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1.This success, coupled with later research showing that memory itself is not genetically determined, led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one.词汇突破：cognitive 认知的（后天习得的）Intuitive 先天的和以上这组单词概念相同的表达还有：Nature先天；nurture后天；born ;先天的；made 后天的；innate天生的；Acquired后天习得；Determine 决定Coupled with 相当于and,想类似的表达还有along with ; combined with等。
主干识别：句子的主语是This success和later research ；谓语是led; 宾语是Ericsson; 不定式短语to conclude 做状语；主干结构是：this success and later research led Ericsson to conclude that …其他成分：在research后面接一个现在分词短语做后置定语，在这个现在分词短语中that引导的从句做showing 的宾语；在不定式短语中that引导的从句做conclude的宾语；more…than结构翻译为与其说，不如说。
微观解析：由于主语中的第二个并列成分比较长，且是用两个逗号隔开的，在阅读的时候可以跳读；把This success和动词led先连起来然后再来解析其他成分。
译文赏析：这种成功和后来表明记忆本身并不是先天决定的研究使爱立信总结道，记忆的行为与其说是一种先天的行为不如说是一种习得的行为。
2.It is not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns suits one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers.词汇突破：visualize 想象Figure out 发现和找出Suits 使…适合主干识别：句子主语是由how引导的一个主语从句，it是句子的形式主语；句子主干为: How …is not obvious.在主语从句中主语是capacity，谓语是suits 宾语是one ;其他成分：状语为to answer…主语后加上两个动词不定式做后置定语；动词不定式中的宾语questions后面接一个that引导的定语从句。
1. Typical of the grassland dwellers of the continent is the American antelope, or pronghorn.1.美洲羚羊，或称叉角羚，是该大陆典型的草原动物。
2. Of the millions who saw Haley's comet in 1986, how many people will live long enough to see it return in the twenty-first century.2. 1986年看见哈雷慧星的千百万人当中，有多少人能够长寿到足以目睹它在二十一世纪的回归呢？3. Anthropologists have discovered that fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise are universally reflected in facial expressions.3.人类学家们已经发现，恐惧，快乐，悲伤和惊奇都会行之于色，这在全人类是共通的。
4. Because of its irritating effect on humans, the use of phenol as a general antiseptic has been largely discontinued.4.由于苯酚对人体带有刺激性作用，它基本上已不再被当作常用的防腐剂了。
5. In group to remain in existence, a profit-making organization must, in the long run, produce something consumers consider useful or desirable.5.任何盈利组织若要生存，最终都必须生产出消费者可用或需要的产品。
6. The greater the population there is in a locality, the greater the need there is for water, transportation, and disposal of refuse.6.一个地方的人口越多，其对水，交通和垃圾处理的需求就会越大。
1. The American economic system is, organized around a basically private-enterprise, market- oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most.[参考译文] 美国的经济是以基本的私有企业和市场导向经济为架构的，在这种经济中，消费者很大程度上通过在市场上为那些他们最想要的货品和服务付费来决定什么应该被制造出来。
2. Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.[参考译文] 因此，在美国的经济体系中，个体消费者的需求与商人试图最大化其利润的欲望和个人想最大化其收入效用的欲望相结合，一起决定了什么应该被制造，以及资源如何被用来制造它们。
3. If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product.[参考译文] 另一方面，如果大量制造某种商品导致其成本下降，那么这就有可能增加卖方和制造商能提供的供给，而这也就会反过来降低价格并允许更多的消费者购买产品。
e it to talk about events and experiences in the past that are connected with the present or have a result in the present.解析：此句为use引出的祈使句，主干部分为前半句Use it to talk about events and experiences in the past，that引导出一个定语从句，用来修饰先行词“events and experiences”，在从句中作主语；connect with 以为“与...连接\联系”。
翻译：用它来讨论过去的与现在有联系或对现在有一个结果作用的事件或经历。
2.They want to have a break from being a student, earn some money before university, get work experience or just travel.解析：此句虽长，但其实只是个主谓宾结构的简单句。
主语为they，谓语动词为want to，后边接了4个并列宾语have a break from，earn some money，get work experience，travel。
翻译：他们想要有一个远离学生的休息，在大学前赚一些钱，获得一些工作经历，或者仅仅来次旅游。
3.Popular projects include identifying turtles in Trinidad and Tobago, helping people in the Brazilian rainforest or, like Tessa, teaching English in the Andes.解析：简单的主谓宾结构，主语Popular projects，谓语动词include，宾语由3个并列的动名词充当，分别为：identifying turtles，helpingpeople，teaching English。
考研英语历年真题阅读长难句100句精析1. While warnings are often appropriate and necessary — the dangers of drug interactions,for example—and many are required by state or federal regulations,it isn't clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured.【译文】尽管警告常常是适当而且必须的——比如对于药物相互作用的危险提出警告——许多警告还是按州或联邦政府规定要求给出的，然而(我们) 并不清楚，如果顾客受到伤害时，这些警告是不是确实可以使得生产者和销售者豁免责任。
【分析】在这个主从复合句中，it isn't clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured是主句。
主句用了一个形式主语it，真正的主语是that引导的从句，而that从句之后是一个if引导的条件从句。
从句由两个部分组成，中间用and连接。
破折号之间的部分是举例说明warnings的内容。
注意：many are required by state or federal regulations中的many是指many warnings。
2. Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements—themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport .【译文】由于人口猛增或大量人口流动(现代交通工具使大量人口流动变得相对容易) 所引起的各种问题也会对社会造成新的压力。
英语翻译70长难句分析研究生英语长难句分析70句1. This will be particularly true since energy pinch will make it difficult to continue agriculture in the high-energy American fashion that makes it possible to combine few farmers with high yields.结构分析:句子的主干是This will be particularly true…。
since引导原因状语从句。
此从句中又套嵌一个由关系代词that引导的定语从句，修饰the high-energy American fashion。
在定语从句中，that 做主语，makes做谓语，it做形式宾语，不定式短语to combine few farmers with high yields则是真正的宾语（不定式短语内部to combine是主干，few farmers是宾语，with high yields是状语），possible做宾语补足语。
this指代前句中提到的这种困境。
energy pinch译为“能源的匮乏”;in…fashion译为“用…方法、方式”。
译文：这种困境将是确定无疑的，因为能源的匮乏，高能量消耗这种美国耕种方式将很难在农业中继续下去，而这种耕种方式使投入少数农民就可获得高产成为可能。
2. Now since the assessment of intelligence is a comparative matter，we must be sure that the scale with which we are comparing our subjects provides a“valid”or“fair”comparison.结构分析:句子的主干是we must be sure…。
难句在考研阅读、完型填空与翻译中得出现频率很高,无论句子有多长、结构有多复杂,它都由一些基本得成分组成得。
从结构来说,英语句子中,除了谓语之外，其它得成分均可以由从句或者非谓语动词来充当。
从句子本身就就是一个完整得句子,因此,从句与从句之间得关系可能包孕、套嵌,也可能并列,平行。
从功能来说，英语有三大复合句,即:①名词性从句，包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句与同位语从句；②形容词性从句,即我们平常所说得定语从句;③状语从句。
非谓语动词可以有自己得时态与语态(过去分词除外),也可以跟自己得逻辑主语、宾语、状语等成分，构成一个非谓语动词结构。
由于非谓语动词与从句得这些特点，ﻫﻫ英语长句得分析方法:去枝叶,留主干。
使英语句子从理论上讲可以无限延长。
ﻫﻫ1) 划出句子中得定语从句与状语从句；ﻫ2）划出所有介词短语(位于be动词后得除外）;ﻫ3）名词性从句瞧作一个整体，找出句中所有得谓语结构、非谓语结构、介词短语与从句得4）非谓语动词结构瞧作一个整体;ﻫ引导词;ﻫﻫ6）分析从句得结构与非谓语动词得５)找出全句得主语、谓语与宾语，即句子得主干；ﻫﻫ内部结构。
ﻫﻫ长难句分析得步骤举例：经典例题(２０01年考研完型填空第二段）In aｓiｇｎificanｔtiｇhteｎinｇof lｅgal cｏｎｔrolｓover the pｒess, Lord Irｖinｅ, the Lord Chancelｌor，wｉll ｉntrｏduｃe ａdrafｔbiｌl ｔhatｗill pｒｏｐｏse m ａkｉｎg paｙments ｔｏwitneｓses ilｌegaｌand will sｔrictｌｙcontroｌthｅaｍou ｎｔoｆｐｕbｌicitｙthat can be givｅｎto a ｃａsｅｂｅfore ａｔｒｉal beｇin ｓ、分析:第一，划出定语从句与状语从句: tｈat willｐrｏposｅmaking paymｅnｔs ｔo witnｅs ｓｅｓilｌegaｌaｎd wiｌl stｒｉctlyｃontrol ｔhｅａmouｎt of pｕbｌicity/ｔｈat can bｅgiven to a ｃａsｅ/befｏre a trial beｇｉns、ﻫ第二,划出介词短语：In aｓignｉficaｎｔｔiｇｈtｅnｉｎg of leｇal controlｓoｖer ｔheｐresｓ第三,句子得结构分析:ﻫ(1)主干结构就就是主语(LorｄIrvinｅ含同位语the Ｌoｒd Cｈanceｌloｒ)＋将来时谓语(wiｌl intrｏｄuｃｅ)+宾语(ａｄrａft bill);ﻫ(2）tｈａt引导得定语从句修饰dｒaft biｌｌ,其中,wiｌl pｒopose就就是第一个谓语,making paｙments to wiｔneｓses ilｌegal就就是一个动名词短语做宾语,在动名词短语内部,payments ｔo ｗｉtneｓseｓ做making得宾语，illegaｌ就就是宾补;第二个谓语就就是wｉll sｔricｔly contrｏl, ｔｈe amount ｏｆｐｕｂlｉcity就就是它得宾语。
100 个经典长难句解析汇总（V：amarantos9）1.Looking beyond the 10-year period， the botanists estimate that some 3，000 native plant species may become extinct in the foreseeable future—more than 10 percent of the approximately 25，000 species of plants in the United States.在展望 10 年后的情况时植物学家们估计，在未来可预见到的时间内，3 000 种本地植物——占美国近 25 000 种植物的 10%——将可能灭绝。
2.The annual migrations of wildfowl and many other animals certainly cannot be regarded as a form of exploration， because such movements are actually only shifts from one habitat to another for the purpose of avoiding seasonal climatic variations.野生禽类和许多其他动物每年的迁徙，当然不能被看做是一种探险行为，因为，这些迁徙活动实际上只是从一个栖息地转移到另一个栖息地，以躲避气候的季节性变化。
3.Proponents of G-M foods argue using biotechnology in the production of food products has many benefits：it speeds up the process of breeding plants and animals with desired characteristics; can be used to introduce traits that a product wouldn‘t traditionally have; can improve the nutritional value of products; and can produce cheaper and more environmentally friendly fertilizers.转基因食物的倡导者指出，用生物技术生产食物有很多益处：它能加速作物和牲畜的生长速度，并使它们具有所要求的特点;它可以给食物增添以往不具备的特征;可以改进食物的营养价值;可以生产出廉价、环保效果更好的肥料。
英语长难句分析长句25个1. Although he was tired and hungry, John continued to work late into the night.分析：主句为John continued to work late into the night，although引导让步状语从句，he was tired and hungry为从句主语，tired和hungry为从句谓语补足语。
3. She couldn't find her keys, which she had left on the kitchen counter.分析：主句为She couldn't find her keys，which引导非限制性定语从句，she had left on the kitchen counter为从句谓语。
4. It was not until the storm had passed that the rescue team could begin their work.分析：主句为the rescue team could begin their work，it为形式主语，not until引导倒装的时间状语从句，the storm had passed为从句主语。
6. Having studied for many hours, he felt prepared for the exam.分析：主句为he felt prepared for the exam，having studiedfor many hours为现在分词短语作原因状语。
7. In order to succeed, you must work hard and never give up.分析：主句为you must work hard and never give up，in order to引导目的状语从句。
1.Looking beyond the 10-year period，the botanists estimate that some 3，000 native plant species may become extinct in the foreseeable future —more than 10 percent of the approximately 25，000 species of plants in the United States.在展望10年后的情况时植物学家们估计，在未来可预见到的时间内，3 000种本地植物——占美国近25 000种植物的10%——将可能灭绝。
2. The annual migrations of wildfowl and many other animals certainly cannot be regarded as a form of exploration，because such movements are actually only shifts from one habitat to another for the purpose of avoiding seasonal climatic variations.野生禽类和许多其他动物每年的迁徙，当然不能被看做是一种探险行为，因为，这些迁徙活动实际上只是从一个栖息地转移到另一个栖息地，以躲避气候的季节性变化。
3. Proponents of G-M foods argue using biotechnology in the production of food products has many benefits：it speeds up the process of breeding plants and animals with desired characteristics; can be used to introduce traits that a product wouldn‘t traditionally have; can improve the nutritional value of products; and can produce cheaperand more environmentally friendly fertilizers.转基因食物的倡导者指出，用生物技术生产食物有很多益处：它能加速作物和牲畜的生长速度，并使它们具有所要求的特点;它可以给食物增添以往不具备的特征;可以改进食物的营养价值;可以生产出廉价、环保效果更好的肥料。
难句在考研阅读、完型填空和翻译中的出现频率很高，无论句子有多长、结构有多复杂，它都由一些基本的成分组成的。
从结构来说，英语句子中，除了谓语之外，其它的成分均可以由从句或者非谓语动词来充当。
从句子本身是一个完整的句子，因此，从句与从句之间的关系可能包孕、套嵌，也可能并列，平行。
从功能来说，英语有三大复合句，即:①名词性从句，包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句：②形容词性从句，即我们平常所说的定语从句；③状语从句。
非谓语动词可以有自己的时态和语态（过去分词除外），也可以跟自己的逻辑主语、宾语、状语等成分，构成一个非谓语动词结构。
由于非谓语动词和从句的这些特点，使英语句子从理论上讲可以无限延长。
英语长句的分析方法：去枝叶，留主干。
1）划出句子中的定语从句和状语从句；2）划出所有介词短语（位于be 动词后的除外）；3）名词性从句看作一个整体,找出句中所有的谓语结构、非谓语结构、介词短语和从句的引导词；4）非谓语动词结构看作一个整体；5）找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语，即句子的主干；6）分析从句的结构和非谓语动词的内部结构。
长难句分析的步骤举例：经典例题（2001 年考研完型填空第二段）In a significant tightening of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a draft bill that will propose making payments to witnesses illegal and will strictly control the amount of publicity that can be given to a case before a trial begins.分析:第一，划出定语从句和状语从句: that will propose making payments to witnesses illegal and will strictly control the amount of publicity /that can be given to a case /before a trial begins.第二，划出介词短语：In a significant tightening of legal controls over the press第三，句子的结构分析:（1）主干结构是主语（Lord Irvine 含同位语the Lord Chancellor ）+将来时谓语（will introduce ）+ 宾语( a draft bill )；( 2) that 引导的定语从句修饰draft bill, 其中，will propose 是第一个谓语，making paymentsto witnesses illegal 是一个动名词短语做宾语，在动名词短语内部，payments to witnesses 做making 的宾语，illegal 是宾补；第二个谓语是will strictly control, the amount of publicity 是它的宾语。
that can be given to a case before a trial begins 是孕含有一个时间状语从句( before a trial begins )的定语从句，修饰publicity 。
请大家按照上述步骤认真分解以下70 个句子，并把分解后的句子读熟甚至背过，则基本上可以解决考研长难句问题。
1. This will be particularly true since energy pinch will make it difficult to continue agriculture in the high-energy American fashion that makes it possible to combine few farmers with high yields.结构分析：句子的主干是This will be particularly true 。
si n e e引导原因状语从句。
此从句中又套嵌一个由关系代词that引导的定语从句，修饰the high-energy American fashion。
在定语从句中，that 做主语，makes 做谓语，it 做形式宾语，不定式短语to combine few farmers with high yields则是真正的宾语(不定式短语内部to combine是主干，few farmers是宾语，with high yields是状语)，possible做宾语补足语。
this指代前句中提到的这种困境。
energy pinch译为能源的匮乏” ；in e faohi译为用…方法、方式”。
译文：这种困境将是确定无疑的，因为能源的匮乏，高能量消耗这种美国耕种方式将很难在农业中继续下去，而这种耕种方式使投入少数农民就可获得高产成为可能。
2. Now since the assessment of intelligence is a comparative matter，we must be sure that the scalewith which we are comparing our subjects provides a comvpalaidriso”n. or “ fair ”结构分析：句子的主干是we must be sure … since弓丨导原因状语从句the assessment of intelligenee is a comparative matter。
主句中又有that 弓丨导的宾语从句that the scale with which we are comparing our subjects provides a “ valid ” or。
"此宾语从句中又套ofe—个由介词with+which 引导的定语从句with which we are comparing our subjects 修饰先行词the scale。
scale在此处意为尺度、衡量标准”。
译文：既然对智力的评估相比较而言的，那么我们必须确保，在对我们的对象进行比较时，我们所用的尺度能够提供“有效的”或“公平的”比较。
3. In general，the tests work most effectively when the qualities to be measured can be most precisely defined and least effectively when what is to be measured or predicted can be not well defined.结构分析：句子的框架是the tests work most effectively whe n …and least effectively when nd 连接两个并列分句，每个并列分句中皆有一个when 引导的时间状语从句分别说明work most effectively和and (work) least effectively。
第二个时间状语从句中还有一个主语从句what…predictedo the tests是主句的主语，work为动词做谓语。
qualities在此处是可数名词，不译为质量”而译为特征” defined不能直译为被定义为”而应译为主动语态界定译文：一般来说，当所需要测定的特征能被精确界定时，测试最为有效；而当所测定或预测的东西不能被明确界定时，测试效果最差。
4. For example，they do not compe nsate for gross social in equality，and thus do not tell how able an un derprivileged youn gster might have bee n had he grow n up un der more favorable circumsta nces.结构分析：句子的框架是they do not compensate ；•• and thus do not tell how o-a-nd 连接两个并列分句，第二个并列分句中由how引导的宾语从句是一个带有虚拟条件句的主从复合句；其中had he grown up ••- (=If he had grown up…)是省略了连词if的非真实条件句。
主句主语的they ；在此代指上文提到的tests; able在句中作might have been的表语。
underprivileged在此不能译为没有特权的”而译为没有地位的”或物质条件差的”。
译文：例如，测试并不能弥补明显的社会不公；因此，它们不能说明一个物质条件差的年轻人，如果在较好的环境中成长的话，会有多大才干。
5」t leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the con sideratio n huma ns exte nd to other huma ns ；or with no con siderati on at all.结构分析：句子的框架是It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that…冒号后的复合句是对冒号前部分作进一步说明。
复合句中that引导宾语从句，从句中有either…or •引导的两个并列的介词结构作状语，修饰动词be treated,其中第一个with介词结构中还有一个省略了关系代词that或which的定语从句humans extend to otherhuma ns；修饰the con sideration。
it代指上文的观点；即如果对人权没有达成一致看法；而谈论动物的权利是徒劳的。
介词短语at the outset译为从一开始”动词invites应转译为使”让"或促使” 动宾结构extend consideration to 意为给予关怀或关心” consideration不应译为考虑”。
译文：这种说法从一开始就将讨论引向极端，它使人们认为应该这样对待动物：要么像对人类自身一样关怀体谅；要么完全冷漠无情。
