大学英语四级写作词汇手册
1解决: Solve, deal with, cope with, handle, resolve, address, tackle
2损害：Damage, hurt, injure, harm, impair, undermine, jeopardize
3给与：Give, offer, render, impart, provide, supply, afford
4培养：：Develop, cultivate, foster
5优势：Advantage, merit, virtue, benefit, upside, strength
6 缺陷：Disadvantage, demerit, drawback, downside, weakness
7 使迷惑：Puzzle, bewilder, perplex, baffle
8 重要的：Key, crucial, critical, important, significant, vital, substantial, indispensable, imperative
9 认为：Think, believe, insist, maintain, assert, conclude, deem, hold, argue, be convinced, be firmly convinced, be fully convinced
10 保护：Protect, conserve, preserve
11确保：Assure, ensure, guarantee, pledge
12 有害的：Bad, baneful evil, harmful, detrimental
13 要求：Request, demand, needs, requisition
14 消除：Eliminate, clear, remove, clear up, take away, smooth away
15 导致：Lead to, bring about, result in, cause, spark off, conduce to, procure, induce, generate
16 因此：So, therefore, thus, hence, consequently, as a consequence, accordingly, as a result, because of this, as a result of this
17 增长至：Grow to，rise to，increase to，go up to，climb to，ascend to，jump to，shoot to
18降低至：Dip to，fall to，decline to，decrease to，drop to，go down to，reduce to，slump to，descend to，sink to，slide to
19保持稳定：Level out，do not change，remain stable，remain still，remain steady，be stable，maintain the same level，remain unchanged，be still，remain the same level，stay constant，keep at the same level，level off，stabilize，keep its stability，even out 20 急剧地：Dramatically，drastically，sharply，hugely，enormously，steeply，substantially，considerably，significantly，markedly，surprisingly，strikingly，radically，remarkably，vastly，noticeably
21平稳地：Steadily，smoothly，slightly，slowly，marginally，gradually，moderately，mildly
22 宣称：Allege, assert, declare, claim contend
23 发生：Happen, occur, take place
24 原因：Reason, factor, cause
25 发展：Development, advance, progress
26 有益的：Useful, helpful, beneficial, profitable, rewarding，advantageous
27 影响：Influence, impact, effect
28明显的：Clear, obvious, evident, self-evident, manifest, apparent, crystal-clear
29占：Comprise, take up, account for, constitute, consist of, make up, occupy, hold, compose
30与…相比：Compared with，compared to，in comparison with，in comparison to，by comparison with，by comparison to
31对比而言：By contrast，in contrast，on the other hand，on the contrary=，conversely 32展示：Show, reveal, illustrate, demonstrate, depict, present, represent, describe
33 大约：Approximately，almost，about，around，nearly，roughly
34波动：Fluctuate，go ups and downs，display a fluctuation，demonstrate a fluctuation 35事实上：Practically，in practice，essentially，in essence，in reality，in effect，in fact，as a matter of fact，it is a fact that
36换言之：Namely，that is to say，in other words，to put it like this，to put it differently，to put it from another way，to put it from another angle
连接词：
表示强调：still, Indeed, apparently, oddly enough, of course, after all, significantly, interestingly, also, above all, surely, certainly, undoubtedly, in any case, anyway, above all, in fact, especially. Obviously, clearly.
表示比较：like, similarly, likewise, in the same way, in the same manner, equally.
表示对比：by contrast, on the contrary, while, whereas, on the other hand, unlike, instead, but, conversely, different from, however, nevertheless, otherwise, whereas, unlike, yet, in contrast.
表示列举：for example, for instance, such as, take ...for example. Except (for), to illustrate.
表示时间：later, next, then, finally, at last, eventually, meanwhile, from now on, at the same time, for the time being, in the end, immediately, in the meantime, in the meanwhile, recently, soon, now and then, during, nowadays, since, lately, as soon as, afterwards, temporarily, earlier, now, after a while.
表示顺序：first, second, third, then, finally, to begin with, first of all, in the first place, last, next, above all, last but not the least, first and most important.
表示可能：presumably, probably, perhaps.
用于解释：in other words, in fact, as a matter of fact, that is, namely, in simpler terms.
表示递进：What is more, in addition,and, besides, also, furthermore, too, moreover, furthermore, as well as, additionally, again.
表示让步：although, after all, in spite of..., despite, even if, even though, though, admittedly, whatever may happen.
表示转折：however, rather than, instead of, but, yet, on theother hand, unfortunately. whereas
表示原因：for this reason, due to, thanks to, because, because of, as, since, owing to.
表示结果：as a result, thus, hence, so, therefore, accordingly, consequently, as consequence.
用于总结：on the whole, in conclusion, in a word, to sum up, in brief, in summary, to conclude, to summarize, in short.
其他类型：Mostly, occasionally, currently, naturally, mainly, exactly, evidently, frankly, commonly, for this purpose, to a large extent, for most of us, in many cases, in this case,
写作高级词汇替换 ★形容词： 1. 贫穷的：poor = needy = impoverished = poverty-stricken 2. 富裕的：rich = wealthy = affluent = well-to-do = well-off 3. 优秀的：excellent = eminent = top = outstanding 4. 积极的，好的：good = conducive = beneficial=advantageous 5. 消极的，不良的：bad = detrimental= baneful =undesirable 6. 明显的：obvious = apparent = evident =manifest 7. 健康的: healthy = robust = sound = wholesome 8. 惊人的：surprising = amazing = extraordinary = miraculous 9. 美丽的：beautiful = attractive = gorgeous = eye-catching 10. 有活力的：energetic = dynamic = vigorous =animated 11. 流行的：popular = prevailing = prevalent= pervasive 1.Everywhere 普遍的Widespread、Prevalent、Overflow、Rampant 2.Good 好的Beneficial、Advantageous 3.Harmful 有害的Inhumane、Detrimental、Baneful 4.Rich 富有的Wealthy、Affluent 5.Poor 贫穷的Impoverished 7.Serious 严重的Severe 8.Obvious 明显的Manifest、Apparent、Evident 9.cheap 便宜的Economical、Inexpensive ★动词： 1. 提高，加强：improve = enhance= promote = strengthen = optimize 2. 引起：cause = trigger = endanger 3. 解决：solve =resolve =address = tackle =cope with = deal with 4. 拆除：destroy = tear down = knock down = eradicate 5. 培养: develop = cultivate = foster = nurture 6. 激发，鼓励：encourage = motivate = stimulate = spur 7. 认为：think = assert= hold = claim = argue 8. 完成：complete = fulfill = accomplish= achieve 9. 保留：keep = preserve = retain = hold 10. 有害于：destroy = impair = undermine = jeopardize 11. 减轻: ease = alleviate = relieve = lighten 1.Improve 提高：Promote、Advance、Enhance 2.change 改变：Transform 3.Emphasize 强调：Highlight、Stress、Address(这是个9星级用法) 4.Develop培养：Agriculture、Cultivate、Nurture 5.Break 破坏：Impair、Undermine这两个词指的是抽象意义上的破坏Jeopardize、Devastate 6.Keep 保存Preserve、Conserve 保护资源 7.deal With解决Tackle、Address（这也是高难度用法，很牛）、Resolve 8.need 需要Require、necessitate、call for ★名词： 1. 影响：influence= impact 2. 危险：danger = perils =hazard
最牛英语口语培训模式：躺在家里练口语，全程外教一对一，三个月畅谈无阻！ 洛基英语，免费体验全部在线一对一课程：https://www.doczj.com/doc/7665486.html,/ielts/xd.html（报名网址） In a telephone survey of more than 2，000 adults，21% said they believed the sun revolved (旋转)around the earth. An 71 7% did not know which revolved around 72. I have no doubt that 73 all of these people were 74 in school that the earth revolves around the sun; 75 may even have written it 76 at test. But they never 77 their incorrect mental models of planetary (行星的) 78 because their every day observations didn’t support 79 their teachers told them: People see the sun moving 80 the sky as morning turns to night，and the earth seems stationary (静止的) 81 that is happening. Students can learn the right answers 82 heart in class，and yet never combined them 83 their working models of the world. The objectively correct answer the professor accepts and the 84 personal understanding of the world can 85 side by side，each unaffected by the other. Outside of class，the student continues to use the 86 model because it has always worked well 87 that circumstance. Unless professors address 88 errors in students’personal models of the world，students are not 89 to replace them with the 90 one. 71.A.excessive B. extraC. additionalD. added 72.A.what B. whichC. thatD. other 73.A.virtually B. remarkablyC. ideallyD. preferably 74.A.learned B. suggestedC. taughtD. advised 75.A.those B. theseC. whoD. they 76.A.on B. withC. underD. for 77.A.formed B. alteredC. believedD. thought 78.A.operation B. positionC. motionD. location 79.A.how B. whichC. thatD. what 80.A.around B. acrossC. onD. above 81.A.since B. soC. whileD. for 82.A.to B. byC. inD. with 83.A.with B. intoC. toD. along 84.A.adult’s B. teacher’sC. scientist’sD. student’s 85.A.exist B. occurC. surviveD. maintain 86.A.private B. individualC. personalD. own 87.A.in B. withC. onD. for 88.A.general B. naturalC. similarD. specific 89.A.obliged B. likelyC. probableD. partial 90.A.perfectB. betterC. reasonableD. correct 【答案】： 71.C72.B73.A74.C75.D76.A77.B78.C79.D80.B 81.C82.B 83.A84.D85.A86.C87.A88.D89.B90.D 【答案解析】： 71.C四个答案都有“额外”的意思，但各有偏重。A重在表达“过量、超过正常的部分”;B是“在一类事物之外的额外部分”;D是“外加的”。因此只有C答案符合本题要求：“另外有7%的人不知道是谁绕着谁转。”
常见同义词替换 A A range of=an array of= a list of= a collection of=a series of= a set of一系列Accelerate=speed up加速 Accomplishment=achievement 成就，完成 Accomplish=achieve （V）完成，达成，成就 Attend=participate in 参加 Achieve=obtain=gain=access to sth得到、获得 Aim.n=objective=goal 目的 Aim at=focus on=concentrate on=emphasize on 集中、强调 Attempt to do=try to do=intend to do尝试作，想要作 Approximately=roughly=about=some=around 大约 As a result=consequently=as a consequence=hence因此、从而 Associate with=connect with=link with=relate to=involve in与……相关联Attach to=connect to=link to与……相连接、附着在……上 At will=at random＝by chance=by accident=accidentally随意地 B Be similar to=closely resembled =have something in common 相似 Be used to=be devoted to专门用于 Be equivalent to=be equal to 等同于 Be taken aback=be surprised 吃惊 C Calculate=measure 衡量 Catch up with=keep pace with跟上步伐
概要写作作文模版 Final approval draft on November 22, 2020
2017届高三英语作文（概要写作） 姓名：______________ 班级：_____________日期：__________ 审题思路及草稿：1，文章话题及体裁______________________________ 2,时态_________________________________________ 3,划出文章段落主题句并分析结构；__________________ 主旨要点一及替换词句：____________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 主旨要点二及和替换词句：____________________________________________ 主旨要点三及和替换词句：______________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 其他要点及替换词句：______________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ 4, 要点间的过渡词/句：______________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 5,替换思维：:主动句变被动、同义词替换，概括性词汇代替具体数字，单位， 非谓语代替定语从句 正式成文:不涂改，落线平齐写，字母书写按四线格，单词间距一个字母， ，向右倾斜5度,行文简洁连贯，杜绝抄袭（行动就是朝目标前进） _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________ 范文学习/自我改进稿（不断学习和改进，Practice makes perfect ) _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________
写作高级词汇替换 ★形容词: 1、贫穷的:poor = needy = impoverished = poverty-stricken 2、富裕的:rich = wealthy = affluent = well-to-do = well-off 3、优秀的:excellent = eminent = top = outstanding 4、积极的,好的:good = conducive = beneficial=advantageous 5、消极的,不良的:bad = detrimental= baneful =undesirable 6、明显的:obvious = apparent = evident =manifest 7、健康的: healthy = robust = sound = wholesome 8、惊人的:surprising = amazing = extraordinary = miraculous 9、美丽的:beautiful = attractive = gorgeous = eye-catching 10、有活力的:energetic = dynamic = vigorous =animated 11、流行的: popular = prevailing = prevalent= pervasive 1、Everywhere 普遍的Widespread、Prevalent、Overflow、Rampant 2、Good 好的Beneficial、Advantageous 3、Harmful 有害的Inhumane、Detrimental、Baneful 4、Rich 富有的Wealthy、Affluent 5、Poor 贫穷的Impoverished 7、Serious 严重的Severe 8、Obvious 明显的Manifest、Apparent、Evident 9、cheap 便宜的Economical、Inexpensive ★动词: 1、提高,加强:improve = enhance= promote = strengthen = optimize 2、引起:cause = trigger = endanger 3、解决:solve =resolve =address = tackle =cope with = deal with 4、拆除:destroy = tear down = knock down = eradicate 5、培养: develop = cultivate = foster = nurture 6、激发,鼓励:encourage = motivate = stimulate = spur 7、认为: think = assert= hold = claim = argue 8、完成:complete = fulfill = accomplish= achieve 9、保留:keep = preserve = retain = hold 10、有害于:destroy = impair = undermine = jeopardize 11、减轻: ease = alleviate = relieve = lighten 1、Improve 提高:Promote、Advance、Enhance 2、change 改变:Transform 3、Emphasize 强调:Highlight、Stress、Address(这就是个9星级用法) 4、Develop培养:Agriculture、Cultivate、Nurture 5、Break 破坏:Impair、Undermine这两个词指的就是抽象意义上的破坏Jeopardize、Devastate 6、Keep 保存Preserve、Conserve 保护资源 7、deal With解决Tackle、Address(这也就是高难度用法,很牛)、Resolve 8、need 需要Require、necessitate、call for ★名词: 1、影响:influence= impact 2、危险:danger = perils =hazard
aspect: dimension/facet part: proportion/section thing:affair/business/matter people:individuals old people: the old/the elderly/the aged/se nior/citizens side: angle advantage:virtue/merit/benefi t/superiority mistake:fault/error/fallacy/fl aw/defect/bug fame:reputation/renown/pres tige ability: capacity/competence/capabilit y top: climax/peak/zenith emphasize:attach great impor tance to deal with:tackle/figure out blame:condemn influence:impact/effect responsibility: obligation/liability way: method/approach situation:circumstance/positio n/plight reason:factor/cause solve: resolve/tackle/cope with/deal with I think: I hold/take the view that in my opinion: from my standpoint/from my/ perspective/as to me/accordin g to my knowledge because:in that/due to/for th e reason that at last: eventually but: however,
雅思写作中常用英文连接单词的替换词 一、And 并列关系 (and)in addition // and // similarly // likewise moreover // too // not only ... but // even // besides this／that 二、Sequence 顺序(then) 出现的时候表示列举 first // initially // second etc. // to begin with // then // next // earlier／later // following this／that // afterwards 三、Consequence 结果（so） 前面是后面的结果// 也就是这些词后面就开始给出结论了 as a result // thus // so // therefore // consequently // it follows that // thereby // eventually // in that case // admittedly 四、Contrast 转折(but ) 表对前面论述的转折// 一般后面才是作者观点 however // on the other hand // despite// in spite of // though // although // but // on the contrary // otherwise // yet // instead of // rather // whereas // nonetheless // in contrast 五、Certainty 确定(of course) 强烈的确定// 后面是作者的坚定论点 obviously // certainly // plainly // of course // undoubtedly 六、Condition 条件/ 因为(if ) 后面跟随着某种情况发生的前提或者是条件。 if // unless // whether // provided that // Given that // for // so that // whether // depending on 七、Time 时间(when ) before // since // as // until // meanwhile// at the moment // when // whenever // as soon as // just as 八、Summary 总结(in a word) 作者的最后总结 in conclusion // in summary // lastly // finally // to sum up // to conclude // to recapitulate 重述// in short // in a word 九、Example 举例(for example) for example // for instance// just as // in particular // such as // namely 也就是 十、Reason 原因( because) since // as // so // because (of) // due to // owing to // the reason why // in other words // leads to // cause 雅思写作部分高频词汇、短语替换 ★高频形容词： 1.贫穷的：poor = needy = impoverished = poverty-stricken 2.富裕的：rich = wealthy = affluent = well-to-do = well-off
历年大学英语四级完形 填空真题及其-答案-CAL-FENGHAI-(2020YEAR-YICAI)_JINGBIAN
历年大学英语四级完形填空真题及其答案 2006年6月大学英语四级完形填空真题及其答案 第四部分、完形填空Part IV Cloze (15 minutes) The part of the environmental movement that draws my firm's attention is the design of cities. buildings and products. When we designed America's first so-called green office building in New York two decades 71, we felt very alone. But today, thousands of people come to green building conferences, and the 72 that buildings can be good for people and the environment will be increasingly influential in years to 73 . Back in 1984 we discovered that most manufactured products for decoration weren't designed for 74 use. The energy-efficient sealed commercial buildings constructed after the 1970s energy crisis 75 indoor air quality problems caused by materials such as paint, wall covering and carpet. So far 20 years. we've been focusing on these materials 76 to the molecules, looking for ways to make them 77 for people and the planet. Home builders can now use materials-such as paints that release significantly _78_ amounts of organic compounds -that don't 79 the quality of the air, water, or soil. Ultimately. 80_, our basic design strategy is focused not simply on being less bad but on creating 81 healthful materials that can be either safely returned to the soil _82_ reused by industry again and again. As a matter of _83, the world's largest carpet manufacturer has already _ 84__ a carpet that is fully and safely recyclable (可循环用的). Look at it this way: No one __85 out to create a building that destroys the planet. But our current industrial systems are } 86 causing these conditions, whether we like it or not. So 87_ of simply trying to reduce the damage, we are _88_ a positive approach. We're giving people high-quality, healthful products and an opportunity to make choices that have a 89 effect on the world. It's not just the building industry, either. 90_ cities are taking these environmentally positive approaches to design, planning and building. Portland, Seattle and Boston have said they want to be green cities. Chicago wants to be the greenest city in the world. 71. A) ago C) before B) off D) away 72. A) practice C) idea B) outlook D) scheme 73. A) go C) arrive B) come D) continue 74. A) indoor C) relevant B) inward D) flexible 75. A) displayed C) exhibited B) discovered D) revealed 76. A) back C) next B) down D) near 77. A) comfortable C) safe B) cautious D) stable 78. A) reduced C) descended B) revised D) delayed 79. A) deny C) dissolve B) depress D) destroy 80. A) besides C) anyhow B) however D) anyway 81. A)partially C) completely B) exactly D) superficially
英语四六级作文预测（12月5日发布）。附加大学英语四六级考试作文必备佳词替换。 1. 大学生读双学位 1. 现在大学生读双学位的现象很常见 2. 我对这一现象的看法 【范文】 Recently it has become a common phenomenon for college students to have two maj ors at the same time. In thisway, they can get double BA degrees when they graduate fro m the university several years later. Although it may bring unfavorable consequences, we can be sure to conclude that thi s practice is favorable on thewhole. To begin with, most students will become more hard working and efficient in order to finish the learning taskssatisfactorily. Moreover, with tw o degrees at hand after graduation, they will stand a better chance in the job market fullo f fierce competition. In the third place, as for today's university students, tuition and fees are becoming more andmore expensive. If they can make achievements in study at school and find a satisfactory job afterwards, it will not be a big problem. Weighing the pros and cons of such a new trend, we can naturally arrive at the conc lusion that it is beneficial and rewarding. This system not only compels students to work hard, but also prepares them for the coming competition. 【点评】 首段直接点题，说明现象;第二段分述三个优点，其中首句为让步状语从句，意思是“虽然可能带来负面的后果，但总体上是有益的”;第三段呼应第二段，得出结论。 范文首段提出大学生读双学位这一普遍现象;第二段分三点进行论述，其中前两点是优点，即学生会更加勤奋，并且有利于他们在激烈的求职市场中找到工作，最后一点是解释可能带来的学费问题并不严重;第三段下结论，呼应第二段。
高中英语写作指导-《概要写作》 该题型提供一篇350词以内的短文,要求考生基于该短文写出一篇60词左右的内容概要。原文以说明文、议论文为主,概要,基本就是段落大意。每段用一句话概括,或者两段一个大意,最多用两句话概括。 (一)高分要诀 1.概要应包括原文中的主要事实,略去不必要的细节。 这就要求考生在写作时要找关键词和主题句,准确理解、分析原文要点,归纳段落大意。 2.各要点的表达既要相对独立,又要有适当的衔接,要用适当的关联词语贯通全文,切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子,但也不要每两句之间都加关联词语,以免显得生硬。 3.所用句型力求简单,安排好篇幅的比例,概要应同原文保持协调,即用较多的文字写重要内容,用较少的文字写次要内容。 4.不排斥用原文的某些词句,但不要照搬原文的句子,如果不能完全用自己的话语表达,至少对原文句子做一些同义词替换,如果结构上也能有一些转换会更好。
此外,在写作时,要尽量使用短句,慎用长难句。例如,尽量少用关系代词which,who 等引导的定语从句,而采用动词-ing形式和过去分词做定语。 5.多使用概括性词语,少用具体描述性词语。注意要点之间的衔接。 概要写作中的衔接过渡词汇:
列举过渡目的过渡让步过渡承接过渡first of all first second third in the first place initially to start with furthermore in addition moreover what’s more finally with the aim of for the sake of with a view to for the purpose of although it is true...that even though of course certainly admittedly indeed true as soon as as a matter of fact so to speak however as it were day after day year in and year out 举例理由时间总结 as an illustration for instance one example for example just as in particular such as namely to illustrate a case in point take...for since by virtue of so given as a result of because (of) due to in view of on account of owing to the reason why in other words lead to for this reason before since as until meanwhile at the moment when whenever as soon as just as according to all in all to summarize in summary in conclusion as a consequence lastly by and large finally consequently to sum up hence
★形容词： 1. 贫穷的：poor = needy = impoverished = poverty-stricken .) 2. 富裕的：rich = wealthy = affluent = well-to-do = well-off 3. 优秀的：excellent = eminent = top = outstanding 4. 积极的，好的：good = conducive = beneficial=advantageous 5.消极的,不良的：bad = detrimental=evil= baneful =undesirable ＝harmful=inhumane(无人道的) 6. 明显的：obvious = apparent = evident =manifest 7. 健康的: healthy = robust = sound = wholesome 8. 惊人的：surprising = amazing = extraordinary = miraculous 9. 美丽的：beautiful = attractive = gorgeous = eye-catching 10. 有活力的: energetic = dynamic = vigorous =animated 11. 流行的: popular = prevailing = prevalent= pervasive 12. 普遍的: everywhere=widespread=prevalent=overflow=rampant 13. 富有的: rich=wealthy=affluent 14. 贫穷的: poor=impoverished 15. 严重的：serious=severe (严厉的) 16. 便宜的：cheap=economical=inexpensive 17. 重要的：key=crucial=critical=important=significant=vital=substantial= indispensable=imperative 18. 急剧地：dramatically=drastically=sharply=hugely=enormously=steeply =substantially=considerably=significantly=markedly=surprisingly=strikingly=radically= remarkably=vastly=noticeably 19. 平稳地：steadily=smoothly=slightly=slowly=marginally=gradually=moderately= mildly 20. 有益的：useful=helpful=beneficial= profitable= rewarding= advantageous 21. 明显的：clear=obvious= evident= self-evident= manifest= apparent= crystal-clear ； ★动词： 1. 提高，加强：improve = enhance= advance=promote = strengthen = optimize 2. 引起：cause = trigger = endanger 3. 解决：solve =resolve =address = tackle =cope with = deal with=tackle=address(*)=handle 4. 拆除：destroy = tear down = knock down = eradicate 5. 培养: develop = cultivate = foster = nurture=agriculture 6. 激发,鼓励：encourage = motivate = stimulate = spur 7. 认为：think = believe=insist=maintain=conclude=deem=assert= hold = claim = argue =be convinced=be firmly convinced=be fully convinced 8. 完成：complete = fulfill = accomplish= achieve 9. 保留：keep = preserve = retain = hold= conserve 保护资源 10. 有害于,破坏，损害：destroy = impair = undermine = jeopardize= break=damage=hurt=injure=harm=jeopardize=devastate (抽象)