研究生学术英语写作教程Unit 1 Understanding Academic English

Unit 1 Understanding Academic EnglishObjectives:- Learn the purpose of this course- Get to understand different voices that people often use in their communication - Understand features of academic English- Build your learning ability via the Internet- Meet your teacher and new classmatesContents-Teacher’s introduction-Reading and discussion: How ’s your voice?- Language focus: word choice, and structural complexity-Writing practice: understanding different styles- Rewriting practice: consolidating academic English writing skills- Classroom extension: Internet survey on features of academic English1. Reading Activity1.1 Pre-reading TaskDo you know how to write a paper with an academic voice? Most Chinese students use only the casual voice for their daily life purposes, which does not fit the academic writing style. When you can learn to use an academic voice and a formal writing style, you will gain authority and respect for yourself as a researcher as well as a research writer.Read the following three texts with different kinds of voice and tell what they differ in.1.2 Reading PassageHOW’S YOUR VOICE?Casual VoiceHey, dude, no way you can sit here!Huzzah! We won! We beat ‘em! Ha! Blue Vampires. They think they’re so grea t. We showed‘em. Go Aardvarks!Yuck! I hate broccoli with those nasty, stinkin’mush- rooms. Why do we gotta have these things again,man?!www, we gotta cancel theConsultative VoiceYou’re not allowedto sit in this area,because it’s asafety concern.I’m so glad for ourteam,the greatFighting Aardvarks,and now together wecelebrate this victory.I’d prefer not to havethis particularvegetable again, if it’s possible.Does anyone really enjoy this combination of mushrooms and broccoli? It’s possible that our party might have to be postponed or canceled because of the Academic VoiceThis area must be kept clear for foot traffic.The Fighting Aardvarks claimed victory over the Blue Vampires in the final round tonight. Both teams competed well and the fans are enthusiastic.Very few people enjoy this broccoli and mushroom dish. Therefore, it will not be served again within this calendar year, or the servers will be killed.Due to the inclement weather, the Annual Tattoo Party will notparty‘cause it’s totally raining like crazy!Sweeeet! I love those Indiana Jones movies! They ’re awesome with the whip and the bugs and stuff. Everyone loves those flicks!bad weather that ’s threaten- ing our location.Indiana Jones films are really very popular with your age group. Critics can’t decide why such an old character is so appealing.take place this Thursdayat Finster Park. The planning committee willreschedule the event and release information as soon as possible.Hollywood is perplexed at the reasons that Indi- ana Jones is so favored by such youngaudiences. The answer remains a mystery.1.3 Reading Comprehension1.3.1 Do you know in which situation these voices are appropriately used? And why?For what purposesConsultativeAcademic1.3.2 Read the passage carefully again and decide the differences among them. Casual voice Consultative voice Academic voiceVoiceCasual2 Language Focus2.1 Word ChoiceAcademic voice can be well expressed by choosing words. Here are some words to acquire:Here are some words to avoid.2.1.1 Can you match the formal and informal words and phrases?justsuchfrankly, truly,fortunately, provocativestriking objection discoursedisapprovepoignant, compelling, proposal, insight,investigate, look into getvery,turn down,go,VerifyTry to find out ExamineLook at carefullyDemonstrate Make sure something is true Intend ShowInvestigate Get rid ofSurvive, penetrate Get through itDiscover MeanEliminate Look intoConclusion A lot ofNumerous, myriad End2.2 Structural complexity‘Syntax’is the technical word that is used to describe sentence structure. It is extremely important that well-arranged sentences carry an academic voice, whereas choppy, simple sentences sound oral and colloquial. Sentences that are too short and poorly connected can be irritating to read. Conversely, sentences that are too long and rambling are difficult to follow and are likely to be confusing. Use a sentence length that allows your thoughts to flow clearly. Rewrite the following sentences into a text with well-ordered sentences and structural complexity.A conjunction connects words, phrases, or clauses. It indicates the relationship between the elements. These elements connect. We oftenfind thefollowing thing. In only one single sentence a conjunction contains one or more ideas. These ideas may be equal or unequal in importance. Ideas are equal, and we call them coordinate ideas. For example, John studies electronics. Helen studies Computing. These two sentences can become a compound sentence. It shows the relationship between the two ideas. We want to maintain the equality of the ideas. We call the clauses in the new sentence coordinate clauses.3. Writing Practice3.1 Understanding different stylesRead the following texts and decide where they come from.1At AT & Bell Laboratories infrared lasers are being used to capture live microbes. Working like optical tweezers, the pressure of the laser light traps minute objects in itsfocus point. Researchers are using the device to move around viruses bacteria, and other cells they are study under the microscope. After several hours, however, the focus light will heat up the microbes to a boiling point.____________________________________________________________________2All we ask is that you spend two hours of your time attending a Barratt Sales presentation. There, you’ll discover the benefits of timeshare. At Barratt we call it Holiday Ownership because that’s why it really is. You’ll be under no obligation to purchase, but we think you may be tempted._____________________________________________________________________3There were only two Americans stopping at the hotel. They did not know any of the people they passed on the stairs on their way to and from their room. Their room was on the second floor facing the sea. It also faced the public garden and the war monument. There were big palms and green benches in the public garden. In the good weather there was always an artist with his easel. Artists liked the way the palms grew and the bright colors of the hotels facing the gardens and the sea.4Although many studies have already been done, more studies are needed to determine the effects of microcomputer-assisted instruction in various teaching situations.____________________________________________________________________5The parents of a seven-year-old Australian boy woke to find a giant python crushing and trying to swallow him. The incident occurred in Cairns, Queensland and the boy’s mother, Mrs. Dryden said:“it was like a horror movie. It was a hot night. He suddenly started screaming. We rushed to the bedroom to find a huge snake trying tostrangle him. ”Mrs. Dryden and her husband, Peter, tried to stab the creature with knives, but the python bit the boy several times before escaping.____________________________________________________________________3.2. Choosing appropriate stylesNow you are going to write an essay in class for your teacher’s assignments. Which of the following sentences you would like to use for your writing?1. He couldn’t finish his work in the time given.2. The first set of results were compiled and presented by the other group of students.3. I would like to focus on the following areas of research: …4. They argued that this methodology was unreliable.5. In addition, the data was used to focus on the following hypothesis.6. I enjoyed my English class with you and am having a good experience this semester.7. At about twelve pm on August 21, 1984, she told us, I came out of the kitchen to toss out some water.8. We, at any rate, will continue to keep an open mind.9. Is the menu at that the French restaurant giving you trouble? Then you might need the Voice, a hand-held computer that translates spoken English into French, Spanish, German or Italian.10. There is an emerging consensus that a concerted effort on a national level will be required to capture the glittering prizes that a new technology offers.No. Y/N Reason(s) for your decision 123456789103.3. Rewriting PracticeRewrite the following passage into an academic one.Why are there so many jams on the roads these days? One thing is that public transportation like trains, buses, etc., is so dear. A long time ago cars cost a lot but now, unfortunately, they’ve got a lot cheaper. Another thing is that driving is a lot nicer than waiting for a bus. The trouble is that if everyone buys a car the roads get packed.4 Writing ProjectThe following is a checklist for writing in academic English. It is not complete. Use the Internet, books, textbooks and lecturers' expertise to find out what other conventions could be applied to using academic English. And make a list of these conventions and keep this for future reference.Writing academic English● Use academic voic e● Write with structural complexity● Avoid casual style● Distinguish formal and informal words and phrase s● …5. Final Checklist1. Know when to use I/we/us and when to use one/readers.2. Use complex sentences. Do not be afraid of semi-colons!3.Do not use contractions(don’t,can’t,isn’t,aren’t,doesn’t).4. Know your diction! Be careful about using the thesaurus on yourcomputer. Do not use a word unless you know what it means. It is agreat tool when used well.5. Do not end a sentence with a preposition; often you can simplyrework the word order.。

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Unit 1 Understanding Academic English Objectives:- Learn the purpose of this course- Get to understand different voices that people often use in their communication - Understand features of academic English- Build your learning ability via the Internet- Meet your teacher and new classmatesContents- Teacher’s introduction- Reading and discussion: How’s your voice?- Language focus: word choice, and structural complexity- Writing practice: understanding different styles- Rewriting practice: consolidating academic English writing skills- Classroom extension: Internet survey on features of academic English1.Reading Activity1.1 Pre-reading TaskDo you know how to write a paper with an academic voice? Most Chinese students use only the casual voice for their daily life purposes, which does not fit the academic writing style. When you can learn to use an academic voice and a formal writing style, you will gain authority and respect for yourself as a researcher as well as a research writer.Read the following three texts with different kinds of voice and tell what they differ in.1.2 Reading PassageHOW’S YOUR VOICE?Casual VoiceHey, dude, no way you can sit here!Huzzah! We won! We beat ‘em! Ha! Blue Vampires. They think they’re so great. We showed ‘em. Go Aardvarks!Yuck! I hate broccoli with those nasty, stinkin’ mush-rooms. Why do we gotta have these things again, man?!www, we gotta cancel the Consultative VoiceYou’re not allowed to sit inthis area, because it’s asafety concern.I’m so glad for our team, thegreat Fighting Aardvarks,and now together wecelebrate this victory.I’d prefer not to have thisparticular vegetable again, ifit’s possible. Does anyonereally enjoy this combinationof mushrooms and broccoli?It’s possible that our partymight have to be postponedor canceled because of theAcademic VoiceThis area must be keptclear for foot traffic.The Fighting Aardvarksclaimed victory over theBlue Vampires in thefinal round tonight. Bothteams competed well andthe fans are enthusiastic.Very few people enjoythis broccoli andmushroom dish.Therefore, it will not beserved again within thiscalendar year, or theservers will be killed.Due to the inclementweather, the AnnualTattoo Party will notparty ‘cause it’s totally raining like crazy! Sweeeet! I love those Indiana Jones movies! They’re awesome with the whip and the bugs and stuff. Everyone loves those flicks!bad weather that’s threaten-ing our location.Indiana Jones films arereally very popular withyour age group. Critics can’tdecide why such an oldcharacter is so appealing.take place this Thursdayat Finster Park. Theplanning committee willreschedule the event andrelease information assoon as possible.Hollywood is perplexedat the reasons that Indi-ana Jones is so favoredby such youngaudiences. The answerremains a mystery.1.3Reading Comprehension1.3.1 Do you know in which situation these voices are appropriately used? And why?1.3.2 Read the passage carefully again and decide the differences among them.2Language Focus2.1 Word ChoiceAcademic voice can be well expressed by choosing words. Here are some words to acquire:Here are some words to avoid.2.1.1 Can you match the formal and informal words and phrases?2.2 Structural complexity‘Syntax’ is the technical word that is used to describe sentence structure. It is extremely important that well-arranged sentences carry an academic voice, whereas choppy, simple sentences sound oral and colloquial. Sentences that are too short and poorly connected can be irritating to read. Conversely, sentences that are too long and rambling are difficult to follow and are likely to be confusing. Use a sentence length that allows your thoughts to flow clearly. Rewrite the following sentences into a text with well-ordered sentences and structural complexity.A conjunction connects words, phrases, or clauses. It indicates the relationship between the elements. These elements connect. We often find the following thing. In only one single sentence a conjunction contains one or more ideas. These ideas may be equal or unequal in importance. Ideas are equal, and we call them coordinate ideas. For example, John studies electronics. Helen studies Computing. These two sentences can become a compound sentence. It shows the relationship between the two ideas. We want to maintain the equality of the ideas. We call the clauses in the new sentence coordinate clauses.3.Writing Practice3.1Understanding different stylesRead the following texts and decide where they come from.1At AT & Bell Laboratories infrared lasers are being used to capture live microbes. Working like optical tweezers, the pressure of the laser light traps minute objects in itsfocus point. Researchers are using the device to move around viruses bacteria, and other cells they are study under the microscope. After several hours, however, the focus light will heat up the microbes to a boiling point.____________________________________________________________________ 2All we ask is that you spend two hours of your time attending a Barratt Sales presentation. There, you’ll discover the ben efits of timeshare. At Barratt we call it Holiday Ownership because that’s why it really is. You’ll be under no obligation to purchase, but we think you may be tempted._____________________________________________________________________ 3There were only two Americans stopping at the hotel. They did not know any of the people they passed on the stairs on their way to and from their room. Their room was on the second floor facing the sea. It also faced the public garden and the war monument. There were big palms and green benches in the public garden. In the good weather there was always an artist with his easel. Artists liked the way the palms grew and the bright colors of the hotels facing the gardens and the sea.4Although many studies have already been done, more studies are needed to determine the effects of microcomputer-assisted instruction in various teaching situations.____________________________________________________________________ 5The parents of a seven-year-old Australian boy woke to find a giant python crushing and trying to swallow him. The incident occurred in Cairns, Queensland and the boy’s mother, Mrs. Dryden said: “it was like a horror movie. It was a hot night. He suddenly started screaming. We rushed to the bedroom to find a huge snake trying to strangle him. ” Mrs. Dryden and her husband, Peter, tried to stab the creature with knives, but the python bit the boy several times before escaping.____________________________________________________________________3.2. Choosing appropriate stylesNow you are going to write an essay in class for your teacher’s assignments. Which of the following sentences you would like to use for your writing?1. He couldn’t finish his work in the time given.2. The first set of results were compiled and presented by the other group of students.3. I would like to focus on the following areas of research: …4. They argued that this methodology was unreliable.5. In addition, the data was used to focus on the following hypothesis.6. I enjoyed my English class with you and am having a good experience this semester.7. At about twelve pm on August 21, 1984, she told us, I came out of the kitchen to toss out some water.8. We, at any rate, will continue to keep an open mind.9. Is the menu at that the French restaurant giving you trouble? Then you might need the V oice, a hand-held computer that translates spoken English into French, Spanish, German or Italian.10. There is an emerging consensus that a concerted effort on a national level will be required to capture the glittering prizes that a new technology offers.3.3. Rewriting PracticeRewrite the following passage into an academic one.Why are there so many jams on the roads these days? One thing is that public transportation like trains, buses, etc., is so dear. A long time ago cars cost a lot but now, unfortunately, they’ve got a lot cheaper. Another thing is that driving is a lot nicer than waiting for a bus. The trouble is that if everyone buys a car the roads get packed.4Writing ProjectThe following is a checklist for writing in academic English. It is not complete. Use the Internet, books, textbooks and lecturers' expertise to find out what other conventions could be applied to using academic English. And make a list of these conventions and keep this for future reference.Writing academic English● Use academic voice● Write with structural complexity● Avoid casual style● Distinguish formal and informal words and phrases●…5. Final Checklist。

学术英语 Unit 1 知识点：Step by Step Thinking学术英语是大多数学术研究和交流的主要语言。

对于学术写作来说，正确使用学术英语的关键之一是理解和运用逻辑推理和逐步思考。

本文将从逐步思考的角度介绍学术英语 Unit 1 的知识点。

第一个知识点是逐步说明。

在学术写作中，逐步说明是一种清晰和有条理地表达思想的方法。

逐步说明可以通过以下几个步骤来实现。

首先，你需要明确你要表达的中心思想或观点。

然后，在正文中，你可以逐步展开这个观点，并提供相关的证据和例子来支持你的论点。

最后，通过总结段落或结论，你可以再次强调你的中心思想。

第二个知识点是逐步解释。

在学术写作中，逐步解释是解释一个复杂的概念或理论的有效方法。

逐步解释可以通过以下步骤来实现。

首先，你需要明确你要解释的概念或理论，并提供一个简短的定义或描述。

然后，在接下来的段落中，你可以逐步展开并解释这个概念或理论的各个方面。

你可以使用实例、研究结果或其他支持材料来进一步说明你的解释。

最后，通过总结段落或结论，你可以再次强调你对这个概念或理论的解释。

第三个知识点是逐步分析。

在学术写作中，逐步分析是分析一个问题或主题的不同方面和细节的重要方法。

逐步分析可以通过以下步骤来实现。

首先，你需要明确你要分析的问题或主题，并提供一个简短的描述。

然后，在接下来的段落中，你可以逐步列举并分析这个问题或主题的各个方面和细节。

你可以使用数据、统计信息或其他支持材料来支持你的分析。

最后，通过总结段落或结论，你可以再次强调你对这个问题或主题的分析。

第四个知识点是逐步比较。

在学术写作中，逐步比较是比较两个或多个事物的相似之处和差异之处的有效方法。

逐步比较可以通过以下步骤来实现。

首先，你需要明确你要比较的事物，并提供一个简短的描述。

然后，在接下来的段落中，你可以逐步列举并比较这些事物的相似之处和差异之处。

你可以使用实例、研究结果或其他支持材料来支持你的比较。

最后，通过总结段落或结论，你可以再次强调你对这些事物的比较。

学术综合英语作文研究生As graduate students, we are constantly exposed to academic research and are expected to produce high-quality papers. Writing in English poses an additional challenge for non-native speakers. Therefore, it is crucial for us to continuously improve our academic writing skills in order to communicate effectively and succeed in our studies.One important aspect of academic writing is clarity. It is essential to present our ideas in a clear and concise manner. This involves organizing our thoughts logically and using appropriate language. Sentences should be well-structured and free from grammatical errors. By using appropriate language, we can enhance the readability of our papers and better convey our message to the readers.Moreover, it is vital to support our arguments with reliable evidence. Citing relevant sources and acknowledging the work of others is a fundamental part of academic integrity. Referencing allows readers to verify the information presented and builds credibility for our writing. By demonstrating a thorough understanding of the topic through the use of reputable sources, we can strengthen our arguments and contribute to the existing bodyof knowledge.In addition to clarity and supporting evidence, critical thinking is another important aspect of academic writing. As graduate students, we are expected to analyze, evaluate, and synthesize existing research to provide meaningful insights. This requires us to critically examine the strengths and weaknesses of variousarguments and to form our own opinions based on sound reasoning. By engaging in critical thinking, we can make valuable contributions to our respective fields of study and push the boundaries of knowledge.Furthermore, it is essential to properly structure our papers. A clear introduction that leads to a well-developed body and a concise conclusion is crucial for effective communication. The introduction should provide background information and clearly state the purpose of our research. The body should present a coherent and organized flow of ideas, supported by evidence. Finally, the conclusion should summarize our findings and highlight the implications of our research.Lastly, revising and proofreading are essential steps in the writing process. We should carefully review our papers to identify and correct any errors or inconsistencies. Revising allows us to refine our arguments and improve the overall flow of our writing. Proofreading helps to ensure that our papers are error-free and maintain their professionalism.In conclusion, as graduate students, it is imperative that we continuously strive to improve our academic writing skills. By focusing on clarity, supporting arguments with evidence, engaging in critical thinking, structuring our papers effectively, and thoroughly revising and proofreading our work, we can produce high-quality papers that demonstrate our expertise and contributeto the academic community.。

研究生英语写作教程A Graduate English Writing TutorialIntroductionWriting is an essential skill for graduate students, as it is an integral part of the research and academic process. However, many graduate students struggle with English writing, especially if English is not their first language. This tutorial aims to provide guidance and strategies for graduate students to improve their English writing skills.OutlineI. Understanding the Writing ProcessA. Pre-writingB. DraftingC. RevisingD. Editing and ProofreadingII. Developing Writing StrategiesA. ReadingB. Analyzing Academic PapersC. Vocabulary EnhancementD. Sentence Structure and GrammarIII. Choosing the Appropriate Tone and LanguageA. Formality and ObjectivityB. Avoiding Jargon and AmbiguityC. Consistency and CohesionIV. Organizing Ideas EffectivelyA. Outlining and PlanningB. Introduction and Thesis StatementC. Body ParagraphsD. Conclusion and Closing RemarksV. Citations and ReferencesA. Understanding Academic IntegrityB. Using Citation Styles (APA, MLA, etc.)C. Citing Sources ProperlyUnderstanding the Writing ProcessBefore starting to write, it is crucial to go through the different phases of the writing process. Pre-writing involves brainstorming ideas, conducting research, and outlining the structure of the paper. Drafting is the initial stage of putting thoughts into words, followed by revising, which involvesreorganizing and refining the content. Lastly, editing and proofreading focus on correcting grammar and spelling errors.Developing Writing StrategiesChoosing the Appropriate Tone and LanguageOrganizing Ideas EffectivelyOrganizing ideas in a well-structured manner is crucial for effective writing. Outlining and planning the paper before writing will help map out the main points and arguments. The introduction should have a strong thesis statement that provides a clear overview of the paper's purpose. Body paragraphs should support and expand on the thesis statement, while the conclusion should summarize the main points and provide closing remarks.Citations and ReferencesGraduate writing requires proper citation and referencing to maintain academic integrity. Understanding the appropriate useof citation styles, such as APA or MLA, is essential. Students should familiarize themselves with the specific rules of each style and understand how to cite sources correctly within the text and in the reference list.ConclusionImproving English writing skills is an ongoing process for graduate students. By understanding the writing process, developing practical strategies, choosing appropriate languageand tone, organizing ideas effectively, and mastering citation and referencing, students can enhance their writing abilities and excel in their academic and research endeavors. Remember - practice makes perfect, so consistent writing practice is key to success.。