北大学课程考核试卷
xxxx---xxxx学年第一学期xxxx级xxxx专业（类）
考核科目大学英语三课程类别必修课考核方式闭卷卷别 B （注：考生务必将答案写在答题纸上，写在本试卷上的无效）
I. Listening Comprehension (30 marks)
Part 1: Short dialogues (10 marks, 1 mark each)
Directions: Listen to the short dialogs and then choose the correct answers to the questions.
1. A. She did not take the shopping list along with her.
B. She did not write a shipping list.
C. She does not want to shop in a crowded supermarket.
D. She wants to finish shopping quickly.
2. A. Write a statement for the woman.
B. Revise what the woman will write.
C. Fill in forms for the woman.
D. Apply to an American university for admission.
3. A. Contemporary women no longer want to obey their husbands.
B. Modern girls no longer love their husbands.
C. At the marriage ceremony the bride should promise to obey her husband.
D. At the marriage ceremony the bride should show loyalty to her husband.
4. A. She is weak in doing projects. B. She is weak in studies.
C. She tends to work whole-heartedly.
D. She is not willing to start a project.
5. A. The football match should be called off.
B. The meeting should not include new items.
C. The meeting should have another two items.
D. The football should be included in the agenda.
6. A. It is important to offer an online friend a drink.
B. It is delightful to get a drink from an online friend.
C. Ensure that nobody puts anything harmful into your drink.
D. Be sure to shake the drink before you take it.
7. A. The wildfire in Spain is a good thing.
B. The wildfires are changing the climate.
C. Her son studies environmental protection in college.
D. Her son is protecting the environment.
8. A. 2 kilograms. B. 3 kilograms. C. 23 kilograms. D. 28 kilograms.
9. A. Stories about monsters. B. Stories about pirates.
C. Children not afraid of fighting.
D. Children in strange costumes.
10. A. Nasdaq takes an average of all its stocks while Dow does not.
B. Dow takes the average of its all its stocks while Nasdaq does not.
C. Neither uses the average of its stocks.
D. Both take an average of all their stocks.
Part 2:Long dialogues and multiple choice questions (5 marks, 1 mark each) Directions: Listen to the following recording, then choose the correct answers to the questions.
Now listen to questions 11 to 15.
11. How much percent of the courses has the student missed?
A. About 10 percent.
B. About 25 percent.
C. About 50 percent.
D. About 75 percent.
12. What trouble is the student likely to have?
A. He is likely to fail the courses and repeat the grade.
B. He is likely to get a poor mark and lose his scholarship.
C. He is likely to take a make-up exam.
D. He is still likely to get a pass.
13. How important is what a student says in class?
A. It accounts for 50 percent of the total grade.
B. It accounts for 15 percent of the total grade.
C. It accounts for 50 percent of the seminar grade.
D. It accounts for 15 percent of the seminar grade.
14. What does the professor NOT advise the student to do?
A. Take part in class activities.
B. Apologize to all teachers.
C. Speak in class.
D. Attend the classes for the rest of the semester.
15. What can we infer from the conversation?
A. Speaking is more important than reading.
B. Speaking is more important than writing.
C. Class participation is an important part of the course.
D. Top students do not have to speak a lot in class.
Part 3:Short passages and multiple choice questions (5 marks, 1 mark each) Directions: Listen to the following recording, then choose the correct answers to the questions.
Now listen to questions 16 to 20.
16. According to Jones, why do top students take notes in class?
A. Because the notes help you remember the text.
B. Because students who failed to attend the lecture will borrow the notes.
C. Because teachers will test you on what they believe to be important.
D. Because teachers give them additional information beside the textbook.
17. What is special about Jack Smith's "homemade" system?
A. He compares his notes from the lecture with those from his reading.
B. He puts more emphasis on his notes from the lecture with those from his reading.
C. He puts more emphasis on his notes from the lecture with those from his reading.
D. He emphasizes listening attentively instead of taking notes.
18. What does Anderson do right before the bell rings?
A. He writes down the last few sentences the teacher says.
B. He writes a short summary of the main ideas of the lesson.
C. He scans the lesson for the next day.
D. He gets ready to rush out.
19. What does class participation involve?
A. Asking the teacher questions.
B. Showing interest in learning.
C. Displaying one's potential.
D. Both A) and B).
20. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A. Secrets of successful students.
B. Methods for academic success and the reasons.
C. Top and bottom students.
D. Top students take notes.
Part 4: Compound dictation (10 marks, S1-S7 0.5 mark each, S8-S9 2 marks each, S10 2.5 marks)
Directions:Listen to the passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, listen for the general idea. When the passage is read the second
time, fill in the blanks numbered from S1 to S7 with the exact words you
hear. For blanks numbered from S8 to S10, write down either the exact
words you hear or the main points in your own words. When the passage
is read for the third time, check your answers.
As you may have already discovered, paying for a S1 education in the United States can be very expensive. But with S2 preparation, you may minimize the costs of this extraordinary S3 ; visit our financing page to learn more about paying for S4 . In this section, we S5 money matters that you may S6 __ on a daily basis during your S7 in the States.
As with any country, S8 ________________ around with you. There are other options such as credit cards or traveler's checks, which are all valid forms with which to pay for things in U.S.A.
Traveler's checks are one of the safest and easiest ways to transport money, because S9______________________. If you choose to carry traveler's checks with you from your home country to the States, be sure they are denominated in U.S. funds.
Most businesses --- except taxi drivers and public transportation personnel --- will accept U.S.-denominated traveler's checks during regular business hours, typically between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m., Monday through Friday. It is wise to bring about $100 with you in U.S. cash, S10 .
II. Reading Comprehension (Skimming and scanning) (10 marks, 1 mark each) Directions: Read the following passages, and then answer the questions. For questions 21–27, mark Y (YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage, mark N (NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage, mark N G (NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. For questions28－30, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
Drinking in America
Drinking in America is very unique. It cannot be explained briefly, as is possible when describing drinking in many other countries. There are special laws to limit drinking, and Americans enjoy their own tastes.
Alcohol
American laws concerning alcohol differ from state to state and city to city. In some towns, even states, alcohol is not allowed for sale at all except for the very weak 3.2 percent alcohol beer, know n as ―three-two‖ beer. Some places do not allow the sale of alcohol on Sundays, even in shops—you may find a bar with locks on its alcohol shelves. Other places permit alcohol to be sold on Sunday afternoons and evenings, but not on Sunday mornings. In many parts of America, you are not allowed to drink alcohol in a public place. That is, you may not sit in a park or walk along a street while drinking beer, and you cannot even take a nice bottle of wine on your picnic. And in many states you are not allowed to drink alcohol while driving, or even have an opened alcohol bottle in the car. Some bars have a license only for beer and wine. Others are also allowed to sell spirits (烈性酒) and, as Americans say, ―mixed drinks‖. Many bars have a period known as ―happy hour‖, often longer than an hour, when they sell drinks at lower-than-usual prices. This is usually around 5 p.m. and may be only on certain days of the week.
The Legal Drinking Age
The legal drinking age differs from place to place but is generally between 18 and 21. Some places permit the consumption of beer at 18 but spirits only at 21. Others permit the consumption only of ―three-two‖ beer from 18 to 21. Y oung peopl e therefore often drive from one place to another with more free drinking laws. In some parts of the US young people are allowed to vote, marry, raise children, keep full-time jobs, be tried in courts as adults, join the army and even buy guns—but NOT have a glass of beer. In some places people aged between 18 and 21 are allowed to go into bars but not allowed to drink.
Another even more interesting aspect of American drinking age laws is that in some places people below legal drinking age are not even allowed to sell alcohol. Proof of Legal Drinking Age
In most places these drinking laws are fairly rigidly kept. Y ou may, for example, find people lining up to get into a bar and discover that the line is caused by a guard on the door who is asking everybody for identification. If you ask him why he wants to know who you are, he will inform you that he actually wants proof of how old you are. On such occasions Americans often show their driving licenses, which have their date of birth written on them.
Beer
American beer, with very few exceptions, ranges from the average to the terrible. There are not many types of beer in the US—‖light‖ and ―dark‖ are two terms commonly used.
It is therefore normal to order beer simply by brand names. In a restaurant, in fact, i t is quite all right to order ―a beer‖, and they will tell you what they have.
It is not necessary, either, to specify quantity when ordering beer. If it comes in bottles or cans, you will get a bottle or can, and if it’s ―on tap‖（可以随时取用的），you will get a glass, unless you order a ―pitcher‖（大酒罐）. The latter is very convenient to serve, since you can then take the pitcher and glasses to your table and keep filling up without going back to the bar. It is harder, however, to know how much you have drunk.
Some beer comes in bottles with taps that look as if they need an opener, but you
can, in fact, open them up by hand—though you have to be very careful not to hurt yourself. It is possible, in some stores and bars, to find a wide variety of beer from all over the world, especially Western Europe and Australia, and it is fun to try them. Cocktail (鸡尾酒)
Cocktails and ―mixed drinks‖ are much more popular and stronger in the US than in Europe, and visitors may not be familiar with some of the term. ―On the rocks‖, as you probably know, means with ice, while ―straight up‖ or ―up‖ means neat and without ice. There are hundreds of different cocktails, and there is no space here to list all the different names.
Whiskey
In America ―whiskey‖ means bourbon unless otherwise indicated. Bourbon（波旁威士忌）is a rather oily spirit made from corn. Rye (黑麦) whiskey is ca lled ―rye‖ and Scotch whiskey ―Scotch‖.
Wine
In bars wine can often be bought by the glass. Don’t be misled by names. ―Chablis‖ is used to refer to white wine, and ―Burgundy‖ to red—Americans seem never to have heard of white Burgundy.
21.( ) Limits on drinking in the US are the strictest in the world.
22.( ) Alcohol in some states can be sold if they are not very strong.
23.( ) In many states people are not allowed to drink alcohol while driving but
they
can keep opened alcohol bottles in the car.
24.( ) The legal drinking age in the US is between 18 and 21.
25.( ) Americans often show their driving licenses if asked for identification when
they get into a bar.
26.( ) Y ou are requested to clarify how much you want when you order beer.
27.( ) Many stores and bars offer a wide variety of beer from all over the world.
28.If you say ―straight up‖ when ordering cocktail in the US, you mean you want
it_____________
29.In America, ―whiskey‖ usually refers to a kind of oily spirit made from
__________________.
30.―Rye‖ is another name for _______________________________
III. Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (20 marks, 2 marks each) Directions: There are 2 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four
choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should decide on the best choice and
mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line
through the center.
Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.
Nursing at Beth Israel Hospital produces the best patient care possible. If we are to solve the nursing shortage, hospital administration and doctors everywhere would do well to follow Beth Israel’s example.
At Beth Israel each patient is assigned to a primary nurse who visits at length with the patient and constructs a full-scale health account that covers everything from his medical history to his emotional state. Then she writes a care plan centered on the patient’s illness but which also includes everything else that is necessa ry.
The primary nurse stays with the patient through the hospitalization, keeping track with his progress and seeking further advice from his doctor. If a patient at Beth Israel is not responding to treatment, it is not uncommon for his nurse to propose another approach to his doctor. What the doctor at Beth Israel has in the primary nurse is a true colleague.
Nursing at Beth Israel also involves a decentralized(分散的) nursing administration. Every floor, every unit is a self-contained organization. There are nurse-managers instead of head nurses. In addition to their medical duties they do all their own hiring and dismissing, employee advising, and they make salary recommendations. Each unit’s nurses decide among themselves who will work what shifts and when.
Beth Israel’s nurse-in-chief ranks as an equal with other vice presidents of the hospital. She is also a member of the Medical Executive Committee, which in mo st hospitals includes only doctors.
31. Which of the following best characterizes the main feature of the nursing system
at Beth Israel Hospital?
A. The doctor gets more active professional support from the primary nurse.
B. Each patient is taken care of by a primary nurse day and night.
C. The primary nurse writes care plans for every patient.
D. The primary nurse keeps records of the patient’s health conditions every day.
32. It can be inferred from the passage that_________.
A. compared with other hospitals nurses at Beth Israel Hospital are more patient
B. in most hospitals patient care is inadequate from the professional point of view
C. in most hospitals nurses get low salaries
D. compared with other hospitals nurses have to work longer hours at Beth Israel
Hospital
33. A primary nurse can propose different approach of treatment when_________.
A. the present one is refused by the patient
B. the patient complains about the present one
C. the present one proves to be ineffective
D. the patient is found unwilling to cooperate
34. The main difference between a nurse-manager and a head nurse is that the
former________.
A. is a member of the Medical Executive Committee of the hospital
B. has to arrange the work shifts of the unit’s nurses
C. can make decisions concerning the medical treatment of a patient
D. has full responsibility in the administration of the unit’s nurses
35. The a uthor’s attitude towards the nursing system at Beth Israel Hospital
is_________.
A. negative
B. neutral
C. critical
D. positive
Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.
The quality of university life is declining under strain from the higher education, leading independent schools in Britain complaining. The warning followed survey of the impressions of campus life gained by students of school. Poor interviewing of the
applicants, infrequent contacts with tutors, worries over student safety, and even complaint over the food were all seen as symptoms of the pressure on universities. Head teachers said that standards could well drop if the squeeze on universities budgets continued. A survey was carried out because of fears that the level of green area in universities had declined. A great number of student suicides had raised concerns among head teachers.
Although most of the 6,000 students surveyed were enjoying university life, almost a third were less than satisfied with their course. About one in ten had serious financial problems and some give alarming accounts of conditions around their halls of their residence. Incidents mentioned included a fatal stabbing and shooting outside a hall of residence, the petrol bombing of cars near another residence, and two racist attacks. Nine percent of women and seven percent of men rated security as unsatisfactory in the area where they lived. Stanford University had the lowest satisfaction rating. Lancaster and Kinston universities were rated the safest.
The survey confirmed head teachers’ fears about contact between students and tutors slipping, with a quarter of the students seeing their tutors only every three weeks. New students, used to regular contact with their teachers, found it hard to adapt to the change. Interview techniques were a cause for concern, with the school calling for more training of the university staff involved in admissions. Some headmasters complained that interviews were increasingly ―odd‖. One greeted an applicant by throwing him an apple. Another interview lasted only three minutes. About a quarter of the students found the workload at university heavier than they had expected. Imperial College London, Oxford, and Cambridge universities registered by far the highest workload. There were differences between subjects, with architectures, engineering, veterinary science, medicine and some science subjects demanding the most work. V eterinary science was nevertheless the most popular subject, followed by physiotherapy and history of art. General engineering, economics, computing and sociology were the least popular. The survey also confirmed that previous concerns about possible racial prejudice in admissions to medical courses. Applicants with names suggesting an ethnic minority background had been rejected with qualifications
as good as successful white candidates.
36. According to the passage, the main problem existing in the interview of admission is that _______.
A. the interviewers often greeted the applicants by throwing an apple
B. the interviewers spent only a few minutes interviewing an applicant
C. the interviewers were not knowledgeable to interview the applicants
D. the interviewers lack enough training and interview techniques
37. From the passage, we can learn that________.
A. most students surveyed were satisfied with university life
B. many head teachers were killed by the students in university
C. veterinary science was popular for its workload was light
D. students were worried about the squeeze on university budgets
38. From the passage, we can see that the author’s description of the quality of
university life in Britain is ________.
A. objective
B. subjective
C. pessimistic
D. arbitrary
39. Among the following, which is the proper statement of the st atus of the students’ security?
A. Fatal stabbing and shooting often happened outside the hall of residence
B. The students in British were so worried about their security in university
C. Students were often watchful against people around their halls of residence
D. The status of students’ security in Stanford University might be awful
40. From the passage, we can infer that in high school, students ________.
A. were never worried about their security
B. had regular contact with their tutors
C. were often dissatisfied with their course
D. were worried about their entrance exam
IV. Vocabulary and Structure (10 marks, 1 mark each)
Directions: There are 10 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A., B., C. and D.. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.
41.One of his eyes was injured in an accident, but after a ______ operation, he
quickly recovered his sight.
A. delicate
B. considerate
C. precise
D. sensible
https://www.doczj.com/doc/7f6320686.html,st year, the crime rate in Chicago has sharply ______.
A. declined
B. reduced
C. descended
D. slipped
43.Jack was about to announce our plan but I ________.
A. put him through
B. turned him out
C. gave him up
D. cut him short
44.Mr. Johnson said that his clients _______ our samples by the end of last month.
A. didn't receive
B. hadn't received
C. haven't received
D. don't receive
45.In spite of her father's objection, she insisted _______ her little sister to the
ballroom.
A. taking
B. on taking
C. to take
D. in taking
46.The man in the corner confessed to ________ a lie to the manager of the
company.
A. have told
B. be told
C. being told
D. having told
47.Without proper lessons, you could ___________ a lot of bad habits when playing
the piano.
A. keep up
B. pick up
C. draw up
D. catch up
48.Fifty years ago, wealthy people liked hunting wild animals for fun __________
sightseeing.
A. than to go
B. rather than to go
C. more than going
D. other than going
49._____ dog was the first animals to be domesticated is generally agreed upon by
authorities in the field.
A. Until the
B. It was the
C. The
D. That the
50.Ideas __________ from one's own experience are sometimes more valuable than
those from books.
A. derived
B. deposited
C. retreated
D. restored
V. Cloze (5 marks，1 mark each)
Directions: Fill in the blanks with the appropriate word. Write the answers on the Answer Sheet.
It is not 51 for the bodies of endurance athletes to be deficient in iron. In particular female athletes often have this problem. Even 52 low levels of exercise can also cause this problem. Associate Professor Roseanne M. Lyle carried out a study on 62 formerly inactive females. Her work indicated that such women showed a decrease in iron levels. Some women bounced back with the consumption of additional meat or taking iron 53 . Iron deficiency affects many women. The ratio of exercising women with this deficiency, however, is far higher. This is made worse by health-conscious women who often eat a 54 diet which is not iron-rich enough. Women do not usually eat the recommended daily 55 of iron. Any additional exercise may have caused women to be tipped over the edge causing serious iron deficiency.
VI. Translation (10 marks, 2 marks each)
Directions: Complete the following sentences with appropriate English words according to the Chinese expressions in brackets. Write your answers on
the Answer Sheet.
56. He is optimistic that _____________________(一旦家长承诺投入到计划当中),
they will be daily role models for their children, unlike parents whose children are in boarding school.
57. At age 23, he started a meatpacking business and _____________(因……赢得声
誉) being honest and hard working.
58. ______________(我心间涌起了一股感情) for this stranger who so quickly came
into and went from my life.
59. It is also important to have something that can clean water,
________________(这样就可以放心饮用其他来源的水了).
60. Red rose is going to remain the most popular flower because _____________(爱
情永远不过时).
VII. Writing (15 marks)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of To Get along with Your Roommates. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below.
1. 室友之间的冲突在校园里常有发生；
2. 冲突的主要原因；
3. 室友之间如何和睦相处。
河北大学课程考核参考答案及评分标准
（xxxx— xxxx学年第x 学期）
考核科目大学英语四课程类别必修考核方式闭卷卷别 A I. Listening Comprehension (20 分，每小题1分)
1-10 BACBC ABADA
11. on three sides 12. mildest
13. in winter 14. an area of
15. rail routes 16. industrial centers
17. trading economies 18. headquarters
19. software development 20. beautiful gardens
II. Reading Comprehension（40分，每小题2分）
21-35 CCABD AABAC CCBAA
36. He slipped and dangled over a 500ft cliff.
37. The safety line attached to his two companions.
38. They shouted down at regular intervals.
39. He used his mobile phone.
40. Heavy snowfalls.
III. V ocabulary and Structure (25分)
Section A （15分，每小题0.5分）
41-45: CBABD 46-50: CADBB 51–55: BDABC
56-60: BBDDA 61-65: ACDCA 66-70: DBCAD
Section B （10分，每小题1分）
71. in general
72. responsible for
73. resort to / turn to
74. in the long run
75. make sense
76. taken root
77. irrespective of
78. shied away from
79. stands for
80. come to terms with
V. Writing (15 分)
评分标准：
0分……作文与题目毫不相关，或只有几个孤立的词而无法表达思想；或白卷。
2分……条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或在部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。
5分……基本切题。表达思想不清楚，连贯性差。有较多的严重语言错误。
8分……基本切题。有些地方表达思想不够清楚，文字勉强连贯；语言错误相当多，其中有一些是严重错误。
11分……切题。表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。14分……切题。表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯性好。基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错误。
2017年6月大学英语四级真题及答案 (第一套) Part I Writing (25 minutes) (请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试) Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an advertisement on your campus website to sell a computer you used at college. Your advertisement may include its brand, specifications/features, condition and price, and your contact should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes) Section A Directions:In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and questions will be spoken only once. After you hear questions, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。 Questions 1 to 2 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 1. A) The man in the car was absent-minded. B) The test driver made a wrong judgement. C) The self-driving system was faulty. D) The car was moving at a fast speed. 2. A) They have done better than conventional cars. B) They have caused several severe crashes. C) They have posed a threat to other drivers. D) They have generally done quite well. Questions 3 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 3. A) He works at a national park. B) He is a queen been specialist. C) He removed the beyond from the boot.
阅读答案 Section A 选词填空(卷1) 26. E constructed 27. O undertaken 28. F consulted 29. M range 30. N scale 31. I eventually 32. K necessarily 33. L production 34. A cheaper 35. J height Section B 段落信息匹配卷1 36—K 37—D 38—M 39—G 40—B 41—L 42—H 43—F 44—J 45—C Section C 仔细阅读 Passage one 46. A. Seneca's thinking is still applicable today 问题：What are researchers rediscovering through their studies 解析：问题题干中的“researchers”和“today”是解题的关键，对应到文中第一段的“Now scientists are bringing this ancient wisdom up-to-date”。选项中“Seneca’s thinking “ 对应到“this ancient wisdom” ，而“still applicable”对应到“bring…up-to-date”,故答案为A。 47.B. It is a teaching tool under development 问题：What do we learn about “Betty’s Brain”？ 解析：根据“Betty’s Brian”定位，定位到第三段，而该段的段首便强调“ But the most cutting-edge tool under development is the “teaching agent” “ ,意味着整段文字要叙述的主要是和“ tool “有关的信息，且选项中的”under development”和原文信息重合，故答案为B。 48 C. It helps them learn their academic subjects better.
大学英语四级专项训练——选词填空 （一） Americans are proud of their variety and individualty, yet they love and respect few things more than a uniform. Why are uniforms so __1__ in the United States Among the arguments for uniforms, one of the first is that in the eyes of most people they look more __2__ than civilian（百姓的）clothes. People have become conditioned to __3__ superior quality from a man who wears a uniform. The television repairman who wears a uniform tends to __4__ more trust than one who appears in civilian clothes. Faith in the __5__ of a garage mechanic is increased by a uniform. What an easier way is there for a nurse, a policeman, a barber, or a waiter to __6__ professional identity（身份）than to step out of uniform Uniforms also have many __7__ benefits. They save on other clothes. They save on laundry bills. They are often more comfortable and more durable than civilian clothes. Primary among the arguments against uniforms is their lack of variety and the consequent loss of __8__ experienced by people who must wear them. Though there are many types of uniforms, the wearer of any particular type is generally stuck with it, without __9__, until retirement. When people look alike, they tend to think, speak, and act __10__, on the job at least. [A]skill [B]popular [C]get [D]change [E]similarly 、[F]professional [G]character [H]individuality [I] inspire [J] differently [K]expect [L]practical [M] recall [N] lose [O] ordinary （二） 、 Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. Behaviorists, who study the relation between actions and their consequences, argue that rewards can __1__ performance at work and school. Cognitive( 认识派的) researchers, who study various aspects of mental life, maintain that rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on __2__ and gifts from others. The latter view has gained many supporters, __3__ among educators. But the careful use of small __4__ rewards speaks creativity in grade school children, suggesting that properly presented inducements( 刺激) indeed __5__inventiveness, according to a study in the June Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. “If kids know they’re working f or a reward and can focus on a relatively __6__ task, they show the most creativity,” says Robert Eisenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark. “But it’s easy to __7__ creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much anticipation for rewards.
2016 年12 月大学英语四级考试真题及 答案 【篇一：2016 年12 月大学英语四级翻译作文题目及答 案】 翻译一： 在中国文化中，红色通常象征着好运、长寿和幸福。在春节和其他喜庆场合，红色到处可见。人们把现金作为礼物送给家人或亲密朋 友时，通常放在红信封里。红色在中国流行的另一个原因是人们把 它与中国革命和共产党相联系。然而，红色并不总是代表好运与快 乐。因为从前死者的名字常用红色书写，用红墨水写中国人名被看 成是一种冒犯行为。 as a symbol of good luck, longevity and happiness in chinese culture, the color of red can be seen everywhere during springfestive and other festive/ joyous occasions. cash is usually put in red envelopes as gifts for relatives and close/intimate friends. also, red is much-welcomed / fashionable in china because of its association with chinese revolutions and the communist party. however, red does not always represent / equal to good luck and joy. red was previously used to write the names of the deceased so it is seen as an offence to write chinese people ’s names in red ink. 翻译二 随着中国的改革开放，如今很多年轻人都喜欢举行西式婚礼。新娘 在婚礼上穿着白色婚纱，因为白色被认为是纯洁的象征。然而，在 中国传统文化中，白色经常是葬礼上使用的颜色。因此务必记住， 白花一定不要用作祝人康复的礼物，尤其不要送给老年人或危重病 人。同样，礼金也不能装在白色信封里，而要装在红色信封里。 with the reform and opening-up of china, a great many young people nowadays prefer to hold western-style wedding: the bride wears white wedding gown because the color is considered to symbolize purity/is considered as the symbol of purity. however, in tradition chinese culture, white is often used on funerals. so, do bear in mind that white flowers should never be used as a gift to celebrate someone ’s recovery, especially not for the aged or those who are seriously ill.
大学英语四级考试真题及答案(绝对完整） Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minute to write a short essay on the topic of students selecting their lectures. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given bellow: 1. 越来越多的博物馆免费对外开放的目的是什么？ 2. 也会带来一些问题 3. 你的看法？ Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. How Do You See Diversity? As a manager, Tiffany is responsible for interviewing applicants for some of the positions with her company .During one interview, she noticed that the candidate never made direct eye contact. She was puzzled and somewhat disappointed because she liked the individual otherwise. He had a perfect resume and gave good responses to her questions, but the fact that he never looked her in the eye said “untrustworthy,” so she decided to offer the job to her second choice. “It wasn’t until I attended a diversity workshop that I realized the person we passed over was the perfect person,” Tiffany confesses. What she hadn’t known at the time of the interview was that the candidate’s “different” behavior was simply a cultural misunderstanding . He was an Asian-American raised in a household where respect for those in authority was shown by averting(避开) your eyes. “I was just thrown off by the lack of ye contact; not realizing it was cultural,” Tiffany says. “I missed out ,but will not miss that opportunity again.” Many of us have had similar encounters with behaviors we perceive as different. As the world becomes smaller and our workplaces more diverse, it is becoming essential to expand our under-standing of others and to reexamine some of our false assumptions . Hire Advantage At a time when hiring qualified people is becoming more difficult ,employers who can eliminate invalid biases(偏爱) from the process have a distinct advantage .My company, Mindsets LLC ,helps organizations and individuals see their own blind spots . A real estate recruiter we worked with illustrates the positive difference such training can make .
2018年12月大学英语四级真题完整版（第3套） Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the challenges of studying abroad.You should write at least 120 words but no more than180 words. PartⅡListening Comprehension (25 minutes) Part ⅢReading Comprehension ( 40 minutes) Section A Directions:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. R ead the passage t hrough carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once． Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage. Have you ever used email to apologize to a colleague?D elivered a 26to a subordinate (下属) with a voice-mail message? Flown by plane across the country just to deliver important news in person? The various communication options at our fingertips today can be good for 27and productivity---and at the same time very troublesome. With so many ways to communicate, how should a manager choose the 28when the message to be delivered is bad or unwelcome news one that’s best --- 29business communication consultants and etiquette for the recipient? We’ve (礼仪) experts to come up with the following guidelines for 30using the alterative ways of delivering difficult messages. First of all, choose how personal you want to be. A face-to-face communication is the most 31 .Other choices, in descending order of personalization, are: a real-time phone call, a voice-mail message, a handwritten note, a typewritten letter, and the most 32is email. Some of these may change order according to the 33 situation or your own preferences; for example, a handwritten note might seem more personal than voice mail. How do you decide on the best choice for the difficult message you’ve got to deliver? “My 34concern is: How can I soften or civilize this says etiquette expert Dana Casperson. “So when I apologize, I usually message?” choose in-person first, or a phone conversation as my top alternative, and maybe a
2011年6月大学英语四级真题 Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage. The popular notion that older people need less sleep than younger adults is a myth, scientists said yesterday. While elderly people __47__ to sleep for fewer hours than they did when they were younger, this has a(n) __48__ effect on their brain's performance and they would benefit from getting more, according to research. Sean Drummond, a. psychiatrist (心理医生) at the University of California, San Diego, said older people are more likely to suffer from broken sleep, while younger people are better at sleeping __49__ straight through the night. More sleep in old age, however, is __50__ with better health, and most older people would feel better and more __51__ if they slept for longer periods, he said. “The ability to sleep in one chunk (整块时间) overnight goes down as we age but the amount of sleep we need to __52__ well does not change,” Dr Drummond told the American Association for the Advancement of Science conference in San Diego. “It's __53__ a myth that older people need less sleep. The more healthy an older adult is, the more they sleep like they did when they were __54__. Our data suggests that older adults would benefit from __55__ to get as much sleep as they did in their 30s. That's __56__ from person to person, but the amount of sleep we had at 35 is probably the same amount as we need at 75.” 答案Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in depth) 47 N tend 48 L negative 49 H efficiently 50 B associated 51 A alert 52 J function/ 53 F definitely 54 O younger 55 E continuing56 G different 文章大意：本文主要讲述的是关于老年人睡眠的问题：是否老年人与年轻人相比只需要较少的睡眠时间？ 2010年12月英语四级考试真题 Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage. What determines the kind of person you are? What factors make you more or less bold, intelligent, or able to read a map? All of these are influenced by the interaction of your genes and the environment in which you were 47 . The study of how genes and environment interact to influence 48 activity is known as behavioral genetics. Behavioral genetics has made important 49 to the biological revolution, providing information about the extent to which biology
精品文档 2014年6月大学英语四级考试真题及答案（完整版） 来源：文都教育 Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the following topic. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Suppose a foreign friend of yours is coming to visit your hometown, what is the most interesting place you would like to take him/her to see and why? 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。 Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。 1. A) See a doctor about her strained shoulder. B) Use a ladder to help her reach the tea. C) Replace the cupboard with a new one. D) Place the tea on a lower shelf next time. 2. A) At Mary Johnson's. C) In an exhibition hall. B) At a painter's studio. D) Outside an art gallery. 3. A) The teacher evaluated lacks teaching experience. B) She does not quite agree with what the man said. C) The man had better talk with the students himself. D) New students usually cannot offer a fair evaluation. 4. A) He helped Doris build up the furniture. B) Doris helped him arrange the furniture.
大学英语四级考试真题及答案 Part ⅠWriting (30 minutes) 注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Creating a Green Campus. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below: 1. 建设绿色校园很重要 2. 绿色校园不仅指绿色的环境…… 3. 为了建设绿色校园，我们应该…… Creating a Green Campus Part ⅡReading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For question 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. Colleges taking another look at value of merit-based aid Good grades and high tests scores still matter—a lot—to many colleges as they award financial aid. But with low-income students projected to make up an ever-larger share of the college-bound population in coming years, some schools are re-examining whether that aid, typically known as “merit aid”, is the most effective use of precious institutional dollars. George Washington University in Washington, D.C., for example, said last week that it would cut the value of its average merit scholarships by about one-third and reduce the number of recipients(接受者), pouring the savings, about $2.5 million, into need-based aid. Allegheny College in Meadville, Pa., made a similar decision three years ago. Now, Hamilton College in Clinton, N.Y., says it will phase out merit scholarships altogether. No current merit-aid recipients will lose their scholarships, but need-based aid alone will be awarded beginning with students entering in fall 2008. Not all colleges offer merit aid; generally, the more selective a school, the less likely it is to do so. Harvard and Princeton, for example, offer generous need-based packages, but many families who don’t meet need eligibility(资格)have been willing to pay whatever they must for a big-name school. For small regional colleges that struggle just to fill seats, merit aid can be an important revenue-builder because many recipients still pay enough tuition dollars over and above the scholarship amount to keep the institution running. But for rankings-conscious schools in between, merit aid has served primarily as a tool to recruit top students and to improve their academic profits. “They’re trying to buy students,”says Skidmore College economist Sandy Baum. Studies show merit aid also tends to benefit disproportionately students who could afford to enroll without it. “As we look to the future, we see a more pressing need to invest in need-based aid,”says Monica Inzer, dean of admission and financial aid at Hamilton, which has offered merit scholarships for 10 years. During that time, it rose in US News & World Repor t’s ranking of the best liberal arts colleges, from 25 to 17. Merit aid, which benefited about 75 students a year, or about 4% of its student body, at a cost of about $ 1 million a year, “served us well,”Inzer says, but “to be
最牛英语口语培训模式：躺在家里练口语，全程外教一对一，三个月畅谈无阻！ 洛基英语，免费体验全部在线一对一课程：https://www.doczj.com/doc/7f6320686.html,/ielts/xd.html（报名网址） In a telephone survey of more than 2，000 adults，21% said they believed the sun revolved (旋转)around the earth. An 71 7% did not know which revolved around 72. I have no doubt that 73 all of these people were 74 in school that the earth revolves around the sun; 75 may even have written it 76 at test. But they never 77 their incorrect mental models of planetary (行星的) 78 because their every day observations didn’t support 79 their teachers told them: People see the sun moving 80 the sky as morning turns to night，and the earth seems stationary (静止的) 81 that is happening. Students can learn the right answers 82 heart in class，and yet never combined them 83 their working models of the world. The objectively correct answer the professor accepts and the 84 personal understanding of the world can 85 side by side，each unaffected by the other. Outside of class，the student continues to use the 86 model because it has always worked well 87 that circumstance. Unless professors address 88 errors in students’personal models of the world，students are not 89 to replace them with the 90 one. 71.A.excessive B. extraC. additionalD. added 72.A.what B. whichC. thatD. other 73.A.virtually B. remarkablyC. ideallyD. preferably 74.A.learned B. suggestedC. taughtD. advised 75.A.those B. theseC. whoD. they 76.A.on B. withC. underD. for 77.A.formed B. alteredC. believedD. thought 78.A.operation B. positionC. motionD. location 79.A.how B. whichC. thatD. what 80.A.around B. acrossC. onD. above 81.A.since B. soC. whileD. for 82.A.to B. byC. inD. with 83.A.with B. intoC. toD. along 84.A.adult’s B. teacher’sC. scientist’sD. student’s 85.A.exist B. occurC. surviveD. maintain 86.A.private B. individualC. personalD. own 87.A.in B. withC. onD. for 88.A.general B. naturalC. similarD. specific 89.A.obliged B. likelyC. probableD. partial 90.A.perfectB. betterC. reasonableD. correct 【答案】： 71.C72.B73.A74.C75.D76.A77.B78.C79.D80.B 81.C82.B 83.A84.D85.A86.C87.A88.D89.B90.D 【答案解析】： 71.C四个答案都有“额外”的意思，但各有偏重。A重在表达“过量、超过正常的部分”;B是“在一类事物之外的额外部分”;D是“外加的”。因此只有C答案符合本题要求：“另外有7%的人不知道是谁绕着谁转。”