汽轮发电机：паротурбинный генератор
汽轮机、蒸汽涡轮：паровая турбина
背压、反压力：противодавление
I Power station电站
1. power station电站
2. power plant电站，发电设备
3. utility电力部门
4.independent power producer (IPP)独立发电项目，独立发电站
5.nuclear power station核电站
6. thermal power station火电站
7. fossil (fired) power plant化石燃料电站，常规火电站
8. combined heat power (CHP) plant热电联供机组
9. steam power plant蒸汽电站，蒸汽发电设备
10. cogeneration power station热电联供电站
11. coal fired power plant燃煤电站
12. oil fired power plant燃油电站
13. gas filed power plant燃气电站
14. LNG power plant (liquefied natural gas)燃液化天然气电站
15. BoP (balance of plant)电站辅机
16. I&C (instrumentation and control)仪表和控制系统
II Turbine透平，涡轮
17. Turbine透平，涡轮
18. steam turbine汽轮机
19. gas turbine燃气轮机
20. nuclear turbine核电汽轮机
21. fossil turbine火电汽轮机
22. industrial turbine工业透平
23. cogeneration turbine热电联供透平
24. condensing turbine凝汽式汽轮机
25. back pressure turbine背压式汽轮机
26. extraction turbine抽汽式汽轮机
27. extraction condensing turbine抽汽凝汽式汽轮机
28. single-extraction turbine单抽汽轮机
29. double-extraction turbine双抽汽轮机
30. mechanical drive turbine机械驱动汽轮机
31. HP (IP, LP) turbine高（中、低）压缸
32. sub-critical pressure turbine亚临界汽轮机
33. super-critical pressure (SC) turbine 超临界汽轮机
34. ultra-super critical (USC) pressure turbine超朝临界汽轮机
35. BFPT (boiler feed pump turbine)给水泵汽轮机
36. steam turbine with air-cooled condenser（air cooled steam turbine）空冷汽轮机
37. reheat turbine再热汽轮机
38. double-reheat turbine二次再热汽轮机
39. wet steam turbine湿蒸汽汽轮机
40. saturated steam turbine饱和蒸汽汽轮机
41. full-speed turbine全速汽轮机
42. half-speed turbine半速汽轮机
43. tandem compound turbine单轴汽轮机
44. cross compound turbine双轴汽轮机
45. super (over)-high pressure turbine过高压汽轮机
46. impulse (type) turbine冲动式汽轮机
47. reaction (type) turbine反动式汽轮机
48. axial flow turbine轴流透平
49. radial flow turbine径流透平
50. turbine with axial condenser轴向排汽汽轮机
51. turbine with horizontal joint带有水平中分面的汽轮机
52. turbine with vertical joint带有垂直中分面的汽轮机
53. double flow turbine两排汽汽轮机
54. triple flow turbine三排汽汽轮机
56. single-casing turbine单缸汽轮机
57. double-casing turbine双缸汽轮机
58. turbine proper汽轮机本体
59. oil turbine 油透平
60. hydraulic turbine水轮机
61. marine steam turbine船用汽轮机
62. aeroderivative gas turbine航改式燃气轮机
63. stationary steam turbine电站汽轮机
64. auxiliary turbine辅助透平
III Rotary parts回转件
65. rotor转子
66. rigid rotor刚性转子
67. flexible rotor挠性转子
68. solid (forged) rotor (monobloc rotor)整锻转子
69. welded rotor焊接转子
70. (hollow) drum (type) rotor鼓型转子
71. built-up rotor组装转子
72. rotor without center bore无中心孔转子
73. HP-LP integrated rotor高/低压一体化转子
74. shafting (shaft)轴系
75. HP (IP, LP) rotor高（中、低）压转子
76. thrust collar推力盘
77. journal轴颈
78. section of rotor转子区段
79. (first, second ) critical speed一阶（二阶）临界转速
80. extension shaft (spacer)中间轴，延伸段
81. coupling联轴节
82. flexible coupling挠性联轴节
83. rigid coupling刚性联轴节
84. semi-flexible coupling半挠性联轴节
85. half coupling联轴节半部
86. integral (forged) coupling整体（锻制）联轴节
87. shrunk-on coupling红套联轴节
88. spigot（rabbet）止口
89. disk (disc) 叶轮
90. rim (steeple)轮缘（枞树型叶根槽）
91. hub轮毂
92. body（web）轮体
93. T （fir tree-type ) groove T型（枞树型）叶根槽
94. balance hole (plane, weight, plug)平衡孔（平衡平面，平衡配重，平衡旋塞）
95. keyway键槽
96. disk of constant stress (conical profile)等强度（锥形）叶轮
97. disk of constant thickness等厚度叶轮
98. shrunk-on disk红套叶轮
99. blade叶片
100. moving (rotating, rotor) blade动叶
101. bucket 动叶
102. straight (tapered, twisted) blade直叶片（变截面叶片，扭曲叶片）
103. last stage (last but one, penultimate) blade末级叶轮（次末级叶片）
104. last (locking , gate) blade (piece)末叶片（锁紧叶片，锁紧件）
105. free-stand blade自由叶片
106. integral shroud blade整体围带叶轮
107. triple-pin blade三联叶片108. bow blade马刀型叶片
109. compound lean blade复合弯扭叶片
110. concave (pressure) side内弧（压力侧）
111. convex (suction) side 背弧（负压侧）
112. tenon铆钉头
113. leading (inlet) edge 进汽边
114. trailing (outlet, exit) edge出汽边
115. blade wake叶片尾流
116. convergent-divergent channel (CD passage)缩张通道
117. brazed (stellite) shield钎焊（斯太立）防蚀片
118. lacing hole拉筋孔
119. profile (section of blade)叶型，型线部分（叶片截面）
120. reaction（degree）反动度
121. cascade叶栅
122. blade root叶根
123. (three teeth, straight, curved ) fir- tree (blade) root（三齿直线/弧形）枞树型叶根124. ( five finger) fork type (blade) root（五叉）插入式叶根，叉型叶根125. tee (T-type) root T型叶根
126. inverted-T (blade) root倒T型叶根
127. straddle-type (blade) root 外包叶根
128. straddle inverted T-root 外包倒T型叶根
129. dovetail root (serrated root)燕尾型（齿型）叶根
130. lacing (tie) wire 拉筋
131. (lacing) lug (stub) 拉筋凸台
132. loose lacing wire松拉筋
133. tubular lacing wire管状拉筋
134. shroud (band，cover)围带
135. whole circle packed (continuously connected) shroud 整圈连接围带136. integral shroud整体围带
137. snubber整体围带
138. gauging (throat)喉节比（喉部）
139. pitch diameter节径，平均直径
140. top diameter（叶片）顶部直径
IV. Stationary parts静止件
141. casing (cylinder)汽缸，缸体
142. outer casing外缸
143. inner casing内缸
144. single-shell casing单层缸
145. double-shell casing双层缸
146. cover (upper half)上半部
147. base (lower half)下半部
148. horizontal (split) joint水平中分面
149. (massive) flange（厚）法兰
150. (casing) bore（汽缸）洼窝
151.fastener (bolt, nut, stud, dowel)紧固件（螺栓、螺母、螺柱、定位销）152. vertical flange垂直法兰
153. tightness气密性
154. inlet进口
155. exhaust排汽口
156. exhaust hood 排汽缸
157. guide plate导流板
158. diffuser扩压管
159. flange bolt hole法兰螺栓孔
160. shrunk-on ring红套箍环
161. combined HP-IP casing高中压合缸
162. thermal shield (baffle)挡热板
163. single (double) flow HP turbine单流（双流）高压缸
164. flow path (steam path)通流部分
165.center support system滑键系统
166. lug ( foot, pawl)猫爪
167. thermal insulation保温设施
168. enclosure (lagging)罩壳（外壳）
169. diaphragm隔板
170. blade ring ( diaphragm carrier)叶片持环，隔板套
171. outer (inner) ring (of diaphragm)（隔板）外环（内环，隔板体）
172. stationary (stator, guide ,nozzle) blade静叶，导叶，喷嘴
173. vane (partition) 静叶
174. cast-in (welded-in) diaphragm铸造（焊接）隔板rotary diaphragm回转隔板175. nozzle block (chest)喷嘴组（喷嘴室）
176. diaphragm deflection隔板挠度
177. bearing housing (pedestal)轴承箱
178. front bearing housing (standard) 前轴承箱
179. rear bearing housing 后轴承箱
180. floor(-type) bearing落地式轴承
181. bearing轴承
182. journal (radial) bearing支持轴承（径向轴承）
183. thrust ( axial) bearing推力轴承（轴向轴承）
184. tilting pad bearing可倾瓦轴承
185. Kingsburg type thrust bearing金斯布里推力轴承
186. Babbitt (white metal, bearing metal)巴氏合金
187. bearing bush轴承壳体
188. bearing body轴承体
189. bearing pad轴瓦
190. bearing cover (cap) 轴承上半
191. 360°bearing整圆轴承
192. elliptical bearing椭圆轴承
193. three wedge bearing三油楔轴承
194. self-aligning bearing自找中轴承
195. sleeve bearing套筒式轴承
196. sliding bearing滑动轴承
197. (oil) pocket (wedge)油袋（油楔）
198. oil film油膜
199. oil (film) whip油膜振荡
200. setting pad (segment)安装瓦块
201. working pad (segment)工作瓦块
202. oil ring (oil deflector)挡油环
203. oil film stiffness油膜刚度
204. armored thermocouple铠装式热电偶
V. Main Valves主要阀门
205. Main (HP) stop valve (MSV)主汽阀
206. control (governing) valve (CV, GV)调节阀
207. reheat (IP) stop valve(RSV)再热主汽阀
208. intercept valve再热调节阀
209. Combined main stop/governing valve联合式主汽/调节阀
210. butterfly valve蝶阀
211. piloted (pre-inlet) valve预启阀
212. fast valve快速动作阀
213. check (non-return) valve逆止阀
214. solenoid valve电磁阀
215. motor driven (operated) valve电动阀
216.drain valve疏水阀
217. diaphragm valve (atmospheric)膜片阀（大气阀）
218. relief (exhaust) valve释放阀（放汽阀）
219. safety valve安全阀
220. extraction valve 抽汽阀
221. stop valve截止阀
222. flap valve翻板阀
223. gate valve闸阀
224. steam chest蒸汽室
225. (valve) stem阀杆
226. (valve) disk (plug)阀碟
227. (valve ) seat阀座
228. (valve) bonnet (cover)阀帽（阀盖）
229. valve casing (chest)阀壳
230. (valve) travel (stroke)阀门行程
231. cross over (cross under)连通管
232. anti-jamming(stick) test防卡涩试验
VI. Various systems各种系统
(1) Control system (control and protection system)调节系统（调节保安系统）233. Electro-hydraulic control system电液调节系统
234. hydro-mechanical control system液压调节系统
235. DEH (digital electro-hydraulic control system)数字式电液调节系统
236. electro-hydraulic converter电液转换器
237. trip跳闸，脱扣
238. actuator执行机构
239. servomotor油动机
240. pilot (slide, spool) valve滑阀
241. piston活塞
242. piston rod活塞杆
243. (oil) cylinder油缸
244. (oil) window油口（窗）
245. overlap覆盖度
246. emergency governor危急遮断器
247. speed governor 调速器
248. MSV servomotor 主汽阀油动机
249. spring support操纵座
250. centrifugal stop bolt撞击子
251. LVDT (linear variable differential transformer)线性阀位传感器
252. safety test box安全试验盒
253. relay继电器，继动器
254. relay valve继动滑阀
255. axial displacement indicator (transducer)轴向位移指示器（传感器）256. overspeed protection超速保护
257. differential expansion detector (transducer)差胀检出器（传感器）258 lever杠杆
259. (cam type) steam distribution device凸轮式排汽机构
260. throttle governing节流调节
261. nozzle governing喷嘴调节
262. partial admission (degree)部分进汽（度）
263.full arc admission全周进汽
264. governing (control) stage (Curtis stage) 调节级（复速级）
(2) Oil system油系统
265. Main oil reservoir (tank)主油箱
266. turbine oil透平油
267. fire-resistant fluid抗燃油
268. lube (lubrication ) oil润滑油
269. HP control fluid高压控制油
270. pressure (feed) line (pipe)供油管道
271. return (relief) line (pipe) 回油管道
273. nested pipe （pipe in pipe）system套管式
274. demister除油雾器
275. fan风机
276. mist separator 油污分离器
277. oil purifier净油装置，油净化器
278. oil filter滤油器
279. oil cooler 冷油器
280. overflow valve溢流阀
281. oil vapour油雾，油气
282. main oil pump( shaft driven)主油泵
283. impeller（主油泵）叶轮
284. switch-over (change-over)切换
(3) Gland system汽封系统
285. Labyrinth gland 拉别林汽封，迷宫式汽封
286. gland housing (casing)汽封体
287. gland segment汽封弧段
288. gland (sealing) ring 汽封环
289. gland strip (comb)汽封片（齿）
290. brush sealing刷子汽封
291. leaf sealing薄叶汽封
292. diaphragm gland隔板汽封
293. gland over shroud (tip gland)围带汽封
294. shaft gland轴封
295. gland steam condenser (cooler)汽封冷却器
296. spring-back sealing回弹式汽封
297. gland leak-off 漏汽
298. gland ejector 汽封抽气器
299. packing盘根，填函，汽封
300. inner (outer) gland 内侧（外侧）汽封
301. gland chamber (pocket) 汽封腔室
302. dummy ring (balance piston)平衡环
(4) Drain system疏水系统
303. (drain) flash tank （疏水）扩容器
304. drain port 疏水口
305. cascade drain (system)逐级疏水
306. drain cooler疏水冷却器
(5) Bypass system旁路系统
307. capacity容量
308. HP (IP) bypass loop高压（中压）旁路回路
309. start with bypass system利用旁路系统启动
310. desuperheating and reducing device减温减压装置(6) Regenerative system回热系统
311. HP heater高压给水加热器（高加）
312. LP heater低压给水加热器（低加）deaerator除氧器313. terminal (temperature) difference (TTD) （温度）端差314. drain subcooler approach (DCA)疏水过冷段
315. shell side (design pressure)壳侧（设计压力）
316. tube side (design pressure)管侧（设计压力）
317. condensing zone冷凝区
318. drain subcooling zone疏水过冷区
319. direct contact (LP) heater混合式（低压）加热器320. U tube U型管
(7) Reheat system再热系统
321. Cold reheat line再热冷端管道
322. hot reheat line 再热热端管道
323. MSR (moisture separator reheater)汽水分离再热器324. (single) reheat（一次）再热
325. double reheat二次再热
VII Auxiliaries辅机
(1) Condenser凝汽器
326. Shell-tube type heat exchanger壳管式热交换器
327. surface condenser 表面式凝汽器
328. direct contact condenser混合式凝汽器
329. shell壳体
330. (divided) water box (chamber)（对分）水室
331. tube bundle管束
332. tube plate (sheet) 管板
333. support plate 支承隔板
334. tube cleaner管子清洗器
335. sponge ball cleaning system海绵球清洗系统336. double-shell condenser双壳体凝汽器
337. single pass condenser单流程凝汽器
338. air cooling zone空气冷却区
339 air (cooled) condenser空冷凝汽器
340. vacuum system真空系统
341. evacuate 抽真空
342. tube expander胀管器
343. condensate冷凝水
344. hot well (condensate sump)热井
345. cooling rate冷却速率
346. cleanness 清洁度
347. condensate pump凝结水泵
348. (condenser) neck（凝汽器）喉部
349. expansion joint膨胀接头
350. wave type (bellows) compensator波纹管补偿器351. deaerating capacity除氧能力
352. subcooling degree过冷度
353. non-condensed (condensable) gas不凝结气体354. booster pump增压泵
(2) Oil cooler冷油器
355. Filter过滤器strainer滤网
356. cartridge滤芯
357. vent通风口
358. clogging堵塞
359. twin-filter双联冷油器
360. on－line change-over (switch-over) 在线切换(3) Ejector 抽气器
361. Steam jet (air) ejector射汽抽气器
362. water jet (air) ejector 射水抽气器
363. (water ring) vacuum pump（水环）真空泵364. evacuation 抽真空
365. vacuum establishing (forming) 建立真空366. starting ejector启动抽气器
367. vacuum breaker真空破坏阀
(4) Turning gear (device) or barring gear盘车装置368. Bull gear大齿轮
369. driving gear驱动装置
370. worm and (worm) gear涡轮蜗杆副
371. turning by (every) 180°（每次）盘转180度
372. jacking-up oil pump顶轴油泵
373. (dis) engagement 啮合（脱开）
VIII Operation运行
374. Operation mode运行方式Start (up)启动
375. (emergency) shut down （紧急）停机
376. daily start- stop (DSS) 日启停
377. initial start初次启动
378. cold (state) start 冷态启动
379. warm start 温态启动
380. hot start 热态启动
381. extreme hot start极热态启动
382. base load (unit) 基荷机组
383. cyclic load循环负荷
384. peak load峰荷
385. peak shaving调峰
386. two-shift (operation)两班制（运行）
387. cyclic duty capacity变负荷能力
388. life cycle（使用）寿命
389. life expenditure (CLE)寿命消耗
390. life extension 寿命延长
391. trip(ping)跳闸
392. load tracking (following) capacity负荷跟踪能力
393. boiler-turbine coordination control锅炉－汽机协调控制
394. warming暖机
395. loading-up (down)升负荷（降负荷）
396. unloading甩负荷397. load throw-off甩负荷
398. run up升速399. run away飞车
400. idle running惰行，空负荷运行
401. speed up升速
402 synchronization同步
403. synchronizer同步器
404. connect to grid并网
405. rolling (by steam)冲转（用蒸汽）
406. fixed pressure (start)定压（启动）
407. sliding pressure (start)滑压（启动）
408. combined (hybrid) fixed/sliding pressure operation定压/滑压混合运行方式409. routine inspection日常检查
410. planned maintenance计划维修
411. overhaul (intervel)大修（间隔期）
412. forced outage rate (FOR)强迫停机率
413. repair检修
414. availability可用率
415. reliability可靠性
416. control room 控制室
417. corrosion腐蚀erosion浸蚀，水涮
418. stress corrosion cracking (SCC) 应力腐蚀裂纹419. latch-on (reset)挂闸
420. commission调试，试运行，交付使用
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of of 28. Your answer Correct answer at at 29. career. Your answer Correct answer out out 30. Your answer Correct answer in under Unit Two 1. When was the last time you were in _______ with your childhood friends? A. context B. contact C. control D. content 2. Like a boat at sea, his mind started to _______ when he wasn't interested. A. float B. soar
A ability能力 abrupt change突变 absolute expansion绝对膨胀 absorb吸收 acceleration limiter加速度限制器 accumulator蓄能器 accuracy精度、准确性 acid cleaning酸洗 actuator驱动器 additional safeguard oil附加保安油 adjustable key可调整销 admission steam进汽 aerodynamic loss空气动力损失 air compressor空气压缩机 airfoil叶片剖面 alarm报警 alarm value报瞥值 align对中 aligning pin对中销 alignment对中 all steam admission全周进汽 allowable stress允许应力 ambient temperature环境温度 ampere (A)安培 amplitude振幅 anchor bolt地脚螺栓 annular环行的 anti-interference抗干扰 approximate大约 argon arc welding氩弧焊 asbestos石棉 assembly组装的 asymmetrical不对称的、不均匀的atmosphere relief diaphragm防爆门 atmospheric pressure大气压力 atomizing type deaerator喷雾式除氧器attemperating water减温水 attemperator恒温器、保温装置automatically自动的 auxiliary附属设备 auxiliary oil pump辅助油泵 auxiliary power厂用电 auxiliary steam system辅助蒸汽系统 (厂用蒸汽系统) availability可利用率 average平均的
【练习版】大学英语1复习资料（考试用） 【阅读理解】 第一单元 About twenty of us schoolchildren had been fortunate enough to receive invitations to a film-studio to take part in a crowd-scene. Although our “art” would only (1)for three minutes, we were given the opportunity to see quite a number of interesting things. Soon after we arrived , bright lights were turned on. Since it was very hot in the studio, it came as a (2) to us to see one of the actors put on a overcoat. He (3) a hat down over his eyes , put his hands in his pockets, and started walking along a winding path. A big fan began (4) small white feathers down on him, and soon the bare trees were covered in “snow”. Two more fans were turned on, and a “strong wind”whistled through the trees. The first actor was dragging through the snow when the second, (5) as a beggar, began walking towards him trembling with cold. The next (6) was a complete contrast. The way it was filmed was quite (7) .Pictures taken on an island in the Indian Ocean were shown on a glass screen. An actor and an actress stood in front of the (8) so that they looked as if they were at the water’s edge on an island. Since it was our (9) next, we were left wondering what scene would be prepared for us .For a full three minutes in our lives we would be experiencing the (10) of being film “stars”! Instructions dressed image surprise excitement scence shaking pulled blowing sequence turn extraordinary severe last anticipate 第二单元 When he got the call that his son was ill in California and not expected to live for long, Bill didn’t know (1) he was going to get the money for his wife and himself to make the trip. Bill had worked as a truck driver his entire life, but he never managed to have any (2). So with (3) Bill walked the mile to the filling station and told the owner, ”My son is really sick and I’ve got no cash. Can you trust me for the phone call to California?” “Pick up the (4) and talk as long as you need to,” was the answer. As
调节保安系统governing and protection system 油系统oil system 辅机系统auxiliary system 安装要求requirement for installation 技术规范specification 辅助设备auxiliary equipment 安装数据data on installation 工况图condition curves 凝汽式汽轮机condensing steam turbine 转子部分rotary part 主轴main shaft 联轴器coupling 主油泵main oil pump 叶轮叶片bladed wheels 盘车齿轮turning gear 静子部分stationary part 汽缸casing 喷嘴组nozzle blocks 隔板diaphragm 挡板damper 汽封gland 轴承bearing 轴承座bearing housing 油动机servomotor 调节汽阀steam governing valve 公用底盘common chassis 单缸结构single casing structure 前汽缸inlet casing 后汽缸exhaust casing 垂直中分面vertical splits 主汽门main stop valve 调节汽阀蒸汽室steam chamber of steam governing valve 新蒸汽live steam 碳素钢welding carbon steel 铸钢steel casting 排汽室exhaust chamber 凝汽器condenser 排气接管exhaust adapter 膨胀节expansion loop 汽轮机本体steam turbine proper 猫爪lugs 沿轴向的axially 推力thrusting force 底脚法兰foot flanges 滑销系统sliding key system 纵销longitudinal keys 横销cross keys 立销vertical keys 润滑油槽oil grooves 润滑油lubricating oil 地脚螺栓anchor bolts 压紧螺栓hold-down bolts 调节级control stage 汽缸筒体casing barrel word.
ABC 分析 不正常性 横坐标 品质名词（中英 对照） ABC analysis Abnormality Abscissa Absolute deviation 绝对离差 Absolute dispersion 绝对离势 Absolute error 绝对误差 Absolute frequency 绝对次数 Absolute number 绝对数 Absolute reliability 绝对可靠度 Absolute term 绝对项 Absolute value 绝对值 Absolute variation 绝对变异 Abstract number 抽象数 Abstract unit 抽象单位 Accelerated factor 加速系数，加速因子 Accelerated life test 加速寿命试验 Accelerated test 加速试验 Acceleration 加速度 Acceptable limit 允收界限 Acceptable process 允收制程水平 Acceptable quality 允收品质 Acceptable quality level (AQL) 允收质量水平 Acceptable reliability level (ARL) 允收可靠度水平 Acceptability 允收性 Acceptability criterion 允收标准 Acceptance 允收，验收 Acceptance, probability of 允收机率 Acceptance, region of 允收区域 Acceptance and rejection criteria 允收与拒收准则 Acceptance boundary 允收界限 Acceptance coefficient 允收系数 Acceptance control chart 验收管制图
1-50 Paper One Part I Vocabulary and Structure Directions: There are a number of incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. 1. There are many ways of _D_______ this problem. A) tackling B) fulfilling C) cutting off D) suppressing（抑制） 2. This part of the town is quite poor. The wealthy A________ is near the river. A) property B) neighborhood C) greenhouse D) surroundings 3. Grants are expected to total nearly $10 million over the next three years to 12 organizations to ___A_____ research into strategies that will increase the number of U.S. organ and tissue donors. A) expand B) extend C) stretch D) enlarge 4. The employer has the responsibility to provide workers a safe place to work, and to assure the ___D_____ worker has prompt medical treatment when injured without discrimination. A) slaughtered B) killed C) sliced D) injured 5. There are some things that we understand, but ___C_____ animals know nothing. A) that B) which C) about which D) for which 6. Seeing Bob coming in, she _D_______ in the middle of her story. A) gave up B) broke off C) relieved D) retreated 7. No one knows who killed her, but the police B________ her husband. A) doubt B) suspect C) expect D) predict 8. Pick the chair up instead of __C______ it along the ground. A) choking B) grasping C) dragging D) handling 9. When the fire engine arrived the house was already ___D_____ flames. A) within B) under C) in D) on 10. God __B______ that you should ever regret your marriage. A) prohibit B) disallow C) forbid D) proscribe 11. He is __D______ a farmer but he also writes novels. A) completely B) necessarily C) essentially D) remarkably 12. They have equipped the office with the _C_______ business machines. A) last B) latter C) latest D) later 13. The cat, sleeping in the sunlight, lay motionless as if it __C______ dead. A) should be B) has been C) were D) had been 14. We have enough time to __A______ the food and drinks before the guests arrive. A) lay out B) take over C) smooth out D) take advantage of
北极星电力 中国电力联盟 孤独不孤 5854210 zzw19890219 豆丁 5854210 汽轮机英语词汇 TURBINE VOCABULARY I Power station电站 1. power station电站 2. power plant电站，发电设备 3. utility电力部门 4.independent power producer (IPP)独立发电项目，独立发电站 5.nuclear power station核电站 6. thermal power station火电站 7. fossil (fired) power plant化石燃料电站，常规火电站 8. combined heat power (CHP) plant热电联供机组 9. steam power plant蒸汽电站，蒸汽发电设备 10. cogeneration power station热电联供电站 11. coal fired power plant燃煤电站 12. oil fired power plant燃油电站 13. gas filed power plant燃气电站 14. LNG power plant (liquefied natural gas)燃液化天然气电站 15. BoP (balance of plant)电站辅机 16. I&C (instrumentation and control)仪表和控制系统 II Turbine透平，涡轮 17. Turbine透平，涡轮 18. steam turbine汽轮机 19. gas turbine燃气轮机 20. nuclear turbine核电汽轮机 21. fossil turbine火电汽轮机
统计学词汇中英文对照完整版 Absolute deviation, 绝对离差 Absolute number, 绝对数 Absolute residuals, 绝对残差 Acceleration array, 加速度立体阵 Acceleration in an arbitrary direction, 任意方向上的加速度Acceleration normal, 法向加速度 Acceleration space dimension, 加速度空间的维数Acceleration tangential, 切向加速度 Acceleration vector, 加速度向量 Acceptable hypothesis, 可接受假设 Accumulation, 累积 Accuracy, 准确度 Actual frequency, 实际频数 Adaptive estimator, 自适应估计量 Addition, 相加 Addition theorem, 加法定理 Additive Noise, 加性噪声 Additivity, 可加性 Adjusted rate, 调整率 Adjusted value, 校正值 Admissible error, 容许误差 Aggregation, 聚集性 Alpha factoring,α因子法 Alternative hypothesis, 备择假设 Among groups, 组间 Amounts, 总量 Analysis of correlation, 相关分析 Analysis of covariance, 协方差分析 Analysis Of Effects, 效应分析 Analysis Of Variance, 方差分析 Analysis of regression, 回归分析 Analysis of time series, 时间序列分析 Analysis of variance, 方差分析 Angular transformation, 角转换 ANOVA （analysis of variance）, 方差分析 ANOVA Models, 方差分析模型 ANOVA table and eta, 分组计算方差分析 Arcing, 弧/弧旋 Arcsine transformation, 反正弦变换 Area 区域图 Area under the curve, 曲线面积 AREG , 评估从一个时间点到下一个时间点回归相关时的误差
1．额定功率（铭牌功率TRL）是指在额定的主蒸汽及再热蒸汽参数、背压11.8KPa 绝对压力，补给水率3％以及回热系统正常投入条件下，考虑扣除非同轴励磁、润滑及密封油泵等所耗功率后，制造厂能保证在寿命期内任何时间都能安全连续地在额定功率因素、额定氢压（氢冷发电机）下发电机输出的功率。此时调节阀应仍有一定裕度，以保证满足一定调频等需要。在所述额定功率定义条件下的进汽量称为额定进汽量。 2．最大连续功率（T－MCR）是指在1.额定功率条件下，但背压为考虑年平均水温等因素确定的背压，（设计背压）补给水率为0％的情况下，制作厂能保证在寿命期内安全连续在额定功率因素、额定氢压（氢冷发电机）下发电机输出的功率。该功率也可作为保证热耗率和汽耗率的功率。保证热耗率考核工况：系指在上述条件下，将出力为额定功率时的热耗率和汽耗率作为保证，此工况称为保证热耗率的考核工况。 3．阀门全开功率（VWO）是指汽轮机在调节阀全开时的进汽量以及所述T-MCR 定义条件下发电机端输出的功率。一般在VWO下的进汽量至少应为额定进汽量的1.05倍。此流量应为保证值。上述所指是由主汽轮机机械驱动或由主汽轮机供汽给小汽轮机驱动的给水泵，所需功率不应计算在额定功率中，但进汽量是按汽动给水泵为基础的，如果采用电动给水泵时，所需功率应自额定功率中减除（但在考核热耗率和汽耗率时是否应计入所述给水泵耗工，可由买卖双方确定）。 二.锅炉 1.锅炉额定蒸发量，即是汽轮机在TRL工况下的进汽量。对应于：汽轮机额定功率TRL，指在额定进汽参数下，背压11.8KPa，3％的补给水量时，发电机端带额定电功率MVA。
2.锅炉额定蒸发量，也对应汽轮机TMCR工况。对应于：汽轮机最大连续出力TMCR，指在额定进汽参数下，背压4.9KPa，0％补给水量，汽轮机进汽量与TRL 的进汽量相同时在发电机端所带的电功率MVA。 3.锅炉最大连续出力（BMCR），即是汽轮机在VWO工况下的汽轮机最大进汽量。对应于：汽轮机阀门全开VWO工况，指在额定进汽参数下，背压 4.9KPa，0％补给水量时汽轮机的最大进汽量。 注： a.汽机进汽量和锅炉蒸发量是按机组采用汽动给水泵考虑的。 b.在TMCR工况下考核汽机热耗和锅炉效率的保证值。在VWO工况下考核汽机最大进汽量和锅炉最大连续出力保证值。 c.一般说，汽机TMCR时的出力比之TRL时的出力大5％左右。汽机VWO时的进汽量比之TMCR时的进汽量多3～5％，出力则多4～4.5％。 d.如若厂用汽需用量较大时，锅炉BMCR的蒸发量考虑比汽机VWO时的进汽量再增多3％左右。 e.不考虑超压条件。 f.TMCR工况下汽机背压4.9KPa为我国北方地区按冷却水温为20℃的取值。在我国南方地区可根据实际冷却水温取值，调整为5.39KPa或更高些。 ６００ＭＷ机组 １机组热耗保证工况（ＴＨＡ工况）机组功率（已扣除励磁系统所消耗的功率）为６００ＭＷ时，额定进汽参数、额定背压、回热系统投运、补水率为０％．２铭牌工况（ＴＲＬ工况）机组额定进汽参数、背压１１．８ＫＰa、补水率３％，回热系统投运下安全连续运行，发电机输出功率（已扣除励磁系统所消耗的
. 调节保安系统governing and protection system 油系统oil system 辅机系统auxiliary system 安装要求requirement for installation 技术规specification 辅助设备auxiliary equipment 安装数据data on installation 工况图condition curves 凝汽式汽轮机condensing steam turbine 转子部分rotary part 主轴main shaft 联轴器coupling 主油泵main oil pump 叶轮叶片bladed wheels 盘车齿轮turning gear 静子部分stationary part 汽缸casing 喷嘴组nozzle blocks 隔板diaphragm 挡板damper 汽封gland 轴承bearing 轴承座bearing housing 油动机servomotor 调节汽阀steam governing valve 公用底盘common chassis 单缸结构single casing structure 前汽缸inlet casing 后汽缸exhaust casing 垂直中分面vertical splits 主汽门main stop valve 调节汽阀蒸汽室steam chamber of steam governing valve 新蒸汽live steam 碳素钢welding carbon steel 铸钢steel casting 排汽室exhaust chamber 凝汽器condenser 排气接管exhaust adapter 膨胀节expansion loop 汽轮机本体steam turbine proper 猫爪lugs 沿轴向的axially 推力thrusting force 底脚法兰foot flanges 滑销系统sliding key system 纵销longitudinal keys 横销cross keys 立销vertical keys 润滑油槽oil grooves 润滑油lubricating oil
索玉柱编 Part I Vocabulary and Structure Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. 01. The independent counselor, Mr. Starr, ________ USA President, Bill Clinton, of sexual harassment. A) blamed B) charged C) scolded D) accused 02. He ________ a long pole in the center of the field, and on the top of it I hung the lamp. A) put up B) put out C) put on D) put up with 03. After taking office, China's Prime Minister, Mr. Zhu Rongji tried his best to promote the new ______ policies. A) economic B) economical C) economy D) economics 04. Look at these clouds. ________. A) It will rain B) It's going to rain C) It will be raining D) It is to rain 05. Living here in the deep forest with no one else near you must be very ________. A) sole B) alone C) only D) lonely 06. This committee ________ 3 personnel appointed by the Owner and 5 appointed by the Contractor. A) is composed of B) consists in C) makes up D) sets out 07. They have been _______ with that company for many years. A) comparing B) dealing C) keeping D) combining 08. If you want to know the times of buses, please ________ at the office. A) inquire B) inform C) require D) request
abating 硬度降低 abc 自动锅炉控制 aberration 象差 abjustable spanner 活动]扳手 abjusting spring 蝶弹簧 ablation 烧蚀 ablative cooling 烧蚀冷却 ablative material 烧蚀材料 above critical state 超临界状态abradability 磨耗性 abrasion 磨损 abrasion resistance 耐磨性 abrasion test 磨损试验 abrasion tester 磨耗试验机 abrasion wear 磨料磨损 abrasive 磨料 abrasive band 砂带 abrasive belt 砂带 abrasive belt grinding 砂带磨光 abrasive belt grinding machine 砂带磨床abrasive cloth 砂布 abrasive cut off machine 砂轮切断机abrasive cut off wheel 切割砂轮 abrasive ecp 磨料电解抛光 abrasive grain 磨粒 abrasive jet machining 磨料喷射加工abrasive machining 研磨加工 abrasive paper 砂纸 abrasive paste 研磨膏 abrasive powder 研磨粉 abrasive resistance 耐磨性 abrasive tool 研磨工具 abrasive wear 磨料磨损 abrasive wheel 砂轮 abrasive wire sawing machine 砂线切割机床abscissa 横坐标absolute 绝对的 absolute acceleration 绝对加速度 absolute assembler 绝对汇编程序 absolute black body 绝对黑体 absolute ceiling 绝对升限 absolute coordinates 绝对坐标 absolute digital control 绝对数字控制 absolute encoder 绝对编码器 absolute error 绝对误差 absolute humidity 绝对湿度 absolute interchangeability 完全互换性 absolute measurement 绝对测量 absolute motion 绝对运动 absolute position of manipulator 机械手的绝对位置absolute position of robot 机扑的绝对位置absolute pressure 绝对压力 absolute system of units 绝对单位制 absolute temperature 绝对温度 absolute unit 绝对单位 absolute unit system 绝对单位制 absolute value 绝对值 absolute velocity 绝对速度 absolute zero 绝对零度 absorb 吸收 absorbability 吸收性 absorbent 吸收剂 absorber 吸收剂 absorptiometer 吸收计 absorption 吸收 absorption coefficient 吸收系数 absorption dynamometer 吸收式测功器absorption factor 吸收系数 absorption hygrometer 吸收湿度计 absorption refrigerating machine 吸收式冷冻机absorption refrigeration 吸收式制冷 absorption refrigerator 吸收式冷冻机 absorptive power 吸收率 absorptivity 吸收率 ac 交流交变电流 ac arc welder 交羚弧焊机 ac arc welding 交羚弧焊接 ac edm 适应控制电火花机床 ac generator 交立电机 ac motor 交羚动机 accelerated motion 加速运动 accelerated test 加速试验 accelerating ability 加速能力 accelerating pump 加速泵 acceleration 加速 acceleration diagram 加速度图 acceleration of gravity 重力加速度 acceleration pick up 加速度传感器
大学英语一级期末考试出题要求
2011-2012学年度第一学期期末考试说明 一级期末考试范围 New College English Book 2： 1 – 6单元Creative Reading Book 1: 1-12单元Focus Listening and Speaking Book 2: 1-12单元 Fast Reading Book 1: 全册 一、试题构成 1.听力理解25％ 1）出题形式：单选题、听写题 2）考点：考查学生综合听力理解能力，检 查推荐的听力内容。 3）出题范围：*8个短对话，2篇短文或长 对话，占15％。单选题，8个短对 话每题一分，2篇短文或长对话7 个问题，每题一分，共15分。 *1－2篇听写填空题， 出自《大学英语听说》 （外教社版）第2册， 占10％。填空题总共留 出10个空格由学生填 词，每题一分，共10
分。 4）分数比例：占整个考试25％，每题1分，共25分。出题内容教材内占15分，其中听写占10分；教材外占10分。 5）答题要求： Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear eight short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
参数的选择对汽轮机内效率浅析 原创：孙维兵连云港碱厂22042 摘要：简要叙述电力和工业用汽轮机的内效率，以及蒸汽初、终参数选择对对全厂能耗的影响。 关键词：汽轮机内效率蒸汽参数能耗 一、汽轮机内效率 1、背压汽轮机数据模拟本表来源某碱厂6000kw背压机组，带下划线的为表计显示值。其他为计算或模拟值。
本机组型号B6－35 /5，设计蒸汽压力℃，排汽压力。设计内效率%。 由于蒸汽和喷管叶片的磨擦生热，被蒸汽吸收后汽温提高，在下一级得到利用，机组级数越多，利用次数越多，总内效率有所提高。热机内效率η＝100％×实际焓降÷理想焓降，汽轮机的内效率表示的是设计的汽轮机组的完善程度，相当于存在的所有不可逆损失的大小，即实际利用的焓降与理论上能达到的焓降的比值。 严济慈说：“所费多于所当费，或所得少于所应得，都是一种浪费”。提高热机的热效率的方法有二种，一是提高高温热源的温度，二是降低低温热源即环境的温度；低温热源变化较小，因此提高蒸汽初温和初压就成为提高机组的热效率的途径。相对地，提高热机的内效率则基本上只有一种方法，即设计更完善的机组使汽机内部各种不可逆损失减少到最少。 从热力学第二定律上看，冷源损失是必不可少的，如果用背压抽汽供热机组，它是将冷源损失算到热用户上，导致所有背压热效率接近100%，但内效率差距仍然很大。 2、纯碱行业真空透平机、压缩透平机和背压汽轮机相对内效率比较
各个背压供热机组热效率都接近100%，但汽耗率分别为、、、kg/kwh，即消耗同样多的蒸汽量发出的电能有大有小。小容量汽轮机的汽封间隙相对较大，漏汽损失较大，同时由于成本投资所限，汽轮机级数少，设计的叶型也属早期产品，所以容量小的机组内效率很低。目前电力系统主力机组亚临界压力汽轮机组都较大，总内效率高达90-92%，热力学级数达到27级；相比于发电用汽轮机，工业汽轮机级数少，内效率偏低，明显是不经济的。 3、喷咀和喷管。冲动式汽轮机的蒸汽在静止的喷咀中膨胀加速，冲击汽轮机叶片。对喷咀来说，存在临界压力和临界压力比。如渐缩喷管，流量达到最大值时，出口压力p2与进口压力p1之比βc约为，当背压p2下降低于βc ×p1时，实际流量和汽体的速度不再增加，相当于压力降白白损失了。反动式汽轮机内效率较高，但单级压降较冲动式更小。纯碱厂常用的压缩工业汽轮机有11级，但压力降能力较小，实际运行时内效率不高。真空岗位的工业汽轮机，只有一级双列速度级，单级压力降能力是有限的，如果选择的排汽参数太小，那
基本专业英语一、常用运行 ON开（状态，常指信号） OFF关（状态，常指信号） OPEN开(状态，常指阀门) CLOSE关（状态，常指阀门） START启动 STOP停止 ALARM报警 OPERATE运行；操作 TRIP跳闸 TEST试验 INDICATION；DISPLAY指示；显示 INLET入口 OUTLET出口 INPUT输入 OUTPUT输出 AUTOMATION/MANUAL(HAND)自动/手动 AUXILIARY辅助 LOCAL就地 REMOTE摇控 PRESSURE压力 TEMPERATURE温度 FLOW流量 SPEED速度 RPM转/分 SYSTEM系统 BYPASS旁路 PIPE；TUBE管道，管子 PURGE吹扫 V AL VE阀门 UNIT单元、机组 PRINT打印 CURVE，LINE曲线，线 BALANCE平衡 INSTRUMENT AND CONTROL仪表与控制 MODE方式，模式 SET POINT设定点 TRANSMITTIER；TRANSDUCER变送器；传感器 CODE代码；编码 DA TA数据；文件；资料 STATIC静态
DYNAMIC动态 COLD START—UP冷态启动 W ARM START—UP温态启动 HOT START—UP热态启动 RESET复位 SELECT选择 UNA V AIL不允许(不能投用的) FAST快 SLOW慢 NORMAL正常 INCREAS增加 DECREAS减少 二、锅炉部分 BOILER锅炉 SUPERHEATER过热器 REHEATER再热器 WA TERW ALL水冷壁 DOWM COMER下降管 HEADER联箱、母管 STEAM DRUM汽包 DURM PRESSURE汽包压力 A TTEMPERA TOR减温器 SPRAY喷水 ECONOMIZER省煤器 ISOLATION隔离；绝缘 CHIMNEY；STACK烟囱 FLUE GAS烟气 WA TER水 STEAM蒸汽 SAFETY V AL VE安全阀 DRAIN AND VENT疏水和排气 Boiler Maximum Continuous Rating锅炉最大连续出力 PRESSURE DIFFERENCE压差 BOILER TRIP RESET锅炉跳闸复位 OPERATE MODE SELECT运行方式选择 MANUAL MODE手动方式 MAIN STEAM TEMP/PRESSURE/FLOW主汽温度/压力/流量FEED W ATER FLOW给水流量 REHEATER再热器 manhole人孔，检修孔 Taps接头 pipe taps管接头 test wells测点插孔