英语长难句精解70句
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1.This success, coupled with later research showing that memory itself is not genetically determined, led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one.词汇突破:cognitive 认知的(后天习得的)Intuitive 先天的和以上这组单词概念相同的表达还有:Nature先天;nurture后天;born ;先天的;made 后天的;innate天生的;Acquired后天习得;Determine 决定Coupled with 相当于and,想类似的表达还有along with ; combined with等。
主干识别:句子的主语是This success和later research ;谓语是led; 宾语是Ericsson; 不定式短语to conclude 做状语;主干结构是:this success and later research led Ericsson to conclude that …其他成分:在research后面接一个现在分词短语做后置定语,在这个现在分词短语中that引导的从句做showing 的宾语;在不定式短语中that引导的从句做conclude的宾语;more…than结构翻译为与其说,不如说。
微观解析:由于主语中的第二个并列成分比较长,且是用两个逗号隔开的,在阅读的时候可以跳读;把This success和动词led先连起来然后再来解析其他成分。
译文赏析:这种成功和后来表明记忆本身并不是先天决定的研究使爱立信总结道,记忆的行为与其说是一种先天的行为不如说是一种习得的行为。
2.It is not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns suits one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers.词汇突破:visualize 想象Figure out 发现和找出Suits 使…适合主干识别:句子主语是由how引导的一个主语从句,it是句子的形式主语;句子主干为: How …is not obvious.在主语从句中主语是capacity,谓语是suits 宾语是one ;其他成分:状语为to answer…主语后加上两个动词不定式做后置定语;动词不定式中的宾语questions后面接一个that引导的定语从句。
1. Typical of the grassland dwellers of the continent is the American antelope, or pronghorn.1.美洲羚羊,或称叉角羚,是该大陆典型的草原动物。
2. Of the millions who saw Haley's comet in 1986, how many people will live long enough to see it return in the twenty-first century.2. 1986年看见哈雷慧星的千百万人当中,有多少人能够长寿到足以目睹它在二十一世纪的回归呢?3. Anthropologists have discovered that fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise are universally reflected in facial expressions.3.人类学家们已经发现,恐惧,快乐,悲伤和惊奇都会行之于色,这在全人类是共通的。
4. Because of its irritating effect on humans, the use of phenol as a general antiseptic has been largely discontinued.4.由于苯酚对人体带有刺激性作用,它基本上已不再被当作常用的防腐剂了。
5. In group to remain in existence, a profit-making organization must, in the long run, produce something consumers consider useful or desirable.5.任何盈利组织若要生存,最终都必须生产出消费者可用或需要的产品。
6. The greater the population there is in a locality, the greater the need there is for water, transportation, and disposal of refuse.6.一个地方的人口越多,其对水,交通和垃圾处理的需求就会越大。
1. The American economic system is, organized around a basically private-enterprise, market- oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most.[参考译文] 美国的经济是以基本的私有企业和市场导向经济为架构的,在这种经济中,消费者很大程度上通过在市场上为那些他们最想要的货品和服务付费来决定什么应该被制造出来。
2. Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.[参考译文] 因此,在美国的经济体系中,个体消费者的需求与商人试图最大化其利润的欲望和个人想最大化其收入效用的欲望相结合,一起决定了什么应该被制造,以及资源如何被用来制造它们。
3. If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product.[参考译文] 另一方面,如果大量制造某种商品导致其成本下降,那么这就有可能增加卖方和制造商能提供的供给,而这也就会反过来降低价格并允许更多的消费者购买产品。
e it to talk about events and experiences in the past that are connected with the present or have a result in the present.解析:此句为use引出的祈使句,主干部分为前半句Use it to talk about events and experiences in the past,that引导出一个定语从句,用来修饰先行词“events and experiences”,在从句中作主语;connect with 以为“与...连接\联系”。
翻译:用它来讨论过去的与现在有联系或对现在有一个结果作用的事件或经历。
2.They want to have a break from being a student, earn some money before university, get work experience or just travel.解析:此句虽长,但其实只是个主谓宾结构的简单句。
主语为they,谓语动词为want to,后边接了4个并列宾语have a break from,earn some money,get work experience,travel。
翻译:他们想要有一个远离学生的休息,在大学前赚一些钱,获得一些工作经历,或者仅仅来次旅游。
3.Popular projects include identifying turtles in Trinidad and Tobago, helping people in the Brazilian rainforest or, like Tessa, teaching English in the Andes.解析:简单的主谓宾结构,主语Popular projects,谓语动词include,宾语由3个并列的动名词充当,分别为:identifying turtles,helpingpeople,teaching English。
考研英语历年真题阅读长难句100句精析1. While warnings are often appropriate and necessary — the dangers of drug interactions,for example—and many are required by state or federal regulations,it isn't clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured.【译文】尽管警告常常是适当而且必须的——比如对于药物相互作用的危险提出警告——许多警告还是按州或联邦政府规定要求给出的,然而(我们) 并不清楚,如果顾客受到伤害时,这些警告是不是确实可以使得生产者和销售者豁免责任。
【分析】在这个主从复合句中,it isn't clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured是主句。
主句用了一个形式主语it,真正的主语是that引导的从句,而that从句之后是一个if引导的条件从句。
从句由两个部分组成,中间用and连接。
破折号之间的部分是举例说明warnings的内容。
注意:many are required by state or federal regulations中的many是指many warnings。
2. Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements—themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport .【译文】由于人口猛增或大量人口流动(现代交通工具使大量人口流动变得相对容易) 所引起的各种问题也会对社会造成新的压力。
英语翻译70长难句分析研究生英语长难句分析70句1. This will be particularly true since energy pinch will make it difficult to continue agriculture in the high-energy American fashion that makes it possible to combine few farmers with high yields.结构分析:句子的主干是This will be particularly true…。
since引导原因状语从句。
此从句中又套嵌一个由关系代词that引导的定语从句,修饰the high-energy American fashion。
在定语从句中,that 做主语,makes做谓语,it做形式宾语,不定式短语to combine few farmers with high yields则是真正的宾语(不定式短语内部to combine是主干,few farmers是宾语,with high yields是状语),possible做宾语补足语。
this指代前句中提到的这种困境。
energy pinch译为“能源的匮乏”;in…fashion译为“用…方法、方式”。
译文:这种困境将是确定无疑的,因为能源的匮乏,高能量消耗这种美国耕种方式将很难在农业中继续下去,而这种耕种方式使投入少数农民就可获得高产成为可能。
2. Now since the assessment of intelligence is a comparative matter,we must be sure that the scale with which we are comparing our subjects provides a“valid”or“fair”comparison.结构分析:句子的主干是we must be sure…。
难句在考研阅读、完型填空与翻译中得出现频率很高,无论句子有多长、结构有多复杂,它都由一些基本得成分组成得。
从结构来说,英语句子中,除了谓语之外,其它得成分均可以由从句或者非谓语动词来充当。
从句子本身就就是一个完整得句子,因此,从句与从句之间得关系可能包孕、套嵌,也可能并列,平行。
从功能来说,英语有三大复合句,即:①名词性从句,包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句与同位语从句;②形容词性从句,即我们平常所说得定语从句;③状语从句。
非谓语动词可以有自己得时态与语态(过去分词除外),也可以跟自己得逻辑主语、宾语、状语等成分,构成一个非谓语动词结构。
由于非谓语动词与从句得这些特点,ﻫﻫ英语长句得分析方法:去枝叶,留主干。
使英语句子从理论上讲可以无限延长。
ﻫﻫ1) 划出句子中得定语从句与状语从句;ﻫ2)划出所有介词短语(位于be动词后得除外);ﻫ3)名词性从句瞧作一个整体,找出句中所有得谓语结构、非谓语结构、介词短语与从句得4)非谓语动词结构瞧作一个整体;ﻫ引导词;ﻫﻫ6)分析从句得结构与非谓语动词得5)找出全句得主语、谓语与宾语,即句子得主干;ﻫﻫ内部结构。
ﻫﻫ长难句分析得步骤举例:经典例题(2001年考研完型填空第二段)In asignificanttighteningof legal controlsover the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor,will introduce adraftbill thatwill propose m aking payments towitnesses illegaland will strictlycontroltheamou ntofpublicitythat can be givento a casebefore atrial begin s、分析:第一,划出定语从句与状语从句: that willproposemaking payments to witnes sesillegaland will strictlycontrol theamount of publicity/that can begiven to a case/before a trial begins、ﻫ第二,划出介词短语:In asignificanttightening of legal controlsover thepress第三,句子得结构分析:ﻫ(1)主干结构就就是主语(LordIrvine含同位语the Lord Chancellor)+将来时谓语(will introduce)+宾语(adraft bill);ﻫ(2)that引导得定语从句修饰draft bill,其中,will propose就就是第一个谓语,making payments to witnesses illegal就就是一个动名词短语做宾语,在动名词短语内部,payments to witnesses做making得宾语,illegal就就是宾补;第二个谓语就就是will strictly control, the amount ofpublicity就就是它得宾语。
100 个经典长难句解析汇总(V:amarantos9)1.Looking beyond the 10-year period, the botanists estimate that some 3,000 native plant species may become extinct in the foreseeable future—more than 10 percent of the approximately 25,000 species of plants in the United States.在展望 10 年后的情况时植物学家们估计,在未来可预见到的时间内,3 000 种本地植物——占美国近 25 000 种植物的 10%——将可能灭绝。
2.The annual migrations of wildfowl and many other animals certainly cannot be regarded as a form of exploration, because such movements are actually only shifts from one habitat to another for the purpose of avoiding seasonal climatic variations.野生禽类和许多其他动物每年的迁徙,当然不能被看做是一种探险行为,因为,这些迁徙活动实际上只是从一个栖息地转移到另一个栖息地,以躲避气候的季节性变化。
3.Proponents of G-M foods argue using biotechnology in the production of food products has many benefits:it speeds up the process of breeding plants and animals with desired characteristics; can be used to introduce traits that a product wouldn‘t traditionally have; can improve the nutritional value of products; and can produce cheaper and more environmentally friendly fertilizers.转基因食物的倡导者指出,用生物技术生产食物有很多益处:它能加速作物和牲畜的生长速度,并使它们具有所要求的特点;它可以给食物增添以往不具备的特征;可以改进食物的营养价值;可以生产出廉价、环保效果更好的肥料。
英语长难句分析长句25个1. Although he was tired and hungry, John continued to work late into the night.分析:主句为John continued to work late into the night,although引导让步状语从句,he was tired and hungry为从句主语,tired和hungry为从句谓语补足语。
3. She couldn't find her keys, which she had left on the kitchen counter.分析:主句为She couldn't find her keys,which引导非限制性定语从句,she had left on the kitchen counter为从句谓语。
4. It was not until the storm had passed that the rescue team could begin their work.分析:主句为the rescue team could begin their work,it为形式主语,not until引导倒装的时间状语从句,the storm had passed为从句主语。
6. Having studied for many hours, he felt prepared for the exam.分析:主句为he felt prepared for the exam,having studiedfor many hours为现在分词短语作原因状语。
7. In order to succeed, you must work hard and never give up.分析:主句为you must work hard and never give up,in order to引导目的状语从句。
1.Looking beyond the 10-year period,the botanists estimate that some 3,000 native plant species may become extinct in the foreseeable future —more than 10 percent of the approximately 25,000 species of plants in the United States.在展望10年后的情况时植物学家们估计,在未来可预见到的时间内,3 000种本地植物——占美国近25 000种植物的10%——将可能灭绝。
2. The annual migrations of wildfowl and many other animals certainly cannot be regarded as a form of exploration,because such movements are actually only shifts from one habitat to another for the purpose of avoiding seasonal climatic variations.野生禽类和许多其他动物每年的迁徙,当然不能被看做是一种探险行为,因为,这些迁徙活动实际上只是从一个栖息地转移到另一个栖息地,以躲避气候的季节性变化。
3. Proponents of G-M foods argue using biotechnology in the production of food products has many benefits:it speeds up the process of breeding plants and animals with desired characteristics; can be used to introduce traits that a product wouldn‘t traditionally have; can improve the nutritional value of products; and can produce cheaperand more environmentally friendly fertilizers.转基因食物的倡导者指出,用生物技术生产食物有很多益处:它能加速作物和牲畜的生长速度,并使它们具有所要求的特点;它可以给食物增添以往不具备的特征;可以改进食物的营养价值;可以生产出廉价、环保效果更好的肥料。
英语长难句精解100句经典英语学习的道路上,长难句就像一座座高峰,让人望而生畏。
可要是掌握了这100句经典的长难句精解,那就仿佛是手握登山的绳索,能一步步向着英语的高峰攀登。
我有个朋友叫小李,他呀,一看到英语长难句就头大。
有一次,他拿着一个句子来找我,那句子长得就像一条蜿蜒无尽的长蛇。
“I, who have been living in this bustling city for years, find it extremely difficult to adapt to the tranquil rural life all of a sudden, especially when considering the huge differences in living environment, pace of life and social interactions between the two.”(我在这个繁华的城市生活了多年,突然发现很难适应宁静的乡村生活,特别是考虑到两者在生活环境、生活节奏和社会交往方面的巨大差异。
)小李皱着眉头说:“这都是啥呀,我都晕了。
”我笑着跟他说:“你看啊,这个‘wh o have been living in this bustling city for years’是个定语从句,用来修饰‘I’的,就像给‘我’这个主角加了个详细的身份描述。
”小李似懂非懂地点点头。
这100句经典长难句里啊,很多句子都像这个一样。
比如说“Not only does he have excellent academic performance, but also he is very good at various sports, which makes him a popular figureamong his classmates.”(他不仅学业成绩优异,而且擅长各种体育运动,这使他在同学中很受欢迎。
高考英语阅读长难句分析100句1. According to a recent survey, four million people die each year from diseases linked to smoking.2. The latest surveys show that quite a few children have unpleasant associations with homework.3. No invention has received more praise and abuse than Internet.4. People seem to fail to take into account the fact that education does not end with graduation.5. An increasing number of people are beginning to realize that education isnot complete with graduation.6. When it comes to education, the majority of people believe that educationis a lifetime study.7. Many experts point out that physical exercise contributes directly to a person's physical fitness.8. Proper measures must be taken to limit the number of foreign tourists and the great efforts should be made to protect local environment and history from the harmful effects of international tourism.9. An increasing number of experts believe that migrants will exert positiveeffects on construction of city. However, this opinion is now being questioned by more and more city residents, who complain that the migrants have brought many serious problems like crime and prostitution.越来越多的专家相信移民对城市的建设起到积极作用。
经典的英语长难句精解Here's a collection of English paragraphs featuring classic complex sentences, written in a conversational yet refined manner, while adhering to the guidelines you've provided:1. The journey of life is like a maze, full of twists and turns. You might stumble upon a dead end, but it's always a new opportunity to explore an alternative path. The key is to keep moving forward, learning from each mistake, and embracing the unknown.2. In the vast ocean of knowledge, books are our compass. They guide us through the depths of understanding, revealing secrets that have been hidden for centuries. Each page is a new world, a gateway to different perspectives and ideas that broaden our horizons.3. The beauty of nature is often overlooked in the hustle and bustle of daily life. But when you take a momentto pause and observe, you'll find that every leaf, every flower, and every drop of rain holds a story. It's a reminder of the intricate balance that sustains our existence.4. The power of a smile is immense. It can brighten a dull day, warm a cold heart, and bridge the gap between strangers. A genuine smile is contagious, spreading joy and positivity wherever it goes. It's a simple yet profound gesture that has the ability to change lives.5. Technology has revolutionized the way we communicate. With the click of a button, we can connect with people from all corners of the world. But with this convenience comes a challenge: to maintain the authenticity and depth of our relationships in a digital age. It's a balancing act we all have to master.6. Dreams are the fuel that propels us forward. They give us a reason to wake up each morning, a purpose tostrive for. But dreams alone are not enough; we need totake action, step by step, to make them a reality. It's the journey, not the destination,。
英语长难句子及解析10例以下是10个英语长难句及其解析:1. "Having been informed of the situation, the president immediately convened a meeting to discuss possible solutions."解析:这是一个复杂的过去分词短语作为时间状语的句子。
句子的主语是"the president",动词是"convened",而过去分词短语"having been informed of the situation"修饰整个动作。
2. "Despite the heavy rain and strong winds, the athletes persevered and successfully completed the marathon."解析:这是一个含有并列连词"despite"的复合句。
主句是"the athletes persevered and successfully completed the marathon",连词"despite"表示对比关系,引导一个状语从句"the heavy rain and strong winds",描述了困难条件。
3. "Not only did she win the award, but she also set a new world record in the process."解析:这是一个包含倒装结构的并列句。
主句是"she won the award",后面使用了倒装结构,形式为"not only + auxiliary verb + subject",另一个并列成分是"she set a new worldrecord"。
考研英语长难句经典200 句解析1.Tight-lipped elders used to say, “It’s not what you want in this world, but what you get.”结构分析:本句的主干是elders used to say…。
直接引语中是主系表结构, 注意not…but 结构。
参考译文:出言谨慎的长辈们过去常说,“问题不是你在这个世界上想要什么,而是你能得到什么。
”2.You can make a mental blueprint of a desire as you would make a blueprint of a house, and each of us is continually making these blueprints in the general routine of everyday living.结构分析:这句话是and 连接的两个并列句。
在第一个分句中,as 是连词,引导比较状语从句,把a mental blueprint of a desire 和a blueprint of a house 相比较。
第二个分句中的主干结构是:each of us is…making blueprints…。
第二个分句中用一般进行时表示经常发生的事情。
这样的结构常常用来表达经常发生的令人不快的、令人讨厌的事情。
参考译文:你可以在脑子里为你的愿望画一幅蓝图,就象给房子画蓝图那样。
实际上,在日常生活中,我们每一个人都在不断地描绘着这些蓝图。
3 .While talking to you, your could-be employer is deciding whether your education, your experience, and other qualifications will pay him to employ you and your “wares” and abilities must be displayed in an orderly and reasonably connected manner.结构分析:and 连接两个并列句。
中考英语-长难句-分析详解含译文一、We all need heroes. We need to be able to respect people who have been there, done that, and succeeded. Many times the greatest heroes are the people we deal with every day - relatives(亲戚), friends, and neighbors - who will keep going when it is easier to give up.二、词汇突破:1. be able to 能够;2. respect 尊敬,敬重;3. people who have been there 先行者;4. deal with 打交道,处理;5. neighbor 邻居;6. keep going 继续下去;7. give up 放弃;三、拆分句子:Many times the greatest heroes are the people we deal with every day - relatives(亲戚), friends, and neighbors - who will keep going when it is easier to give up.本句话拆分后:1. Many times the greatest heroes are the people;2. (who) we deal with every day; who指代的是people, 在定语从句中做宾语,可以省略;3. relatives(亲戚), friends, and neighbors;是the people的同位语;4. who will keep going;who指代的是people;5. when it is easier to give up;四、参考译文:我们都需要英雄。
高一英语长难句精解100句经典1. First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre in the seventeenth century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress likea man in order to be able to study at the Ecolab polytechnique.2. It is dfiult to measure the quantity of paper used as a result of use of Internet-connected computers, although just about anyone who works in an ofice can tllyou that when e mail is introduced, the printers start working overtime That is, the growing demand for paper in recent yers is largely due to the increased use of the Internet.3. Perhaps the best sign of how computer and internet use pushes up demand for paper comes from the high-tech industry itself, which sees printing as one of its most promising new market.4. The action group has also found acceptable paper made from materials other than wood, such as agricultural waste.5. Mostly borrowed from English and Chinese, these terms are often changed into forms no longer understood by native speakers.6. It is one of many language books that are now flying off booksellers' shelves.7. The mass media and government white papers play an important part in the spread of foreign words.8.Tales from Animal Hospital will delight all fans of the programme and anyone who was a lively interest in their pet, whether it be a cat, dog or snake!9. Newton is shown as a gifted scientist with very human weaknesses who stood at the point in history where magic ended and science began.10. But for all the texts that are written, stored and sent electronically, a lot of them are still ending up on paper.11.With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence, according to Intermountain Therapy Animals(ITA) in salt Lake City.12. The Salt Lake City public library is sold on the idea.13. Discovered by the Portuguese admiral of the same name in 1506, and settled in 1810,the island belongs to Great Britain and has a population of a few hundred.14. They had no connection with the outside world for more than a thousand years,giving them plenty of time to build more than 1000 huge stone figures, called moat, for which the island is most famous.15. Our parties are aimed for children 2 to 10 and they' re very interactive and creative in that they build a sense of drama based on a subject.16. The most important idea behind the kind of party planning described here is that it brings parents and children closer together.17. He had realized that the words: "one of six to eight"”under the first picture in the book connected the hare in some way to Katherine of Aragon, the first of Henry VII' s six wives.18. Until one day he came across two stone crosses in Ampthill park and learnt that they had been built in her honor in 1773.19. It is Sue Townsend' s musical play, based on her best-selling book.20. Gold is one of a growing number of shoppers buying into the organic trend, and supermarkets across Britain are counting on more like him as they grow their organic food business.21. Supporters of underground development say that building down rather than building up is a good way to use the earth' S space.22. Those who could were likely to name a woman.23. In general, women' s friendships with each other rest on shared emotions and support, but men' s relationships are marked by shared activities.24.For the most part, interactions between men are emotionally controlled一-a good fit with the social requirements of "manly behavior"25.Whereas a woman' s closest female friend might be the first totell her to leave a failing marriage, it wasn' t unusual to hear a man say he didn' t know his friend' s .marriage was in serious trouble until he appeared one night asking if he could sleep on the sofa.26. Before 1066, in the land we now call Great Britain lived peoples belonging to two major language groups.27. If this state of affairs had lasted, English today would be close to German.28. We even have different word for some foods, meat in particular, depending on whether it is still out in the fields or at home ready to be cooked, which Shows the fact that the Saxon peasants were doing the farming. while the upper-class Normans were doing most of the eating.29. When Americans visit Europe for the first time, they usually find Germany more "Foreign”than France because the German they see on signs and ads seems much more different from English than French does.30. Some companies have made the manufacturing of clean and safe products their main selling point and emphasize it in their advertising.31. After their stay, all visitors receive a survival certificate recording their success, that is,when guests leave the igloo hotel they will receive a paper stating that they have had a taste of adventure.32. The major market force rests in the growing population of white - collar employees,who can afford the new service, in other words, Shanghai' s car rental industry is growing so fast mainly due to the increasing number of white-collar employees.33. That you won' t be for long means it won' t be long before you' II have to recycle your rubbish.34. These words, | have just made up, have to stand for thing and ideas that we simply can’t think of.35. Picturing(lmagining) the future will serve the interests of the present and future generations.36. Decision thinking is not unlike poker - it often matters not only what you think, but also what others think you think and what you think they think you think.37. The easy way out isn' t always easiest.38. The hot sun had caused the dough (面团) to double in size and the fermenting yeast(酵母) made the surface shake and sigh as though it were breathing and it lookedlike some unknown being from outer space.39. After all, what lively children wouldn' t settle for spending only half the day doing ordinary school work, and acting, singing or dancing their way through the other half of the day?40. Dad, in a hurry to get home before dark so he could go for arun, had forgotten wear his safety belt- - a mistake 75% of the US population make every day.41.The summit was to mark the 25th anniversary(周年)of president Nixon' s journey to China, which was the turning point in China-US relations.42. Many of the problems are of college level and these pupils can figure them out.43. Rising through the roof is the Tower of the Sun, inside Which stands a 160- -foot -tall Tree of Life.44. The present question is that many people consider impossible what is really possible if effort is made.45. III and suffering as she was after the inhuman punishment, she yet remained so cheerful and confident, eager to devote the little strength left to her to helping the other comrades.46. Freed from TV, forced to find their own activities, they might take a ride together to watch the sunset.47. | went around to the front of the house, sat down on the steps, and, the crying over, ached, And my father must have hurt, too, a little.48. It covered the whole distance from broken -hearted misery to bursting happiness-too fast.49. Still, he could not help thinking that if anything should happen, the nearest person he contact by radio, unless there was a ship nearby,would be on an island 885 miles away.50. After all, eighty was a special birthday, another decade lived or endured, just as you choose to look at it.51. News reports say peace talks between the two countries have broken down with no agreement reached.52. The old couple have been married for 40 years and never once have they quarreled with each other.53. After all, Ed' S idea of exercise has always been nothing more effort- making than lifting a fork to his mouth.54. As a result , at the point in our game when I' d have figured on (predicted) the score tobeabout9to1inmyfavor,itwasinstead7to9-andEdwasleading..55.So when Ed arrived for our game not only with the bottom of his shirt gathered inside his trousers but also with a stomach you could hardly notice , | was so surprised that | was speechless , my cousin must have made an effort to get himself into shape.56.In a way , | think we both won: I the game , but cousin Ed my respect.57. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows what to do with it.58. The research is so designed that once begun nothing can be done to change it.59. The mother didn' t know who to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out.60.When | was in the army I received an intelligence test that all soldiers took, and ,against an average of 100 , scored 160.61.We didn' t plan our art exhibition like that but it worked out very well.62. The home improvements have taken what little there is of my spare time.63. Having suffered such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.64. Most believe the footprints are nothing more than ordinary animal tracks , which had been made larger as they melted and refroze in the snow.65. But if they ever succeed in catching one, they may face a real problem: would they put itinazo0orgiveitaroominahotel?66. With production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year.67. The WTO cannot live up to its name if it dose not include a country that is home to one fifth of mankind.68. It is the ability to do the job that matters not where you come from or what you are.69. How could I ever get him to finish unloading the car withoutscreaming at me and making a scene in front of the other girls, who | would have to spend the rest of the year with?70. Dad' s face turned decidedly less red before he could bring outa "yes" ,71. Soon I heard a sound like that of a door burst in , and then a climb of feet.72. Father took the still smoking pistol from my hand, and fired another shot, which killed the gorilla.73. It happened that father had sent us upstairs because he thought he would be able to lock the door- -which was twenty feet away- - - before the animal reached it.74. He certainly looked the part all right, he thought, as he admired himself in the mirror.75. He put his head in his hands and tried to remember his lines, but nothing came to his mind.76. In fact the more he watched the play, the more he felt himself part of it.77. Instead she took a short walk in a park nearby and came home, ltting herself in through the back door.78. She settled down to wait and see what would happen.79. Picking up the kettle of boiling water, she moved quietly towards the door.80. A sharp cry was heard outside as the wire fell to the floor and the hand was pulledback, which was followed by the sound of running feet.81. It wasn' t long before the police caught the thief.82. Then, I noticed a tall man by the door, carrying something covered with brown paper.83. Turning to my next customer, I was terrified to see a gun stuck out of his coat.84. "Smith!" the manager cried out in a voice like thunder "None of your excuses! Go start work at once!85. Waiting above the crowded streets, on top of a building 110 stories high, was Philippe Pettit.86. Philippe took his first step with great care. The wire held Now he was sure he could do it.87. And thousands of terified(badly frightened)watchers stared with their hearts beating fast.88. Already she does many things a human being can do.89. She even enjoys watching television before going to bed.90. The measure of a man' s real character is what he would do if he knew he would never be found out.91.Thirty years after being introduced to McCauley' S words, they still seem to me the best yardstick(准绳), because they give us a way tomeasure ourselves rather than others.92. Few of us are asked to make great decisions about nations going to war or armies going to battle, but all of us are called upon daily to make a great many personal decisions.93. Here' s a fellow who just walks into a bank and helps himself to so much money.94. Todd thought of the difficulty with which he managed to get the amount of money he needed to start his gas station.95. Don' t pick up strangers and all your folks in gas stations better not do service to a white Ford car.96. "Fill her up”, the man said sounding like any other driver.97. It seemed that there was no suitable work for him.98. But when John and his fellow soldier came in sight some of the people watching couldn' t help laughing at the one who couldn' t keep pace with the others as they march along.99. They not only make it difficult to sleep at night, but they are doing damage to our houses and shops of historical interest.100. Hary also studying biology said they wanted to make as much noise as possible to force the government officials to realize what everybody was having to stand.。
难句在考研阅读、完型填空和翻译中的出现频率很高,无论句子有多长、结构有多复杂,它都由一些基本的成分组成的。
从结构来说,英语句子中,除了谓语之外,其它的成分均可以由从句或者非谓语动词来充当。
从句子本身是一个完整的句子,因此,从句与从句之间的关系可能包孕、套嵌,也可能并列,平行。
从功能来说,英语有三大复合句,即:①名词性从句,包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句:②形容词性从句,即我们平常所说的定语从句;③状语从句。
非谓语动词可以有自己的时态和语态(过去分词除外),也可以跟自己的逻辑主语、宾语、状语等成分,构成一个非谓语动词结构。
由于非谓语动词和从句的这些特点,使英语句子从理论上讲可以无限延长。
英语长句的分析方法:去枝叶,留主干。
1)划出句子中的定语从句和状语从句;2)划出所有介词短语(位于be 动词后的除外);3)名词性从句看作一个整体,找出句中所有的谓语结构、非谓语结构、介词短语和从句的引导词;4)非谓语动词结构看作一个整体;5)找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语,即句子的主干;6)分析从句的结构和非谓语动词的内部结构。
长难句分析的步骤举例:经典例题(2001 年考研完型填空第二段)In a significant tightening of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a draft bill that will propose making payments to witnesses illegal and will strictly control the amount of publicity that can be given to a case before a trial begins.分析:第一,划出定语从句和状语从句: that will propose making payments to witnesses illegal and will strictly control the amount of publicity /that can be given to a case /before a trial begins.第二,划出介词短语:In a significant tightening of legal controls over the press第三,句子的结构分析:(1)主干结构是主语(Lord Irvine 含同位语the Lord Chancellor )+将来时谓语(will introduce )+ 宾语( a draft bill );( 2) that 引导的定语从句修饰draft bill, 其中,will propose 是第一个谓语,making paymentsto witnesses illegal 是一个动名词短语做宾语,在动名词短语内部,payments to witnesses 做making 的宾语,illegal 是宾补;第二个谓语是will strictly control, the amount of publicity 是它的宾语。
that can be given to a case before a trial begins 是孕含有一个时间状语从句( before a trial begins )的定语从句,修饰publicity 。
请大家按照上述步骤认真分解以下70 个句子,并把分解后的句子读熟甚至背过,则基本上可以解决考研长难句问题。
1. This will be particularly true since energy pinch will make it difficult to continue agriculture in the high-energy American fashion that makes it possible to combine few farmers with high yields.结构分析:句子的主干是This will be particularly true 。
si n e e引导原因状语从句。
此从句中又套嵌一个由关系代词that引导的定语从句,修饰the high-energy American fashion。
在定语从句中,that 做主语,makes 做谓语,it 做形式宾语,不定式短语to combine few farmers with high yields则是真正的宾语(不定式短语内部to combine是主干,few farmers是宾语,with high yields是状语),possible做宾语补足语。
this指代前句中提到的这种困境。
energy pinch译为能源的匮乏” ;in e faohi译为用…方法、方式”。
译文:这种困境将是确定无疑的,因为能源的匮乏,高能量消耗这种美国耕种方式将很难在农业中继续下去,而这种耕种方式使投入少数农民就可获得高产成为可能。
2. Now since the assessment of intelligence is a comparative matter,we must be sure that the scalewith which we are comparing our subjects provides a comvpalaidriso”n. or “ fair ”结构分析:句子的主干是we must be sure … since弓丨导原因状语从句the assessment of intelligenee is a comparative matter。
主句中又有that 弓丨导的宾语从句that the scale with which we are comparing our subjects provides a “ valid ” or。
"此宾语从句中又套ofe—个由介词with+which 引导的定语从句with which we are comparing our subjects 修饰先行词the scale。
scale在此处意为尺度、衡量标准”。
译文:既然对智力的评估相比较而言的,那么我们必须确保,在对我们的对象进行比较时,我们所用的尺度能够提供“有效的”或“公平的”比较。
3. In general,the tests work most effectively when the qualities to be measured can be most precisely defined and least effectively when what is to be measured or predicted can be not well defined.结构分析:句子的框架是the tests work most effectively whe n …and least effectively when nd 连接两个并列分句,每个并列分句中皆有一个when 引导的时间状语从句分别说明work most effectively和and (work) least effectively。
第二个时间状语从句中还有一个主语从句what…predictedo the tests是主句的主语,work为动词做谓语。
qualities在此处是可数名词,不译为质量”而译为特征” defined不能直译为被定义为”而应译为主动语态界定译文:一般来说,当所需要测定的特征能被精确界定时,测试最为有效;而当所测定或预测的东西不能被明确界定时,测试效果最差。
4. For example,they do not compe nsate for gross social in equality,and thus do not tell how able an un derprivileged youn gster might have bee n had he grow n up un der more favorable circumsta nces.结构分析:句子的框架是they do not compensate ;•• and thus do not tell how o-a-nd 连接两个并列分句,第二个并列分句中由how引导的宾语从句是一个带有虚拟条件句的主从复合句;其中had he grown up ••- (=If he had grown up…)是省略了连词if的非真实条件句。
主句主语的they ;在此代指上文提到的tests; able在句中作might have been的表语。
underprivileged在此不能译为没有特权的”而译为没有地位的”或物质条件差的”。
译文:例如,测试并不能弥补明显的社会不公;因此,它们不能说明一个物质条件差的年轻人,如果在较好的环境中成长的话,会有多大才干。
5」t leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the con sideratio n huma ns exte nd to other huma ns ;or with no con siderati on at all.结构分析:句子的框架是It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that…冒号后的复合句是对冒号前部分作进一步说明。
复合句中that引导宾语从句,从句中有either…or •引导的两个并列的介词结构作状语,修饰动词be treated,其中第一个with介词结构中还有一个省略了关系代词that或which的定语从句humans extend to otherhuma ns;修饰the con sideration。
it代指上文的观点;即如果对人权没有达成一致看法;而谈论动物的权利是徒劳的。
介词短语at the outset译为从一开始”动词invites应转译为使”让"或促使” 动宾结构extend consideration to 意为给予关怀或关心” consideration不应译为考虑”。
译文:这种说法从一开始就将讨论引向极端,它使人们认为应该这样对待动物:要么像对人类自身一样关怀体谅;要么完全冷漠无情。