[套卷]上海市吴淞中学2014届高三上学期第二次月考英语试题

虹口区2014年英语学科高考练习题2014.4 考生注意:1. 考试时间120分钟，试卷满分150分。

2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

试卷分为第Ⅰ卷（第1—10页）和第Ⅱ卷（第11页），全卷共11页。

第I卷第1-16小题、第41-77小题为选择题，答题必须涂在答题纸上，第I卷第17-40小题、第78-81小题和第II卷的答案必须写在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

3．答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上，在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。

第I 卷(共103分)I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections：In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. A carpenter. B. A doctor. C. An electrician. D. An editor.2. A. $40. B. $30. C. $20. D. $10.3. A. Confused. B. Sympathetic. C. Embarrassed. D. Uninterested.4. A. Leave right away. B. Stay for dinner. C. Catch a train. D. Have a meeting.5. A. He believes that Jack will sell his house. B. He believes that Jack is joking.C. He disagrees with Jack.D. He believes that Jack will quit his job.6. A. There won’t be enough cups left. B. They’ve got plenty of cups.C. They’re buying what they need.D. They’ve got enough food for the picnic.7. A. Jerry really wants the scholarship. B. No one wants the scholarship.C. Jerry isn’t interested in the scholarship.D. Others like the scholarship more than Jerry.8. A. He did better than expected. B. He failed the maths exam.C. He used to be a top student.D. He answered only 10% of the questions.9. A. He rarely receives letters from home. B. He is expecting a letter from abroad.C. He wrote to his family last month.D. He is anxious to go back home.10. A. He’s afraid to take exams.B. He only took the fourth exam.C. H e isn’t the only one who was graded.D. He didn’t get the highest score on one exam.Section BDirections: In section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Because they usually use their fingers to eat meat.B. Because they can use chopsticks to eat any kind of food except soup.C. Because they can even eat soup with chopsticks.D. Because they are afraid to cut themselves with knives.12. A. Because they cook everything in one whole piece.B. Because they don’t like to use chopsticks.C. Because they need to use knives and forks to cut up meat.D. Because they usually cook meat in small pieces.13. A. The obvious difference in the ways Chinese and Americans eat food.B. Food cultures in China and in the U.S.C. Comparison between chopsticks, knives and forks.D. The ways of using chopsticks, knives and forks.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Because he thought he knew the man.B. Because he wanted to have a look at the newspaper.C. Because the man was reading the article he had written.D. Because the man was reading the newspaper he had edited.15. A. To buy the newspaper.B. To recognize him as the writer.C. To read deeply into the article.D. To turn to the page where the story was continued.16. A. The man was reading. B. The man was talking.C. The man was smiling.D. The man was sleeping.Section CDirections: In section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.What can be the best ways of gaining experience? 22 .Why does the woman raise a dog? Helping to 23 of her work. How does the woman deal with the difficult people? Try to be 24 .II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)One of my most surprising findings as a student is 25 parents do not always accept your adulthood. I was always told that once you get to college, your parents realize that you have been living 26 your own and can make your own decisions. This idea was rejected 27 I came home for Thanksgiving. At first, everything was going as 28 (smoothly) as possible. The first night I went to the Berkeley campus to visit my friend Sara, without any argument from my mother. 29 when I called her to say I had decided to spend the night at Sara’s dorm, my mom informed me that she wanted me home at one a.m. I was wild with anger! I 30 (make) my own decisions how late a young man should stay out for several months. However much I tried to reason with my mother, she insisted things are different when I am home, and that they were the 31 paying my bills. And kids, this is true. No matter how much you want to fight it, mommy and daddy are still holding the purse strings, whether you are 18 or not. Sometimes it is best to sit back, shut up, and do32 they ask.(B)A land free from destruction, plus wealth, natural resources, and labor supply —all these were important factors in helping England to become the center for the Industrial Revolution, but they were not enough. Something else 33 (need) to start the industrial process. That “something special” was men —creative individuals 34 could invent machines, find new sources of power, and establish business organizations to reshape society.The men who created the machines of the Industrial Revolution came from many backgrounds and many occupations. Many of them were more inventors than scientists. A pure scientist appreciates 35 (conduct) his research accurately. He is not necessarily working36 ______ his findings can be used. An inventor or one interested in applied science is usually trying to make something that has a concrete use. He may strive 37 (solve) a problem by using the theories of science or by experimenting through trial and error. Regardless of his method, he is working to obtain 38 specific result: the construction of a harvesting machine, the burning of a light bulb, or one of many other objectives.Many of the people who developed the machines of the Industrial Revolution were inventors, not 39 (train) scientists. A few were both scientists and inventors. Even those who had little or no training in science 40 not have made their inventions if a groundwork had not been laid by scientists years before.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. adaptB. nativesC. identitiesD. cost-savingE. alertF. insteadG. establishedH. practicallyI. routeJ. enrolledK. significantOfficials at Boston Co llege have made what may be a critical decision: they’ve stopped giving out new email accounts to incoming students. The officials realized that the students had already established digital 41 by the time they entered college, so the new email addresses were just not being used, but, 42 , the college will offer forwarding (转发) services.Starting next year, freshman 43 at Boston College won’t be given an actual email account complete with login and inbox, just an email address. This address, in the format of johnsmith@bc. edu will simply forward mail to the student’s already 44 inbox, be it Gmail, Windows Live Mail, Yahoo Mail, AOL, or whatever else they may be using.The college reached a smart decision after first looking into outsourcing（外包）their email to the cloud. While the Boston College decision may have been made for 45 reasons more than anything, we can easily imagine this as being the start of a new trend.Can you even imagine a U.S. college student who didn’t have an email address of their own by the time they were a freshman? It’s 46 unheard of. Today’s students are digital47 immersed (浸润) in technology from the day they were born. It simply doesn’t make sense to give them yet another account to manage when they enter college.By going this 48 , there are still some challenges to overcome, though. For example, a student who changes their email carrier will probably forget to 49 the institution to the change and could then miss out on 50 messages from the university with regard to their courses, scholarship, safety information, etc.In the end, we think the decision Boston College made could easily be the start of a new trend. We’re sure the students like it, too.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Napping for a while at daytime is a very smart and healthy move. The Mayo Clinic says naps51 relaxation, better mood and alertness, and a sharper working 52 . A 2008 British study found that compared to getting more nighttime sleep, a mid-day nap was the best way to53 the mid-afternoon sleepiness.According to the Harvard Health Letter, several studies have shown that people 54 new information better when they take a nap shortly after learning it. And, most 55 , a 2007 study of nearly 24,000 Greek adults in the Archives of Internal Medicine found that people who napped 56 had a 37 percent reduced risk of dying from heart disease compared to people who didn’t nap.Of course, napping isn’t57 for everyone. If you’re suffering from inability to sleep, naps that are too long or taken too late in the day can 58 with your ability to fall or stay asleep at night.But for most, naps can make you feel sharper and happier. Naps provide different benefits59 on how long they are. A 20-minute nap will boost alertness and concentration; a 90-minute snooze（小睡）can 60 creativity.According to , you 61 a natural dip in body temperature between 1 p.m. and 3 p.m. A short nap at this time can boost alertness for several hours and, for most people, shouldn’t 62 being able to fall asleep at night.Pick a dark, cozy place that’s not too warm or to o chilly. 63 napping on the couch instead of in bed, so you’re less64 to snooze for too long.Surprisingly, the best place to take a nap may be a hammock（吊床）if you have one. A Swiss study 65 last year found that people fell asleep faster and had deeper sleep when they napped in a hammock than in a bed. That same rocking motion that puts babies to sleep works wonders for grown-ups, too.51. A. relieve B. promote C. operate D. support52. A. feeling B. frame C. sense D. mind53. A. cope with B. put aside C. talk about D. carry upon54. A. remark B. consider C. remember D. concern55. A. reportedly B. unbelievably C. constantly D. frankly56. A. regularly B. enormously C. heavily D. strongly57. A. exact B. correct C. right D. accurate58. A. connect B. deal C. compete D. interfere59. A. focusing B. depending C. relying D. basing60. A. enlarge B. engage C. enhance D. enroll61. A. explore B. experience C. exercise D. implement62. A. produce B. handle C. affect D. urge63. A. postpones B. discourages C. acknowledges D. recommends64. A. obliged B. tempted C. adopted D. attracted65. A. pronounced B. published C. discovered D. cultivated Section BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Like many other small boys, I was fascinated by cars, especially because my oldest brother was a bit of a car guy and subscribed to cool magazines like Car and Driver and Motor Trend. Every so often, one of those magazines would run an article on the “Car of the Future”. They featured unconventional things like small nuclear reactors as power sources. Yet, frankly, my car doesn’t do anything that my brother’s Studebaker didn’t do. It goes, it stops, it burns gasoline.I still have to steer it, and it still runs into things if I don’t steer it carefully.But guess what? All of these things are likely to change in the not-so-distant future. It may not burn gasoline, I may not have to steer it, and it may be a lot better at not running into things.Airbags aren’t the be-all and end-all in safety. In fact, considering the recent news about people occasionally being killed by their airbags in low-speed crashes, they obviously still needsome development. But they aren’t going away, and in fact, you can expect to see cars appearing with additional, side-impact airbags, something some European car manufacturers already offer.Better than systems to minimize injury in the event of an accident, however, are systems that minimize the likelihood of an accident happening in the first place? Future cars may be able to remove many of the major causes of accidents, including drunk-driving, and tailgating (与前车距离过近). Cars could be equipped with sensors that can detect alcohol in a drive r’s system and prevent the car from being started, for example. As early as next year, you’ll be able to buy cars with radar-equipped control systems. If the radar determines you’re closing too quickly with the car in front, it will ease up on the throttle（油门）.Scientists are now working on a system that can brake, accelerate and steer a vehicle down a highway on its own. Will cars eventually be able to drive themselves?66. The author was fascinated by cars because ________.A. other small boys liked to own a car of their own, tooB. he read untraditional things about cars in hi s brother’s magazinesC. his oldest brother loved to take him to places in his carD. he often booked cool car magazines himself67. By saying “my car doesn’t do anything that my brother’s Studebaker didn’t do”, theauthor means that ________.A. my car is far better than my brother’sB. my car is not as good as my brother’sC. much improvement has been made in the design of cars recentlyD. not much has changed in the performance of cars so far68. Which of the following statements is true of airbags?A. They are going to disappear gradually.B. They are in need of further improvement.C. They are a standard feature of European cars.D. They kill people instead of protecting them in low-speed crashes.69. According to the author, what will future cars do if the sensors detect alcohol in the driver’ssystem?A. They will not start.B. They will ease up on the throttle.C. They will brake automatically.D. They will give a warning in advance.(B)Suppose you work in a big firm and find English very important for your job because you often deal with foreign businessmen. Now you are looking for a place where you can improve your English, especially your spoken English.Here are some advertisements about English language training from newspapers. You may find the information you need.70. You work from 9:00 a. m. to 4:30 p. m. every day. Which school will you choose?A. Global English Center and the International House.B. Global English Center and Modem Language School.C. Modern Language School and the 21st Century.D. The 21st Century and the International House.71. The 21st Century is different from the other three schools in that ________.A. its teaching quality is betterB. it requires an entrance examinationC. its courses are more advancedD. it is nearest to the city center72. You will probably prefer to go to the International House because it ________.A. offers sightseeing and social activities at low pricesB. costs less than the other schoolsC. has a special course in spoken EnglishD. has native English teachers73. If you take the four-month evening program at the International House, you will pay about________.A. 60 yuanB. 240 yuanC. 720 yuanD. 960 yuan(C)Western airliner manufacturers seem to be tripping over (绊倒) themselves in their eagerness to sign cooperative agreements with Asian partners as a low-cost route to developing new airliners. Their potential Asian partners seem to be tripping over themselves to sign such agreements, as a low-cost route to acquiring new airliner technology. If they are not careful the two sides will end up tripping over each other: the one by selling its birth-right for short-term gain, the other by trying to break into a market which isn’t big enough to sustain (忍受) it.Technology transfer works in a growing market, where the aspirations of the new entrant receiving that technology can be met through expansion. The airliner market is not such a device.Even the most optimistic projections of airliner sales for the next 20 years show that airliner manufacture can only be profitable if a small number of aircraft builders share the available sales. It follows that if new manufacturers come into the market and take sales, their sales must come from substitution, not expansion.Given the complexity of today’s airliners, it is unlikely that any new entrant will have both the financial and technical resources to come into the market without the involvement of an established manufacturer. In the short term, such involvement may not be to the exclusive benefit of the new entrant: most of the established manufacturers are searching for ways to reduce costs of manufacture.In the short term, it can be of benefit to an established Western manufacturer to have either components of complete air–frames made or assembled in lower-wage economics such as China, Taiwan or Korea, while retaining the design, development and marketing of aircraft for itself. It would be a very unwise Western manufacturer which did not notice the fact that these developing economies are acquiring skills (like computing) at least as quickly as they are acquiring skills in metal bashing (猛击).The danger comes when the new entrant no longer needs the established Western partner because it has acquired the technical and intellectual ability to design and build its own aircraft. An Asian partner may well find itself in the happy position of having the low-cost labour base, the high-cost technology base and the vital financial base to build a new airliner.74. The author’s attitude towards Western/Eastern cooperation can be described as ________.A. positiveB. progressiveC. conservativeD. negative75. “The airliner market is not such a device” means that the airliner market ________.A. does not encourage technology transferB. is too limited to offer chances of successC. requires hi-tech rather than unaccepted devicesD. is full of competitions for new entrants76. According to the author, a wise established manufacturer should ________.A. try to benefit from both financial and technical resourcesB. break up his partnership with the East once profits are madeC. keep a tight told over hi-tech development and marketing of airlinersD. cooperate with Asian partners for a short time77. The word “base” in the last paragraph represents ________.A. a place for aircraft productionB. the operation of aircraftC. a research instituteD. a position where to build officeSection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.“There is a senseless concept that children grow up and leave home when they are 18, and the truth is far from that,” says sociologist Larry Bumpass of the University of Wisconsin. Today, unexpected numbers of young adults are living with their parents.Analysts raised a variety of reasons for this return to the nest. One important reason is that the marriage age is rising, a condition that makes home and its pleasantness particularly attractive to young people, which is second to skyrocketing housing costs to which young people find their wings attached. Besides, a high divorce rate and a declining remarriage rate are sending economically pressed and emotionally hurt survivors back to parental shelters. For some, the expense of an away-from-home college education has become so great that many students now attend local schools.Living at home, says Knighton, a school teacher, continues to give her security and moralsupport. Her mother agreed, “It is ridiculous for the kids to pa y all that money for rent. It makes sense for kids to stay at home.” But sharing the family home requires adjustments for all. There are the quarrels over bathrooms, telephones and privacy. Some families, however, manage the delicate balancing act. But for others, it proves too difficult. Michelle Del Turco, 24, has been home three times —and left three times. “What I considered a social drink, my dad considered an alcohol problem,” she explains. “He never liked anyone I dated, so I either had to hide away to meet them at friends’ houses.”It is really hard to say how long adult children should live with their parents before moving on. Nevertheless, it is commonly recognized that lengthy homecomings are a mistake and they accidentally destroy the advantage of brief visits that will strengthen the relationship between parents and children. Children, struggling to establish separate identities, can end up with “a sense of inadequacy, defeat and failure.” And aging paren ts, who should be enjoying some financial and personal freedom, find themselves stuck with responsibilities, which is definitely a stress for them.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN EIGHT WORDS.)78. What’s the most important reason for young adults’ returning to the nest?79. Knighton enjoys living at home due to ________.80. What has resulted in the Michelle Del Turco’s unhappy experience with her dad?81. From the passage, we can conclude it is ________ that benefit(s) both adult children and theirparents to avoid lengthy homecomings.第II 卷(共47分)I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 他们的建议听起来和我们的同样可行。

2024-2025学年上海市吴淞中学高三上学期期中考试英语试题Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fit s each blank.An excerpt from A Walk in the WoodsNow here’s a thing to consider. Every twenty minutes on the Appalachian Trail, Katz and I walked 1 (far) than the average American walks in a week. For 93 percent of all trips outside the home, Americans now get in a car. On average the total walking of an American these days 2 (add) up to 1.4 miles a week, barely 350 yards a day. That’s ridiculou s.When my family and I moved to the States, one of the things we wanted was to live in a traditional small town — the sort of place 3 Jımmy Stewart would be the mayor, the Hardy Boys would deliver your groceries, and Deanna Durbin would sing at an open window. Perfect little towns are not easy 4 (find), of course, but Hanover, where we settled, comes close. It is a small typical New England college town, pleasant and calm, full of old trees. It has a broad green, an old-fashioned Main Street, a handsome campus and leafy residential streets. Nearly everyone in town is 5 an easy walk of the post office, library, and stores.But things are different here: hardly 6 , as far as I can tell, walks anywhere for anything. I know a man who drives 600 yards to work. I know a woman who gets in her car to go a quarter of a mile to a college gymnasium to walk on a treadmill (跑步机), and then complains passionately about the difficulty she has 7 (spot) a parking space. When I asked her once 8 she didn’t walk to th e gym and do five minutes less on the treadmill, she looked at me as if I were being deliberately provocative (挑衅的). “Because I have a program for the treadmill,” she explained. “It records my distance and speed, and I 9 adjust it for degree of difficult y.” It hadn’t occurred to me how thoughtlessly deficient nature is in this regard. At least in Hanover she could walk if she wanted to. In many places in America now, it is not actually possible to be a pedestrian, 10 you want to be.Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. establishedB. dotC. infectionD. exceededE. emergingF. exposedG. drainage H. overlook I. sinking J. stem K. accessThe Mega-City EnvironmentMega-cities suffer from a catalog of environmental ills. A World Health Organization (WHO)/ United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) study found that seven of the cities — Mexico City, Beijing, Cairo, Jakarta, Los Angeles, Sao Paulo and Moscow — had three or more pollutants that 11 the WHO health protection guidelines. All 20 of the cities studied by WHO/UNEP had at least one major pollutant that went beyond 12 size health limits.According to the World Resources Institute, “Millions of children living in the world’s largest cities, particularly in developing countries, are 13 to life-threatening air pollution two to eight times above the maximum based on WHO guidelines. Indeed, more than 80 percent of all deaths in developing countries attributable to the air pollution-induced lung 14 are among children under five.” In the big Asian mega-cities such as New Delhi, Beijing and Jakarta, approximately 20 to 30 percent of all respiratory diseases 15 from air pollution.Almost all of the mega cities face major fresh water challenges. Johannesburg, South Africa, is forced to draw water from highlands 370 miles away. In Bangkok, saltwater is invading aquifers (地下蓄水层). Mexico City has a serious 16 problem because of excessive groundwater withdrawal.More than a billion people, 20 percent of the world’s population, live without regular 17 to clean running water. While poor people are forced to pay high fees for private water, many cities squander (挥霍) their resources through leakages and illegal 18 . “With the population of cities expected to increase to five billion by 2025,” says Klaus Toepfer, executive director of the UNEP, “the urban demand for water is set to increase rapidly. This means that any solution to the water crisis is closely linked to the governance of cities.”Mega-city residents, crowded into unsanitary slums, are also subject to serious disease outbreaks. Lima, Peru (with population estimated at 9.4 million by 2015) suffered a cholera outbreak in the late 1990s partly because, as the New York Times reported, “rural people new to Lima… live in houses without running water and use the outhouses (屋外厕所) that 19 the hillsides above.”It’s worth looking at some of these 20 mega-cities in detail, because daily life there is likely to be the pattern for a majority of the world’s population. Most are already experiencing sever e environmental problems that will only be worsened by rapid population increases.How Do You Know You’re Not in the Matrix?At the heart of the philosophy of Aristotle and St Thomas Aquinas is the idea that we come into contact with reality through the senses. But what if our senses are not a(n) ______ source? Perhaps our senses are deceiving us, and everything we perceive isn’t real but is an illusion like in the movie The Matrix.This ______ of sense knowledge was part of Rene Descartes’s methodic doubt, which many radical (激进的) skeptics have adopted. Descartes argued: whatever I have up till now accepted as most true I have acquired either from the senses or through the senses. But I have found that the senses may deceive me ______, and it is sensible never to trust completely those who have deceived us even once. And one example Descartes gives as evidence is the fact that objects at a distance look smaller than what they are.But this is not deception. The sense of sight is reporting ______ what it perceives. As D.Q. McInerny says, “This is the sense of sight functioning just as it should, in order to give me a proper knowledge of ______”. Only when one made the judgement that “the man is small and then becomes big” would ______ come in. Truth and falsi ty do not ______ sensory perception but the fact of judging that perception.Another ______ with Descartes’s reason for doubting sensory perception is that he relies on only one sensory power. It’s often the case that in order to test whether one sense is deceiving us, we must ______ another sense.To use an example that many radical skeptics do to justify their doubt of sense knowledge. I may perceive the stick ______ immersed in water as crooked (弯曲). How do I determine whether what I perceive is actually the case? I pick up the stick. When I do so, I judge the stick is actually ______. But in order to make a correct judgment about the stick, I use another sensory power—namely,______ —that I must trust in order to make the proper judgment.With regard to Descartes’s example, in order to make a sound judgment about the ______ of the man walking up the street, Descartes would have to make contact with him through the sense of touch and measure him, which requires trust in sense knowledge.Furthermore, Descar tes’s recognition of the man’s small stature (身高) as ______ presupposes his trust in his previous sensory experience of the man’s tall stature. As Ralph McInerny notes, “Descartes must trust his senses in order to challenge them.”So, if it’s reasonable to trust sense knowledge, and the senses put us into contact with the ______ world, then we can have greater certainty that what we perceive is objectively real.21.A．external B．primary C．reliable D．alternative 22.A．disbelief B．application C．branch D．command 23.A．in no case B．out of nowhere C．by all means D．now and then 24.A．accurately B．independently C．accidentally D．randomly 25.A．philosophy B．distance C．nature D．life26.A．analysis B．error C．change D．reflection 27.A．lead to B．serve as C．identify with D．lie in28.A．problem B．consideration C．advantage D．perspective 29.A．abandon B．regain C．sharpen D．employ30.A．barely B．wrongly C．partially D．completely 31.A．hollow B．straight C．thick D．bent32.A．smell B．sight C．touch D．taste33.A．size B．status C．age D．weight34.A．scientific B．unusual C．reasonable D．horrifying35.A．imaginary B．private C．contemporary D．outsideAbout a quarter of the world drives on the left, and the countries that do are mostly old British colonies like Australia, and Ireland. But Thailand, Indonesia and Japan have also developed this habit.This strange quirk (奇事) puzzles the rest of the world; however, there is a perfectly good reason. Up to the late 1700s, everybody travelled on the left side of t he road because it’s the sensible option for violent, feudal (封建的) societies of mostly right-handed people. Soldiers with their swords under their right arms naturally passed on each other’s right. and if you passed a stranger on the road you walked on the left to ensure that your protective sword arm was between you and him.Revolutionary France, however, overturned this practice as part of its sweeping social rethink and thanks to Napoleon this change was carried out all over continental Europe. Because he was left handed, his armies had to march on the right so he could keep his sword arm between him and any opponent. From then on, any country colonised by the French took to driving on the right.After the American Revolutionary War (1775-1783), the US became independent and decided to make traffic drive on the right in order to cut all remaining links to its British colonial past. Once America became the centre of the car industry, if you wanted a good reliable vehicle, you bought American right-hand-drive. From then on many countries changed out of necessity.Today, the EU would like Britain to fall into line with the rest of Europe, but this is no longer-passible. It would cost billions of pounds to change everything round. The last European country to convert to driving on the right was Sweden in 1967. This ironically caused a reduction in car accidents, because everyone drove carefully, while getting used to the new system.36. Why did people travel on the left before the late 18th century?A．They were required to do so. B．They were mostly left-handed.C．It was easier to cross the street. D．They could feel safer from attacks.37. What was Napoleon’s attitude about walking on the left?A．Support. B．Disapproval. C．Doubt. D．Sympathy.38. For Americans, driving on the right was a way to show ________.A．the connection with France was broken B．the US was no longer ruled by the UKC．the American Revolution War had ended D．America was the centre of the carindustry39. What is the main reason why UK will not adopt the European system?A．It would cost too much to change. B．Its increasing traffic accidents.C．Its influence on colonies. D．Its fast-developing car industry.Welcome to Lake Toba!Lake Toba is an extraordinary natural wonder of the world. This enormous lake consists of an island almost the size of Singapore In its center. It is the largest lake in Southeast Asia and one of the deepest lakes in the world.A Comforting EscapadeToba is a place to sit back, relax and absorb some beautiful scenery. As you sit and take in the view of the picturesque mountains that set against the cool clear lake, you will feel the worries of the world melt away.How to Get There●By AirMedan is an international gateway. A number of airlines fly daily between the Kualanamu Airport Medan and all major cities in Indonesia and international flights also go from Medan to Malaysia, Singapore, and Thailand.●By LandParapat, the town by Lake Toba, is 176 km away from Medan and can be reached in under 6 hours by public buses.Travel agents in. Medan can also organize a rental car plus a chauffeur (司机) for you. If you are coming from the south via Bukittinggi and Tarutung, there is a public bus available.●By WaterOnce you arrive in Parapat, you can catch the ferry to Samosir Island. The two landing points on Samosir are the traditional village of Tomok, or Tuk Tuk, where the island’s hotels and restaurants are concentrated.AttractionThere are many ways for you to enjoy Lake Toba’s breathtaking natural wonders. Many people sa id that kayaking in Lake Toba is a once-in-a-lifetime experience. Commonly, there are three routes that you can explore by paddling the kayak, which is Tongging-Sialahi (Easy), Tongging-Samosir (Medium), and Northern Circle (Demanding). You can also savor the cool breeze from around the lake by glamping (glamorous camping) on The Kaldera Nomadic Escape, burying yourself in nature without having to. bother with the common hassles (麻烦) of conventional camping. Moreover, you can also be pampered (精心护理) with its facilities such as Bohemian-style tents.Lake Toba is also home to two ethnic groups of Tomok and Simanindo. Located on the island of Samosir, the traditional village is protected by surrounding barriers of earthen ramparts (城墙) with bamboo fencing and trees. The village is also home to many unique and authentic traditional-houses, especially from Tomok, which consists of a row of massive wooden houses with impressive saddle-shaped straw roofs.Those of you who are looking for souvenirs might want to take a look at Ulos, a handmade textile which not only serves as clothing, but also is a significant status symbol.40. You can get to Parapat by ________ from Medan.A．catching a ferry B．renting a car C．taking thesubwayD．taking a plane41. Peter is an athlete who enjoys challenging himself. Which paddling route would you recommend him to take?A．Northern Circle. B．Tongging-Samosir. C．Tongging-Silalahi.D．Tomok-Tongging.42. Which of the following statements is true?A．Lake Toba, about the size of Singapore, is the largest village in the in Southeast Asia.B．Ulos is the place you, should go to if you want to buy souvenirs.C．Camping on the Kaldera Nomadic Escape, you will find some Bohemian-style tents.D．There are many unique and traditional houses with bamboo roofs on Samosir.Most managers can identify the major trends of the day. But in the course of conducting research in a number of industries and working directly with companies, we have discovered that managers often fail to recognize the less obvious but profound ways these trends are influencing consumers’ aspirations, attitudes, and behaviors. This is especially true of trends that managers view as peripheral to their core markets. Experts from Harvard Business School give some advice to managers.One strategy, known as ‘infuse and augment’, is to design a product or service that keeps most of the attributes and functions of existing products in the category but adds others that address the needs and desires unleashed by a major trend. A case in point is the Poppy range of handbags, which the firm Coach created in response to the economic downturn of 2008. The Coach brand had been a symbol of wealth and luxury for nearly 70 years, and the most obvious reaction to the downturn would have been t o lower prices. However, that would have risked cheapening the brand’s image. Instead, they initiated a consumer-research project which revealed that customers were eager to lift themselves and the country out of tough times. Using these insights, Coach launched the lower-priced Poppy handbags, which were in bright colors, and looked more youthful and playful than conventional Coach products. Creating the sub-brand allowed Coach to avoid an across-the-board price cut. In contrast to the many companies that responded to the recession by cutting prices, Coach saw the new consumer mindset as an opportunity for innovation and renewal.A more radical strategy is ‘combine and transcend’. This involves combining aspects of the product’s existing value proposition w ith attributes addressing changes arising from a trend, to create a novel experience - one that may land the company in an entirely new market space. At first glance, spending resources to incorporate elements of a seemingly irrelevant trend into one’s cor e offerings sounds like it’s hardly worthwhile. But consider Nike’s move to integrate the digital revolution into its reputation for high-performance athletic footwear. In 2006, they teamed up with technology company Apple to launch Nike+, a digital sports kit comprising a sensor that attaches to the running shoe and a wireless receiver that connects to the user’s iPod. By combining Nike’s original value proposition for amateur athletes with one for digital consumers, the Nike+ sports kit and web interface moved the company from a focus on athletic apparel to a new plane of engagement with its customers.Once you have gained perspective on how trend-related changes in consumer opinions and behaviors impact on your category, you can determine which of our innovation strategies to pursue. Trends -- technological, economic, environmental, social, or political — that affect how people perceive the world around them and shape what they expect from products and services present firms with unique opportunities for growth.43. The underlined word “peripheral” in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to __________.A．marginal B．important C．subject D．relevant44. According to the second paragraph, Coach was anxious to ________.A．follow what some of its competitors were doingB．maintain its prices throughout its rangeC．safeguard its reputation as a manufacturer of luxury goodsD．modify the entire look of its brand to suit the economic climate45. What does the writer suggest about Nike’s strategy?A．It was an extremely risky strategy at the time.B．it was a strategy that only a major company could afford to follow.C．It was the type of strategy that would not have been possible in the past.D．It was the kind of strategy that might appear to have few obvious benefits.46. The best title for the passage is probably ______.A．Knowing more about your customers B．Making the most of trendsC．Eyes on strategies D．Following the adviceHave We Reached Peak Fish?Seafood is a vital source of protein for more than 3.3 billion people. The UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) projects the need for a 15% increase in global fish consumption by 2030; itsdirector-general, QU Dongyu, calls the growth of fisheries and aquaculture (水产养殖) “vital in our efforts to end g lobal hunger and malnutrition”.There’s one big problem: the growth rate of the global wild-fish catch peaked in 1963 and stabilized in the 1990s. 47 When it comes to the wild-fish catch, we are most likely past “peak fish”.48 An assessment of 1,439 wild-fish populations found that 10% are on the brink of collapse. Another 45% are overfished and there isn’t enough information about the rest to know if the current fishing levels are sustainable. Over the past 50 years, the world has witnessed a massive decline in the health of its fisheries. Quite simply, we are removing fish from the ocean at a far greater rate than they can naturally replenish (补充).There are several reasons why ocean life faces such a serious health crisis, including marine pollution, especially hundreds of millions of tons of plastics; global heating affecting water temperature; and emissions of CO2 making the oceans 26% more acidic. 49So is aquaculture the solution to the potential seafood shortage?As it turns out, this answer is no. Aquaculture’s growth rate has been in decline since 1996. While the industry did experience rapid growth decades ago, its five-year moving average annual growth rate peaked at 14.1% in 1996 and is now at about 2%, according to a new study in Frontiers in Marine Science. 50 There are constraints (限制) on good places to site fish farms, a lack of high-quality water, struggles with cost and availability of food for the farmed species, disease and pest pressure, and the impact of the climate crisis and resulting weather variability.Heighten Your Appreciation of MusicMusic is such a fundamental part of human culture that it likely pre-dates literacy, the invention of the wheel, and even the musical note itself. While people generally know what kind of music they like —and what they don’t —it’s possible to expand your appreciation by learning new ways to listen. Here are some tips for cultivating sensitive awareness of musical elements.You might feel frightened picking up a guitar or sitting down at a piano — but learning an instrument can help you better understand how a song comes together and what role a specific type of sound plays in the composition. Moreover, the movement and effort of a live performance can often focus your attention on parts of a song you may have otherwise missed. So, the next time youhear a song — particularly a classical arrangement — try to imagine it being performed. Or, try to picture a scene (a thunderstorm, a race) that best fits the mood and tempo of the piece.It’s certainly not necessary to grab your favorite musician’s biography in order to appreciate a good ditty, but it may help you better understand the context in which he or she wrote the lyrics or recorded a track. Researching backgrounds can also lead you to discover social and political influences at the time the music was created.It could be hard to appreciate a warm day unless you’ve spent a winter freezing. Likewise, listening to music requires a contrast that helps you better understand how organized and harmonious it can be. Listen to —don’t just hear — common, everyday noises. While some may be irritating, others may have a melody all their own. Either way, you’ll return to a piece of music with a new respect for a focused, deliberate bit ofsound.___________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ _____52. 我习惯睡前一边听点轻音乐一边写日记。

高中英语真题:2014届高三英语上学期第二次联考试题本试卷分四部分。

满分150分。

考试时间120分钟。

第一部分：听力 (共两节，满分30分)第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

1．What are they talking about?A．The radio. B．The weather.C．The weekend.2．How does the man prefer to go to work?A．Driving. B．Taking a bus. C．Walking.3．Where did the conversation possibly take place?A．In a bedroom. B．In a living room.C．In a bathroom.4．To whom is the woman speaking?A．Her boss. B．Her husband.C．A policeman.5．What does the man mean?A．Only one seat was empty.B．One of the students was absent from the lecture. C．The lecture was so interesting that the lecture-room was full of people.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。

上海市宝山区吴淞中学高三英语上学期第二次月考试题牛津上海版I. Listening Comprehension (30分)Part A Short ConversationsDirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. This afternoon B. Tomorrow C. Next month D. Next week2. A. Tidy up the place B. Get more food and drinksC. Hold a partyD. Ask his friend to come over3. A. Call a repairman B. Get out the paper stuckC. Turn to her colleague for helpD. Restart the machine4. A. She is sorry the man will not come. B. She will ask David to talk less.C. She has to invite David to the party.D. She will meet the man halfway.5. A. 25 minutes B. 15 minutes C. 20 minutes D. 30 minutes6. A. Relieved B. Worried C. Confused D. Depressed7. A. By bus B. By underground C. On foot D. By bicycle8. A. She will drive the man to the supermarket.B. The man needn’t go shopping every week.C. The man should buy a car of his own.D. She can pick the man up at the grocery.9. A. The first-round talks should start as soon as possible.B. He should change his schedule to meet John Smith.C. The talks can be held any day except this Friday.D. The woman should contact John Smith first.10. A. He lost his way. B. He received a traffic ticket.C. He worked very carefully.D. He drove in heavy traffic.Part B PassagesDirections: In Part B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. .When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. One B. Two C. Three D. Four12. A. Auditory learners B. Hands-on learnersC.Self-teaching learners D. Visual learners13. A. One should find his or her own learning style.B. Make full preparations for the lessons to be taught.C. Use a tape recorder instead of taking detailed notes.D. Organize notes with charts and pictures.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. To inform parents and schools B. To pick out good studentsC. To compare teachersD. To expose poor schools15. A. They have no trust in doctors. B. They can’t afford the medical fee.C. They fear things like injections.D. They doubt the medical treatment.16. A. Teachers’ difficult life B. Harm of divorce to familiesC. Ways to become loveable kidsD. Kids’ attention-seeking behaviourPart C Longer ConversationsDirections: In Part C, you will hear two longer conversations. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.II. Reading Section A (16分)Directions: Read the following two passages. Fill in each blank with one proper word or the proper form of the given word to make the passage coherent. Make sure that your answers are grammatically correct.AWhen I was 8 years old, I once decided to run away from home. With my suitcase (25) ____________ (pack) and some sandwiches in a bag, I started for the front door and said to Mom, “I’m leaving.”“If you want to run away, that’s all right,” she said. “But you came into this home without anything and you can leave the same way.” I threw sandwiches in my suitcase on the floor heavily and started for the door again.“Wait a minute,” Mom said. “I want your clothes back. You didn’t wear anything when you (26) ________ (bear).” This really ang ered me. I tore my clothes off—shoes, socks, underwear and all—and shouted, “Can I go now?” “Yes,” Mom answered, “but(27) ______ ______ you close that door, don’t expect to come back.”I was so angry(28) ____________ I slammed (砰地关上) the door and stepped out on the front porch (走廊). Suddenly I realized that I was outside, with (29) ____________ on. Then I noticed that down the street, two neighbor girls were walking nearer. I (30) ____________ run to hide behind a big tree in our yard at once. After a while, I was sure the girls had passed by. I dashed to the front door and banged (砰地关上) on it loudly.“Who’s there?” I heard.“It’s Billy! Let me in!”The voice behind the door answered, “Billy doesn’t live here anymore. He ran away from home.” Glancing behi nd me to see if anyone else was coming, I begged, “Aw, Mom! I’m still your son. Let me in!”The door inched open and revealed Mom’s (31) ____________ (smile) face. “Did you change your decision about running away?” she asked.“What’s (32) ____________ supp er?” I answered.BTo celebrate the end of our exams, my friends and I went to a fast food restaurant. We ordered hamburgers and Coca Cola at the counter. When our food came, I started walking towards (33)____________ empty table. By bad luck, my purse strap (带子) (34)____________(catch) on a chair and the tray I was holding slipped from my hands and went flying in the air. The tray, and its contents, fell on a man (35)____________ was just about (36)____________(take) a bite of his sandwich. I stared, greatly shocked, (37)____________ the drinks soaked (浸湿) his white shirt.Then I closed my eyes and prepared myself for his burst of anger. Instead, he said “It’s OK” to comfort me (38)____________ he disappeared into the washroom.Still shaky and unsure (39)____________ to do next, my friends and I went to a table and sat there, trying our best to look calm, A moment later, the man came out of the washroom and approached our table. My heart almost stopped beating, I thought he w as going to ask for my father’s number and call him.To my surprise, he merely smiled at us, handed us some cash and said, “Buy yourself new hamburgers.” He then walked away without even finishing his food.He could have made what was already an uncomfortable situation (40)____________ (bad), but he chose a different way and gave us a reason to believe that there is still kindness in his world, I’ll never forget his actions.Section B (10分)Directions: Complete the passage with the words in the box.. Each word can only beI can see myself again in the garden of the large house in Cornwell. And when I smella 41type of oil, I am back again on the island. Or it’s the smell of jasmine which 42me of the days when I stayed with my grandmother and had the flower all around the house.Smell produces 43 , but it’s the most difficult to remember. This is because only a small area of the 44is used in smell. Most people, however, can 45at least 4,000 different smells, and women usually have a better46 of smell than men.It seems that our idea of what smells are pleasant or unpleasant is something that we learn at about the age of three or four. It is not something we are 47 with. How do we know that some smells, like the smell of burning, mean 48 ?Flowers such as jasmine and roses are one thing, but what about the smell of people？Each has a 49smell. A one-month-old baby can recognize its mother by smell. 50shaking hands when meeting each other, people in many parts of the world kiss the face or the hands, probably for smell.III. Reading ComprehensionSection A (15分)Louis Chan is not dead. The 83-year-old writer, who uses the pen name Jin Yong, was having a quiet dinner at home when a 51called him up. The reporter was trying to confirm the news 52on a microblog that the 53 writer of martial arts fiction had died. Mr. Cha was happy to inform the reporter that, like Mark Twain, the reports of his 54 were exaggerated. After the call, Mr. Cha went back to his dinner and the reporter, supposedly, went back to his microblogging site to look for more “news”.Microblogging is 55 popular in China and around the world. This social networking platform keeps millions of “friends” 56each other on a minute-to-minute basis. The short messages 57 information of a person’s thoughts and activities throughout the day. It’s a fun way to keep connected with your f riends. It’s also a good way to pass on information about the 58trends and news. But microblogging does have its 59_.Some people are becoming microblog zombies. The amount of information on these short-message sites is 60. Some people spend hours 61 the routine activities of their “friends” to the point where their own lives are 62. The only thing real in their lives becomes the mobile phone in their hands which they stare at all the time.There is also an element of danger in microblogging. Telling people where you are and what you are doing has 63cases of stalking(跟踪) and bullying. And then there is the danger that a comment you make can be 64. Zhou Libo, the popularShanghai comedian, became an overnight villain when his post about the Jiaozhou Road apartment fire was considered insensitive.The stories of Mr. Cha and Mr. Zhou are lessons that some common sense should be used when m icroblogging: be careful what you say and don’t65 everything you read.51. A. relative B. reporter C. professor D. die-hard fan52. A. reminded B. supported C. opposed D. posted53. A. respectable B. infamous C. respectful D. amateur54. A. fame B. success C. death D. failure55. A. enormously B. hardly C. hopelessly D. comparatively56. A. touch up B. touch off C. in touch with D. out of touch with57. A. purchase B. provide C. preserve D. propose58. A. mysterious B. synthetic C. urgent D. latest59. A. drawbacks B. advantages C. strength D. merits60.A. overbearing B. overtaken C. overcharged D. overwhelming61.A. listening to B. following C. glancing at D. acting62.A. neglected B. killed C. promoted D. improved63.A. resulted from B. made the most ofC. took inD. led to64.A. misleading B. miscalculated C. misunderstood D. misdirecting65.A. impress B. believe C. overlook D. recordDirections: For each blank in the following passages there are four words andphrases marked A,B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that bestfits the context.Section B (2X12=24)(A)It’s no secret that most busy American mothers use the TV set as a live-in babysitter. In some households the tube holds a child’s attention for the odd half hour or two while mom works on dinner; in others it is the child’s constant daytime companion. Is there any harm in this?Debate continues violently over the question, and at intervals research is published showing that TV reduces attention span (范围), makes children jumpy or leads them to violence. In today’scartoon, David Horsey makes fun of theclaims of “children’s TV”, thespecial programming that supposedlyuses entertainment to help youngstersto learn to read and take their firststeps in the big, varied world outsidetheir family. What do children reallyget from this programming?Horsey’s suspecting is thatchildren’s programming chiefly turns kids into TV addicts, not into readers or happy mixers. The toddler(初学走路的孩子) in the cartoon, still at the age of pacifiers （橡皮奶嘴）and stuffed animals, is held spellbound(入迷) by the figure on the screen. What is the stimulating message of this creature specifically designed to fascinate small children? “Can you say TV?” Th e sooner the kid learns the word, the more effectively he can remind his mother to turn on the TV.A child hooked on TV is a viewer open to commercial messages, and there are plenty of those targeting children of all ages. Thus, at the very least, mom’s se arch for peace and quiet sets the stage for her child’s transformation（变化）into an American consumer —and, of course, soaks up time that could be used for other, perhaps more desirable, transformations.66. What does the underlined phrase “soaks up” in Par agraph 4 mean?A. takes inB. gets inC. sets upD. uses up67. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT the influence on childrenbrought by TV?A. Paying less attention to other messages.B. Being close to violence.C. Gaining practical knowledge.D. Forming consuming awareness.68. What information can we get from David Horsey’s cartoon?A. Children’s TV programs can teach children how to pronounce some words effectively.B. Little children are addicted to Children’s TV programs which are actuallynot instructional.C. American parents depend too much on TV to help educate their children.D. These children’s TV programs can make toddlers quiet and spare time for momsto work.69. Which word can best describe the writer’s tone to parents’ us ing TV to search for peace?A. Positive.B. Appreciated.C. Supportive.D. Concerned.(B)A brand is a name, word, sign, symbol, design, or a combination of these, intended to identify the goods or services of a company or a group of companies. Another purpose of a brand is to contrast one company from another. The most important skill of professional marketers is the ability to create, maintain, protect, and enhance the brands of their products and services. Branding has become so important that today hardly any company or product is without one. Therefore, brand management is an increasingly important element in marketing.Brand power refers to the relative strength of a company’s brand in the minds of consumers, and can influence consumers’ choice o f products. Brands are powerful to the extent that they give high brand loyalty and strong brand associations, name recognition, perceived quality and other assets to a company. A strong brand can be one of a company’s most important assets.High brand power provides a company with many competitive advantages. Apowerful brand enjoys a high level of consumer brand awareness and loyalty. Because consumers expect stores to carry the brand, the company has more bargaining power when negotiating with retailers (零售商). And because the brand name brings high credibility, a company with a strong brand can more easily launch new products with the same brand name.Many companies use the advantage of a strong brand power strategically to expand their business. When a company introduces an additional item with a new flavour, form, colour or package size in a given product category and under the same brand name, it is called a line extension. Another strategy is called brand extension. This involves the use of a successful brand name to launch new or modified products in a new category, thereby employing brand recognition in order to increase sales of new products.Brand recognition is certainly important. Because consumers often hold long-standing perceptions about brands, high brand power ensure a company continued sales of its products.70. What does the word “assets” in the 2nd paragraph mean?A. pointsB. advantagesC. aspectsD. elements71. All of the following statements are the advantages of a high brand power EXCEPTthat______.A. a high brand wins the loyalty of consumersB. a high brand usually sets a much higher priceC. it’s easy for a high brand company to launch new productsD. a high brand company is more competitive when doing business with retailers72. A brand extension ______.A. happens when the company is developing a new productB. means the expansion of a company’s business in its established fieldC. takes place when the company introduces a similar item but with a new colourD. refers to the use of an established brand name to promote a new product in a newcategory73. What might be the best title of this passage?A. Brand PowerB. Famous BrandsC. Company BrandsD. Brand Products(C)Petroleum, consisting of crude oil（原油） and natural gas, seems to originate from organic matter in marine sediment（海洋沉淀物）.Tiny organisms settle to the seafloor and gather in marine mud. The organic matter may partially break down, using up the dissolved oxygen in the sediment. As soon as the oxygen is gone, decay stops and the remaining organic matter is preserved.Continued sedimentation buries the organic matter and subjects it to higher temperatures and pressures, which change the organic matter to oil and gas. As muddy sediments are pressed together, the gas and small drops of oil may be squeezed out of the mud and may move into sandy layers nearby. Over millions of years,。

1．考试时间120分钟。

试卷满分150分。

2．本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

选择题1--30涂在答题卡上，选择题31—35和非选择题写在答题纸上。

一、选择题（共75分）以下每小题2分，共60分。

每题只有一个正确选项。

1．以下图片所反映的文明，出现最晚的是：A B C D2.下列希腊文化成就中，不属于古典时代的是：A希罗多德的《历史》B荷马的史诗C柏拉图的《理想国》D雅典的帕特农神庙3.从罗马帝国建立到东罗马帝国灭亡，其时间跨度是：A约500年B约1000年C近1300年D近1500年4.黑格尔《历史哲学》中说：“……平凡的土地，平凡的平原把人类束缚在土壤上，把他卷入无穷的依赖性里边，但是大海却挟着人类超越了那些思想和行动的有限的圈子。

”从古希腊看，下列不能反映“大海却挟着人类超越了那些思想和行动的有限的圈子”的成果的是A．不断发展的民主制度B．强调人的价值、人的决定作用C．高度发达的商业文明D．小国寡民的城邦制度5. 古代雅典城邦平民能在反对贵族的斗争中逐渐取得胜利，最重要的社会因素是A.平民开展暴力斗争B.代表平民利益的领袖不断改革C.平民中不再有债奴D.平民中新兴工商业者力量壮大6.中世纪是黑暗的，但也有光亮。

其中，“光亮”之处有：①基督教神学统治②城市的自治③大学的兴起④等级君主制A ①②③B ②③④C ②③D ③④7.罗马法是欧洲历史上第一种比较系统完整的法律体系，它经历了一个不同寻常的发展历程。

阅读右图，对此理解正确的是①习惯法不属于成文法②《十二铜表法》在一定程度上维护了平民利益③公民法是罗马法的成熟阶段④罗马法是古罗马帝国时期法律的总称A．①②③④B．①③C．①②④D．①②8.《左传》记载，晋国赵鞅率军与郑国交战于铁，临战发表誓词：“克敌者，上大夫受县，下大夫受郡，士田十万。

”这反映出当时晋国A．分封制度受到冲击B．郡县制度全面推行C．宗法等级秩序变动D．国家政权趋向松散9．“孔子的弟子冉耕，字伯牛；司马耕，字子牛。

高中英语真题:2014届高三第二次月考英语试题本试卷共11页，其中2页为答卷。

另加1张答题卡。

共有五大题，满分150分。

考试用时140分钟。

注意事项：答卷前，考生务必用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将自己的姓名和考生号、试室号、座位号填写在答题卡上，并用2B铅笔在答题卡上的相应位置填涂考生号。

选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案，答案不能答在试卷上。

非选择题必须用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液。

不按以上要求作答的答案无效。

匹配题如果选E，请涂AB；如果选F，则涂CD。

I 模拟听说（共两节，总共 15 分，考试时间20分钟）注意：做题时，先把答案写在试卷上，等模拟听说考试结束后再把答案写在答题卷上。

第一节：Part B Role Play（共8小题；每小题1分，满分8分）1. 请按要求把三问写出来。

Q1. 你和你的室友相处得怎样？______________________________________________________ ___.Q2.为什么你不直接与他们谈一谈？_______________________________________________________ __.Q3. 你的老师的建议是什么？________________________________________________________ _.2. 请写出五个问题的答案。

A.1. ____________________________________________________ __A.2._____________________________________________________ __A.3 _____________________________________________________ __A.4. ____________________________________________________ ___A.5 _____________________________________________________ ___第二节根据所听到内容在横线上填下适当的词（7分）Tom first __1__ . He decided to ride on the __2__ railway of . He entered the station shortly after five o’lock in the afternoon. Thi s was a bad time to travel in , because crowds of people were g oing home from work at this time. So he had to join a long __3_ _ of people who were waiting for tickets. When at last his turn c ame , he bought a ticket. With the ticket, Tom went to the platfo rm. The platform was also __4__,so he did not manage to get o n the first train. He had to wait for the nest one. When the seco nd one came in, Tom got on it. The door of the train closed and the train moved off. The train was so crowded that Tom was un able to see the __5__ of the stations where the train stopped, b ut he knew that his station was on the __6__ stop along the line. When the train reached the station, Tom got off the train. But w hen he saw the name of the station, he suddenly realized that h e had caught a train going in the __7__ direction._____________ 2._____________ 3. _____________ 4. ____________________________ 6.______________ 7. ____________II语言知识及应用 (共两节，满分35分)第一节完形填空 (共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1～15各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

吴淞中学2013-2014学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题Ⅰ．Listening comprehension:（30分）Section A: Short conversationsDirections:In section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers in your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1． A．In a restaurant. B．At a supermarket.C．At a seafood stall D．In a fish shop2． A．Librarian and student. B．Operator and caller.C．Boss and secretary. D．Customer and salesman.3． A．To mail the box to her. B．To take care of her house.C．To collect her letters. D．To fix her mailbox.4． A．It was tiring. B．It cost much less.C．It took less time. D．It was uncomfortable.5． A．By eating fruit and vegetables. B．By going on a diet.C．By doing physical exercise. D．By having less food.6． A．Read the notice on the window. B．Go and ask the staff.C．Board the train to Dalian. D．Get a new train schedule.7． A．He is an experienced sales manager.B．He is being interviewed for a job.C．He is a close friend of the woman’s.D．He is good at answering questions.8． A．The man takes his privacy into consideration first.B．The man is uncertain if he can find a better place.C．The man will rent a better dormitory to live in.D．The man is unlikely to move out of the dormitory.9． A．He fell asleep in the middle of the program.B．He went out in the middle of the program.C．He didn’t wish to watch the performance.D．He enjoyed watching other performance.10．A．He owned a piece of land in the downtown area.B．He has got enough money to buy a house.C．He can finally do what he has dreamed ofD．He is going to move into a bigger apartment.Section B: PassagesDirections: In section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers in your paper, and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Question 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11．A．They have spent more time on space travel than on medicine.B．There are too many kinds of cold viruses for them to identify.C．It is not economical to find a cure for each type of cold.D．They believe people can recover without any treatment.12．A．They reveal the seriousness of the problem.B．They indicate how fast the virus spreads.C．They tell us what kind of medicine to take.D．They show our body is fighting the virus.13．A．It does harm rather than good to us.B．It helps us to recover much sooner.C．It works better with other therapies.D．It damages some organs of our body.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14．A．To satisfy the needs of their family.B．To fully realize their potential.C．To make money for early retirement.D．To gain a sense of satisfaction.15．A．They may have fewer job opportunities.B．They may regret the time they wasted.C．They may have nobody to rely on in the future.D．They may have to work for living at an old age.16．A．To make wise use of money and enjoy life.B．To work hard with a clear goal in life.C．To pursue highly-paid and demanding careers.D．To save money for our retirement.Section C: Longer ConversationsDirections: In section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you will be required to fulfill the task by filling in the numbered blanks with information you have heard.Ⅱ．Grammar and Vocabulary（26分）Section ADirections: Complete the passages by filling the blanks with proper words.( A )The idea of reading online (25)____________ ( take ) on a whole new meaning recently as a lending library has opened on Line2 of Shanghai’s metro. This “underground”library allows subway riders (26)___________ ( choose ) a book at one station and leave it at another station when they’ve finished reading it. And the service is free!The idea is to encourage more people to read books and to make better use(27)________ their time while they ride back and forth to work. So far, it’s been(28)________ great success with most people returning the books and also leavinga one yuan donation which is used for charity.Shanghai’s underground library is an example of“guerilla libraries”(流动图书馆)which have been springing up all over the world. Unlike a traditional library, a guerilla library is usually set up by individuals (29)________ want to connect people of similar interests within a community. It may be a few shelves of books set up on the corner in a neighborhood, or just a book left in a coffee shop with instructions inside to pass the book along after it’s read.(30)_________ _________ the guerilla library movement, e-books have taken the passion out of reading. They say people are losing out on the very emotion (31)_________ comes with holding a real book in their hands and also the satisfaction that comes with sharing a book with another person.( B )At a time (32)________ other phone makers (33)________ ( try ) to make their devices do more, Nokia has decided to take a step back and make a phone that does less. Last month, the Finnish company introduced the Nokia1050, a phone that allows users to make calls and to text, and that’s all!The two big (34)________ (sell ) points for the Nokia1050 are its cheap price (162 yuan) and its long battery life (35 days, if left on stand -by). Compare that to most smart phones which have an average price of 3,000yuan and a battery life of just a few hours when playing videos or downloading. Nokia thinks people who already own a smart phone will buy the1050 and (35)________ use it as a backup in case their smart phone conks out (出故障).(36)_________ “simple”over “smart”will be successful remains to be seen, but there is no doubt that smart phones are most consumers’first choice. New Relic, a media research company, reports that 1.3million Android devices are activated (激活) every day and by the end of the year an estimated1.82 billion smart phones will be in use worldwide. New Relic also says that once someone buys a smart phone, it becomes (37)_________ equals a central part of his or her life. The average user checks his phone 150 times at day--an average of once every six-and-a-half minutes! That last statistic doesn’t surprise me. As a teacher, I see students reaching for (38)________ smart phones constantly. It’s almost an addiction and it impacts their study and their social behaviour. I would be dreaming, however, if students would dump their smart phones for the (39)_________ ( practical ) and less intrusiveNokia1050. For the “post90s ”generation, QQ, Renren and Weixin are as essentialas the air they breathe and staying (40)________ ( connect ) is more important than mere communication.Section BDirections: Complete the passage by choosing the proper words or phrases in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.When discussing the causes of animal endangerment, it is important to understandthat individual species are not the only factors 41 in this difficult situation. Endangerment is a broad 42 , one that involves the habitats and environment where species live and 43 with one another. Although some measures are being taken to help 44 cases of endangerment, the 45 problem cannot be solved until the natural environments where endangered specieslive are protected by humans. There are many reasons why a particular species may become endangered, but habitat destruction is on top.Our planet is continually changing, causing habitats to be changed and 46 . Natural changes tend to occur at a gradual pace, usually causing only a slight impact on individual species. However, when changes occur at a fast pace, there is little or no time for individual species to 47 and adapt to new circumstances. This can create disastrous results, and for this reason, rapid habitat loss is the 48 cause of species endangerment. The strongest forces in rapid habitat lossare human beings. Nearly every region of the earth has been affected by human activities, 49 during this past century. The loss of microbes (微生物) in soils that 50 supported tropical forests, the extinction of fish and various aquatic(水族的) species in polluted habitats, and changes in global climate brought about by the released greenhouse gases are all results of human activities. It canbe difficult for an individual to recognize the effects on individual species and habitats, especially during a human lifetime. But it is quite obvious that human activities have greatly contributed to species endangerment.Ⅲ．Reading Comprehension（47分）Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.According to Greek legend, in ancient Athens a man noticed the great storyteller Aesop playing childish games with some little boys. He laughed and made fun of Aesop, asking him why he wasted his time in such 51 games.Aesop responded by 52 a bow, loosening its string, and placing it onthe ground. Then he said to the critical man, “Now, 53 the riddle (迷),if you can. Tell us what the unstrung bow means.”The man looked at it for several minutes but had no idea about what 54 Aesop was trying to make. Aesop 55 ,“If you keep a bow always bent, it will break finally; but if you let it go loose, it will be more 56 for use when you want it.”So it is with us. Our minds and bodies are like the 57 .When often underthe 58 of everyday life, we can finally break .We need to loosen up; we needtime to take the pressure off and relax.Former baseball pitcher(投球手) Dutch Leonard might have put it a little differently. He once said that the 59 of great pitching is not speed or the ability to throw curves(曲线球). It’s the “change of pace”. Even the 60 batter(击球手) will soon learn how to hit a pitcher who continually throws the samekind of pitc h. But it’s 61 to hit a pitcher who changes the pace of pitching. That 62 of pace gives a pitcher an advantage over the other pitchers.A change of pace also gives us a(n) 63 in life. Taking time to watchthe clouds, enjoy a breeze, take a walk, read just slowdown is 64 if we areto be our best later. And a regular day of rest is as important as regular sleep.It’s a 65 of taking the pressure off.To be your best, make sure you change your pace. It may just be the change you need.51. A. wise B. bright C. foolish D. false52. A. picking up B. throwing away C. making up D. putting down53. A. make B. answer C. follow D. ask54. A. point B. legend C. idea D. plan55. A. answered B. replied C. explained D. called56. A. possible B. careful C. hopeful D. fit57. A. string B. bow C. riddle D. activity58. A. routine B. control C. pressure D. pain59. A. secret B. solution C. ability D. method60. A. great B. successful C. average D. smart61. A. easy B. hard C. likely D. usual62. A. kind B. game C. change D. speed63. A. advantage B. road C. bottom D. center64. A. convenient B. necessary C. acceptable D. reasonable65. A. trick B. result C. beginning D. waySection BDirections: Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices markedA,B,C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given inthe passage you have read.（ A ）The Last Supper is regarded as one of the supreme masterpieces in the whole fieldof pictorial art. Tradition has it that Leonardo Da Vinci worked for ten years uponthe painting, the monks in the church annoyed at the delay. It was said that Leonardo often painted continuously from dawn to night without eating his meals. But at othertimes he spent hours before the picture, lost in contemplation, examining, comparing, and measuring his figures.This inactivity aroused the anger of the fussy Prior, the head of the church, who belonged to the large group of those who believed that the busier a man seems, the more he accomplishes; and so he tried to find fault with the idle painter. Leonardo was slightly unhappy and explained to somebody else that there is a great difference between the work of the creative artist and the stonemason. The creative artist needs time for contemplation; he may be busiest when his hands are idlest. Just now he needed two heads to complete the picture: that of Christ, for which no model on earth could be found, for where was the man to be found whose face would express the strength, and beauty, and tenderness, and deep sorrow of the Christ; then he also needed a head of Judas, and that was hard to find as well, for where was the man whose face could express the meanness of that base traitor. But he would look no further; if none came his way, he would be satisfied to take Prior as a model for Judas. This threat silenced the angry Prior, who quite naturally had no desire to pass to descendants in such a fashion.66. Why did the Prior complain about the delay?A. Because he thought that the painter idled most of the hours.B. Because he knew that genius might be busiest when seemingly idlest.C. Because he liked the work of a stonemasonD. Because he was eager to be taken as a model for Judas.67. What does “ contemplation ” in the last sentence of Paragraph 1 mean?A. possibilityB. intentionC. deep thoughtD. expectation68. Which of the following is true?A. The painter was pleased with the Prior’s complaint.B. The Prior was angry because he thought the painter did not work hard.C. The painter took one of the monks as a model for Christ.D. The painter took one of the monks as a model for Judas.( B )Although the U.S. is so big and its people have so many different ethnic (racial) backgrounds, it is in some ways less varied than Europe. The English language is used almost everywhere in its American form. The American way of speaking has developed independently of England and is on the whole closer to what can be heard in Ireland.American instance of uniformity（一致性） is in habits and ways of living. From Boston to Los Angelese it is as far as from France to Central Asia, and from east to west there are five time zones; but everywhere people get up and go to bed at about the same time, eat the same kind of food, buy in the same kind of shops, workand rest at the same times of the day and have the same pattern of holidays. In most of the things that matter there is less difference between rich people and ordinary people, or between town and country, than in any single European nation.Although the United States covers so much land and the land produces far more food than the present population needs, its people are by now almost entirely an urban society. Less than a tenth of the people are engaged in agriculture, and most of the rest live in or around towns, large and small. Here the traditional picture is changing; most Americans do not live in small towns any more. Half the population now live in some thirty metropolitan areas.The fact that the United states has always been a single economic unit has contributed to uniformity. Modern industry favors large organizations, and it is no accident th at the world’s biggest commercial firms are American.The people can choose between the products of competing manufacturers, but the products are all much alike.70. In describing the uniformity in the U.S. the author does not mention thatA. the American people get up and go to work at the same time.B. the American people spend their holidays in the same pattern.C. the American people buy and eat the same kind of food.D. the American people have more or less the same income.71. What can we learn from the passage about the U.S. agriculture?A. The American farmers need more land than before.B. More and more Americans are interested in farming.C. It is quite modernized.D. It is now going backward.72. What is the feature of the U.S. modern industry according to the last paragraph?A. The production scale and the organizational scale are very big.B. It is a single economic unit that manufactures the same kind of products.C. There are more and more competing manufacturers.D. There are always a variety of products to choose from.73. What does “most of the things” in the sentence “In most of the things thatmatter, there is less difference between rich people and ordinary people” refer to?A. food, clothing and houses.B. Cars, computers and TV sets.C. Their wealth and income.D. Land, housing and bank savings.( C )Everyone has heard of the San Andreas fault（断层）, which constantly threatens California and the West Coast with earthquakes. But how many people know about the equally serious New Madrid fault in Missouri?Between December of 1811 and February of 1812, three major earthquakes occurred, all centered around the town of New Madrid, Missouri, on the Mississippi River. Property damage was severe. Buildings were almost all destroyed. Whole forests fellat once, and huge cracks opened in the ground.The Mississippi River completely changed character, developing sudden fast-moving currents. Several times it changed its course, and once it appeared to run backwards. Few people were killed in the New Madrid earthquake, simply because few people lived in this area in 1811; but the severity of the quake is shown by the fact that the shock waves rang bells in church towers in Charleston, South Carolina, on the coast. Buildings shook in New York city, and clocks were stopped in Washington, D.C.Scientists now know that America’s two major faults are different. The San Andreas fault is a horizontal boundary between two major land masses that are slowly moving in opposite directions. California earthquakes result when the movement of these two masses suddenly leans forward.The New Madrid fault, on the other hand, is a vertical（垂直的）fault; at some point, millions of years ago, rock was pushed up toward the surface, probably by volcanoes under the surface. Suddenly, the volcanoes cooled and the rock collapsed, leaving huge cracks. Even now, the rock continues to settle downwards, and sudden sinking motions start earthquakes in the region. The fault itself, a large crack in this layer of rock, with dozens of other cracks that split off from it, extends from northeast Arkansas through Missouri and into southern Illinois.Scientists who have studied the New Madrid fault say there have been numerous smaller quakes in the area since 1811; these smaller quakes indicate large ones are probably coming, but the scientists say they have no method of predicting when it will occur.74. The New Madrid fault is ______________________.A. responsible for forming the Mississippi RiverB. a fault in the flat positionC. a worse fault than the San Andreas faultD. a fault caused by rocks moving directly upward75. Which of the following is NOT true about the New Madrid fault?A. Not many people were killed in the quakes in 1811.B. The quakes stopped the clocks in Washington, D.C.C. Bells were rung in church towers in Charleston to inform the coming quakes.D. The quakes were caused by sudden sinking motion.76. It can be concluded from the passage that ____________________.A. it is probably as dangerous to live in Missouri as in California.B. the New Madrid fault will eventually develop a mountain range in MissouriC. in the future California will become an islandD. California will be broken into small pieces by an eventual earthquakeSection CDirection: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words. Please write your answers on your Answer Sheet.Tens of thousands of theatre tickets will be given away to young people next year as part of a government campaign to inspire a lifelong love for theatres. The plan to offer free seats to people aged between 18 to 26 --- funded with 2.5 million of taxpayers’ money--- was announced yesterday by Andy Burnham, the Culture Secretary. It received a cautious welcome from some in the arts world, who expressed concern that the tickets may not reach the most underprivileged.The plan comes as West End theatres are enjoying record audiences, thanks largely to musicals teaming up with television talent shows. Attendances reached 13.6 million in2007, up 10 percent on 2006, itself a record year. Total sales were up 18 percent on2006 to almost £470 million.One theatre source criticized the Government’s priorities in funding free tickets when pensioners were struggling to buy food and fuel, saying, “I don’t know why the Government’s wasting money on this. The Yong Vic, as The Times reported today, offers excellent performances at cheap prices.”There was praise for the Government’s plan from Dominic Cooke of the Royal Court Theatre, who said, “I support any move to get young people just into theatre, and especially one that aims to do it all over England, not just in London.”Ninety-five publicly funded theatres could apply for funding under the two-year plan. In return, they will offer free tickets on at least one day each week to 18 to 26-year-olds, first-come, first-served. It is likely to be on Mondays, traditionally a quiet night for the theatre.Mr. Burnham said, “A young person attending the theatre can find it an exciting experience, and be inspired to explore a new world. But sometimes people miss out on it because they fear it’s ‘not for them’. It’s time to change this perception.”Jeremy Hunt, the Shadow Culture Secretary, said, “The real issue is not getting enthusiastic children into the theatre, but improving arts education so that more young people want to go in the first place. For too many children theatres are a no-go area.”(Note: Answer the questions and complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS. )78. Critics of the plan argued that ___________________________________________.79. According to the supporters, whom should the plan involve?_______________________________________________________________________.80. What can we infer from the passage?_______________________________________________________________________.81. According to the passage, what is the real purpose of the plan?_______________________________________________________________________.第Ⅱ卷（共47分）。

2011届吴淞中学高三年级第二次月考英语试卷第I 卷（105分）I．Listening ComprehensionSection A Short conversationsDirections: In section A, you will hear ten short conversations between speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.A.10:00 B. 10:10 C. 10:20 D.10:302. A. A cook. B. A waitress. C. An airhostess. D. A customer.3. A. On the bus. B. In the theatre. C. In the classroom. D. In a cafeteria.4. A. It will probably rain this afternoon. B. She likes to watch the rain come downC. She will play even if it rains.D. It has rained a lot lately.5. A. Stop worrying. B. Go out more. C. Talk to a friend. D. Get counseling.6. A. She thought it was extremely difficult.B. She thought it was okay even though she usually dislikes essay exams.C. She thinks essay exams are boring and especially this one.D. She thinks she will fail this test.7. A. She wasn’t able to attend the reception. B. She is an honor student.C. She likes flowers very much.D. She is a teacher.8. A. Because she has walked a long distance.B. Because she is tired out.C. Because she is all wet.D. Because she is careless.9. A. Bob has been married for a long time. B. He plans to go to the wedding.C. He hasn’t been to California for a long time.D. The woman should go to California.10. A. Make the woman another lunch. B. Get the woman a coffee.C. Buy the woman a lunch.D. Help look for the woman’s lunch box.Section B passages,Directions: In part B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Basic health. B. Special training. C. Nothing. D.Special skill.12. A.Steadily B. Gently. C. As long as possible D.Fast13. A. When you have any health worries. B. When you decide to jog.C. When you require more information.D. When you decide to jog alone.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following news.14. A. Her mother doesn’t love her as much as her grandfather did.B. Her mother was the subject of talks with her grandfather.C. Her mother will misunderstand her problems.D. She missed her grandfather.15. A. Co-workers cannot be your close friends.B. People will be pleased if you call them at 2:00 a.m..C. You can’t discuss your problems with a distant family member.D. The one you can call at 2:00 a.m. is someone close to you in spirit.16.A. Parents should understand their kids.B. The earth is an inhabited garden if you have close friends.C. There are many ways to make friends.D. There is a difference between a lonely desert and an inhabited garden.Section C longer conversations.Directions: In part C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation:Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation:II. Grammar and vocabulary ( 25 % )Section ADirections: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.25.The boy was too young to write, but he sent his father aletter and told him what had happened ______ drawing pictures.A. withB. inC. toD. by26. My mother and I wanted to see a new play, but we weren’t able to get the tickets for ______two of us.A. /B. theC. amongD. between27. About 40 percent of the population of the country __________ on farms.A. liveB. staysC. livesD. is28. I hope there are enough glasses for each guest to have _________.A. itB. thoseC. themD. one29. I won’t go with you. It’s ___________ cold today.A. so muchB. too muchC. very soD. much too30. ----We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time.----What do you suppose _______ to her?A. was happeningB. to happenC. has happenedD. having happened31. ----Which ball is yours?----The biggest one ________ belongs to our class.A. which is on the tableB. lying on the floorC. that in the boxD. lies by the corner of the room32. When the European settlers arrived in _______ is now the United States, they brought theirholidays like Christmas.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. when33. If you don’t take a nap right now, __________ .A. so do IB. I do, tooC. neither shall ID. neither do I34. Stephen _________ me a fool.A. dare not to callB. dares not callC. dares not callsD. dare not call35. The football match we had been long looking forward ______ in our school yesterday.A. to be heldB. to being heldC. to was heldD. was held36. _____ I saw him when he was only five, I thought of his father, for they looked alike.A. For the first timeB. Each timeC. At the momentD. The first time37. Living near the sea, __________.A. so we enjoy healthy air and beautiful sight.B. healthy air and beautiful sight is what we enjoy.C. we enjoy healthy air and beautiful sight.D. it is healthy air and beautiful sight is what we enjoy.38. ----Is there anything you want from town?----I’m going to get ________.A. those letters mailingB. to mail those lettersC. those letters to mailD. those letters mailed39. Is this book ______ was given to you yesterday by your teacher?A. whichB. thatC. the oneD. the one that40. Farming, _______ to human welfare, is now a small part of the economy of the country.A. essential as it isB. essential as isC. it is essentialD. as essentialSection B:Directions: Complete the passage with the proper words in the box. Each word can only be used once. One word is not needed.After months of waiting, Chinese TV 41 finally got to see the first episode of "China's Got Talent " in late July. With the episodes （集）42 so far, the show has won millions of fans, but has also triggered controversy (引起争议). "China's Got Talent" is a British-owned Chinese reality show put on by Dragon TV in Shanghai. It features 43 of all types and ages competing for a performing contract with Fremantle Media and Sony Music Entertainment.The plan is to have the finalists of "China's Got Talent," the winners of Britain's Got Talent, and the American and European versions of the show to perform together at the Shanghai Expo Culture Center.The 44 episode of the show, last Sunday, 45 a young man with no arms playing piano with his feet.Liu Wei who has been playing the piano since he was 19, 46 the audience and judges to tears with his performance. The 23-year-old said his motto was to "Die 47__ or live 48 ." He said he would never complain and would fight to make his dreams come true. Another act in Sunday's show was a poor couple who run a street food stall in Shanghai. The husband said he was taking part in the show to make his wife's dreams come true. She is a 49 singer and wants to buy a karaoke machine but they can't afford one. Their story also brought tears to the eyes of the judges.III. Reading ComprehensionSection A.Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Life is full of decisions. You may not realize the vast number of choices you face each day. Some choices are simple, like what to wear. But others are more__50__: deciding which friend to go out with or whether to go out at all. Life’s most difficult decisions __51__ choosing a university, a career and a husband or wife.For some people, decision-making comes pretty easily. __52__others, indecision is a serious problem that can stop them dead.Think about the last time you went to a coffee shop. Ordering your coffee should have been asimple task, but it probably __53__ at least four decisions. Your __54__ today has more opportunities, more choices and more options than ever before! Thirty-one ice cream flavors, 30-screen movie theaters, 300 cable channels and 3,000 songs on an ipod all __55__ one thing---a more complicated life. The more choices you have, the harder it is to decide.Indecisiveness leads to negative__56__. Hesitation in buying sale items results in paying more later. Indecision can __57__result in missed opportunities. Boss may notice __58__and give an important project to someone more eager. Family, friends and coworkers may get tired of waiting for your decisions.Not making a decision means you allow __59__to be made for you---choices that you yourself might not like. Increased stress can result.There are many reasons why people struggle with decisions. Some people fear others’opinions, and they worry that someone may be __60__by their decision. Others fear the consequences of a wrong choice. This prevents them from making any choice at all. Still others __61__ about finding the perfect choice. __62__,there’s no perfect choice. Every option has its pros and cons.The good news is that with each decision you make, the __63__ does get easier. And best of all…You’ll soon learn to trust yourself and your__64__.50. A. appealing B. inviting C. challenging D. surprising51.A. include B. exclude C. handle D. risk52. A. As for B. Regardless of C. Instead of D. But for53.A. acquired B. required C. made D. inquired54.A. life B. work C. entertainment D. recreation55.A. look forward to B. make up for C. add up to D. break away with56.A. convenience B. attitude C. outlook D. consequences57.A. besides B. also C. furthermore D. otherwise58.A. hesitation B. perseverance C. willingness D. personality59.A. opportunities B. freedoms C. choices D. opinions60.A. satisfied B. disappointed C. favored D. excited61.A. ensure B. relax C. figure D .stress62.A. In fact B. As though C. By chance D. Once again63.A. shade B. combination C. miscalculation D. process64.A. circumstances B. visions C. decisions D. confidencesSection BDirections: Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.teachers’ experience increases.A. 1 and 4B. 3 and 5C. 6 and 8D. 9 and 1066. In contrast to the new teachers, the middle-standing and veteran teachers seem to have made aremarkable improvement in their ability to _________.A. be fair to any pupilB. evaluate pupil’s progressC. present materials clearlyD. understand and play with pupils67. Pupils seem to regard the new and the middle – standing teachers as being more _________than the veterans.A. relaxed in classB. interested in pupils’ ideasC. neat in appearanceD. skillful at explaining68. According to the table, which of the following is right?A. In the new teachers’ classes, pupils seem to ask questions more freely.B. Pupils seem to be quite satisfied with the amount of time their teachers spend with thembetween classes.C. The evaluation of the middle – standing teachers is lower than that of the veterans in sevenitems.D. Though veterans do not play games with pupils during breaks, their teaching is rated highly.(B)Can you remember the first time you learned to ride a bike or drive a car? Learning these skills changed your life forever and opened up new horizons. Learning about computers can be like learning how to ride a bike or drive a car. Once you have invested the time to master the skills, you will never go back to the old days. The new technology is simply too convenient and too powerful.Technological developments through the years have enabled us to do more with less effort. We have continuously looked for better ways of doing things. Each invention and new development has allowed us to extend our capabilities. Today we see one of the most dramatic technologies ever developed ---the computer. It extends the capabilities of our minds.Computers have saved organizations millions of dollars. Furthermore, these same computer systems have opened up new opportunities that would have gone undiscovered or neglected. The computer may multiply what we can do, and the return on investment is high. The growth of computer usage is surprising. On the other hand, the computer can do serious damage. Invasion of privacy, fraud（欺诈）, and computer-related mistakes are just a few shocking examples.The computer is like a double-edged sword. It has the ability to cut us free from some activities, but it can also cut deep into profits, personal privacy, and our society in general. How it is used is not a function of technology. It is strictly a function of how people decide to use or misuse this new technology. The choice is yours, and only through a knowledge of computer systems will you be able to avoid the dangers while enjoying the many, many benefits of the computer age.69.The writer thinks learning about computers is like learning how to ride a bike or drive a carbecause ________.A. it is simple and practicalB. it needs a lot of practiceC. it leads people to new life experiencesD. it takes much time to master the skills70. According to the passage, computers bring people the following benefits except ________.A. avoiding mistakesB. saving moneyC. making moneyD. opening up opportunities71. According to the writer, the bad effects of computers can be avoided if we ______.A. have sound knowledge of computer systemsB. tell people not to misuse computersC. have strict rules over the use of computersD. make more investments in the technology(C)Reality television is a type of television programming which, it is claimed, presents unscripted(无剧本的) dramatic or humorous situations, documents actual events, and features ordinary people rather than professional actors. It could be described as a form of artificial or “heightened” documentary. Although the type has existed in some form or another since the early years of television, the current explosion of popularity dates from around 2000. Reality television covers a wide range of television programming formats(格式).Two reality series —Survivor and American Idol— have been the top-rated series on American television for an entire season.Critics say that the term “reality television” is somewhat improper and that such shows frequently portray an adapted and highly influenced form of reality, with participants put in unusual locations or abnormal situations, sometimes coached to act in certain ways by off-screen handlers, and with events on screen manipulated(操控) through editing and other post-production techniques.Part of reality television’s appeal is due to its ability to place ordinary people in extraordinary situations. For example, on the ABC show, The Bachelor, an ordinary male dates a dozen women at the same time, travelling on extraordinary dates to different places. Reality television also has the potential to turn its participants into national celebrities(名人), outwardly in talent and performance programmes such as Pop Idol, though frequently Survivor and Big Brother participants also reach some degree of celebrity.Some people say that the name “reality television” is an inaccurate description for several styles of programme included. In competition-based programmes such as Big Brother and Survivor, and other special-living-environment shows like The Real World, the producers design the format of the show and control the day-to-day activities and the environment, creating a completely fabricated world in which the competition plays out. Producers specifically select the participants, and use carefully designed challenges, events, and settings to encourage particular behaviours and conflicts. Mark Burnett, creator of Survivor and other reality shows, has agreed with this assessment, and avoids the word “reality” to describe his shows; he has said, “I tell good stories. It really is not reality TV. It really is unscripted drama.”72. From the passage we can learn that Reality television ________.A. came into being in the 21th centuryB. tells real stories about ordinary peopleC. is all about competition and conflictsD. is very popular among the audience73. Reality TV attracted a large audience mainly because ________.A. it enables men to date with different womenB. it takes place in unusual or abnormal situationsC. it shows exceptional experience of average peopleD. it turns all participants into superstars74. The word “fabricated” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to _______.A. actualB. impersonalC. isolatedD. fictional75. The author writes this article to ________.A. analyze the present situation of reality televisionB. compare reality television with other forms of TV programmesC. reveal some of the unknown features of reality televisionD. criticize reality television for deceiving the publicSection C.Directions: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A-F for each paragraph. There is one extra heading that you do not need.School Field Trip Questions and AnswersTheMarine Science Center offersnearly four hoursof an educational adventure. Observingrehabilitating Sea Turtles, lab experiments, taking our Exhibit Gallery challenge, and learning from educational beach activities are a unique and fun way to educate all ages about the fragile environment in Florida.We require a 1 to 10 ratio of chaperones to students. All chaperones within that ratio are free. The fee is $3 per student and $6 per any extra adult chaperones. The fee includes a three and a half hour program with interactive activities for the students. Payment should be made upon the arrival to the Marine Science Center. Please make checks payable to: County of Volusia Marine Science Center.This program can accommodate groups up to forty students. The students must be divided into groups of ten prior to arrival to the center. The students will be rotated throughout all of the activities provided.The Marine Science Center is located at 100 Lighthouse Drive in Ponce Inlet. If arriving by bus, please stop the bus on the north (right) side of Lighthouse Drive directly across from the Marine Science Center entrance sign. Students will be escorted up the main sidewalk to the front entrance of the Marine Science Center. If arriving by separate cars, please park in the main parking lot to the right on Lighthouse Drive. Take the boardwalk to the Marine Science Center.The bus must be available to take students to and from the Marine Science Center and Lighthouse Point Park during the field trip for beach activities. Upon arrival the driver will get specific instructions on your program schedule.Section D.Directions: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in no more than ten words:Just Ask GrandmaWe read and hear a lot about healthy eating in newspapers and on TV nowadays. Experts and nutritionists tell us what to eat, when to eat and how to eat to stay healthy, Some of their advice seems reasonable. Some just sounds strange. Who can we rely on?Well, ask yourself another question: How did people choose foods and stay healthy before there were nutrition experts? We relied on culture, which is another way of saying: on tradition and common sense.All of us carry around rules of thumb about eating that have been passed down in our families or plucked（采集）from culture. Earlier this year, US writer Michael Pollen posted a request about these rules on The New York Times website. Within days, he received more than 2,500 responses. Not all of them have stood the test of time or been confirmed by science, but all of them have something to teach us, Pollen said.Here are some of Pollen’s favorites:●My parents are both from Italy, and one of our family rules was that you could not leave thetable until you had finished your fruit. It was a great way to put fruit into our diets and also helped satiate（满足）our sweet tooth, keeping us away from less healthful sweets. – Marta C.Larusso●From my Romanian grandmother: “Breakfast, you should eat alone. Lu nch, you should sharewith a friend. Dinner, give to your enemy.” – Irina A. Dumitrescu●Don’t eat anything that took more energy to ship than to grow. – Carrie Cizauskas●“It’s better to pay the grocer（食品商）than the doctor” was the saying that my Italiangrandmother would frequently use to remind us of the love and attention to detail that went in to her cooking – John Forti●If you are not hungry enough to eat an apple, then you are not hungry. – Emma Fogt●“Make and take your own lunch to work.” My father ha s always done this, and so have I. Itsaves money and you know what you are eating. – Hope Donovan Rider●Never eat something that is pretending to be something else, e.g.: chocolate-flavor sauce thatdoesn’t contain chocolate. – Sonya Legg81. Other than health experts, which other sources are there for us to turn to for advice on diet?82.What does the underlined sentence imply?83.According to Marta C. Larusso, we can both satiate our sweet tooth and keep away from lesshealthful sweets by_________________________________84.What did John Forti’s grandmother mean when she said, “It’s better to pay the grocer than thedoctor.”?第II卷（45分）I. Translation (20% )Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the word or phrase given in the brackets.1. 游客只有乘坐直升飞机才能到达山顶。

I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 他们的建议听起来和我们的同样可行。

(as…as)2. 一到机场，玛丽就发现把护照忘在家里了。

(Hardly)3. 正是他对我们表现的评价，表明我们已经步入正轨了。

(track)4. 我没想到那个曾经受到高度赞扬的钢琴家结果却令观众大失所望。

(turn out)5. 如果不能独立找出提高学习效率的方法，你就很难取得令人满意的成绩。

(unless)Keys:1. Their suggestion sounds as feasible as ours.2. Hardly had Mary got to the airport when she found/noticed that she had left the passport at home.3. It was their comment on our performance that showed we had already been on the right track.4. I never thought that the pianist who had once been highly praised/spoken highly of turned out to be a great disappointment to the audience.5. It is very difficult for you to gain satisfactory achievements unless you find out the method of improving the learning efficiency by yourself / on your own.I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 这位医生已经说服了很多人戒烟。

上海市虹口区2013学年度第一学期高三英语考试试卷2013年9月第Ⅰ卷（共105 分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Fix the button. B. Prepare the breakfast.C. Take the children to school.D. Wait for the school bus.2. A. Use registered mail. B. Mail earlier next time.C. Buy her daughter more clothes.D. Use airmail.3. A. He wants to have more sleep. B. Women need more help than men.C. His wife doesn’t sleep well.D. He doesn’t need as much sleep as his wife.4. A. She doesn’t want to talk about the contest.B. She’s modest about her success in the contest.C. She’s spent two years studying English in Canada.D. She’s very proud of her Success in the speech contest.5. A. She liked it. B. She disliked it.C. She had no opinion.D. She had not heard about it.6. A. At 8: 00. B. At 7: 30.C. At 8: 15.D. At 8: 45.7. A. Italian food. B. Sea food.C. Famous food.D. Tasty food.8. A. At a kindergarten. B. At a nursery.C. At a store.D. In a park.9. A. He likes the new roommate.B. The new apartment is cheaper.C. He wants a quieter place.D. The radio in the present apartment is broken.10. A. 47 yuan. B. 43 yuan.C. 36 yuan.D. 27 yuan.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. By teaching. B. By writing.C. By translating.D. By working as a lawyer.12. A. Eatonton Georgia. B. Atlanta.C. Sarah Lawrence.D. Spelman College.13. A. A pile of books. B. A letter.C. A prize.D. Some oranges.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following news.14. A. They are not active hunters. B. They don’t sleep much.C. They are often seen alone.D. They don’t eat much.15. A. To catch the birds. B. To look for shade in the heat of the day.C. To catch other animals.D. To look for a kill made by another animal.16. A. They are larger in size. B. They have to hunt more to feed the young.C. They run faster.D. They are not as lazy as the males.Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONL Y ONE WORD for each answer.Questions 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.Ⅱ. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections：Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.25. The idea of protecting environment has been _____ a large extent accepted in this area.A. inB. atC. toD. for26. Nine in ten parents said there were significant differences in their approach to educating their children compared with ________ of their parents.A. thatB. oneC. bothD. those27. The news that they failed their driving test discouraged him, ________ ?A. did theyB. didn’t theyC. did itD. didn’t it28. Contrary to the opinion of the members, the president should appoint______ he thinks can do the job most adequately.A. whomeverB. whomC. whoeverD. who29. After a 20-minute interview, the manager said politely to me, “Thank you. You ____ go now. Goodbye” .A. shouldB. mayC. mustD. would30. When the tour guide finally found the lost tourist in the far-off corner of the park, he was sitting on a rock, ____ to his girlfriend excitedly on the phone.A. talkingB. having talkedC. to talkD. talked31. The kind gentleman comforted the young boy who couldn’t find his mother and promised that he would be with him ____ his mother came back.A. as soon asB. whileC. untilD. as32. So far this year, no measures ____ against cruelty to animals despite their protest in the newspaper.A. have takenB. have been takenC. had been takenD. had taken33. Even many years after his divorce, he still couldn’t figure out the reason for his ____ marriage.A. to failB. to be failingC. failingD. failed34. He is a very changeable man. You will never know ____ he will do or think.A. whetherB. whatC. howD. that35. A warm thought suddenly came to me_______ I might use the pocket money to buy flowers for my mother’s birthday.A. ifB. whichC. whenD. that36. Is this the best way you thought of ______ people getting into the dangerous areas?A. to stopB. stoppingC. stoppedD. to have stopped37. The advertisement has been heard______ five times a day, which makes people upset.A. to broadcastB. to be broadcastC. broadcastingD. broadcast38. Every interviewee was asked to describe an occasion ____ he felt very embarrassed and how he dealt with it.A. whichB. whenC. whereD. in which39. Only by reading the small print ____ that the internet pages selling cheap seafood are actuallyowned by a company located in Sichuan.A. discover customersB. customers discoverC. do customers discoverD. customers do discover40. The travelers encouraged each other to go on ____ difficulties they met with.A. howeverB. whateverC. no matterD. althoughSection BDirections：Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.What personal qualities are desired in a teacher? I think the following would be generally accepted.First, the teacher’s personality should be lively and __41__. This does not rule out people who are plain-looking, or even ugly, because many such people have great personal charm. But it does rule out such types as the over-excitable, sad, __42__, and frustrated.Secondly, it is not merely desirable but essential for a teacher to have a genuine capacity for sympathy, a capacity to understand the minds and feelings of other people, __43__, since most teachers are school teachers, the minds and feelings of children. Closely related with this is the capacity to be tolerant ----not, indeed of what is wrong, but of the weaknesses and __44__ of human nature which cause people, and again especially, children, to make mistakes.Thirdly, I __45__ it essential for a teacher to be both intellectual and morally honest. This means that he will be aware of his intellectual strengths and limitations, and will have thought about and decided upon the moral __46__ by which his life shall be guided. There is no contradiction(矛盾) in my going on to say that a teacher should be a bit of an actor. That is part of the technique of teaching, which demands that every now and then a teacher should be able to put on an act ----to enliven a lesson, correct a fault, or __47__ praise. Children, especially young children, live in a world that is rather larger than life.A teacher must be capable of great patience. This, I may say, is largely a matter of self- __48__ - and self-training, for none of us are born like that.Finally, I think a teacher should have the kind of mind which always wants to go on learning. Teaching is a job at which one will never be perfect; there is always something more to learn about it. There are three __49__ objects of study: the subjects which the teacher is teaching; the methods by which the subjects can best be taught to the particular pupils in the classes he is teaching; and --- by far the most important ---the children, young people, or adults to whom the subjects are to be taught.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.If music makes you smarter, and exercise helps brain function, can exercising to music really boost (促进) brainpower? Some researchers said it can.V olunte ers who listened to Vivaldi’s “Four Seasons” while working out on a treadmill (跑步机) did much better on a test of verbal ability than when they exercised without __50__, a team at Ohio State University found.“Evidence suggests that exercise __51__ the cogn itive (认知的) performance of people withcoronary artery disease (冠心病),” said psychologist Charles Emery, who led the __52__. “And listening to music is thought to enhance brainpower. We wanted to __53__ the two results together,” Emery added in a statement.Writing in the __54__ issue of the journal Heart & Lung, Emery and colleagues said they studied 33 men and women taking part in a cardiac rehabilitation program after having bypass surgery, angioplasty (血管成形术) or other procedures to __55__ their disease. The volunteers said they felt better emotionally and mentally after __56__ with or without the music. But their improvement on the __57__ fluency test doubled after listening to music on the treadmills.“Exercise seems to cause verbal (言语的) changes in the __58__ system, and these changes may have a direct __59__ on cognitive ability,” Emery said. “Listening to music may influence __60__ function through different pathways in the brain. The __61__ of music and exercise may stimulate and increase cognitive ar ousal while helping to organize cognitive output.”Emery said he now wanted to test people using music of their own choice. “We used ‘Four Seasons’ __62__ its moderate tempo (节奏) and positive effects on medical patients in previous research,” Emery said. “But given the range of music __63__ among patients, it’s especially important to assess the __64__ of other types of music on cognitive outcomes.”50. A. music B. doubt C. work D. test51. A. helps B. promotes C. improves D. alters52. A. performance B. exercise C. development D. study53. A. form B. put C. relate D. connect54. A. last B. newest C. latest D. later55. A. check B. examine C. infect D. treat56. A. taking up B. working out C. living on D. carrying out57. A. positive B. negative C. side D. bad58. A. nervous B. digital C. thinking D. listening59. A. emotion B. effort C. effect D. efficiency60. A. scientific B. talkative C. informative D. objective61. A. cooperation B. operation C. combination D. composition62. A. by means of B. because of C. in case of D. in time of63. A. symptoms B. styles C. preferences D. types64. A. examination B. evolution C. expression D. influenceSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Every time stepping into the rehearsal room, the first question that comes to my mind would always be: what’s going to happen today?This gener ally sets off the tone for every rehearsal. It’s not that I never plan my rehearsal, but rather, it’s very difficult to predict what the actors would discover each time. Whenever their minds start clicking, mine would follow, or vice versa. I can’t say I h ave all the answers the moment I step onto the rehearsal floor. In fact, every good rehearsal depends a great deal on howfast I can get the actors rolling and involved in the creative process. In other words, what they give is essentially as important as what I’ll give them during the rehearsal period.Most actors would often come into rehearsals with a set of techniques and beliefs. At the same time, it means that they often carry with them a bag of habits (good and bad) which could have been accumulated through shows after shows. Especially young actors, they often play themselves up towards sort of “ideal” forms of images which could have been adopted from something they had once successfully acted in other shows. Or, they often stick too strictly to what they have learned and lost the flexibility for re-mode themselves as the new characters require.As Stanislavski once said, “There is no System better than Nature itself.” Therefore, in a way, I believe in all kinds of acting method as long as they work for the roles being created. Actors should learn to know themselves well enough, be physically and mentally prepared, in order to build good characters.65. What is the writer?A. A director.B. An actor.C. A writer.D. A critic.66. What problem may young actors often meet with according to the writer?A. Not active.B. Not creative.C. Not imaginative.D. Not flexible.67. In order to build good characters, actors need to do everything except ______.A. be mentally preparedB. create “ideal” imagesC. be actively involvedD. know themselves well68. Which of the following is probably the best title of the passage?A. The Mystery of RehearsalB. The Importance of RehearsalC. The Art of RehearsalD. The Preparations of Rehearsal69. If you don’t know how to use a computer, you had better ask for the position of _______.A. a secretary in NESTLEB. a production worker in NESTLEC. a senior engineer in THYSSEND. a cost accountant in THYSSEN70. From the passage we can learn that _______.A. THYSSEN is a successful company with many branchesB. NESTLE is a company only producing chemical productsC. NESTLE asks for good command of English in every PositionD. THYSSEN needs a senior sales manager to sell its products in Asia71. As a graduate from university this year, you can probably get a job as _______.A. a cost accountant in THYSSENB. a purchaser in THYSSENC. a secretary in NESTLED. an accountant in NESTLE(C)The key to effective cross-cultural communication is knowledge. First, it is essential that people understand the potential problems of cross-cultural communication, and make a conscious effort to overcome these problems. Second, it is important to assume that one’s efforts will not always be successful, and adjust one’s behavior appropriately.For example, one should always assume that there is a significant possibility that culturaldifferences are causing communication problems, and be willing to be patient and forgiving, rather than hostile(敌对的)and aggressive, if problems develop. One should respond slowly and carefully in cross-cultural exchanges, not j umping to the conclusion that you know what is being thought and said.William Ury’s suggestion for heated conflicts is to stop, listen, and think, or as he puts it “go to the balcony(阳台)” when the situation gets tense. By this he means withdraw from the situation, step back, and reflect on what is going on before you act. What could be going on here? Is it possible I misinterpreted what they said, or they misinterpreted me? Often misinterpretation is the source of the problem.Often intermediaries who are familiar with both cultures can be helpful in cross-cultural communication situations. They can translate both the substance and the manner of what is said. For instance, they can tone down strong statements that would be considered appropriate in one culture but not in another, before they are given to people from a culture that does not talk together in such a strong way. They can also adjust the timing of what is said and done. Some cultures move quickly to the point; others talk about other things long enough to establish a close relationship with the other person.72. The passage mainly talks about_____.A. the potential cross-cultural communication problemsB. how to make effective cross-cultural communicationC. how to avoid cross-cultural communication problemsD. the importance of knowledge about another culture73. By saying “go to the balcony”, William Ury really means to_____.A. refresh oneself during cross-cultural communicationB. get some sunlight and fresh air in the balconyC. think of a way to join in the communication in the balconyD. step Out of the communication and calm oneself down74. An “intermediary” in the last paragraph refers to a person who_____.A. acts as a go-between(中间人)during cross-cultural communicationB. acts as a translator during cross-cultural communicationC. keeps the cross-cultural communication goingD. can help people from different cultures reach an agreement75. We can infer from the passage that_____.A. different cultures may have different timing of what is said and doneB. our active efforts can overcome a11 cross-cultural communication problemsC. one cannot have cross-cultural communication without overcoming problemsD. misunderstanding is the source of all cross-cultural communication problemsSection CDirections: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A-F for each paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need.A.A. New idea on the field of being fatB. A very uncommon complaint.C.Shifting the blame.76.Overweight is a huge problem in many western countries, which attracts medical interest as researchers take up the challenge to find a ‘cure’ for the common condition of overweight. Rather than take responsibility for their overweight, fat people have often sought the excuse that they have a slow metabolism (新陈代谢). The argument goes like this: it doesn’t matter how little they eat, they gain weight because their bodies break down food and turn it into energy more slowly than those with a normal metabolic rate.77.‘This is nonsense’ says Dr. Jeb from the Dunn Nutrition Unit in England, ‘science has known for several years that the exact opposite is in fact true. Fat people have faster metabolisms than thin people. What is very clear is that fat people actually burn off more energy. They have more cells, bigg er hearts, and bigger lungs, so they need more energy to keep going.’78.It took only one night, spent in a sealed (密封的) room at the Dun Nutrition Unit to prove one of their patients of the beliefs of a lifetime: her metabolism was fast, not slow. By sealing the room and measuring exact amount of oxygen she used, the researchers were able to show her that her metabolism was not the cause of being fat.79.Prof. O’Rahilly, one of the world leading scientists in gene study, says that his work in Cambridge has proved that being fat can be caused by our genes. Overweight people are not weak-willed or lazy; they have a medical condition due to a genetic defect (缺陷) and that causes them to be fat.80.Despite the $500 million a year Australians spend try to lose weight and the $830 million it costs the community in health care, being fat is as serious as it is in all western countries. Until recently research and treatment for being fat have focused on drugs to decrease appetite and surgery. How drugs worked was often not understood and many caused serious side effects and even death in some patients. Surgery for losing weight has also already claimed many lives.Section DDirections: Read the passage carefully. Answer the following questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.According to a recent survey, employees in many companies today work longer hours than employees did in 1979. They also take shorter vacations than employees in 1979. It seems that Americans are working harder today than ever before. Or are they? A management consultant, BillMeyer, decided to find out.For three days, he observed an investment banker hard at work. Meyer wrote down everything the banker did during his long workday. At the end of the three-day period, Meyer reviewed the banker’s activities with him. What did they find out? They discovered that the man spent 80 percent of his time doing unnecessary work. For example, he attended unnecessary meetings, made redundant (多余的) telephone calls, and spent time packing and unpacking his two big briefcases.Apparently many people believe that the more time a person spends at work, the more he or she accomplishes. When employers evaluate employees, they often consider the amount of time on the job in addition to job performance.Employees know this. Although many working people can do their job effectively during a regular 40-hour work week, they feel they have to spend more time on the job after normal working hours so that the people who can promote them see them.A group of headhunters were asked their opinion about a situation. They had a choice of two candidates for an executive position with an important company. The candidates had similar qualifications for the job. For example, they were both reliable. One could do the job well in a 40-hour work week. The other would do the same job in an 80-hour work week just as well. According to a headhunting expert, the 80-hour-a-week candidate would get the job. The time this candidate spends on the job may encourage other employees to spend more time at work, too. Employers believe that if the employees stay at work later, they may actually do more work.However, the connection between time and productivity is not always positive. In fact, many studies indicate that after a certain point, anyone’s productivity and creativity begin to decrease. Some employees are not willing to spend so much extra, unproductive time at the office. Once they finish their work satisfactorily, they want to relax and enjoy themselves. For these people, the solution is to find a company that encourages people to do both.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN 10 WORDS.)81. What are the two key factors in employers’ assessing their employees’ work?82. What did the management consultant want to find out?83. The 80-hour-a-week candidate would get the job because employers believe that ____________________________________________________________________.84.The expression “to do both” in the last paragraph means ___________________.第Ⅱ卷（共45分）I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 那个孩子还不到自食其力的年龄。

上海市吴淞中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期中考试英语试题一、语法填空Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fit s each blank.An excerpt from A Walk in the WoodsNow here’s a thing to consider. Every twenty minutes on the Appalachian Trail, Katz and I walked 1 (far) than the average American walks in a week. For 93 percent of all trips outside the home, Americans now get in a car. On average the total walking of an American these days 2 (add) up to 1.4 miles a week, barely 350 yards a day. That’s ridiculous.When my family and I moved to the States, one of the things we wanted was to live in a traditional small town — the sort of place 3 Jımmy Stewart would be the mayor, the Hardy Boys would deliver your groceries, and Deanna Durbin would sing at an open window. Perfect little towns are not easy 4 (find), of course, but Hanover, where we settled, comes close. It is a small typical New England college town, pleasant and calm, full of old trees. It has a broad green, an old-fashioned Main Street, a handsome campus and leafy residential streets. Nearly everyone in town is 5 an easy walk of the post office, library, and stores.But things are different here: hardly 6 , as far as I can tell, walks anywhere for anything.I know a man who drives 600 yards to work. I know a woman who gets in her car to go a quarter of a mile to a college gymnasium to walk on a treadmill (跑步机), and then complains passionately about the difficulty she has 7 (spot) a parking space. When I asked her once 8 she didn’t walk to the gym and do five minutes less on the treadmill, she looked at me as if I were being deliberately provocative (挑衅的). “Because I have a program for the treadmill,” she explained. “It records my distance and speed, and I 9 adjust it for degree of difficulty.” It hadn’t occurred to me how thoughtlessly deficient nature is in this regard. At least in Hanover she could walk if she wanted to. In many places in America now, it is not actually possible to be a pedestrian, 10 you want to be.二、选词填空Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.The Mega-City EnvironmentMega-cities suffer from a catalog of environmental ills. A World Health Organization (WHO)/ United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) study found that seven of the cities — Mexico City, Beijing, Cairo, Jakarta, Los Angeles, Sao Paulo and Moscow — had three or more pollutants that 11 the WHO health protection guidelines. All 20 of the cities studied by WHO/UNEP had at least one major pollutant that went beyond 12 size health limits.According to the World Resources Institute, “Millions of children living in the world’s largest cities, particularly in developing countries, are 13 to life-threatening air pollution two to eight times above the maximum based on WHO guidelines. Indeed, more than 80 percent of all deaths in developing countries attributable to the air pollution-induced lung 14 are among children under five.” In the big Asian mega-cities such as New Delhi, Beijing and Jakarta, approximately 20 to 30 percent of all respiratory diseases 15 from air pollution.Almost all of the mega cities face major fresh water challenges. Johannesburg, South Africa, is forced to draw water from highlands 370 miles away. In Bangkok, saltwater is invading aquifers (地下蓄水层). Mexico City has a serious 16 problem because of excessive groundwater withdrawal.More than a billion people, 20 percent of the world’s population, live without regular 17 to clean running water. While poor people are forced to pay high fees for private water, many cities squander (挥霍) their resources through leakages and illegal 18 . “With the population of cities expected to increase to five billion by 2025,” says Klaus Toepfer, executive director of the UNEP, “the urban demand for water is set to increase rapidly. This means that any solution to the water crisis is closely linked to the governance of cities.”Mega-city residents, crowded into unsanitary slums, are also subject to serious diseaseoutbreaks. Lima, Peru (with population estimated at 9.4 million by 2015) suffered a cholera outbreak in the late 1990s partly because, as the New York Times reported, “rural people new to Lima… live in houses without running water and use the outhouses (屋外厕所) that 19 the hillsides above.”It’s worth looking at some of these 20 mega-cities in detail, because daily life there is likely to be the pattern for a majority of the world’s population. Most are already experiencing severe environmental problems that will only be worsened by rapid population increases.三、完形填空How Do You Know You’re Not in the Matrix?At the heart of the philosophy of Aristotle and St Thomas Aquinas is the idea that we come into contact with reality through the senses. But what if our senses are not a(n) 21 source? Perhaps our senses are deceiving us, and everything we perceive isn’t real but is an illusion like in the movie The Matrix.This 22 of sense knowledge was part of Rene Descartes’s methodic doubt, which many radical (激进的) skeptics have adopted. Descartes argued: whatever I have up till now accepted as most true I have acquired either from the senses or through the senses. But I have found that the senses may deceive me 23 , and it is sensible never to trust completely those who have deceived us even once. And one example Descartes gives as evidence is the fact that objects at a distance look smaller than what they are.But this is not deception. The sense of sight is reporting 24 what it perceives. As D．Q. McInerny says, “This is the sense of sight functioning just as it should, in order to give me a proper knowledge of 25 ”. Only when one made the judgement that “the man is small and then becomes big” would 26 come in. Truth and falsity do not 27 sensory perception but the fact of judging that perception.Another 28 with Descartes’s reason for doubting sensory perception is that he relies on only one sensory power. It’s often the case that in order to test whether one sense is deceiving us, we must 29 another sense.To use an example that many radical skeptics do to justify their doubt of sense knowledge. I may perceive the stick 30 immersed in water as crooked (弯曲). How do I determine whether what I perceive is actually the case? I pick up the stick. When I do so, I judge the stick is actually 31 . But in order to make a correct judgment about the stick, I use another sensory power—namely, 32 —that I must trust in order to make the proper judgment.With regard to Descartes’s example, in order to make a sound judgment about the 33 of the man walking up the street, Descartes would have to make contact with him through the sense of touch and measure him, which requires trust in sense knowledge.Furthermore, Descartes’s recognition of the man’s small stature (身高) as 34 presupposes his trust in his previous sensory experience of the man’s tall stature. As Ralph McInerny notes, “Descartes must trust his senses in order to challenge them.”So, if it’s reasonable to trust sense knowledge, and the senses put us into contact with the 35 world, then we can have greater certainty that what we perceive is objectively real. 21．A．external B．primary C．reliable D．alternative 22．A．disbelief B．application C．branch D．command 23．A．in no case B．out of nowhere C．by all means D．now and then 24．A．accurately B．independently C．accidentally D．randomly 25．A．philosophy B．distance C．nature D．life 26．A．analysis B．error C．change D．reflection 27．A．lead to B．serve as C．identify with D．lie in 28．A．problem B．consideration C．advantage D．perspective 29．A．abandon B．regain C．sharpen D．employ 30．A．barely B．wrongly C．partially D．completely 31．A．hollow B．straight C．thick D．bent 32．A．smell B．sight C．touch D．taste 33．A．size B．status C．age D．weight 34．A．scientific B．unusual C．reasonable D．horrifying 35．A．imaginary B．private C．contemporary D．outside四、阅读理解About a quarter of the world drives on the left, and the countries that do are mostly old British colonies like Australia, and Ireland. But Thailand, Indonesia and Japan have also developed this habit.This strange quirk (奇事) puzzles the rest of the world; however, there is a perfectly good reason. Up to the late 1700s, everybody travelled on the left side of the road because it’s the sensible option for violent, feudal (封建的) societies of mostly right-handed people. Soldiers with their swords under their right arms naturally passed on each other’s right. and if you passed a stranger on the road you walked on the left to ensure that your protective sword arm was between you and him.Revolutionary France, however, overturned this practice as part of its sweeping social rethink and thanks to Napoleon this change was carried out all over continental Europe. Because he was left handed, his armies had to march on the right so he could keep his sword arm between him and any opponent. From then on, any country colonised by the French took to driving on the right.After the American Revolutionary War (1775-1783), the US became independent and decided to make traffic drive on the right in order to cut all remaining links to its British colonial past. Once America became the centre of the car industry, if you wanted a good reliable vehicle, you bought American right-hand-drive. From then on many countries changed out of necessity.Today, the EU would like Britain to fall into line with the rest of Europe, but this is no longer-passible. It would cost billions of pounds to change everything round. The last European country to convert to driving on the right was Sweden in 1967. This ironically caused a reduction in car accidents, because everyone drove carefully, while getting used to the new system. 36．Why did people travel on the left before the late 18th century?A．They were required to do so.B．They were mostly left-handed.C．It was easier to cross the street.D．They could feel safer from attacks. 37．What was Napoleon’s attitude about walking on the left?A．Support.B．Disapproval.C．Doubt.D．Sympathy. 38．For Americans, driving on the right was a way to show ________.A．the connection with France was broken B．the US was no longer ruled by the UKC．the American Revolution War had ended D．America was the centre of the car industry 39．What is the main reason why UK will not adopt the European system?A．It would cost too much to change.B．Its increasing traffic accidents.C．Its influence on colonies.D．Its fast-developing car industry.Welcome to Lake Toba!Lake Toba is an extraordinary natural wonder of the world. This enormous lake consists of an island almost the size of Singapore In its center. It is the largest lake in Southeast Asia and one of the deepest lakes in the world.A Comforting EscapadeToba is a place to sit back, relax and absorb some beautiful scenery. As you sit and take in the view of the picturesque mountains that set against the cool clear lake, you will feel the worries of the world melt away.How to Get There●By AirMedan is an international gateway. A number of airlines fly daily between the Kualanamu Airport Medan and all major cities in Indonesia and international flights also go from Medan to Malaysia, Singapore, and Thailand.●By LandParapat, the town by Lake Toba, is 176 km away from Medan and can be reached in under 6 hours by public buses.Travel agents in. Medan can also organize a rental car plus a chauffeur (司机) for you. If you are coming from the south via Bukittinggi and Tarutung, there is a public bus available.●By WaterOnce you arrive in Parapat, you can catch the ferry to Samosir Island. The two landing points on Samosir are the traditional village of Tomok, or Tuk Tuk, where the island’s hotels and restaurants are concentrated.AttractionThere are many ways for you to enjoy Lake Toba’s breathtaking natural wonders. Manypeople said that kayaking in Lake Toba is a once-in-a-lifetime experience. Commonly, there are three routes that you can explore by paddling the kayak, which is Tongging-Sialahi (Easy), Tongging-Samosir (Medium), and Northern Circle (Demanding). You can also savor the cool breeze from around the lake by glamping (glamorous camping) on The Kaldera Nomadic Escape, burying yourself in nature without having to. bother with the common hassles (麻烦) of conventional camping. Moreover, you can also be pampered (精心护理) with its facilities such as Bohemian-style tents.Lake Toba is also home to two ethnic groups of Tomok and Simanindo. Located on the island of Samosir, the traditional village is protected by surrounding barriers of earthen ramparts (城墙) with bamboo fencing and trees. The village is also home to many unique and authentic traditional-houses, especially from Tomok, which consists of a row of massive wooden houses with impressive saddle-shaped straw roofs.Those of you who are looking for souvenirs might want to take a look at Ulos, a handmade textile which not only serves as clothing, but also is a significant status symbol.40．You can get to Parapat by ________ from Medan.A．catching a ferry B．renting a car C．taking the subway D．taking a plane 41．Peter is an athlete who enjoys challenging himself. Which paddling route would you recommend him to take?A．Northern Circle.B．Tongging-Samosir.C．Tongging-Silalahi.D．Tomok-Tongging.42．Which of the following statements is true?A．Lake Toba, about the size of Singapore, is the largest village in the in Southeast Asia.B．Ulos is the place you, should go to if you want to buy souvenirs.C．Camping on the Kaldera Nomadic Escape, you will find some Bohemian-style tents.D．There are many unique and traditional houses with bamboo roofs on Samosir.Most managers can identify the major trends of the day. But in the course of conducting research in a number of industries and working directly with companies, we have discovered that managers often fail to recognize the less obvious but profound ways these trends are influencing consumers’ aspirations, attitudes, and behaviors. This is especially true of trends that managersview as peripheral to their core markets. Experts from Harvard Business School give some advice to managers.One strategy, known as ‘infuse and augment’, is to design a product or service that keeps most of the attributes and functions of existing products in the category but adds others that address the needs and desires unleashed by a major trend. A case in point is the Poppy range of handbags, which the firm Coach created in response to the economic downturn of 2008. The Coach brand had been a symbol of wealth and luxury for nearly 70 years, and the most obvious reaction to the downturn would have been to lower prices. However, that would have risked cheapening the brand’s image. Instead, they initiated a consumer-research project which revealed that customers were eager to lift themselves and the country out of tough times. Using these insights, Coach launched the lower-priced Poppy handbags, which were in bright colors, and looked more youthful and playful than conventional Coach products. Creating the sub-brand allowed Coach to avoid an across-the-board price cut. In contrast to the many companies that responded to the recession by cutting prices, Coach saw the new consumer mindset as an opportunity for innovation and renewal.A more radical strategy is ‘combine and transcend’. This involves combining aspects of the product’s existing value proposition with attributes addressing changes arising from a trend, to create a novel experience - one that may land the company in an entirely new market space. At first glance, spending resources to incorporate elements of a seemingly irrelevant trend into one’s core offerings sounds like it’s hardly worthwhile. But consider Nike’s move to integrate the digital revolution into its reputation for high-performance athletic footwear. In 2006, they teamed up with technology company Apple to launch Nike+, a digital sports kit comprising a sensor that attaches to the running shoe and a wireless receiver that connects to the user’s iPod. By combining Nike’s original value proposition for amateur athletes with one for digital consumers, the Nike+ sports kit and web interface moved the company from a focus on athletic apparel to a new plane of engagement with its customers.Once you have gained perspective on how trend-related changes in consumer opinions and behaviors impact on your category, you can determine which of our innovation strategies to pursue. Trends -- technological, economic, environmental, social, or political — that affect how people perceive the world around them and shape what they expect from products and servicespresent firms with unique opportunities for growth.43．The underlined word “peripheral” in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to __________.A．marginal B．important C．subject D．relevant 44．According to the second paragraph, Coach was anxious to ________.A．follow what some of its competitors were doingB．maintain its prices throughout its rangeC．safeguard its reputation as a manufacturer of luxury goodsD．modify the entire look of its brand to suit the economic climate45．What does the writer suggest about Nike’s strategy?A．It was an extremely risky strategy at the time.B．it was a strategy that only a major company could afford to follow.C．It was the type of strategy that would not have been possible in the past.D．It was the kind of strategy that might appear to have few obvious benefits.46．The best title for the passage is probably ______.A．Knowing more about your customers B．Making the most of trendsC．Eyes on strategies D．Following the adviceHave We Reached Peak Fish?Seafood is a vital source of protein for more than 3.3 billion people. The UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) projects the need for a 15% increase in global fish consumption by 2030; its director-general, QU Dongyu, calls the growth of fisheries and aquaculture (水产养殖) “vital in our efforts to end global hunger and malnutrition”.There’s one big problem: the growth rate of the global wild-fish catch peaked in 1963 and stabilized in the 1990s. 47 When it comes to the wild-fish catch, we are most likely past “peak fish”.48 An assessment of 1,439 wild-fish populations found that 10% are on the brink of collapse. Another 45% are overfished and there isn’t enough information about the rest to know if the current fishing levels are sustainable. Over the past 50 years, the world has witnessed a massive decline in the health of its fisheries. Quite simply, we are removing fish from the ocean at a far greater rate than they can naturally replenish (补充).There are several reasons why ocean life faces such a serious health crisis, including marine pollution, especially hundreds of millions of tons of plastics; global heating affecting water temperature; and emissions of CO2 making the oceans 26% more acidic. 49So is aquaculture the solution to the potential seafood shortage?As it turns out, this answer is no. Aquaculture’s growth rate has been in decline since 1996. While the industry did experience rapid growth decades ago, its five-year moving average annual growth rate peaked at 14.1% in 1996 and is now at about 2%, according to a new study in Frontiers in Marine Science. 50 There are constraints (限制) on good places to site fish farms, a lack of high-quality water, struggles with cost and availability of food for the farmed species, disease and pest pressure, and the impact of the climate crisis and resulting weather variability.A．There is another, surprising reason: increasing human opposition to ocean-based fish farms. B．As well as peak fish, “peak aquaculture” might be just around the corner.C．It has been in slow decline the past few years.D．But overfishing, particularly bottom netting, which destroys corals and other habitat, is a major driver.E．Properly managed, the oceans could provide far more wild fish than today.F．Virtually all of the oceans are overfished, or at their maximum capacity.五、书面表达51．阅读下面短文，根据内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Fresh warning sounded on plastics problemWalk along any beach in the world, no matter how isolated, and you will see plastic of some kind washed up on the shoreline, (21) _________ (offer) a reminder of the reckless throwaway culture of the present-day world.Lately, a study (22) _________ (sound) a fresh warning on the damage caused to the marine ecosystem due to discarded plastic, which eventually has a bearing on human health due to the seafood we consume.In a paper (23) _________ (title) "A Growing Plastic Smog" published on March 8, 2023 in the peer-reviewed research journal Plos One, researchers called on governments around the world (24) _________ (take) sweeping action to address the "unprecedented plastic pollution" of the world's oceans.The plastics break down over time into minute particles that cannot be detected by the naked eye, but find their way into the marine ecosystem and into the seafood humans consume. No one knows for certain (25) _________ the long-term damage will be to marine life and humans, but the study placed much of the blame on the plastics industry for failing to recycle or design for recyclability. "(26) _________ eaten micro-plastics can severely damage an animal's internal tissues. Globally, we have reached a situation (27) _________ we can no longer ignore the plastic pollution pandemic that is infecting our oceans," he said."This research show us that beach cleanups and citizen science projects that focus on the environmental fate of plastics have little impact on solving the enormity of the plastic problem. Marcus Eriksen, lead author of the study, said in a statement that the findings were a "serious warning (28) _________ we must act now at a global scale." "We've found an alarming trend of rapid growth of micro-plastics in the global ocean since the millennium, which (29) _________ (expect) to reach over 170 trillion plastic particles," said Eriksen, adding that the rapid increase in micro-plastics across the world's oceans makes (30) _________ necessary to "bring in an age ofcorporate responsibility for the entire life of the things they make."Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Huizhou heritage comes to lifeA. hintsB. dominantC. orientedD. dulyE. rhymeF. featuringG. preservation H. inheritance I. symbolizes J. historically K. moralityIt was a natural choice for veteran Huang Yu, after serving in the army and owning a business in Hangzhou, Zhejiang province, for years, to go back to his hometown in Xidi village, Huangshan, Anhui province, in 2016. He took over the home-stay his parents opened when he was a middle school student.In 2000, Xidi and the nearby Hongcun village were declared World Heritage sites by UNESCO for their outstanding __31__ of rural architecture dating to the Ming (1368-1644) and Qing (1644-1911) dynasties. Now, walking along the blue-stone streets in Xidi or Hongcun, visitors can appreciate the distinctive Huizhou-style houses, __32__ white walls, dark tiles and layered horse-head gables, and feel like they are immersed in a traditional Chinese ink painting.This level of preservation could not be achieved without the participation of local residents. According to Huang, this awareness is not new. Since all streets and lanes in Xidi are paved with blue-stone, __33__ street dealers carrying goods on shoulder poles were forbidden from letting their poles touch the ground in order to protect the blue-stone.A local folk __34__ says: "One is not lucky to be born in Huizhou. At 13 or 14 he is kicked out of his hometown to make a living." It __35__ at the struggles once endured by the people of Huizhou. Toward the end of the Ming Dynasty, a group of Huizhou merchants became famous, trading in salt, wood and tea, and working as pawnbrokers（当铺老板）with a reputation for __36__ and honesty."Some folk customs have been maintained and newly __37__ toward tourism, offering glimpses into the lives of the ancient Huizhou people." These customs are revived as a demonstration for tourists, and to maintain the __38__ of traditional culture. Zhang Wangnan, director of the China Huizhou Culture Museum in Huangshan says "This __39__ the combinationof invisible with visible cultural heritage."He further suggests that the old Huizhou villages explore and find their own unique, marketable themes. "Each of them should find a __40__ local feature, whether it is tea, chrysanthemum or rapeseed flowers, and then make it the theme of the village, so that they can give full play to their distinctive cultural charm."III. Reading ComprehensionsSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage, there are four words or phrases marked A, B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.According to a survey conducted by for the China Youth Daily, 71.0 percent of the 1.538 people investigated said they watched short videos on a __41__ basis. 61.8 percent believed that long-term viewing of short videos could interfere with their normal social interactions; and 65.2 percent suggested that video platforms take immediate action to issue regular __42__ so that users could take a break.This appeal for external aids to help __43__ the addictive habit hints at the destructive hold short videos have on the majority -- many of them are not completely __44__ self-control in other circumstances.Another recent survey of teens found 65.6 percent of them have watched short videos, and 20 percent of them just couldn't stop watching.For as you click on those seemingly __45__ videos, your life will be thrown into a mindless spiral（螺旋）as we eagerly move from one piece to the next, each lasting 20 to 30 seconds, and are shocked, amused, and angry in rapid __46__.You never have a chance to get __47__, for you are always curious about what the next piece would be like, __48__ more. All that is needed is a slight twitching（抽动）of one of your fingers.Respondents do believe some videos could be useful by teaching you how to cook, how to apply make-up, practice wellness, or buy things. There was even an alleged（声称但未经证实的）telecom criminal publicizing his __49__ and daring the police to catch him in Dubai, according to him.It is shocking to realize that a published video itself would have __50__ acquired a degree of truth and enough to prevent all intentions and the need for checking, even __51__ such basic facts as the identity of the person who posted it.So it is natural that 36.7 percent of the respondents in the survey cited the issue of false and misleading content in short videos as an issue, and relevant authorities should have stepped in long ago to __52__ it.Yes, teen-only modes have been __53__ for some time, but it is so easy for children to avoid this. __54__, there is equal need for a mechanism to prevent adults from becoming addicted, especially by limiting the time they are allowed to view the videos. Thus, when 37.0 percent of the respondents said that, as far as viewing habits are concerned, parents should be a role model to prevent the imitation of teens. Maybe all parents should __55__ their mobile phones for a moment of self-reflection.41. A. regular B. personal C. social D. satisfied42. A. signals B. innovation C. alerts D. clues43. A. kick B. develop C. foster D. deprive44. A. with B. under C. through D. without45. A. attractive B. unharmful C. meaningful D. popular46. A. speed B. continuousness C. transition D. movement47. A. thrilled B. horrified C. bored D. delighted48. A. expecting B. growing C. addicting D. foreseeing49. A. competence B. identification C. enthusiasm D. willingness50. A. automatically B. consciously C. insanely D. likely51. A. ignoring B. predicting C. meditating D. regarding52. A. represent B. address C. interfere D. stress53. A. on schedule B. out of order C. in place D. in need54. A. In fact B. For example C. Therefore D. Instead55. A. focus on B. live without C. give way to D. put asideSection BDirections: Read the following two passage. Each passage is followed by several questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)When ten-year-old Reese Osterberg lost her Fresno County, California, home to one of the largest wildfires in state history early last fall, she had a very pressing concern: did anyone grab her baseball cards?No one had. With a houseful of kids and dogs and a farm's worth of horses to evacuate, the family forgot the cards during the stress. Naturally, the diehard（顽固的）San Francisco Giants and Little League supporter was upset. When she watched the Giants on TV, she would lay out each player's card on the floor in his corresponding field position. "I like baseball cards because they are pictures of people doing happy stuff -- doing what they love, and what I love." said Reese.Reese's loss touched the hearts of the Fresno County fire department, which posted her story on its Facebook page with a request to help Reese restore her baseball card collection. That, in turn, touched the heart of Kevin Ashford.Ashford knew exactly where Reese could find replacement cards: in his garage. He had more than 25,000 in his collection, with an exact value of 25,000 to 50,000. Ashford had been thinking about selling them when he saw the fire department's post. "I wasn't really doing anything with them," said Ashford, "I thought I could take care of this problem rather quickly."First volunteers transported the cards from Ashford's garage to theirs and then surprised Reese during a tour of the firehouse. Towers of Ashford's cards were piled in front of the fire engine. After thanking Ashford, Reese was quick to share the thousands of baseball cards she received from Ashford and donors around the country with other kids affected by California's Creek Fire.She's gotten so many, in fact, that she started Cards From Reese, an organization that collects cards and donates them to those in need. Reese is especially happy to part with Los Angeles Dodgers cards. As she explains it: "Go Giants!"56. Why did Reese lose her her baseball cards?A. She had a very large concern.B. The family forgot where Reese put the cards.C. Her house was burnt by the destructive fire.D. Someone from a houseful of kids took away her cards.57. What does the underlined word "evacuate" in Para 2 mean?A. fleeB. resettleC. raiseD. withdraw58. After Ashford saw the post, he _________.A. wanted to sell the cards to the department.B. transported the cards to the firehouseC. decided to donate his cards to ReeseD. prepared to sell his cards to Reese in his garage59. Reese established "Cards from Reese" in order to _________.A. Give cards to people in needB. share her passion for baseball with othersC. collect all her cards for some benefitsD. get help from the Fresno County Fire department(B)If you are coming to Bondi Beach, a suburb of Sydney, try to leave your car at home. Public transport in Sydney is pretty dismal but parking can be even more of a problem at thebeach.●Bus ServiceAll buses from the city start from Circular Quay and the ride to Bondi Beach takes 45 minutes. The bus may be numbered 380 or 333 with the destination showing North Bondi, Dover Heights, Watsons Bay or Bondi Beach. Together this is called "the 380 bus" and all buses go to Bondi Beach.●Other Bus AdventuresApart from the well-known 380, lots of other bus services wind their way through the back streets. Bus drivers, trying to be helpful, will not suggest any of these routes for fear your trip will take longer or you will become lost. But here are a few worth trying:The 389 bus runs every 10 minutes all day (20 minutes on Sundays and 30 min after 8pm daily) and goes through the historic back streets of Paddington, following the route of an oldtrolley car service. You will pass a whole street of coffee shops in East Sydney, past the gates of the DarlinghurstGaol, through streets lined with terrace houses（联排公寓）, then on to Bondi Junction. The 389 travels along GlenayrAenue at Bondi Beach which is a long block but a level walk to the beach.The 400 Bus goes to the University of NSW, The Prince of Wales Hospital, East-gardens and the Airport. This bus runs every five minutes on weekends and every 10 minutes on weekends. Service are less frequent after 7 pm and finish around 11pm. For shopperholics, the 400 takes you directly to the East-gardens Shopping Centre. Every 20 minutes a 400 bus continues on to the Domestic and International airport terminals.The 380 bus to Watsons Bay terminates at North Bondi, but some 380 buses continue on to Watsons Bay, which is a great excursion for tourists. At Watsons Bay there is famous lookout, great views of the harbour and the ocean, a hotel and several cafes, a 30-minute walk to South Head, other bus routes and even a ferry service back to Circular Quay.60. The underlined word "dismal" is closet to _________ in meaning.A. availableB. efficientC. fundamentalD. terrible61. "The 380 bus" is strongly recommended because _________.A. it goes directly to the destinationB. it is the safest bus lineC. it satisfies various appealsD. it provides best travel experience62. If you want to enjoy both ocean views and campus scenery, you'd better take _________.A. the 300 busB. the 380 busC. the 389 busD. the 400 bus(C)Humans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year. Almost half of that winds up in landfills（垃圾填埋场）, and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans. So far there is no effective way to get rid of it, but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms.Researchers is Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene（聚乙烯）, which accounts for 40% of plastics. The team left 100 wax worms on a commercial polythylene shopping bag for 12 hours, and the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams, or almost 3% of it. To confirm that the worms' chewing alonewas not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown, the researchers made some worms into paste （糊状物）and applied it to plastic films. 14 hours later the films had lost 13% of their mass -- apparently broken down by enzymes（酶）from the worms' stomachs. Their findings were published in Current Biology in 2017.Federica Bertocchini, co-author of the study, says the worms' ability to break down their everyday food -- beeswax -- also allows them to break down plastic. "Was is a complex mixture, but the basic bond in polyethylene, the carbon-carbon bond, is there as well," she explains, "The wax worm evolved a method or system to break this bond."Jennifer DeBruyn, a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee, who was not involved in the study, says it is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene. But compared with previous studies, she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting. The next step, DeBruyn says, will be to identify the cause of the breakdown. Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes（肠道微生物）?Bertocchini agrees and hopes her team's findings might one day help employ the enzyme to break down plastics in landfills. But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process -- not simply "millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic."63. What can we learn about the worms in the study?A. They take plastics as their everyday food.B. They are newly evolved creatures.C. They can consume plastics.D. They wind up in landfills.64. According to Jennifer DeBruyn, the next step of the study is to _________.A. identify other means of the breakdownB. find out the source of the enzymeC. confirm the research findingsD. increase the breakdown speed65. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the chemical might _________.A. help to raise wormsB. help make plastic bagsC. be used to clean the oceansD. be produced in factories in future66. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To explain a study method on worms.B. To introduce the diet of a special worms.C. To present a way to break down plastics.D. To propose new means to keep eco-balance.Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A. But the ultimate issue with the rankings doesn't lie in the cheaters.B. In fact, it can have the unacceptable effect of discouraging college from accepting morelow-income students, lest it worsen their graduation rates.C. For example, a much less expensive school might offer an equal or better education than amore highly ranked but costlier one.D. But many other factors used in ranking the schools still have little meaning to a student's experience.E. The most selective schools - Princeton, MIT and so forth - don't need ranking to boost their reputation or applicant pool.F. Even as they do so, the criticism of published college rankings that may have guided their preferences are increasing.College rankings are misleading. So why do we still use them?Many high school seniors have been opening emails over the past weeks that tell them whether they got into the colleges of their choice. _________67_________A math professor at Columbia University is challenging the data that the Ivy League school reported to U. S. News & World Report, which earned it the No. 2 ranking this year. A couple of weeks ago, in what must be the granddaddy of fake-data scandals, the fired dean of Temple University's business school received a 14-month sentence after he was convicted（定罪）in federal court of sending fake information to U. S. News & World Report to boost the school's prestige. Claremont McKenna College, The George Washington University and many other schools have also slightly changed data to boost rankings._________68_________ The problem is the rankings themselves. They can produce anopposite effect for families to pick schools. Probably few college applicants are aware that the single biggest factor U. S. News uses to rank schools is their reputation among officials at other colleges, who might or might not have deep knowledge of the schools. That accounts for 20% of the score.The second biggest factor is six-year graduation rates. But since low-income students are far less likely to graduate within that time period - or ever - than middle-class students, this is more an indication of student richness than academic excellence. _________69_________ U. S. News had made some positive changes in recent years. It dropped student acceptance rate as one of the criteria, which had led colleges to heavily market to students even if they had almost no chance of acceptance. _________70_________ The rankings use alumni donations as proxy（指标）for students' happiness with their school. That's a pretty shallow way to measure satisfaction.What most high school students and parents really need to know is whether a college offers a rich choice of courses with good instructors; whether graduates will leave with a load of debt; whether students will feel comfortable and engaged on campus; and whether they'll be prepared for a fulfilling career.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.71. To Be A Creative PersonWithout creative people, the world would be a terrible place. Can you imagine a life without art? The thought alone makes me tremble. Could you be the next William Shakespeare, Steven Spielberg, or J. K. Rowling?Creative types don't always get along well with management because they would rather march to the beat of their own drum. Most people have a strong desire to fit in, something that you don't understand. Following the rules makes you uncomfortable. While most people are running and hiding from problems, you purposely seek them because you love nothing more than a fresh new challenge.You wrote a blog many months ago and thought it was wonderful at the time you publishedit. But then you read it again later and wonder, "What on earth was I thinking?" You then identify approximately a thousand ways it could have been better and kick yourself for being so stupid. A brain lacking curiosity is not creative.Some writers go to a country house or beach to write novels for a reason. Some atmospheres are more helpful to creativity than others. Maybe you like to pack up your laptop and go to a coffee shop, downtown bench, or under a tree at the park. Whatever the case may be, you need to know where to go to develop your creativity.Inspiration doesn't happen on its own. Whether it is the opening of an art gallery, a theatrical production, or live music at a downtown bar, you search for inspiration wherever you can find it.It's nice to know you're not alone in your desire to create. Whether a person who hates you thinks your art is bad, a family member thinks you deserve a real job, or a friend thinks your ideas will never work, and you will never give in to outside pressure.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 72. “买一送一”是常见的促销手段，但赠品质量却往往不尽如人意。

2014上海杨浦、静安、宝⼭、青浦区⾼考英语⼆模试题（附答案）宝⼭区2013学年第⼆学期期中教学质量诊断测试⾼三英语学科试卷考⽣注意:1. 考试时间120分钟，试卷满分150分。

2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

试卷分为第Ⅰ卷（第1—10页）和第Ⅱ卷（第10页），全卷共10页。

第I卷第1-16⼩题、第41-77⼩题采⽤多项选择题形式，答案必须涂写在答题纸相应位置，写在试卷上⽆效。

第I 卷第17-40⼩题、第78-81⼩题和第II卷的试题，其答案必须写在答题纸相应位置，写在试卷上⽆效。

3．答题前，务必在答题纸上填写姓名、班级、学校和准考证号,并⽤铅笔在答题纸上正确涂写准考证号。

第I卷（共103分）Ⅰ. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. In a restaurant. B. In a hair salon.C. At a tailor’s shop.D. At the cinema.2. A. Reading for relaxation. B. Going to a tea house.C. Going skiing.D. Flying kites.3. A. Doctor and patient. B. Librarian and reader.C. Actor and actress.D. Waitress and customer.4. A. At 2:00. B. At 3:00. C. At 4:45. D. At 5:15.5. A. He’s capable of handling anything. B. He is a professional photographer.C. Cool weather makes perfect photos.D. The camera is easy to use.6. A. He has gone to visit his mother. B. He has asked for a sick leave.C. He has found a new job in Europe.D. He has done something wrong.7. A. They lived in the same neighbourhood. B. They went to the same college.C. He’s known Margie for a long time.D. It’s the first time he has met Margie.8. A. The nearest post office is next to the police station.B. The man is working in the office building.C. The man ought to get off at the next bus stop.D. The post office is two blocks away from the police station.9. A. He agrees on setting the bed.B. He wants to look for a place to live.C. He’d like to invite two friends to visit.D. He will change his phone number immediately.10. A. Both of them are sports fans.B. The man wants to buy a fan to cool down.C. There is a fan exhibition now.D. They’ll play a tennis game together.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Fewer than five minutes. B. Five to ten minutes.C. As long as possible.D. More than ten minutes.12. A. Fire your imagination.B. Get more economic profits.C. Show respect to the oldest family members.D. Recognize more family members.13. A. Make a welcome address. B. Create awards.C. Keep a family event memo.D. Print a Family Book.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. A student in Deep Spring College. B. An editor of a magazine.C. A politician.D. A professor.15. A. Developing farming in desert.B. Carrying out a long-term project.C. Getting youths ready to serve people.D. Helping students make $50,000 per year.16. A. To attend a teaching show.B. To interview the Student Body members.C. To bring new energy to the college.D. To apply for teacher vacancies in the college.Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Section ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)I have to say that my mom is stricter than most parents, and I’m the kind of kid who has a lot of my own thoughts.I used to think that she’s just a picky person that likes to make things more difficult for me, so we once sat down and talked face to face trying to clarify every misunderstanding we have (25)__________ us. I (26)__________ (convince) and decided to change my attitude towards her. My mom told me that as we grow, she’s also growing, too. Every day, she learns something new about being a mom, and her knowledge of becoming a good mom gradually grows.(27)__________ time passes by, I began to realize that most of her rules, or should I say “point of view”, are really to protect us. We teenagers often think that parents are conservative (保守的), and they know nothing about us, but honestly, we’re actually still too young (28)__________ (know) what’s really best for us.Parents can be wrong sometimes because nobody’s perfect, and they may be just like my mom who is still on her way to (29)__________ (be) a perfect parent! So, to those who often argue with their parents like me: next time, when you really disagree with (30)__________ your parents say, stop and tell yourself that your parents would never try to do(31)__________ to harm you because they love you before you yell at them.Finally, I really want my mom to know how sorry I am for always yelling at her breaking her heart. I really do want to change because I love her just as much as she loves me.(B)When I was in junior high school, darkness began filling my mind. I don’t know the day or the reason why it began. All I know is that I started feeling hopeless and worthless. I hid in my room, (32)__________ (stare) out of the window, thinking about all my failures. I even questioned (33)__________ being alive was worthwhile. My dark mood wasn’t constant. It would fade at times, but it always returned.It was my parents that helped me identify the shadow (34)__________ hung over my life —depression. Depression is (35)__________ mental illness that drains your energy and prevents you from enjoying life. It can keep you from succeeding at school or work or from connecting with others. At its (36)__________ (bad), depression can even lead to suicide.When your mood is dark, how do you know whether you are depressed or just sad? Think about how long the feelings (37)__________ (last). If they have persisted for weeks or months, get help.No one (38)__________ face depression alone. If you’re depressed, find someone —a friend, parent, teacher or pastor —and tell them your feelings. Consider seeing a doctor or psychologist, if they are getting worse.When I was depressed, I was (39)__________ (embarrass) to tell anyone. I didn’t want to seem weak or needy. But when Itold my friends, they supported and encouraged me.In fact, (40)__________ depression affects many people worldwide, treatments areavailable and can bring hope and joy back into their life.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Americans know the benefits of having a healthy diet. In school, children learn to eat a variety of healthy foods. People grow up aware of the value of __41__ calories. They hear about the health dangers of chemicals added to __42__ food. They realize they shouldn’t eat too many sweets or fats. Many American consumers read __43__ carefully for nutrition information. That way they can compare products and eat the best foods.Keeping fit — or maybe getting in shape —is often high on the list of New Year’s resolutions for Americans. In the past two decades, fitness has become a fashion. Many Americans have joined health clubs to work out with __44__ equipment. Sports stores sell sports shoes and clothing for every possible exercise __45__. People can even buy weights and equipment and set up their own exercise center at home!Statistics give health experts good reason to be disappointed. Americans exercise less than they used to. The number of people taking part in fitness activities __46__ from 41.7 million in 1991 to only 32 million in 1993. Among high school students, only 37 percent __47__ three times per week. However, 70 percent of teenagers watch at least an hour of TV every day, and 38 percent watch over three hours. As a result, the __48__ American gained eight pounds during the 1980’s. At least one-third of Americans weigh 20 percent more than their ideal weight.Still, by many __49__, Americans enjoy good health. Medical care in the United States, while expensive, is among the best in the world. The U.S. Government __50__ strict food inspections to ensure that food is of the highest quality. Food producers must label products accurately. Many resources, such as magazines, TV programs and even the Internet, allow people to find out how to improve their health. Americans know how to make themselves more healthy. They just need to do it.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.As anyone who has tried to lose weight knows, realistic goal-setting generally produces the best results. That is partially__51__ it appears people who set realistic goals actually work more efficiently, and make more effort, to achieve those goals. What is far less understood by scientists, __52__, are the potentially harmful effects of goal-setting.Newspapers relay（转发）accounts of goal-setting in industries and businesses up and down both Wall Street and Main Street, yet there has been __53__ little research on how the practice of setting goals may have __54__ to the current economic crisis, and unethical (不道德) behavior in general.“Goals are widely used and promoted as having really beneficial effects. And yet, the same__55__ that can push people to make more effort in a constructive way could also motivate people to be more likely to__56__ unethical behaviors,” says Maurice Schweitzer, an associate professor at Penn’s Wharton School.“It turns out there’s no economic benefit to just having a goal — you just get a psychological benefit.” Schweitzer says. “But in many cases, goals have economic __57__ that make them more powerful.”A prime example Schweitzer and his colleagues mention is the 2004 __58__ of energy-trading giant Enron, where managers used financial encouragements to motivate salesmen to __59__ specific profit goals. The problem, Schweitzer says, is the actual trades were not __60__.Other studies have shown that __61__ employees with unrealistic goals can force them to lie, cheat or steal. Such was the case in the early 1990s when Sears __62__ a sales quota (配额) on its auto repair staff. It promoted employees to impose for work and to __63__ unnecessary repairs on a companywide basis.Schweitzer admits his research runs counter to (违背) a very large body of literature that __64__ the many benefits of goal-setting. Advocates of the practice have argued with his team’s use of such __65__ as news accounts to support his conclusion that goal-setting is widely over-recommended.51. A. though B. unless C. when D. because52. A. moreover B. furthermore C. however D. otherwise53. A. surprisingly B. generally C. particularly D. potentially54. A. objected B. contributed C. opposed D. tailored55. A. definition B. appreciation C. motivation D. expression56. A. engage in B. add to C. show off D. turn on57. A. risks B. problems C. expenses D. rewards58. A. claim B. collapse C. composition D. construction59. A. need B. meet C. kneel D. feel60. A. comfortable B. changeable C. favorable D. profitable61. A. tiring B. burdening C. inspiring D. leading62. A. overtake B. overlook C. overcharge D. overflow63. A. blame B. discover C. complete D. direct64. A. praises B. denies C. neglects D. excludes65. A. problem B. factor C. purpose D. evidenceSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)The owner of an Al abama Chinese restaurant named “Good Friend” shot at a customer who complained about a bug in her egg roll Thursday night. The bullet narrowly missed 20-year-old Birmingham resident Jatari Walker who told the Daily News she is scarred by the entire experience.“I can’t sleep,” she said Saturday afternoon. “And since it happened I’ve had no appetite.”Walker ordered a combination platter（⼤浅盘）and egg roll from the Good Friend Chinese and Seafood Restaurant on Dennison Ave. Thursday evening. After paying her $7 bill she went back to her car and discovered a fly inside. “I thought I need to take this back,” she said.The customer went back and asked for a repayment and said the owner Chun Hin Ching, 52, was unhappy with her because she announced her discovery in front of other customers. After an argument he repaid the money and Walker — who is now a former frequent customer of the business — turned and walked to the exit.That’s when Ching drew a handgun and fired a single shot over her head.“He just shot the gun at me and I ran,” she said, adding she could feel the bullet whiz past her head.Birmingham Police Department spokesman Lt. Sean Edwards told the News the owner was charged with attempted murder and was transported to Jefferson County Jail on $100,000 bail （保释⾦）.Police believe Ching intended to hit Walker with the bullet and missed, Edwards said. The bullet hit the top of the door frame of the take-out business.Ching did not tell police why he fired at Walker, Edwards said.Edwards said he did not recall any previous problems at the business. He said Ching did not say why he had a weapon butadded it was not uncommon for stores in that neighborhood.No one was injured from the gunshot, Edwards said.Calls placed to the restaurant Saturday afternoon were not answered.66. What happened on Thursday night in Good Friend Chinese and Seafood Restaurant?A. A fire broke out but luckily no one was injured.B. The restaurant owner refused to repay the money.C. The egg rolls caused sickness among some customers.D. A young woman narrowly escaped being killed by a bullet.67. Why did Walker go back to the restaurant after buying the food?A. Because she left her car key in the restaurant.B. Because she discovered a fly in the egg roll.C. Because she forgot to take the combination platter.D. Because she found the owner charged her too much.68. The restaurant owner fired on Walker when ______.A. she was about to leaveB. she was arguing with himC. she asked for a repaymentD. she announced her discovery69. We can learn from the passage that ______.A. this is the first time for Walker to buy food from Good Friend RestaurantB. the owner was unhappy with the complaint and refused to repay the moneyC. it is common for a restaurant owner in that neighborhood to have a weaponD. if someone had been hit, Ching’d have been charged with attempted murder(B)Kompong Phhluk Private TourDepart the city for an unspoiled floating community calledKompong Phhluk which is astonishing for its stilted-house villages andflooded forest.Stop on the way for the Rolous Market tour. This is a great chancefor you to take the photos of locals selling vegetables, different fishspecies and other local produce.After this market tour we’ll all have a boat tr ip to the floatingcommunity of Kompong Phhluk, visit an island pagoda, school andhouses standing on 8 or 10m high stilts, fish farms and learn about thevillage life.Stop and have lunch in a family’s house before getting into a row boat and venturing into the flooded forest, the habitat to some famous water-bird species.Eventually we jump back into the big boat and set off for the largest fresh water lake in SE Asia, Tonle Sap.Tour Details·Departs 8.30am·Returns around 2pm·A picnic lunch with sandwiches and drinks is provided. We cannot provide local food from the area due to poor sanitation, lack of hygiene standards and refrigeration.·No passes requiredRates·These rates are based on an English speaking guide.·Rates include all transport, water and a picnic lunch.·Children 11 years and under are 50%.·Children 4 years and below are free.·If your group is larger than 5 people please email us for the best rate.Number of People Price Per Person1 Person $652 People $453 People $404 People $355 People $32What to Wear·Please be mindful of your clothing and try to avoid anything too revealing.·We strongly recommend a sunglasses, hat and sunscreen.General Informatio n·This is a poor rural village, please be mindful of the environment.·Please do not hand things out to villagers, for this contributes to creating a begging cycleand can create jealousy.·We recommend heading to the toilet before you go on this trip as facilities are very basic.70. Kompong Phhluk is famous for its ______.A. local vegetables and different fish speciesB. stilted-house villages and flooded forestC. Rolous Market and island pagodaD. water-bird habitat and fish farms71. A private trip for two parents and a 3-year-old boy costs ______.A. $40B. $80C. $90D. $12072. Which of the following is not included in the rates?A. A tourist guide.B. Transport.C. Drinks.D. Local food.73. We can conclude from the passage that ______.A. the living standard in the village is quite lowB. the tourist facilities along the way are quite goodC. revealing clothes are appropriate in the hot weatherD. giving local children small gifts is strongly recommended(C)People are more likely to lie or cheat during the afternoon because self control reduces during the day, according to researchers.Volunteers taking part in two experiments where they could benefit by cheating were more likely to do so if the tests took place after midday, researchers found.The findings back up previous studies which have shown that our capacity for self-control declines during the day, due to tiredness and repeatedly making decisions.Psychologists from Harvard University first showed a group of volunteers various patterns of dots on a computer screen, asking them to decide whether there were more dots on the left or the right hand side.Instead of being rewarded for getting the answer right, the participants were paid based on which side they chose, earning ten times as much for choosing the right hand side as the left.People who were tested after midday were significantly more likely to select the right hand side, even if there were clearly more dots on the left, than those who took part during the morning.In a second test, participants were shown a series of word fragments, such as “—ral” and “e—c—” and asked which words they associated with them.In morning experiments, participants were more likely to form the words “moral”and “ethical” while during the afternoon the words “coral” and “effects” were most common.Further tests conducted online showed that people were more likely to send dishonest messages or claim to have solved an unsolvable problem in the afternoon than in the morning.Writing the Psychological Science journal, the researchers said the difference was particularly pronounced in people with higher ethical standards, who always behaved morally during the morning but slipped during the afternoon.In contrast, those who were able to “morally disengage”, or behave unethically without feeling guilty, tended to cheat whatever the time of day.Dr. Maryam Kouchaki, one of the lead authors, said: “Unfortunately, the most honest people, such as those less likely to morally disengage, may be the most susceptible (易受影响的) to the negative consequences associated with the morning morality effect.”The findings could be relevant to organizations that should be more alert about the behavior of customers and employees during the afternoon, she added. “Our findings suggest that mere time of day can lead to a systematic failure of good people to act morally.”74. Volunteers can get more money when they ______.A. gave the correct answerB. chose the right hand sideC. chose the left hand sideD. remembered the patterns of dots75. Why are participants less likely to form words like “ethical”, “moral” in the afternoon?A. Because their vocabulary becomes smaller.B. Because they are unwilling to tell the truth.C. Because the words are the voice of their heart.D. Because self control declines after midday.76. The underlined word “pronounced” ( in paragraph 10 ) is closest in meaning to ______.A. dominatedB. announcedC. markedD. exposed77. Which of the following statements is TRUE?A. The finding especially applies to those who behave ethically.B. Mere time of day can lead to systematic failure of organizations.C. The finding doesn’t agree with that of previous studies.D. People who act morally feel guilty after telling a lie.Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Not for the first time, Paul Mathis wants us to change. But this time he isn’t trying to get us to go vegetarian, or dine only on locally grown ingredients. This time he’s trying to get us to type differently.Paul Mathis, a restaurateur from Melbourne who owns a string of dining establishments, has designed the letter “?”—representing the word “the”. Now he is pushing Apple to allow him to promote his app, which features the new character, in its iTunes store.In a move to branch out of the food business, Paul has invested AUS $38,000 (￡23,500) in the new app, but has so far been rejected by Apple. He is hoping he can change their mind, pointing out that reducing the word “the”— the most used word in the English language — to one character would be helpful for Twitter and swift typing.“Is this important?” he said, in an interview with The Sydney Morning Herald. “No. Is this going to change the world? Not really. But is it something that might be useful for people? I think so, because it can save people lots of time on keyboard.”“The word ‘and’ is only the fifth-most used word in English and it has its own symbol — the ampersand ‘&’,” said Mr. Mathis.“Isn’t it time we gave the same respect to ‘the’?”The top five most commonly used words in the English language are said to be: the, be, to, of, and “and”. The ampersand “&”has at times been used as the 27th letter of the Englishalphabet.Paul has developed the typography — effectively an upper-case “T” and a lower-case “h”bunched together so they share the upright stem —and an app that puts it in everyone’s hand by allowing users to download an entirely new electronic keyboard complete not just with his symbol but also a row of keys of 15 most frequently typed words.So far, though, the take-up has been minimal. But that might change if he can get his innovation into Apple’s app store. The problem is, the Californian tech giant has so far resisted his advances. But who knows —maybe in 500 years’ time people will be amazed that there was a time when we didn’t use ‘?’.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TWELVE WORDS) 78. What is Paul Mathis? __________________________________________________________________________ 79. Paul designs the new letter “?”to represent the word “the”because he thinks__________________________________________________________________________.80. The main difference between the new and the old electronic keyboard is that the new one__________________________________________________________________________.81. How can Paul attract more people to download his new keyboard?__________________________________________________________________________第II卷（共47分）I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 不管你相信不相信，善于倾听并采纳别⼈的意见是明智的。

上海市宝山区吴淞中学2013-2014学年高二上期末考试英语试题Ⅰ．Listening comprehension:（30分）Section A: Short conversationsDirections:In section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers in your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1． A．In a restaurant. B．At a supermarket.C．At a seafood stall D．In a fish shop2． A．Librarian and student. B．Operator and caller.C．Boss and secretary. D．Customer and salesman.3． A．To mail the box to her. B．To take care of her house.C．To collect her letters. D．To fix her mailbox.4． A．It was tiring. B．It cost much less.C．It took less time. D．It was uncomfortable.5． A．By eating fruit and vegetables. B．By going on a diet.C．By doing physical exercise. D．By having less food.6． A．Read the notice on the window. B．Go and ask the staff.C．Board the train to Dalian. D．Get a new train schedule. 7． A．He is an experienced sales manager. B．He is being interviewed for a job.C．He is a close friend of the woman’s. D．He is good at answering questions.8． A．The man takes his privacy into consideration first.B．The man is uncertain if he can find a better place.C．The man will rent a better dormitory to live in.D．The man is unlikely to move out of the dormitory.9． A．He fell asleep in the middle of the program.B．He went out in the middle of the program.C．He didn’t wish to watch the performance.D．He enjoyed watching other performance.10．A．He owned a piece of land in the downtown area.B．He has got enough money to buy a house.C．He can finally do what he has dreamed ofD．He is going to move into a bigger apartment.Section B: PassagesDirections: In section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers in your paper, and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Question 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11．A．They have spent more time on space travel than on medicine.B．There are too many kinds of cold viruses for them to identify.C．It is not economical to find a cure for each type of cold.D．They believe people can recover without any treatment.12．A．They reveal the seriousness of the problem.B．They indicate how fast the virus spreads.C．They tell us what kind of medicine to take.D．They show our body is fighting the virus.13．A．It does harm rather than good to us. B．It helps us to recover much sooner.C．It works better with other therapies. D．It damages some organs of our body.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14．A．To satisfy the needs of their family. B．To fully realize their potential.C．To make money for early retirement. D．To gain a sense of satisfaction. 15．A．They may have fewer job opportunities.B．They may regret the time they wasted.C．They may have nobody to rely on in the future.D．They may have to work for living at an old age.16．A．To make wise use of money and enjoy life.B．To work hard with a clear goal in life.C．To pursue highly-paid and demanding careers.D．To save money for our retirement.Section C: Longer ConversationsDirections: In section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you will be required to fulfill the task by filling in the numbered blanks with information you have heard.Ⅱ．Grammar and Vocabulary（26分）Section ADirections: Complete the passages by filling the blanks with proper words.( A )The idea of reading online (25)____________ ( take ) on a whole new meaning recently as a lending library has opened on Line2 of Shanghai’s metro. This “underground”library allows subway riders (26)___________ ( choose ) a book at one station and leave it at another station when they’ve finished reading it. And the service is free!The idea is to encourage more people to read books and to make better use(27)________ their time while they ride back and forth to work. So far, it’s been(28)________ great success with most people returning the books and also leavinga one yuan donation which is used for charity.Shanghai’s underground library is an example of“guerilla libraries”(流动图书馆)which have been springing up all over the world. Unlike a traditional library, a guerilla library is usually set up by individuals (29)________ want to connect people of similar interests within a community. It may be a few shelves of books set up on the corner in a neighborhood, or just a book left in a coffee shop with instructions inside to pass the book along after it’s read.(30)_________ _________ the guerilla library movement, e-books have taken the passion out of reading. They say people are losing out on the very emotion (31)_________ comes with holding a real book in their hands and also the satisfaction that comes with sharing a book with another person.( B )At a time (32)________ other phone makers (33)________ ( try ) to make their devices do more, Nokia has decided to take a step back and make a phone that does less. Last month, the Finnish company introduced the Nokia1050, a phone that allows users to make calls and to text, and that’s all!The two big (34)________ (sell ) points for the Nokia1050 are its cheap price (162 yuan) and its long battery life (35 days, if left on stand -by). Compare thatto most smart phones which have an average price of 3,000yuan and a battery lifeof just a few hours when playing videos or downloading. Nokia thinks people who already own a smart phone will buy the1050 and (35)________ use it as a backup in case their smart phone conks out (出故障).(36)_________ “simple”over “smart”will be successful remains to be seen,but there is no doubt that smart phones are most consumers’first choice. New Relic,a media research company, reports that 1.3million Android devices are activated (激活) every day and by the end of the year an estimated1.82 billion smart phones willbe in use worldwide. New Relic also says that once someone buys a smart phone, it becomes (37)_________ equals a central part of his or her life. The average user checks his phone 150 times at day--an average of once every six-and-a-half minutes! That last statistic doesn’t surprise me. As a teacher, I see students reaching for (38)________ smart phones constantly. It’s almost an addiction and it impacts their study and their social behaviour. I would be dreaming, however, if students would dump their smart phones for the (39)_________ ( practical ) and less intrusive Nokia1050. For the “post90s ”generation, QQ, Renren and Weixin are as essentialas the air they breathe and staying (40)________ ( connect ) is more important than mere communication.Section BDirections: Complete the passage by choosing the proper words or phrases in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.When discussing the causes of animal endangerment, it is important to understandthat individual species are not the only factors 41 in this difficult situation. Endangerment is a broad 42 , one that involves the habitats and environment where species live and 43 with one another. Although some measures are being taken to help 44 cases of endangerment, the 45 problem cannot be solved until the natural environments where endangered specieslive are protected by humans. There are many reasons why a particular species may become endangered, but habitat destruction is on top.Our planet is continually changing, causing habitats to be changed and 46 . Natural changes tend to occur at a gradual pace, usually causing only a slight impact on individual species. However, when changes occur at a fast pace, there islittle or no time for individual species to 47 and adapt to new circumstances.This can create disastrous results, and for this reason, rapid habitat loss is the 48 cause of species endangerment. The strongest forces in rapid habitat lossare human beings. Nearly every region of the earth has been affected by human activities, 49 during this past century. The loss of microbes (微生物) in soils that 50 supported tropical forests, the extinction of fish and various aquatic(水族的) species in polluted habitats, and changes in global climate brought about by the released greenhouse gases are all results of human activities. It canbe difficult for an individual to recognize the effects on individual species and habitats, especially during a human lifetime. But it is quite obvious that human activities have greatly contributed to species endangerment.Ⅲ．Reading Comprehension（47分）Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.According to Greek legend, in ancient Athens a man noticed the great storyteller Aesop playing childish games with some little boys. He laughed and made fun of Aesop, asking him why he wasted his time in such 51 games.Aesop responded by 52 a bow, loosening its string, and placing it onthe ground. Then he said to the critical man, “Now, 53 the riddle (迷),if you can. Tell us what the unstrung bow means.”The man looked at it for several minutes but had no idea about what 54 Aesop was trying to make. Aesop 55 ,“If you keep a bow always bent, it will break finally; but if you let it go loose, it will be more 56 for use when you want it.”So it is with us. Our minds and bodies are like the 57 .When often underthe 58 of everyday life, we can finally break .We need to loosen up; we needtime to take the pressure off and relax.Former baseball pitcher(投球手) Dutch Leonard might have put it a little differently. He once said that the 59 of great pitching is not speed or the ability to throw curves(曲线球). It’s the “change of pace”. Even the 60 batter(击球手) will soon learn how to hit a pitcher who continually throws the samekind of pitch. But it’s 61 to hit a pitcher who changes the pace of pitching. That 62 of pace gives a pitcher an advantage over the other pitchers.A change of pace also gives us a(n) 63 in life. Taking time to watch the clouds, enjoy a breeze, take a walk, read just slowdown is 64 if we are to be our best later. And a regular day of rest is as important as regular sleep. It’s a 65 of taking the pressure off.To be your best, make sure you change your pace. It may just be the change you need.51. A. wise B. bright C. foolish D. false52. A. picking up B. throwing away C. making up D. putting down53. A. make B. answer C. follow D. ask54. A. point B. legend C. idea D. plan55. A. answered B. replied C. explained D. called56. A. possible B. careful C. hopeful D. fit57. A. string B. bow C. riddle D. activity58. A. routine B. control C. pressure D. pain59. A. secret B. solution C. ability D. method60. A. great B. successful C. average D. smart61. A. easy B. hard C. likely D. usual62. A. kind B. game C. change D. speed63. A. advantage B. road C. bottom D. center64. A. convenient B. necessary C. acceptable D. reasonable65. A. trick B. result C. beginning D. waySection BDirections: Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.（ A ）The Last Supper is regarded as one of the supreme masterpieces in the whole field of pictorial art. Tradition has it that Leonardo Da Vinci worked for ten years upon the painting, the monks in the church annoyed at the delay. It was said that Leonardo often painted continuously from dawn to night without eating his meals. But at other times he spent hours before the picture, lost in contemplation, examining, comparing, and measuring his figures.This inactivity aroused the anger of the fussy Prior, the head of the church, who belonged to the large group of those who believed that the busier a man seems, the more he accomplishes; and so he tried to find fault with the idle painter. Leonardo was slightly unhappy and explained to somebody else that there is a great difference between the work of the creative artist and the stonemason. The creative artist needs time for contemplation; he may be busiest when his hands are idlest. Just now he needed two heads to complete the picture: that of Christ, for which no model on earth could be found, for where was the man to be found whose face would express the strength, and beauty, and tenderness, and deep sorrow of the Christ; then he also needed a head of Judas, and that was hard to find as well,for where was the man whose face could express the meanness of that base traitor. But he would look no further; if none came his way, he would be satisfied to take Prior as a model for Judas. This threat silenced the angry Prior, who quite naturally had no desire to pass to descendants in such a fashion.66. Why did the Prior complain about the delay?A. Because he thought that the painter idled most of the hours.B. Because he knew that genius might be busiest when seemingly idlest.C. Because he liked the work of a stonemasonD. Because he was eager to be taken as a model for Judas.67. What does “ contemplation ” in the last sentence of Paragraph 1 mean?A. possibilityB. intentionC. deep thoughtD. expectation68. Which of the following is true?A. The painter was pleased with the Prior’s complaint.B. The Prior was angry because he thought the painter did not work hard.C. The painter took one of the monks as a model for Christ.D. The painter took one of the monks as a model for Judas.( B )Although the U.S. is so big and its people have so many different ethnic (racial) backgrounds, it is in some ways less varied than Europe. The English language is used almost everywhere in its American form. The American way of speaking has developed independently of England and is on the whole closer to what can be heard in Ireland.American instance of uniformity（一致性） is in habits and ways of living. From Boston to Los Angelese it is as far as from France to Central Asia, and from east to west there are five time zones; but everywhere people get up and go to bed at about the same time, eat the same kind of food, buy in the same kind of shops, work and rest at the same times of the day and have the same pattern of holidays. In most of the things that matter there is less difference between rich people and ordinary people, or between town and country, than in any single European nation.Although the United States covers so much land and the land produces far more food than the present population needs, its people are by now almost entirely an urban society. Less than a tenth of the people are engaged in agriculture, and most of the rest live in or around towns, large and small. Here the traditional picture is changing; most Americans do not live in small towns any more. Half the population now live in some thirty metropolitan areas.The fact that the United states has always been a single economic unit has contributed to uniformity. Modern industry favors large organizations, and it is no accident that the world’s biggest commercial firms are American.The people can choose between the products of competing manufacturers, but the products are all much alike.70. In describing the uniformity in the U.S. the author does not mention thatA. the American people get up and go to work at the same time.B. the American people spend their holidays in the same pattern.C. the American people buy and eat the same kind of food.D. the American people have more or less the same income.71. What can we learn from the passage about the U.S. agriculture?A. The American farmers need more land than before.B. More and more Americans are interested in farming.C. It is quite modernized.D. It is now going backward.72. What is the feature of the U.S. modern industry according to the last paragraph?A. The production scale and the organizational scale are very big.B. It is a single economic unit that manufactures the same kind of products.C. There are more and more competing manufacturers.D. There are always a variety of products to choose from.73. What does “most of the things” in the sentence “In most of the things thatmatter, there is less difference between rich people and ordinary people” refer to?A. food, clothing and houses.B. Cars, computers and TV sets.C. Their wealth and income.D. Land, housing and bank savings.( C )Everyone has heard of the San Andreas fault（断层）, which constantly threatens California and the West Coast with earthquakes. But how many people know about the equally serious New Madrid fault in Missouri?Between December of 1811 and February of 1812, three major earthquakes occurred, all centered around the town of New Madrid, Missouri, on the Mississippi River. Property damage was severe. Buildings were almost all destroyed. Whole forests fell at once, and huge cracks opened in the ground.The Mississippi River completely changed character, developing sudden fast-moving currents. Several times it changed its course, and once it appeared to run backwards. Few people were killed in the New Madrid earthquake, simply because few people lived in this area in 1811; but the severity of the quake is shown by the fact that the shock waves rang bells in church towers in Charleston, South Carolina, on the coast. Buildings shook in New York city, and clocks were stopped in Washington, D.C.Scientists now know that America’s two major faults are different. The San Andreas fault is a horizontal boundary between two major land masses that are slowly moving in opposite directions. California earthquakes result when the movement of these two masses suddenly leans forward.The New Madrid fault, on the other hand, is a vertical（垂直的）fault; at some point, millions of years ago, rock was pushed up toward the surface, probably by volcanoes under the surface. Suddenly, the volcanoes cooled and the rock collapsed, leaving huge cracks. Even now, the rock continues to settle downwards, and sudden sinking motions start earthquakes in the region. The fault itself, a large crack in this layer of rock, with dozens of other cracks that split off from it, extends from northeast Arkansas through Missouri and into southern Illinois.Scientists who have studied the New Madrid fault say there have been numerous smaller quakes in the area since 1811; these smaller quakes indicate large ones are probably coming, but the scientists say they have no method of predicting when it will occur.74. The New Madrid fault is ______________________.A. responsible for forming the Mississippi RiverB. a fault in the flat positionC. a worse fault than the San Andreas faultD. a fault caused by rocks moving directly upward75. Which of the following is NOT true about the New Madrid fault?A. Not many people were killed in the quakes in 1811.B. The quakes stopped the clocks in Washington, D.C.C. Bells were rung in church towers in Charleston to inform the coming quakes.D. The quakes were caused by sudden sinking motion.76. It can be concluded from the passage that ____________________.A. it is probably as dangerous to live in Missouri as in California.B. the New Madrid fault will eventually develop a mountain range in MissouriC. in the future California will become an islandD. California will be broken into small pieces by an eventual earthquakeSection CDirection: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words. Please write your answers on your Answer Sheet.Tens of thousands of theatre tickets will be given away to young people next year as part of a government campaign to inspire a lifelong love for theatres. The plan to offer free seats to people aged between 18 to 26 --- funded with 2.5 million of taxpayers’ money--- was announced yesterday by Andy Burnham, the Culture Secretary. It received a cautious welcome from some in the arts world, who expressed concern that the tickets may not reach the most underprivileged.The plan comes as West End theatres are enjoying record audiences, thanks largely to musicals teaming up with television talent shows. Attendances reached 13.6 million in2007, up 10 percent on 2006, itself a record year. Total sales were up 18 percent on2006 to almost £470 million.One theatre source criticized the Government’s priorities in funding free tickets when pensioners were struggling to buy food and fuel, saying, “I don’t know why the Government’s wasting money on this. The Yong Vic, as The Times reported today, offers excellent performances at cheap prices.”There was praise for the Government’s plan from Dominic Cooke of the Royal Court Theatre, who said, “I support any move to get young people just into theatre, and especially one that aims to do it all over England, not just in London.”Ninety-five publicly funded theatres could apply for funding under the two-year plan. In return, they will offer free tickets on at least one day each week to 18 to 26-year-olds, first-come, first-served. It is likely to be on Mondays, traditionally a quiet night for the theatre.Mr. Burnham said, “A young person attending the theatre can find it an exciting experience, and be inspired to explore a new world. But sometimes people miss out on it because they fear it’s ‘not for them’. It’s time to change this perception.”Jeremy Hunt, the Shadow Culture Secretary, said, “The real issue is not getting enthusiastic children into the theatre, but improving arts education so that more young people want to go in the first place. For too many children theatres are a no-go area.”(Note: Answer the questions and complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS. )78. Critics of the plan argued that ___________________________________________.79. According to the supporters, whom should the plan involve?_______________________________________________________________________.80. What can we infer from the passage?_______________________________________________________________________.81. According to the passage, what is the real purpose of the plan?_______________________________________________________________________.第Ⅱ卷（共47分）吴淞中学2015届高二第一学期期终考试英语试题答案41—50D I A G B H K CE J（注：文档可能无法思考全面，请浏览后下载，供参考。

I. Listening Comprehension （30分）Part A Short ConversationsDirections：In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. This afternoon B. Tomorrow C. Next month D. Next week2. A. Tidy up the place B. Get more food and drinksC. Hold a partyD. Ask his friend to come over3. A. Call a repairman B. Get out the paper stuckC. Turn to her colleague for helpD. Restart the machine4. A. She is sorry the man will not come. B. She will ask David to talk less.C. She has to invite David to the party.D. She will meet the man halfway.5. A. 25 minutes B. 15 minutes C. 20 minutes D. 30 minutes6. A. Relieved B. Worried C. Confused D. Depressed7. A. By bus B. By underground C. On foot D. By bicycle8. A. She will drive the man to the supermarket.B. The man needn’t go shopping every week.C. The man should buy a car of his own.D. She can pick the man up at the grocery.9. A. The first-round talks should start as soon as possible.B. He should change his schedule to meet John Smith.C. The talks can be held any day except this Friday.D. The woman should contact John Smith first.10. A. He lost his way. B. He received a traffic ticket.C. He worked very carefully.D. He drove in heavy traffic.Part B PassagesDirections：In Part B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. .When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. One B. Two C. Three D. Four12. A. Auditory learners B. Hands-on learners C.Self-teaching learners D. Visual learners13. A. One should find his or her own learning style.B. Make full preparations for the lessons to be taught.C. Use a tape recorder instead of taking detailed notes.D. Organize notes with charts and pictures.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. To inform parents and schools B. To pick out good studentsC. To compare teachersD. To expose poor schools15. A. They have no trust in doctors. B. They can’t afford the medical fee.C. They fear things like injections.D. They doubt the medical treatment.16. A. Teachers’ difficult life B. Harm of divorce to familiesC. Ways to become loveable kidsD. Kids’ attention-seeking behaviour Part C Longer ConversationsDirections：In Part C, you will hear two longer conversations. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.II. Reading Section A （16分）Directions：Read the following two passages. Fill in each blank with one proper word or the proper form of the given word to make the passage coherent. Make sure that your answers are grammatically correct.AWhen I was 8 years old, I once decided to run away from home. With my suitcase（25） ____________ （pack） and some sandwiches in a bag, I started for the front door and said to Mom, “I’m leaving.”“If you want to run away, that’s all right,” she said. “But you came into this home without anything and y ou can leave the same way.” I threw sandwiches in my suitcase on the floor heavily and started for the door again.“Wait a minute,” Mom said. “I want your clothes back. You didn’t wear anything when you （26） ________ （bear）.” This really angered me. I tore my clothes off—shoes, socks, underwear and all—and shouted, “Can I go now？” “Yes,” Mom answered, “but（27） ______ ______ you close that door, don’t expect to come back.”I was so angry （28） ____________ I slammed （砰地关上） the door and stepped out on the front porch （走廊）. Suddenly I realized that I was outside, with （29） ____________ on. Then I noticed that down the street, two neighbor girls were walking nearer. I （30） ____________ run to hide behind a big tree in our yard at once. After a while, I was sure the girls had passed by. I dashed to the front door and banged （砰地关上） on it loudly.“Who’s there？” I heard.“It’s Billy! Let me in!”The voice behind the door answered, “Billy doesn’t live here anymore. He ran away from home.” Glancing behind me to see if anyone else was coming, I begged, “Aw, Mom! I’m still your son. Let me in!”The door inched open and revealed Mom’s （31） ____________ （smile）face. “Did you change your decision about running away？” she asked.“What’s （32） ____________ supper？” I answered.BTo celebrate the end of our exams, my friends and I went to a fast food restaurant. We ordered hamburgers and Coca Cola at the counter. When our food came, I started walking towards （33）____________ empty table. By bad luck, my purse strap （带子）（34）____________（catch） on a chair and the tray I was holding slipped from my hands and went flying in the air.The tray, and its contents, fell on a man （35）____________ was just about （36）____________（take） a bite of his sandwich. I stared, greatly shocked, （37）____________ the drinks soaked （浸湿） his white shirt.Then I closed my eyes and prepared myself for his burst of anger. Instead, he said “It’s OK” to comfort me （38）____________ he disappeared into the washroom.Still shaky and unsure （39）____________ to do next, my friends and I went to a table and sat there, trying our best to look calm, A moment later, the man came out of the washroom and approached our table. My heart almost stopped beating, I thought he was going to ask for my father’s number and call him.To my surprise, he merely smiled at us, handed us some cash and said, “Buy yourself new hamburgers.” He then walked away without even finishing his food.He could have made what was already an uncomfortable situation （40）____________ （bad）, but he chose a different way and gave us a reason to believe that there is still kindness in his world, I’ll never forget his actions.Section B （10分）Directions：Complete the passage with the words in the box.. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Smell always means more to me than just what it is. Every time I smell roses I can see myself again in the garden of the large house in Cornwell. And when I smell a 41 type of oil, Iam back again on the island. Or it’s the smell of jasmine which 42 me of the days when I stayed with my grandmother and had the flower all around the house.Smell produces 43 , but it’s the most difficult to remember. This is because only a small area of the 44 is used in smell. Most people, however, can 45 at least 4,000 different smells, and women usually have a better 46 of smell than men.It seems that our idea of what smells are pleasant or unpleasant is something that we learn at about the age of three or four. It is not something we are 47 with. How do we know that some smells, like the smell of burning, mean 48 ？Flowers such as jasmine and roses are one thing, but what about the smell of people？Each has a 49 smell. A one-month-old baby can recognize its mother by smell. 50 shaking hands when meeting each other, people in many parts of the world kiss the face or the hands, probably for smell.III. Reading ComprehensionSection A （15分）Louis Chan is not dead. The 83-year-old writer, who uses the pen name Jin Yong, was having a quiet dinner at home when a 51 called him up. The reporter was trying to confirm the news 52 on a microblog that the 53 writer of martial arts fiction had died. Mr. Cha was happy to inform the reporter that, like Mark Twain, the reports of his 54 were exaggerated. After the call, Mr. Cha went back to his dinner and the reporter, supposedly, went back to his microblogging site to look for more “news”.Microblogging is 55 popular in China and around the world. This social networking platform keeps millions of “friends” 56 each other on a minute-to-minute basis. The short messages 57 information of a person’s thoughts and activities throughout the day. It’s a fun way to keep connected with your fr iends. It’s also a good way to pass on information about the 58 trends and news. But microblogging does have its 59_.Some people are becoming microblog zombies. The amount of information on these short-message sites is 60. Some people spend hours 61 the routine activities of their “friends” to the point where their own lives are 62. The only thing real in their lives becomes the mobile phone in their hands which they stare at all the time.There is also an element of danger in microblogging. Telling people where you are and what you are doing has 63 cases of stalking（跟踪） and bullying. And then there is the danger that a comment you make can be 64. Zhou Libo, the popular Shanghai comedian, became an overnight villain when his post about the Jiaozhou Road apartment fire was considered insensitive.The stories of Mr. Cha and Mr. Zhou are lessons that some common sense should be used when microblogging：be careful what you say and don’t 65 everything you read.51. A. relative B. reporter C. professor D. die-hard fan52. A. reminded B. supported C. opposed D. posted53. A. respectable B. infamous C. respectful D. amateur54. A. fame B. success C. death D. failure55. A. enormously B. hardly C. hopelessly D. comparatively56. A. touch up B. touch off C. in touch with D. out of touch with57. A. purchase B. provide C. preserve D. propose58. A. mysterious B. synthetic C. urgent D. latest59. A. drawbacks B. advantages C. strength D. merits60.A. overbearing B. overtaken C. overcharged D. overwhelming61.A. listening to B. following C. glancing at D. acting62.A. neglected B. killed C. promoted D. improved63.A. resulted from B. made the most ofC. took inD. led to64.A. misleading B. miscalculated C. misunderstood D. misdirecting65.A. impress B. believe C. overlook D. recordDirections： For each blank in the following passages there are four words and phrases marked A,B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Section B （2X12=24）（A）It’s no secret that most busy American moth ers use the TV set as a live-in babysitter. In some households the tube holds a child’s attention for the odd half hour or two while mom works on dinner; in others it is the child’s constant daytime companion. Is there any harm in this？Debate continues violently over the question, and at intervals research is published showing that TV reduces attention span（范围）, makes children jumpy or leads them to violence. In today’s cartoon, David Horsey makes funof the claims of “children’s TV”, the specialprogramming that supposedly uses entertainment tohelp youngsters to learn to read and take their firststeps in the big, varied world outside their family. Whatdo children really get from this programming？Horsey’s suspecting is that children’sprogramming chiefly turns kids into TV addicts, not into readers or happy mixers. The toddler （初学走路的孩子） in the cartoon, still at the age of pacifiers（橡皮奶嘴）and stuffed animals, is held spellbound（入迷） by the figure on the screen. What is the stimulating message of this creature specifically designed to fascinate small children？“Can you say TV？” The sooner the kid learns the word, the more effectively he can remind his mother to turn on the TV.A child hooked on TV is a viewer open to commercial messages, and there are plenty of those targeting children of all ages. Thus, at the very least, mom’s search for peace and quiet sets the stage for her child’s transformation（变化）into an American consumer — and, of course, soaks up time that could be used for other, perhaps more desirable, transformations.66. What does the underlined phrase “soaks up” in Paragraph 4 mean？A. takes inB. gets inC. sets upD. uses up67. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT the influence on children broughtby TV？A. Paying less attention to other messages.B. Being close to violence.C. Gaining practical knowledge.D. Forming consuming awareness.68. What information can we get from David Horsey’s cartoon？A. Children’s TV programs can teach children how to pronounce some words ef fectively.B. Little children are addicted to Children’s TV programs which are actually notinstructional.C. American parents depend too much on TV to help educate their children.D. These children’s TV programs can make toddlers quiet and spare time for moms towork.69. Which word can best describe the writer’s tone to parents’ using TV to search for peace？A. Positive.B. Appreciated.C. Supportive.D. Concerned.（B）A brand is a name, word, sign, symbol, design, or a combination of these, intended to identify the goods or services of a company or a group of companies. Another purpose of a brand is to contrast one company from another. The most important skill of professional marketers is the ability to create, maintain, protect, and enhance the brands of their products and services. Branding has become so important that today hardly any company or product is without one. Therefore, brand management is an increasingly important element in marketing.Brand power refers to the relative strength of a c ompany’s brand in the minds of consumers, and can influence consumers’ choice of products. Brands are powerful to theextent that they give high brand loyalty and strong brand associations, name recognition, perceived quality and other assets to a company. A strong brand can be one of a company’s most important assets.High brand power provides a company with many competitive advantages. A powerful brand enjoys a high level of consumer brand awareness and loyalty. Because consumers expect stores to carry the brand, the company has more bargaining power when negotiating with retailers （零售商）. And because the brand name brings high credibility, a company with a strong brand can more easily launch new products with the same brand name.Many companies use the advantage of a strong brand power strategically to expand their business. When a company introduces an additional item with a new flavour, form, colour or package size in a given product category and under the same brand name, it is called a line extension. Another strategy is called brand extension. This involves the use of a successful brand name to launch new or modified products in a new category, thereby employing brand recognition in order to increase sales of new products.Brand recognition is certainly important. Because consumers often hold long-standing perceptions about brands, high brand power ensure a company continued sales of its products.70. What does the word “assets” in the 2nd paragraph mean？A. pointsB. advantagesC. aspectsD. elements71. All of the following statements are the advantages of a high brand power EXCEPT that______.A. a high brand wins the loyalty of consumersB. a high brand usually sets a much higher priceC. it’s easy for a high brand company to launch new pr oductsD. a high brand company is more competitive when doing business with retailers72. A brand extension ______.A. happens when the company is developing a new productB. means the expansion of a company’s business in its established fieldC. takes place when the company introduces a similar item but with a new colourD. refers to the use of an established brand name to promote a new product in a newcategory73. What might be the best title of this passage？A. Brand PowerB. Famous BrandsC. Company BrandsD. Brand Products（C）Petroleum, consisting of crude oil（原油） and natural gas, seems to originate from organic matter in marine sediment（海洋沉淀物）.Tiny organisms settle to the seafloor and gather in marine mud. The organic matter may partially break down, using up the dissolved oxygen in the sediment. As soon as the oxygen is gone, decay stops and the remaining organic matter is preserved.Continued sedimentation buries the organic matter and subjects it to higher temperatures and pressures, which change the organic matter to oil and gas. As muddy sediments are pressed together, the gas and small drops of oil may be squeezed out of the mud and may move into sandy layers nearby. Over millions of years, accumulations of gas and oil can collectin the sandy layers. Both oil and gas are less dense than water, so they generally tend to rise upward through rock and sediment.Oil pools are valuable underground accumulations of oil, and oil fields are regions underlain by one or more oil pools. When an oil pool or field is discovered, wells are drilled into the ground. When the well reaches a pool, oil usually rises up the well because of its density difference（密度差） with water beneath it or because of the pressure of expanding gas trapped above it. Although this rise of oil is almost always carefully controlled today, strong natural flows of oil were common in the past. Gas pressure gradually dies out, and oil is pumped from the well. Water or steam may be pumped down neighboring wells to help push the oil out.As oil becomes increasingly difficult to find, the search for it is extended into more unfriendly environments. The development of the oil field on the North Slope of Alaska and the construction of the Alaska pipeline are examples of the great expense and difficulty involved in new oil discoveries. Offshore drilling platforms extend the search for oil to the ocean’s continental shelves. More than one-quarter of the world’s oil and almost one-fifth of the world’s natural gas come from offshore, even though offshore drilling is six to seven times more expensive than drilling on land.Of course, there is far more oil underground than can be recovered. Even given the best exploration techniques, only about 30 to 40 percent of the oil in a given pool can be brought to the surface. The rest is far too difficult to reach and has to remain underground.74. Which of the following is true about petroleum formation？A. Microscopic organisms that live in mud produce crude oil and natural gas.B. Large amounts of oxygen are needed for petroleum formation to begin.C. Petroleum is formed when organic material in sediments combines with decayingorganisms.D. Petroleum formation appears to begin in marine sediments where organic matter exists.75. What does the development of the Alaskan oil field mentioned illustrate？A. More petroleum is extracted from the sea than from land.B. Drilling for oil requires huge financial investments.C. The global demand for oil has been increasing over the years.D. The North Slope of Alaska has substantial amounts of oil.76. What does the author mainly intend to tell us in the passage？A. The formation, processing and exploration of petroleumB. The specific techniques involved in oil exploration.C. The changing relationships between countries.D. The future intense situation in oil product markets.77. What can we infer from the passage？A. Available exploration techniques serve our purpose of exploring oil very well.B. More and more public regions will be further protected from being drilled in the future.C. Countries may suffer from unpleasant relationships for respective benefits in exploring oil.D. Powerful flows of oil is a phenomenon which can be witnessed rarely now.Section C （8分）（ D ）This article is designed to help you understand why you should always call the authorities to the scene of an accident in which you were injured and why the insurance company you may be facing will hate that you did so!When you call the police to the scene of your accident, then the police will require the drivers involved to exchange insurance and identification information. The police may also obtain witness information and preserve statements about the event, including descriptions of what occurred and complaints of injury. All of this information will very likely assist you in the future with your claim and hurt the insurance company's ability to deny your claim. By calling the police, you have made an official record of the event and can be relatively sure that the information you receive about the other driver is accurate and truthful.This official record will effectively prevent the other driver's insurance company from arguing that the incident did not occur or that their insured driver was not involved in the cause of your injuries. （Yes, insurance companies will deny responsibility at every opportunity, including whether their driver was even in the accident with you.）Finally, statements from witnesses or the other driver may contain valuable facts that may be later forgotten or can be used to make up a "changed story." I don't know how many times I have been told by my clients that the other person admitted fault at the scene, but later hear from the insurance company that no such statement was made and that the cause of the accident was contested. （You may not be aware of th is, but I will bet that your own automobile insurance card contains the following instruction：Do not admit fault for theaccident. Remember, the insurance companies hate it when their drivers take responsibility for the accident because it damages their ability to deny or effectively defend your claim. After all, these companies are in business to make lots of money, not to pay it to you!） If you follow this rule, then you are a step ahead in the game and you will have a much better chance of successfully making your automobile accident personal injury claim.（Note：Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TWELVE WORDS.）78. The information related to a car accident is collected by the police to ______.79. If witness statements are not recorded officially, the relevant facts may ______.80. What can you do when you have called the police to the scene？81. Why don’t the insurance companies want you to admit？第II卷（共45分）I. Translation（22分）Directions：Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.充分利用时间并不意味着从早到晚不停地看书。

2020-2021学年上海市吴淞中学高三英语第二次联考试卷及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ADive with Big SharksOur shark dive adventures make use of hookah systems and shark cages. A hookah system is a system of providing air from the surface to divers down below. Cage divers breathe by using a regulator connected to an air hose.Is SharkDiving Dangerous?Yes. You could get sunburnt. You could hit your head on the top bunk getting out of bed. You could fall overboard. As for a shark attack, according to the International Shark Attack File, you are far more likely to be killed by a dog or a deer.Pricing & DetailsOne day Cage Diver Adventure $ 875Our expert shark diver team will accompany you to the best viewing areas within the Marine Sanctuary. There, we'll drop our cage and prepare to provide you with a view you'll never forget.No dive experience is necessary. Our cages sit just below the surface. You'll be able to breathe comfortably from your snorkel or air hose while you move about the cage, taking photos and having fun.Top Shark Adventure $ 375If you want to see great white sharks but prefer them a little further away, we offer great top-side shark viewing from our observation deck(甲板). Help scan the horizon for fins and watch for sharks attacking their prey(猎物).Important NoteThere's No Shark GuaranteeAlthough we go to the best places at the best time of year, we cannot guarantee you'll see sharks. We've been very successful in past shark seasons and expect another incredible year. However, if we see no sharks, there is no refund(退款).1.Which of the following is TRUE about the two adventures?___________.A.Top Shark Adventure makes use of hookah systems.B.Cage Diver Adventure offers you a view of the bottom of the sea.C.Cage Diver Adventure is less interesting than the other.D.Top Shark Adventure is suitable for those worried about danger.2.We can learn from the advertisement that there might be a risk that____________.A.you fail to achieve your purpose of the tripB.you are out of breath deep down in the seaC.you are hurt by a shark while diving thereD.you suffer from lack of skill in shark diving3.It can be inferred from the advertisement that shark diving is____________.A.difficult but excitingB.challenging and tiringC.amazing and enjoyableD.expensive but popularBIn the old days, when you had to drive to a movie theater to get some entertainment, it was easy to see how your actions could have an impact（影响）on the environment. After all, you were jumping into your car, driving across town, coughing out emissions（产生排放）and using gas all the way. But now that we're used to staying at home and streaming movies, we might get a littleproud. After all, we're just picking up our phones and maybe turning on the TV. You're welcome. Mother Nature.Not so fast, says a recent report from the French-based Shift Project. According to "Climate Crisis: The Unsustainable Use of Online Video", digital technologies are responsible for 4% of greenhouse gas emissions, and that energy use is increasing by 9% a year. Watching a half-hour show would cause 1. 6 kilograms of carbon dioxide emissions. That's like driving 6. 28 kilometers. And in the European Union, the Eureca project found that data centers（where videos are stored）there used 25% more energy in 2017 compared to just three years earlier, reports the BBC.Streaming is only expected to increase as webecome more enamored ofour digital devices（设备）and the possibility of enjoying entertainment where and when we want it increases. Online video use is expected to increase by four times from 2017 to 2022 and account for 80% of all Internet traffic by 2022. By then, about 60% of the world's population will be online.You're probably not going to give up your streaming services, but there're things you can do to help lessen the impact of your online use, experts say. For example, according to Lutz Stobbe, a researcher from the Fraunhofer Institute in Berlin, we have no need to upload 25 pictures of the same thing to the cloud because it consumes energy every time. If instead you delete a few things here and there, you can save energy. Moreover, it's also a good idea to stream over Wi-Fi, watch on the smallest screen you can, and turn off your Wi-Fi in your homeif you're not using your devices.4. What topic is the first paragraph intended to lead in?A. The environmental effects of driving private cars.B. The improvements on environmental awareness.C. The change in the way people seek entertainment.D The environmental impacts of screaming services.5. What does the underlined phrase become more enamored of" in paragraph 3 probably mean?A. Get more skeptical of.B. Become more aware of.C. Feel much crazier about.D. Get more worried about.6. What can we infer about the use of streaming services?A. It is being reduced to protect the planet.B. Its environmental effects are worsening.C. It is easily available to almost everyone.D. Its side effects have drawn global attention.7. Which of the following is the most environmentally-friendly?A. Watching downloaded movies on a mobile phone.B. Downloading music on a personal computer.C. Uploading a lot of images of the same thing.D. Playing online games over mobile networks.CEven plant can run a fever，especially when they're under attack by insects or disease．But unlike human，plants can have their temperature taken from 3，000 feet away straight up．A decade ago，adopting the infrared （红外线）scanning technology developed for military purposes and other satellites，physicist Stephen Paley came up with a quick wayto take the temperature of crops to determine which ones are under stress．The goal was to let farmers precisely（精确的）target pesticide（杀虫剂）spraying rather than rain poison on a whole field，which always includes plants that don't have pest problems．Evenbetter，Paley's Remote Scanning Services Company could detect crop problems before they became visible to the eye．Fixed on a plane flown at 3，000 feet at night，an infrared scanner measured the heat sent out by crops．The data were transformed into a color﹣coded map showing where plants were running "fevers"．Farmers could then spot﹣spray，using 50 to 70 percent less pesticide that they otherwise would．The bad news is that Paley's company closed down in 1984，after only three years．Farmers resisted thenew technology and long﹣term supporters were hard to find．But with the renewed concern about pesticides on produce and refinements（改进）in infrared scanning，Paley hopes to get back into operation．Agriculture experts have no doubt that the technology works．"This technique can be used on 75 percent of agricultural land in the United States，" says George Oerther of Texas A& M，who recently retired from the Department of Agriculture，thinks remote infrared crop scanning could be adopted by the end of the decade．But only if Paley finds the financial support which he failed to obtain 10years ago．8. Plants will give out an increased amount of heat when they are ．A. facing an infrared scannerB. sprayed with pesticidesC. exposed to extreme sun raysD. inpoor physical condition9. In order to apply pesticide spraying precisely，we can use infrared scanning to ．A draw a color1﹣coded mapB evaluate the damage to the cropsC. locate the problem areaD. measure the size of the affected area10. The application of infrared scanning technology to agriculture met with some difficulties of ．A. the lack of official supportB. its high costC. the lack of financial supportD. its failure to help increase production11. Infrared scanning technology may be brought back into operation because of ．A. full support from agricultural expertsB. the forceful promotion by the Department of AgricultureC. the desire of farmers to improve the quality of their produceD. growing concern about the over use of pesticides on cropsDThis is Scientific America's 60-Second Science. I am Christopher Intagliata.The Apollo missions brought back 842 pounds of rock and soil from the moon, that's nearly 2200 differentsamples. But the most interesting one, according to a scientist Meenakshi Wadhwa, is a sample named "Apollo 1-0-0-8-5collected by Neil Armstrong on Apollo 11.“He was about to step back into the lunar module(登月舱) when he turned around and saw there were little spaces in the rock box. He knew that geologists on earth would be just so excited to study these materials, so he just scooped up nine scoops(勺) of soil and put it into the box." Wadhwa explained.It was one of the most well studied samples of the Apollo missions. And a geologist named John Wood noticed white flecks(微粒) of rock in the soil, which inspired him to dig deeper into the moon's ancient past.“This was quite a leap of imagination — he proposed that the whole of the moon had been almost covered with a magma(岩浆) ocean nearly 4.5 billion years ago. This was a revolutionary idea at the time, because people had thought the moon had formed cold, so it completely changed our idea how the moon formed.”But Wadhwa has a more personal reason to appreciate this sample. She met her husband Scott Parazynski also because of this rock sample. Scott, a mountaineer at that time, wanted to climbMount Everestwith a moon rock while Wadhwa was the chairman of the NASA committee that gives access to the samples for scientific purposes.Neil Armstrong's last-minute scoop of moon dust brought two people together here on Earth and upturned our understanding of how the moon — and the Earth itself-got here.Thank you for listening for Scientific American's 60-Second Science.12. It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that ________ .A. Neil Armstrong was excited to find the soilB. the spaceship was about to land on the moonC. Sample "Apollo1-008-5" was collected at the last minuteD. scientists were not satisfied with the samples brought back by Neil13. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the text?A. Scott made a new proposal about the moon's origin.B. The Apollo missions brought back 842 rock samples.C. "Apollo 1-0-0-8-5" brought new evidence to the moon's formation.D. Wadhwa and her husband climbedMount Everestwith a moon rock.14. What is this text?A. A short interview.B. An introduction to a scientist.C. An inspiring speech.D. A broadcast story of a program.15. What is the text mainly about?A. A romantic story of a moon rock.B. A big leap made by Neil Armstrong.C. An unusual task for Apollo missions.D. An unexpected discovery in moon exploration.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。