的49.similar adj. 类似的，相似的50.convenient ad. 方便的，便利的51.unforgettable adj. 难忘的52.doubtful/skeptical ad可疑的；令人生疑的；疑心的；不能确定的53.respectable adj. 值得尊敬的54.respectful adj.恭敬的，有礼貌的55.distinguished adj.著名的；卓著的；高贵的plicated adj. 难懂的，复杂的57.awkward adj.尴尬的，笨拙的58.previous adj.以前的副词类1.exactly adv. 确切地，精确地／恰好地，正好地／（用于答语）完全正确，的确这样2.fortunately adv.幸运地3.surprisingly adv.令人惊讶地4.hardly adv. 几乎不5.instead adv. 代替，相反6.properly adv. 适当地；正确地；恰当地7.specially adv. 专门地8.simply adv. 简单地；仅仅，只，不过ly ade. 即，也就是10.not nearly=far from=nowhere near 远非，远远不，一点儿也不11.accidentally adv. 偶然地；意外地12.otherwise adv. 否则13.meanwhile adv. 期间，同时14.besides adv. 除······以外还有15.nevertheless adv. 然而；不过16.regularly adv. 定期地，有规律地17.merely adv. 仅仅，只（＝only)18.rarely adv.罕见地19.splendidly adv.极好地，壮丽地20.increasingly adv.越来越多地21.naturally adv.自然地22.frequently adv.经常地，频紧地23.especially adv.特别地，尤其地24.obviously adv.显面易见（＝apparently)25.necessarily adv.必要地，必须地，必然地26.generally adv.一般地，通常地27.eventually adv.最终，最后28.relatively adv.相对地，比较地29.approximately adv.近似地；大约30.absolutely adv.绝对地；极其31.neatly adv.整洁地32.entirely adv. 完全地33.highly adv.高度地，非常34.strongly adv. 强烈地，坚固地35.extremely adv.极端地，非常36.reasonably adv. 合乎情理地37.eagerly adv. 热切地；渴望地38.badly adv. 很，非常；严重地39.slightly adv. 稍微，轻微地40.equally adv. 平等地tely adv. 最近42.willingly adv. 情愿地43.unexpectedly adv.出乎意料地44.unwillingly adv. 不情愿地45.scarcely adv. 几乎不；简直不46.sooner or later迟早，早晚47.more or less或多或少，差不多，几乎48.once in a while 偶尔，时不时地49.now and then 偶尔，有时。

考前30天复习计划及提纲高频词汇再现：（记得看新增词汇明天巩固）With结构短语强调句：It’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.高考考题再现It _____ we had stayed together for a couple of weeks ____ I found we had a lot in common.A. was until; whenB. was until; thatC. wasn’t until; whenD. wasn’t until; thatIt is not who is right but what is right ______ is of importance.A. whichB. itC. thatD. thisnot…but …..不是….而是…..(改装成强调句考)it was what he said rather than what he did ______made me angryA. whichB. thatC. whatD. where08高考Ii is the ability to do the job _____matters not where you come from or who you areA. whichB. thatC. whatD. where09浙江高考－I’ve read another book this week.－Well, maybe _____ is not how much you read but what you read that counts.A. thisB. thatC. thereD. it其他考点再现My English teacher’s humor was ____ make every student burst into laughter.A. so as toB. such as toC. such thatD. so thatForm their ________ on the top of the TV Tower, visitors can have a better view of the city.A. stageB. positionC. conditionD. situation【答案】B 名词词义辨析；stage：舞台，时期，阶段；position：位置；condition：条件，情况；situation：形式，情况；情景；根据空前的物主代词their可以推断出此处选B。

考前必读词汇篇一、词形变换1.benefit→beneficial2.science→scientific3.whole→wholly4.dramatic→dramatically5.incredible→incredibly6.admire→admirer→admiration→admirable7.represent→representative8.approve→approval9.phenomenon→phenomena10.fog→foggy11.mystery→mysterious12.explain→explanation13.vary→various→variety14.anxious→anxiety15.diverse→diversity16.write→writing→written17.assume→assumption18.consume→consumption→consumermerce→commercial20.accurate→accuracy21.acquire→acquisition22.strong→strength→strengthen23.full→fully24.sympathy→sympathetic25.system→systematic26.symbol→symbolize27.satisfy→satisfaction→satisfactory28.shame→shameful29.pronounce→pronunciation30.analyse→analysis31.avoid→avoidable→unavoidable32.share→shared33.occur→occurrence34.recognize→recognition 35.sustainable→sustainability36.form→formation37.Spirit→spiritual→spirited(精力充沛的）38.envy→envious(jealous)39.reduce→reduction40.describe→description41.true→truth→truly42.specific→specifically43.destroy→destruction44.participate→participant45.possible→possibility46.critical→criticism47.extend→extension48.persuade→persuasive→persuasion49.absorb→absorption50.finance→financial51.lose→loss52.argue→argument53.balance→imbalance54.amaze→amazingly55.remind→reminder56.volunteer→voluntary57.efficient→efficiency58.admire→admiration→admirer59.apologize→apology60.explode→explosion61.generous→generosity62.strong→strength→strengthen63.fortunate→fortune64.record→recorder65.adapt→adaptation66.office→official67.establish→establishment68.deep→depth69.apply→application70.challenge→challenging71.doubt→undoubted(无疑的）72.analyze→analysis→analyses73.effective→effectiveness74.surprise→surprisingly75.increase→increasingly76.believe→believable77.expose→exposure78.harmony→harmonious79.determined→determinedly80.necessary→necessity81.collect→collector82.popular→popularity83.grow→growth84.medium→media85.habit→habitual86.convince→convincing二、不规则动词1.bite→bit→bitten2.stand→stood→stood3.forgive→forgave→forgiven4.strike→struck→struck5.forbid→forbade→forbidden6.broadcast→broadcast→broadcast7.suffer→suffered→suffered→suffering8.arise→arose→arisen9.bleed→bled→bled10.occur→occurred→occurred11.flee→fled→fled12.tear→tore→torn13.refer→referred→referred14.quit→quit→quit15.write→wrote→written16.fly→flew→flown17.flow→flowed→flowed18.cost→cost→cost19.spread→spread→spread20.Shut→shut→shut21.beat→beat→beaten22.become→became→become 23.catch→caught→caught24.spend→spent→spent25.stick→stuck→stuck26.dig→dug→dug27.hang→hung→hung28.smell→smelt→smelty→laid→laid30.lie→lay→lain31.sit→sat→sat32.mean→meant→meant33.dream→dreamt/dreamed→dreamt/dreamed34.feed→fed→fed35.lead→led→led36.win→won→won37.send→sent→sent38.begin→began→begun39.drink→drank→drunk40.sing→sang→sung41.throw→threw→thrown42.show→showed→showed/shown43.steal→stole→stolen44.choose→chose→chosen45.freeze→froze→frozen46.drive→drove→driven47.hide→hid→hidden48.destroy→destroyed→destroyed49.equip→equipped→equipped50.rise→rose→risen三、固定搭配1.in one’s absence 当某人不在时2.at one’s convenience当某人方便时3.have access to4.be admitted to5.be absorbed in6.accuse sb. of sth./charge sb. with sth.7.be addicted to对...上瘾8.have advantages over优于9.be based on10.in a way在某种程度上to some degree/extent在某种程度上11.be classified as归类称为12.be different from...in...13.suspect sb of doing sth.14.be stuffed with 充满15.be to blame for 应对...负责16.be accustomed to习惯17.apply to适用于18.approve of同意19.on average平均20.hold on to 坚持住、紧握21. live up to 不辜负22.give way to 让位、让步23.in vain 徒劳24.get rid of 摆脱；消灭25.make a difference 有影响、有关系26.take possession of 占有、拥有27.give away 分发、捐赠、泄露28.look back on 回首、回顾往事think back to 回想起29.in turn 轮流30.in the end 最终31.in total 总计32.at any rate 无论如何33.jump at 欣然接受34.put forward 提出35.in question 有问题、在讨论中36.have faith in sb. 信任某人37.hang out 闲逛、挂出38.look for\seek for\search for 寻找39.react to 作出反应40.set out to do sth 开始做......着手set about doinge to mind 突然想起e into effect 实施、生效43.in this respect 在这方面44.fall apart 奔溃、瓦解45.in contrast 相反46.in person 亲自47.take into account 考虑48.get hold of 抓住49.knock on 敲（门、窗）50.stand out 突出、站出来51.regardless of 不管、不顾52.by comparison with 与......相比较53.be patient with 对......有耐心54.be pleased with\be satisfied with 对......满意55.be content with 对......满意56.in the way 挡道、妨碍57.on duty 值班、值日58.in case 以防万一59.make one’s day 使某人开心60.by chance\by accident 偶然、意外地by design/on purpose/deliberately故意四、完形填空高频词汇1．occasion 场合2．take over 接管3．command 命令4．confirm 证实5．cultivate 培养6．prosperously 繁荣的7．suspect 怀疑8．relatively 相对的，比较的9．acknowledge 承认，鸣谢10．ambition 抱负，野心11．equally 平等地12．stubborn 固执的13．spiritual 精神的，心灵的14．magical 魔力的15．willingly 愿意地16．strengthen 加强17．image 形象18．complexity 复杂19．prejudice 偏见20．varied 多变的，各种各样的21．demanding 要求高的22．appropriate 合理的23．entertainment 娱乐24．deliberately 故意地25．purchase 购买26．tough 艰难的27．terrify 使害怕28．disappointing 令人失望的29．formal 正式的（informal)30．fulfill履行（诺言），执行（命令）31．evident 明显的32．consequently 因此，所以33．accustomed 习惯的34．accumulate 积累35．presence 出席36．bravery 勇敢37．horror 恐惧38．spotless 无暇的39．fundamental 基础的40．basically 基本的41．imitate 模仿42．awful 糟糕的43．stressful 有压力的44．persistent坚持不懈的45．reluctant 勉强的不愿意的46．diligent勤奋的47．attentive注意的，周到的48．unbearable 不能忍受的49．accommodation 住所50．constant 连续的51．brilliant杰出\才华横溢的52．clumsy 笨拙的53．declare 宣布，声明54．obtain 获得55．interactive 相互的，互动的56．in particular 尤其57．in reality 事实上58．emphasize 强调59．overlook 忽视60．deny 否认61．financial 金融62．budget 预算63．on the whole 整体上64．potential潜在的，潜能65．on the contrary 相反66．loyalty忠实67．assume 假设68．establish 建设69．flexible 灵活的70．sensitive 敏感的71．essential 必不可少的72．certainty肯定73．confuse 使迷惑，使混淆74．trap陷阱，困住75．secondary次要的76．turn up出现77．show off炫耀78．break in闯进79．settle down定居\安定下来80．relief安慰，减轻81．justice公正82．previous先前的，早先的83．instantly立即地84．regularly规则地，规律地85．occasionally偶尔地86．independence独立87．keep up with跟上88．catch up with追赶上89．come up with 想出90．put up with 忍受91．guarantee 保证92．sympathy 同情93．imaginary 想象力丰富的94．be filled with 充满95．be pleased with对.....感到满意96．be crowded with 挤满97．be equipped with配备有......98．possession 财产99．precious 珍贵的100．appreciate 欣赏，感激101．wander 闲逛102．get rid of 消除，摆脱103．particularly 尤其，特别104．undoubtedly 毫无疑问地105．temporarily 暂时地106．thankfully 幸运地107．lean against 靠着108．fierce 激烈的109．practical实际的，实用的110．faint 头晕的111．consult 咨询112．messy 乱的113．tiresome令人生厌的，无聊的114．set up 建立115．hold up 举起，支撑116．pick up 拾起，学会，接117．march 行军，前进118．turn out 结果是，证明是119．figure out 算出，想出120．optimistic 乐观的121．demonstrate证明，演示显示122．faithful 忠实的，忠诚的123．grasp 抓住，理解124．decorate 装饰125．pressure 压力126．predict 预测127．anticipate 预期；预计128．gesture 姿势129．dependent 依赖的130．sincerely 真诚地131．severely 严厉地132．astonishment 惊讶133．sharpen 使锋利134．privately 私人地135．frequently 频繁地136．manufacture 制造，制造业137．object 反对138．typical 典型的139．possibility 可能性140．accidentally 意外地，偶然地141．concentrate 集中142．tragedy 悲剧143．neglect 忽视144．disturbance 打扰145．restore 恢复146．available 可得到\可利用的147．accompany 陪伴148．characteristic 特征，特性149．automatic 自动的150．roughly 粗略地151．indicate 暗示152．plain平的，朴素的，简单的153．mercy 怜悯154．sample 样本155．considerable相当大，值得考虑的156．enthusiasm 热情157．modify 修改158．isolation隔离，孤立159．ceremony 典礼，仪式160．acceptable 可接受的161．absolutely 绝对地162．steady 稳定的163．consistently 一贯地，一致地164．permanent 永久的165．professional职业的，专业的166．dismiss 解雇167．countless 数不尽的168．thoroughly 彻底地169．standard 标准170．tolerate 忍受171．memorable值得纪念的172．leave for 离开去到173．somehow 不知怎么地174．somewhat稍微，有点175．giant 巨大的176．invisible 看不见的177．evaluation 评估178．magnificent 壮丽的179．inefficient 效率低的180．nonsense 废话，荒谬的181．preserve 保护，保存182．exhausted筋疲力尽的183．crash撞碎，坠毁184．suspicious怀疑的185．requirement要求186．athletic运动的，运动员的187．prohibit禁止，阻止188．depressed沮丧的，萧条的189．instruction教导，说明190．slightly轻微地191．undeserved不应得的192．betray背叛193．moderate 中等的，适度的194．honorable 值得尊敬的195．artificial 人造的196．concept 概念197．promising 有前途的198．conflict 冲突199．display 显示，陈列200．definitely 明确地，肯定地201．interrupt 打断202．recall回想起203．recite 背诵204．resist 抵制205．desperate 绝望的206．elegant 优雅的207．random 随机的208．profitable 有利可图的209．treasure 珍惜，宝藏210．poisonous 有毒的211．dilemma 窘境212．correctly 正确地213．complicated 复杂的214．cruel 残忍的215．feared 害怕的216．seize 抓住217．imply 暗示218．repay 偿还，报答219．contract 合同220．sacrifice 牺牲221．generally 一般来说222．entrance 入口223．unconscious 无意识的224．classification 分类225．mature 成熟的226．intelligent 智能的，聪明的227．competent 有能力的228．independent 独立的229．voluntarily 自愿地230．talented 有天赋的231．outstanding 出色的232．be aware of 意识到233．be fond of 喜欢234．be worthy of 值得235．distinguish 区分236．identify 鉴定，识别写作篇一. 应用文邀请信首段1.Learning/Knowing that you are interested in (感兴趣的内容), I take great pleasure in inviting you to take part in/ join in (活动).2.Learning/Knowing that you have a good command/knowledge of (话题内容), I would like to invite you to do sth（做某事）过渡句1.I’m sure you are bound to take an interest in these activities. For one thing, … For another, …2.By taking part in /participating in+活动,not only can/will you+好处, but also you can/will+好处.段尾1.We sincerely hope you would come and look forward to seeing you soon.申请信首段1.Hearing that volunteers are needed for the coming+活动名称, I can’t wait to apply for the position.（志愿者）2.Knowing that you are recruiting intern(实习生), I’m writing to express my interest in your recently advertised position (for+职位名称)（公司职位）过渡句1.With a serious attitude and sufficient practical experience, I feel I am the right person you are looking for.2.I think I am qualified for the job, because I have a good knowledge of+优势段尾I will appreciate it if you consider my application.建议信首段1.You have asked me for my advice concerning…and I’ll try to make some conductive suggestions.2.I am excited/sorry to learn that .(现状）过渡句1.I am sure to help you as much as I can.I would like to give you some suggestions.2.From where I stand, it is a great idea to… What’s more, I strongly advise you to… Last but not least, you can…段尾1.I hope that my suggestions are helpful/are be of benefit to you.2.I feel that it would be beneficial if you persist in doing it.3.I sincerely hope my suggestions will be of some help to you.求助信首段1.Faced with/Facing so much difficulty, I have to seek your assistance.2.Would you be kind enough to give me a hand with the following questions?过渡句1.There are several problems I’m faced with these days. Firstly, … Besides, …2.Some problems trouble me a lot. To begin with, … In the meantime, … Moreover,段尾1.I’m sure with your assistance I can make great progress.2.I’d be very appreciative if you offer to… I am looking forward to your response at your earliest convenience.通知注意格式，口头需要称呼加提醒语Dear boys and girls,May I have your attention, please! I have an announcement to make.首段1.We are pleased to inform you that…过渡句1.There will be many activities you are surely to be keen on, including…段尾1.Your contribution will surely make a difference.2.Those who take an interest in it are warmly welcome.活动类型活动意义学术类扩展视野broaden our horizon/give a glimpse of 提升成绩improve our academic performance 提高..兴趣activate/arouse/fuel passion in…艺术类扩展视野broaden our horizon/give a glimpse of 体验灿烂的文化experience splendid cultures丰富课余生活enrich our after-school life课外锻炼类唤新思想refresh our minds锻炼身体strengthen our body舒缓学习压力release our pressure社会服务类传播正能量promote positive energy提高合作能力improve our cooperative ability 传播…的思想spread the idea of…报道首段In order to…, our school launched an activity of…过渡句1.We made full preparations to organize it successfully.2.The activity mainly consisted of three parts. Firstly, … Secondly, … Finally, …3.What impressed us was…段尾1.There is no doubt that the activity is meaningful to us.2.Not only did it give us relaxation, but it also promoted the friendship among us.感谢信首段1.I’m writing to express my sincere gratitude to you for helping me…2.I feel like conveying my heartfelt thanks to you for…过渡句There is no denying that it is hard for me to…without your help.段尾1.I will be more than pleased if I have the opportunity to pay back your kindness.2.My appreciation to you for your generous help is beyond words. I wish I could pay back it someday.道歉信首段1.I’m writing this letter to make an apology to you for…2.I am indeed sorry for what I did, but believe me I had no intention to…过渡句1.I sincerely hope I can do something to make up for what I have done.2.I assure you that such a mistake will never be made again.段尾1.One more time, I’m sorry for any inconvenience caused.2.Will you please accept my sincere apologies for…?二、读后续写高分句型with复合结构1.Then, he went bouncing out like a happy deer with his scarf around his neck flying in the air.然后,他像只可爱的小鹿一样蹋蹦跳跳地出去了.脖子上的围巾在空中飞舞着.2.I hugged him tightly with grateful tears in my eyes.我紧紧地抱住他，眼里满含感激的泪水。

新概念英语三笔记（新东方版）新概念三第一课一． snob appeal 对于那种攀比的人群所构成吸引的消费二． dragon （贬义词）母夜叉亚洲四小龙：Four tigers三． find 丢了又找到了discover 原来存在，但不知道，后来发现（药品都是discover出来的，翻译时用研制）spot ＝＞pick out；recognize 是在很多相同或相近的人或事物中单独拿出、识辨出来1.a spot of 一点例：Recent I have had a spot of trouble.最近我有点麻烦。

2.a beauty spot :指人，美人痣；指物，风景名胜3.put sb. On the spot 让某人难堪（点儿背）＝＞embarrass sb. 让某人尴尬例：The case of taxation evasion has put the famous actress on the spot.这起偷税漏税事件使这位女演员十分难堪。

4.in the spotlight 某人特别引人注目（爱出风头）例：Don‘t you think that the actress Zhang Zi Yi is becoming more and m ore in the spotlight？你不觉得章子怡越来越引人注目了吗？5.on the spot ＝＞at once\right away\immediately 马上例：I‘m coming on the spot.我马上到。

on the spot 在现场例：The killer was caught red-handed(adv.) on the spot.杀人犯在现场被抓个人赃俱获。

6.sb. have a soft spot for sth. 某人喜欢某人\某物（对……心动\心软）例：I always have a soft spot for cat.我特别喜欢猫。

21. They could not go to the theater together because his free time never ______ with hers.A. collideB. complyC. coincideD. copecollide 碰撞，相冲撞collision 冲突bump 撞击bump into 邂逅，偶然遇到comply (with) 遵守（法律法规）adhere (to) 坚持，遵守，粘着conform (to) 符合，遵守（法律法规）cope (with) 处理22. Everyone in the auditorium was weeping by the time he finished the ____ tale.A. perpetualB. vigorousC. ultimateD. patheticdegenerate 退化perpetual 永久的centripetal 向心的centrifugal 离心的vigorous 精力充沛的，强壮的robust 强壮的energetic 激力充沛的，充满活力的ultimate 最后的intimate 亲密的legitimate 合法的pathetic 可怜的，动情的sympathetic 同情的23. We have taken all the ____ we can against the painting being stolen.A. precautionsB. admissionsC. concessionsD. transactions precaution 预防措施，警惕caution 警告24. The ____man would go his own way, in spite of all warnings.A. obedientB. obstinateC. digitalD. elaborateobedient 顺从的，服从的obey 服从digital 数字的，爪子，手指的prodigy 奇迹elaborate 精耕细作的，详细的25. Some flowers, like roses, are famous for their strong ______.A. fragranceB. flavorC. demonD. outlinedelirious 神志不清的delicious 美味的flavor 气味bruise 擦伤cruise 巡游cruiser 巡洋舰brutal 残忍的demon 魔鬼detest 厌恶contest 比赛protest 抗议light 光delight 高兴slight 轻微的，苗条的alight 点亮的blight 枯萎flight 飞行plight 困境depart 离开outline 大纲，轮廓outlook 前景，现象outlet 发泄，出口，出路outcome 结果output 产量outskirt 郊区outdoor 户外的26. The amateur team was _____from the contest in the first round.A. detachedB. excusedC. eliminatedD. distracteddetach 派遣relic 遗弃物eliminate 排除，淘汰limit 界限contest 比赛context 上下文pretext 借口texture 结构，质地27. He is planning another tour abroad, yet his passport will_____ at the end of this month.A. expireB. exceedC. terminateD. ceaseexpire 过期，断气genius 天才inspiration 灵感perspiration 汗水conspiracy 同谋，共谋28. All the off __shore oil explorers were in high spirits as they read _____letters from their families.A. sentimentalB. affectionateC. intimateD. sensitivesentimental 多愁善感的affectionate 有感情的intimate 亲密的sensitive 敏感的29. Please _____yourself from smoking and spitting in public places, since the law forbids them.A. restrainB. hinderC. restrictD. prohibitrestrain 限制，抑制（某人的行为）hinder 阻碍，阻碍restrict=put a limit 限制(时速，物价等)prohibit 禁止hamper 妨碍，约束30. The elderly Russians find it hard to live on their state____.A. pensionsB. earningsC. salariesD. donationsdonation 捐款generous 慷慨的colony 侨民，殖民地UNIT 51. Important people don't often have much free time as their work____all her time.A. takes awayB. takes overC. takes inD. takes uptake away 拿走take over 接管，监管，移交hand over 移交take in 吸收，欺骗，领会，理解I was simply taken in 我被骗了take up 开始从事，占据2. The braches could hardly_____ the weight of fruit.A. retainB. sustainC. maintainD. remaincontain 包含，包容detain 阻拦，拘留retain 保留，维持，保护attain 获得pertain 相关，从属maintain 坚持，维持pertinent 相关的，中肯的，贴切的pertinently 相关地，中肯地，贴切地continent 大陆sustain 支持，支撑，经历，保持underlying 基本的undergo 经历，经受，承受undertake 承担，负起…的责任underline 强调，划线于…下underscore 强调scores 乐谱notes 音符movement 乐章3. I never trusted him because I always thought of him as such a ____ character.A. graciousB. suspiciousC. uniqueD. particulargracious 谦和的，和善的unique 唯一的particular 特别的4. American women was ______ the right to vote until 1920 after many years of hard struggle.A. ignoredB. neglectedC. refusedD. deniedignore 忽视ignite 点燃neglect 忽视，忽略collect 收集，集中select 挑选，选择elect 选出，选举starry 繁星满天的silently 安静地，默默地emotion 感情flurry 使恐慌，不安empty 空的，空白slightly 轻轻地，些微地imply 暗示penalty 惩罚，点球merry 高兴concern 忧虑，关心occupy 占据，占领occupation 职业luxury 奢侈的many 许多integrity （道德上）正直，诚实confident 自信的genuine 真诚的modest 谦虚的，中庸的rely (on) 依赖truthful 真诚的generous 慷慨的humble 谦逊的，下贱的keep sb occupied for a week 忙了一周5. He made such a ____ contribution to the university that they are naming one of new buildings after him.A. genuineB. minimumC. modestD. generouscolony 侨民，殖民地，群a colony of bees 一群蜜蜂genuine 真诚的，诚实的true 真的，真正的real 真实的，真正的authentic 可信的，真实的minimum 最小值，最小化minimal 最小的minister 部长，大臣administer 管理administration 管理minimize 最小化miniature 微型的，缩小的6. Careful planning and hard work will _______ our final success.A. encloseB. ensureC. dischargeD. denyensure 保证，担保insure 保险policy 保单7. It took him several months to ________ a wild horse.A. tendB. cultivateC. tameD. breedtend (to) 打算做，照看bartender 酒吧招待tender 柔软的，易受伤害的，善良的cult 祭祀的活动，迷信，礼拜cultivate (对人的)培育，培养，耕作culture 文化bargain 讨价还价，谈判barren 贫瘠的，荒凉的barbarian 野蛮人abo=aboriginal 澳洲土著人embarrass 使尴尬bare 光秃的，裸露的assassin 谋杀，暗杀tame 驯化contaminate (化学)污染contamination (化学)污染8. I hate people who ______ end of a film that you haven't seen before.A. reviseB. rewriteC. revealD. reversereveal 揭示，揭露veil 面纱disclose 揭发，泄露uncover 揭露，发现unfold 揭露，打开，展开revise 修改，校对vision 视线supervise 监督supervisor 监考官reverse 颠倒，反转converse 对话，颠倒的，相反的conversation 交谈diverse 不同的，变化多的controversy 争论，辩论universe 宇宙，世界verse 诗歌9. The soldier was _____ of running away when the enemy attacked.A. accusedB. chargedC. scoldedD. punishedaccuse (of) 指控，指责charge (with) 控告，指责scold 责备，责骂punish 惩罚attack 攻击assault 攻击，袭击10. None of the servants was ______ when Mr Smith wanted to send a message.A.availableB.approachableC.attainableD.applicableavailable 可获得的，有用的approachable 可接近的attainable 可获得的applicable 可应用的11. The doctor told Penny that too much ____to the sun is bad for the skin.A. exposureB. extensionC. exhibitionD. expansionexposure 暴露extension 伸展，扩展exhibition 展览expansion 膨胀12. She cut her hair short and tried to _____ herself as a man.A. decorateB. disguiseC. fabricateD. fakedisguise 伪装disgust 恶心，反感awful 恶心的，极度的，可怕的repulsive 恶心的，令人厌恶的nasty 恶心的，淫秽的，下流的，龌龊的navigate 航行，航海navigator 航海者，海员nausea 恶心，晕船13. We need help from the other countries. But we do not _______ on others for support.A. engageB. leanC. stripD. multiplyengage (in) 从事某事engagement 约会lean (on) 依靠，斜靠着，瘦的strip 脱衣destination 目的地detest 厌恶delight 高兴depart 离开multiply 乘以，增加，繁殖comply with 遵守compliant 顺从的compliance 遵守，顺从supply 供给reply 回答imply 暗示multimedia 多媒体multidirectional 多方面的，全方位multiform 多形式的14. We are writing to the manager ______ the repairs recently carried out at the above address.A. with the exception ofB. with the purposeC. with reference toD. with a view to介词+名词+介词其短语的含义取决于中间名词的意思view 视野，风景，观点come into view 看得见，应入眼帘yearling 一岁兽15. Whether their football team will win is a matter of _____ to me.A.indifferenceB.discriminationC.deviationD. interestsindifference (to) 冷漠，无兴趣discrimination 歧视，区别deviation 偏差，偏离interest 兴趣16. The coming of the railways in 1830s____ our society and economic life.A.transformedB.transportedC.transferredD. transmittedeconomy 经济economic 经济的economical 节俭的economics 经济学electron 电子electronic 电子的electronics 电子学multiform 多种形式的transport 运输port 港口transplant 移植translate (into) 翻译a big fish 大人物porter 搬运工portable 可搬运的，便携式的export 出口import 进口support 支持visible 可见的appreciable 可欣赏的，值得重视的successful 成功的respectable 可尊敬的conference 会议refer (to) 谈及interfere 干涉，干扰17. If you want to know the train schedule, please ______ at the booking office.A. acquireB. inquireC. requestD. requireacquire 获得require 要求，请求，命令inquire 询问，盘问，追究request 要求18. I am not sure whether I can gain any profit from the investment, so I can’t make a(n) ____ promise to help you.A. exactB. definedC. definiteD. sureinvestment 投资investigate 调查irrigate 灌溉irritable 激怒的navigate 航行castigate 惩罚mitigate 缓和，调解，减轻sure 确信insure 保险ensure 确保define 限定，下定义final 结束的refine 提纯finance 财政，资金19. It has been revealed that some government leaders ____ their authority and position to get illegal profits for themselves.A. employB. takeC. abuseD. overlookabuse 滥用，虐待abnormal 不正常的，反常的overlook 忽视oversee 监督，监视overhear 无意中听到20. Writing is a slow process, requiring ______ thought, time and effort.A.significantB.considerableC.enormousD.numerousconsiderable 相当多的，值得考虑的significant 重要的，有意义的enormous= tremendous 相当多的，大量的numerous 许多的，大量的star 星星planet 行星comet 彗星constellation 星座21. When people become unemployed, it is ____ which is often worse than lack of wages.A. lazinessB. povertyC. idlenessD. inabilitypluck 采摘plead 辩护probe 调查blush 脸红22. The newly-built science building seems ______ enough to last a hundred years.A. spaciousB. sophisticatedC. substantialD. steadysteady=well controled (社会制度)稳定的，牢固的substantial=solid 稳固的solid 固体stable 稳定的，establish 建立，创建spacious 宽广的，宽敞的sophisticate 使老于世故，使复杂naive 天真的innocent 无辜的，纯真的eminent 优秀的，杰出的prominent 突出的，显著的，向前伸23. An important property of a scientific theory is its ability to _____ further research and further thinking about a particular topic.A. stimulateB. renovateC. arouseD. advocatestimulate 刺激renovate 革新，更新novel a.新颖的n.小说arouse 引起，引发advocate 拥护，提倡，支持renouvate 更新，革新，翻新rise 上升，升起arise 出现arouse 唤起，引起raise 举起，立起advocate 支持，拥护evoke 唤起，引发，喊出（思想）等provok 激发，激怒，煽动24. The new secretary has written a remarkably ___ report only in a few pages but with all details.A. conciseB. clearC. preciseD. elaborateconcise 简捷的，简明的clear 清楚的clarify 澄清，阐明precise 精确的，精致的excise 切除，割去contemporary 同时代的，当代的clear 清晰的bleary 模糊的25. The boy slipped out of the room and headed for the swimming pool without his parent’s_____.A. commandB. convictionC. consentD. compromiseconsent 同意conviction 坚信的信念，深信victory 胜利compromise 妥协26. A.lthough Asian countries are generally more _____ in social customs than Western countries, there have been several notable examples of women leaders in Both China and India.A.conservativeprehensiveC.confidentialD.consistentinsidious 阴险的，狡诈的smother 闷死，窒息死comprehensive 理解的，广泛的，全面的confidential 秘密的confident 自信的consistent 一致的conservation 保存convention 传统惯例，大会comprehensive 广泛的，综合的27. The 215-page manuscript, circulated to publisher last October, _____ an outburst of interest.A. flaredB. glitteredC. sparkedD. flashedspark 闪烁，闪光outburst 爆发，爆炸spark 引起，引发flare 燃烧flag 旗帜flame 火焰flash 闪电，闪光，闪烁flip 轻而快的打击flight 飞翔clip 简短，修剪fledgeling 小鸟，无经验的人flake 雪花flair 本能flaunt 炫耀flock 一群，人群flout 蔑视flatter 拍马，谄媚furry 困惑，令人心慌flack 严厉批评，推销glitter 闪光Not all the glitters are golds. 并不是所有闪光的都是金子28. I am not _____ with my roommate but I have to share the room with her, becauseI have no where else to live.A. concernedB. compatibleC. considerateD. compiledcompatible 兼容的，相容的incompatible (with) 不相容的nova 新星29. A ____ of the long report by the budget committee was submitted to the mayor for approval.A. shorthandB. schemeC. scheduleD. sketchshorthand 速记scheme 计划schedule 时刻表sketch 草案，草图30. There is no easy solution to Japan’s labor________.A. declineB. vacancyC. rarityD. shortagedecline 下降，下垂vacancy 空位（无人占用）空置，空缺rare 稀少的，珍贵的rarity 稀少rare book 珍藏本rare animal 珍奇动物best seller 畅销书empty 空的vacant 空洞的，言之无物bald 秃的bare 部分赤裸nud 全身赤裸。

细节题准确定位方法：1、根据题干关键词定位。

（注意题干关键词在文章中的同义词）例：brave=bold2、利用因果、条件、比较关系词定位。

例：It's a better way of education. 条件词：It is a good way of education；if.... At...When...都是if的同义转换。

3、注意结合顺序原则定位。

4、难于定位时，抓住段落中最重要的考试原则句进行反推18. Echo location in this article means the _____.根据顺序原则定位在第三段。

A) location of echoesB) ability to determine where an echo comes fromC) scientific term for sound wavesD) ability to locate unseen objects by echoesTo appreciate the precision of the bats' echo location, we must first consider the degree of their reliance upon it. Thanks to sonar, an insect-eating bat can get along perfectly well without eyesight. This was brilliantly demonstrated by the Italian naturalist Lazzaro Spallanzani. He caught some bats in a bell tower, blinded them. and released them outdoors. Four of these blind bats were recaptured after theyhad found their ways back to the bell tower, and on examining their stomachs' contents, Spallanxani found that they had been able to capture and eat flying insects. We know from experiments that bats easily find insects in the dark of night, even when the insects make no sound that can be heard by human ears. A bat will catch hundreds of softbodied silent flying insects in a single hour. It will even detect and chase pebbles (卵石) tossed (向上扔)into the air. Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:31. When a consumer finds that his purchase has a fault in it, the first thing he should do is to ________A) complain personally to the managerB) threaten to take the matter to courtC) write a firm letter of complaint to the store of purchaseD) show some written proof of the purchase to the store32. If a consumer wants a quick settlement of his problem, it's better to complain to ________.A) a shop assistantB) the manufacturerC) the store managerD) a public organization33. The most effective complaint can be made by _________.A) showing the faulty item to the manufacturerB) explaining exactly what is wrong with the itemC) saying firmly that the item is of poor qualityD) asking politely to change the item34. The phrase "live up to"(Para. 1, Line 2) in the context means ________.A) meet the standard ofB) realize the purpose ofC) fulfill the demands ofD) keep the promise of35. The passage tells us _________.A) how to settle a consumer' s complaint about a faulty itemB) how to make an effective complaint about a faulty itemC) how to avoid buying a faulty itemD) how to deal with complaints from customersQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:When a consumer finds that an item she or he bought is faulty or in some other way does not live up to the manufacturer's claim for it, the first step is to present the warranty(保单), or any other records which might help, at the store of purchase. In most cases, this action will produce results. However, if it does not, there are various means the consumer may use to gain satisfaction.注：1.present v. 提交2.主题句后将介绍其他不同投诉的方法A simple and common method used by many consumers is to complain directly to the store manager. In general, the "higher up" the consumer takes his or her complaint, the faster he or she can expect it to be settled. In such a case, it is usually settled in the consumer' s favor, assuming he or she has a just claim.注：the more...the more... 比较结构，可以跟32题联系在一起。

新东方法笔记托福的指导新东方法笔记托福的指导新东方TOEFL复习笔记（第二部分：语法笔记）3改错部分：a.改错题做题要点：1．语法与句意并重，一定要通读全句2．一边读句意，一边思考划线部分的语法知识点是否正确b.改错题出题方向：一、名词：A、名词做定语的单复数问题：1．名词做定语，即n1修饰n2,n1必须为单数。

（讲义P110）atwenty-fourhourperiod√例外：agreetingscard √asavingsbank√acommunucationssatellite√asportscar√asalesgirl√asystemsengineering√2．manywoman修饰名词，单复数与后面的名词的单复数一致，比如：womenboxers（讲义P111）3．thehighsetscientificlabX achemicallabX amathmatics(n.)professor√abiologicaltextbookX当表示某一学科的教授、学生、教科书、实验室、系等教学要素，应该用名词修饰，而不是用形容词。

eg:aphysicsstudentthescientificandtechnicalfield(用形容词因为field不是教学要素)B、限定词与名词单复数：（讲义P14）1．some/any/all单复数均可，可数不可数均可如：somekind某一种 somekinds某些种sometime somemoneyanyofthebooks/so meofthebooks→any/some作代词Wouldyoulikesomecoffee?(想要得到肯定的回答) 2．Many+plMuch+/Λ/ （见讲义P13）Asmuchas2,000kms.√永远作单数Asmanyas50precentoftheincome.X precent/Λ/ Asmuchas50precentoftheincome.√2000kmsisalongdistance.√manyare…bymany… many也可以作prep(讲义P113)3．few/afew 可数，肯定（讲义P12）little/alittle不可数，否定（a）few+n.s4．each/every单数，可数eg eachtenboys√eachmajorstylesXeachmajorstyle√5．数词/several+pl.fiveaircraft√ severalsettings√several+n.s6．oneof+pl （讲义P17）among+pl (讲义P111)7．first/only/simple单/复数均可thefirstschool 第一所学校thefirstschools第一批学校theonlyuniversity唯一的大学theonlyuniversity唯一的几所大学single:asingle+n.(sing)/nosingle+n.(sing)也可pl:twosinglerooms8．another+sing（复数也可以，但不多）other+pl（单数也可以，但不多）anyother+singanothertwoboys otherpart ttheother+sing/planyotherstate=anyoftheotherstates9．Hundred/thousand/million数量词=数词+量词fivethousandspiecesX→fivethousandpiece （five:数词thousand量词）一亿本书：hundredmillionsbooksXhundredsmillionbooksXhundredsmillionsbooksX(a)hundredmillionsbooks√数量10．anumberof+pl+v(pl) （讲义P189）thenumberof+pl+v(sing)11．Various/diverse/numerous+pl.C、可数与不可数名词：1．常考的可数n. （讲义P235）achancediscovery一个偶然发现population:人口数/Λ/ 各地的人口数/c/ 人群/c/：asamplepopulationmakegreateffortstodocoloreffectsaclue一条线索anamountof+/Λ/2．常考的不可数名词： (讲义P101)a.流体：airsmokeoi lwater…b.总称名词：poetryfoliage… [集合名词：familypeoplepolice…+are]c.抽象名词：wisdomknowledgeinformation…d.自然现象：sunlightdarknessweatherrain…[但是：aheavyrain前有adj.，raindrop滴，可数]e.颗粒装物体：ricesaltparder（颗粒）…f.疾病：measlesmumpsdiaheties…g.学科：讲义P102 statistics:统计学，不可数；统计数据，可数3．常考的不规则单复数：（讲义P1034）*tooth划线，这个答案一定错。

●短文回答语言方面要求一、答案语法结构应与问题要求一致二、照搬：a. 以单词或短语回答--彻底照搬b. 小于等于4个字的句子--彻底照搬c. 超过4个字的语句可用代词替换名词，用动词替换动词词组。

例如：There is a basic human earth to make sense of the world.可以将make sense of 改写为understand。

三、注意语言错误（主谓不一致、时态不对应）答案时态与题目时态保持一致Unit 1Part IV Short Answer QuestionsIn Britain, the old Road Traffic Act restricted speeds to 2 m. p. h. (miles per hour) in towns and 4 m. p. h. in the country. Later Parliament increased the speed limit to 14 m. p.h. But by 1903 the development of the car industry had made it necessary to raise the limit to 20 m. p. h. By 1930, however, the law was so widely ignored that speeding restrictions were done away with altogether. For five years motorists were free to drive at whatever speeds they liked. Then in 1935 the Road Traffic Act imposed a 30 m. p. h. speed limit in built-up areas, along with the introduction of driving tests and pedestrian crossing.注：1.ignore 忽略2.be done away with 取消、废除3.impose 实施4."A and B"结构就用"A and B"结构回答71.During which period could motorist drive without limits?注：用单词短语，把时间起点终点找出来，然后用介词联起来From 1930 to 193572. What measures were adopted in 1935 in addition to the speeding restrictions? 注：1.measure n.措施；v.衡量2.题中measures 表明考得是列举语言现象Driving tests and pedestrian crossingSpeeding is now the most common motoring offence in Britain. Offences for speeding fall into three classes: exceeding the limit on a restricted road, exceeding on any road the limit for the vehicle you are driving, and exceeding the 70 m. p. h. limit on any road. A restricted road is one where the street lamps are 200 yards apart, or more.注：exceed 超过73. Speeding is a motoring offence a driver commits when he _________ 注：1.offend v. 犯罪；冒犯2.题中只需要补充一个谓语动词Key：Exceeds the speed limitsThe main controversy (争论) surrounding speeding laws is the extent of their safety value. The Ministry of Transport maintains that speed limits reduce accidents. It claims that when the 30 m. p. h. limit was introduced in 1935 there was a fall of 15 percent in fatal accidents. Likewise, when the 40 m.p. h. speed limit was imposed on a number of roads in London in the late fifties, there was a 28 percent reduction in serious accidents. There were also fewer casualties (伤亡) in the year after the 70 m. p. h. motorway limit was imposed in 1966.注：maintain认为74. What is the opinion of British authorities concerning speeding laws?注：What+opinion 题型，需要用句子来回答，根据British authorities 定位第三段Key：Speed limits reduce accidentsIn America, however, it is thought that the reduced accident figures are due rather to the increase in traffic density. This is why it has even been suggested that the present speed limits should be done away with completely, or that a guide should be given to inexperienced drivers and the speed limits m ade advisory, as is done in parts of the USA.75. What reason do Americans give for the reduction in traffic accidents?注：根据Americans 定位第四段Key：The increase in traffic densityUnit 3Part IV Short Answer QuestionsFor many women choosing whether to work or not to work outside their home is a luxury: they must work to survive. Others face a hard decision.Perhaps the easiest choice has to do with economics. One husband said, "Marge and I decided after careful consideration that for her to go back to work at this moment was an extravagance (奢侈) we couldn't afford." With two preschool children, it soon became clear in their figuring that with babysitters (临时照看小孩的人), transportation, and increased taxes, rather than having more money, they might actually end up with less.Economic factors are usually the first to be considered, but they are not the most important. The most important aspects of the decision have to do with the emotional needs of each member of the family. It is in this area that husbands and wives find themselves having to face many confusing and conflicting feelings.There are many women who find that homemaking is boring or who feel imprisoned (被囚禁) if they have to stay home with a young child or several children. On the other hand, there are women who think that homemaking gives them the deepest satisfaction.From my own experience. I would like to suggest that sometime the decision to go back to work is made in too much haste. There are few decisions that I now regret more. I wasn't mature enough to see how much I could have gained at home. I regret my impatience to get on with my career. I wish I had allowed myself the luxury of watching the world through my little girl's eyes.Questions: （注意：答题尽量简短，超过10个词要扣分。