高中英语一轮复习语法连词（Conjunctions）
重点用法①常用的并列连词
用法：1.并列连词用来连接平行对等、互不从属的词、短语或分句，可表示并列、转折、选择或因果等关系。常见的并列连词的用法如下：
2.and意为“和，并且”，用于连接对等关系的词、词组或分句；常用于句型“祈使句+逗号+and...”。
Tom and I went to the bookstore yesterday. and连接两个并列的词
我和汤姆昨天去了书店。
He stood up and put on his hat. and连接两个动作
他站起来，戴上了帽子。
Fishing is his hobby,and collecting coins also gives him great pleasure. and连接两个分句
他爱好钓鱼，收集硬币也令他感到快乐。
Try again,and you’ll succeed. 在祈使句中，and前面的部分用来表示条件
再试一下，你就会成功的。
3.or和or else表示选择关系。表示两者之间选择其一，意为“或者”；用于祈使句时，意为“否则，不然”。
Tom or I am right.或者汤姆，或者我是对的。
Hurry up,or else you’ll miss the last bus.快点儿，不然你就会错过最后一班车。
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Put on your overcoat,or you will catch cold.穿上衣服，要不然你会着凉的。
4.but意为“但是，可是，而是”，连接两种并列成分，表示转折关系，不能和although连用。
It was a sunny but not very warm day.那一天天气晴朗，但却不太暖和。
5.so意为“所以，于是，也，同样”，表示结果，连接句子。
It was too dark,so I couldn’t see anything.天太黑了，我什么也看不见。
6.for意为“因为”，表示原因，连接句子。
I soon went to sleep,for I was tired.我很快就入睡了，因为我太累了。
7.both...and意为“和，既……也……”，由它构成的词组作主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式。Both Lucy and Mary are ten.露西和玛丽都10岁了。
Both he and his brothers are good at dancing.他和他的兄弟们都擅长跳舞。
8.either...or意为“或……或……；不是……就是……”，由它构成的短语作主语时，谓语动词随or后面的词而定（就近原则）。
The shoes were either too big or too small.鞋子要么太大，要么太小。
Either you or he is right.不是你，就是他是对的。
9.neither...or意为“既不……也不……”，由它构成的短语作主语时，谓语动词随nor后面的词而定（就近原则）。
It is neither hot in summer,nor cold in winter.夏天不热，冬天不冷。
Neither he nor I speak a foreign language.他和我都不会说外语。
10.not only...but also意为“不但……而且……”，由它构成的短语作主语时，谓语动词随but also后面的词而定（就近原则）。
Jane is not only beautiful but also kind.简不但漂亮，而且人也非常好。
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Not only the students but also the teachers was against the plan.
不但学生，而且老师也反对这个计划。
11.as well as...意为“又，不但……而且……”，由它构成的短语作主语时，谓语动词随其前面的词而定。
Mr.Lin as well as his parents joins in the party.不但林先生的父母，而且林先生也参加宴会。提示：在口语中，and常用在come，go，run，stay，try等之后表示目的，and在此相当于不定式符号to。
Go and ask him.去问问他。
Try and finish the work in a month.设法在一个月内完成这项工作。
重点用法②常用的从属连词
用法：1.that无词义，用于引导名词性从句（主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句）和定语从句。
I think that she is tired.我想他累了。
The trouble is that I’ve lost his address.麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。
2.when，while和as意为“当……时”，用于引导时间状语从句，都可表示从句和主句的动作同时发生，when也可表示先后发生。
While I read,she sang.我在看书时，她在唱歌。
When/While/As he was doing his homework,I came in.
当他写作业时我走了过来。
There were chairs left over when everyone had sat down.
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当大家就座后还剩下几把椅子。
3.since意为“自从……以来”，引导时间状语从句。从句用一般过去时，主句多用一般现在时或现在完成时。
Many things have happened since I last saw him.从我上次见到他以来发生了很多事。
How long is it since we last went to the theatre?我们多久没去看戏了？
4.as soon as意为“刚一……就”，引导时间状语从句。从句用一般现在时表示将来发生的动作或状态。
As soon as I get the present,I’ll tell you.我一收到礼物就告诉你。
I’ll tell Ann the good news as soon as she comes back.安一回来，我就告诉她这个好消息。
5.before意为“在……之前”，after意为“在……之后”，都可引导时间状语从句。
Did she leave a message before she went?她走之前留言了吗？
I found her bag after she had left.她走了以后，我发现了她的包。
6.till和until意为“直到……时”，可引导时间状语从句。一般认为till不如until正式，在书面语中不常用。句首通常用until。
Can you wait till/until I come back?你能等到我回来吗？
He did n’t finish his homework until his mother came back. finish是点动词，故用否定句。
直到他妈妈回来，他才完成作业。
7.because意为“因为”，引导原因状语从句。常用于回答why引导的特殊疑问句，不能和so 连用。
I did it because my mother told me to.妈妈吩咐我去做这件事，我才做的。
-Why are you late?你为什么迟到？
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-Because I met a traffic accident on my way here.因为我在来这儿的路上遇到了车祸。
8.if意为“如果”，引导条件状语从句。
If necessary I will come at once.如果有必要，我会马上来。
9.though和although意为“虽然”，引导让步状语从句。它们都不能与but连用。Though I was tired,I still worked hard.虽然我很累，但我仍然努力工作。
10.so...that意为“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句。that后面跟的从句是否定句时，可与too...to互换。
The box is so heavy that I can’t lift it.=The box is too heavy for me to lift.
箱子太沉了，我抬不起来。
提示：though，although和as都可以表示“虽然”，引导让步状语从句。as引导的从句要用倒装语序，即把从句中的表语、状语或动词原形放在as之前。though和although放在句首时用法相同，但如放在句末时用though，不用although，且前面有逗号。这几个词均不能与and，but连用，但可与yet连用。
Try as she might,she couldn’t open the door. as引导的让步状语从句要用倒装语序。她试过多次了，可仍然打不开那门。
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（1）表语从句 1．定义：用作表语的从句叫做表语从句。 2．构成：关联词+简单句 3．引导表语从句的关联词的种类： (1) 从属连词that。如： The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。 (2) 从属连词whether, as, as if。如： He looked just as he had looked ten years before. 他看起来还与十年前一样。 The question is whether they will be able to help us. 问题是他们是否能帮我们。 注：从属连词if一般不用来引导表语从句，但as if却可引导表语从句，如： All this was over twenty years ago, but it's as if it was only yesterday. gh能跟表语从句的谓语动词一般为系动词be, seem, look等。如： It looked as if it was going to rain. 看起来天要下雨了。 连接副词 where, when, how, why。 如：The problem is who we can get to replace her. 问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。 The question is how he did it. 问题是他是如何做此事的。 That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic. 那就是她今晨上了阁楼干的。 解释： 1．连词because可引导表语从句。如： I think it is because you are doing too much. 我想这是因为你做得太多。 2．在一些表示“建议、劝说、命令”的名词后面的表语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气。should+动词原形表示，should可省略。如： My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow. 我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。（2）主语从句 1．定义：用作主语的从句叫做主语从句。 2．构成：关联词+简单句 3．引导主语从句的关联词有三类： (1) 从属连词that。如：That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them. 很明显，她们确是亲姐妹，她们的脸型很相似。 (2) 从属连词whether。如： Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear. 他是否会来这里还不清楚。 (3) 连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 连接副词 where, when, how, why。如： What she did is not yet known. 她干了什么尚不清楚。 How this happened is not clear to anyone. 这事怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。 Whoever comes is welcome. 不论谁来都欢迎。 Wherever you are is my home ---- my only home. 你所在的任何地方就是我的家----我唯一的家。 解释： 1．主语从句能用it作形式上的主语。常以it作形式主语的句型有： A. It+be+形容词(obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.)+that从句。如： It is certain that she will do well in her exam. 毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好。 It is probable that he told her everything. 很可能他把一切都告诉她了。 B. It+be+名词词组(no wonder, an honour, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.)+that
教材练习答案及听力原文 Unit 1 WARMING UP ?Answers: 1 Archimedes, Ancient Greek (287-21 2 BC) He was a mathematician. He found that if you put an object into water the water pushes the object up. It rises and partly floats. The force of the water pushing it up is the same as the weight of the object. 2 Charles Darwin, British (1808-1882) The Origin of Species was published in 1859. It explained how plants and animals had changed over time to fit in with a changing environment. At the time it was published it was very controversial. Many people believed the Bible when it said that God made the first two people (Adam and Eve) and that all other people came from these two. Darwin’s book showed that people had developed from apes instead. So this caused a lot of ar gument between religious and scientific people. However Darwin’s idea became very influential and is still accepted today. 3 Thomas Newcomen, British (1663-1729) He improved the first steam pump built by Thomas Savery in 1698 and turned it into a steam engine for taking water out of mines in 1712. James Watt improved it still further in the 1770s turning it into the first modern steam engine used on the railways. 4 Gregor Mendel, Czech (1822-1884) He grew pea plants and developed ideas on heredity and inherited characteristics. He concentrated on cross-fertilising pea plants and analyzing the results. Between 1856-1863 he grew 28,000 pea plants. He examined seven kinds of seed and plant characteristics and developed some laws of inheritance. The first is that inheritance factors do not combine but are passed to the next generation intact. Second, he found that each partner gives half the inherited factors to the young. Third, some of these factors show up in the offspring (and so are dominant). The other factors are masked by the dominant ones (and so are recessive). 5 Marie Curie, Polish and French (1867-1934) She was born in Poland and came to study in France in 1891 and she lived there for the rest of her life. In 1898 she discovered radium. She received two Nobel prizes, one (with Pierre Curie) for physics (1903) and one for chemistry (1911). She is the only person to have been so honoured. On the death of her husband she took over his job at the Sorbonne in Paris. Her work on radioactivity and the discovery of radium meant that she began a new scientific area of research. She was the first woman to receive a Nobel Prize and the first woman to teach at the Sorbonne. 6 Thomas Edison, American (1847-1931) He was already an inventor of other electrical devices (phonograph, electric light bulb) when in 1882 he designed a system for providing New York with electricity from a central power station. This was a tremendous achievement, which had previously been thought impossible.
O(∩_∩)O~人教版高一英语词组Unit1 1.argue about 争论….. 2. be fond of 喜欢….. 3. all the time 一直，始终 4. make fire 生火 5. develop a friendship建立友谊 6. care about 关心，担心 7. in order to 为了…… 8. hunt for 搜寻；追寻；寻找 9. such as 例如 10. make friends交朋友 11. be regard as被当作….. 12. click …away 点击……发送 13. make a difference有所不同 14 .drop sb. a line给某人写信 15 keep in mind记住 16.at the end of 在…..的末尾 wake up醒来 wander off 漫步 most of the time 大部分时间 either…or… 或……或……
each other 互相 spend…(in)doing s th 花费时间做某事 be determined to do 决定做…… think about 看法 for example 举例子 work out 得出；解决 argue for 为……辩护 argue with 与……争论/争辩 argue against 争辩…… set up （具体）设置；安装/（抽象）建立do some research 做研究 choose to do sth. 宁愿、偏要、决定做某事catch one’s eye 引起某人的注意 care for 照顾 be intended for/to do 为……而准备、预定reach a doctor 找到医生 must have done 一定是；想必是 get a training 得到训练 as well as ……也 second to 次于 get sb. into使某人进入/陷入 story after story 一个故事接着一个
按住Ctrl键单击鼠标打开配套教学视频名师讲课播放 必修5 Unit 1 JOHH SHOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA” John Snow was a famous doctor in London - so expert, indeed, that he attend ed Queen Victoria as her personal physician. But he became inspired when he tho ught about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. This was the deadly dise ase of its day. Neither its cause nor its cure was understood. So many thousand s of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. John Snow wanted t o face the challenge and solve this problem. He knew that cholera would never b e controlled until its cause was found. He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera ki lled people. The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air. A cloud of dangerous gas floated around until it found its victims. The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals. From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person die d. John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed eviden ce. So when another outbreak hit London in 1854, he was ready to begin his enqu iry. As the disease spread quickly through poor neighbourhoods, he began to gat her information. In two particular streets, the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. He was determined to find out why. First he marked on a map the exact places where all the dead people had liv ed. This gave him a valuable clue about the cause of the disease. Many of the d eaths were near the water pump in Broad Street (especially numbers 16, 37, 38 a nd 40). He also noticed that some houses (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths. He had not foreseen this, so he made further investigations. He discovered that these people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street. They had been given free beer and so had not drunk the water from the pump. It seemed that the water was to blame. Next, John Snow looked into the source of the water for these two streets. He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London. H e immediately told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle f rom the pump so that it could not be used. Soon afterwards the disease slowed d own. He had shown that cholera was spread by germs and not in a cloud of gas. In another part of London, he found supporting evidence from two other deat hs that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak. A woman, who had moved away f rom Broad Street, liked the water from the pump so much that she had it deliver ed to her house every day. Both she and her daughter died of cholera after drin king the water. With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with ce rtainty that polluted water carried the virus.
Unit 1 语法重点 一、动词不定式 不定式可以用来做主语、表语、定语、状语、宾语、独立成分，表示比较具体的意义。 （1）做主语 ①动词不定式短语 To master a foreign language is no easy job. To see this film is to waste time. To solve this problem is out of the question ②为平衡整个句子，避免头重脚轻，常用it做形式主语，而将真正主语不定式放后 面，用于这种形式是一些特定的结构。例如： 1）谓语部分是系表结构，表语是某些形容词或名词。例如： It is foolish to do in this way. It sounds reasonable to do it this way. 2）某些动词做谓语时。例如： It took much time to do this. It makes us excited to think about that. (2) 做表语 表示打算、计划、命令和要求，用于appear, seem, happen等系动词后面 Such questions are to be avoided. What he said proved to be true. He seems to be ill. (3) 做定语 做定语时不定式一般紧跟其所修饰名词或代词后面。例如： He was the first one to come this morning. He didn’t have the chance to go to school in the past. 如果不定式是不及物动词时，应注意其相应介词的搭配。例如： He has nothing to worry about. She is a very nice person to work with. (4) 作状语 不定式作状语可以表示目的、原因和结果。 ①表目的常用in order to, so as to,等结构但so as to只能放在主句之后。 Check your homework so as to avoid mistakes. She goes home (in order) to see her grandmother every week. ②表结果常用only to do, enough to do, too…to do等句型，不定式短语作结果状语具有 “意料之外”之意。 He is too excited to speak anything. I hurried to his house, only to find him out. ③原因 She seemed surprised to see us. He is sorry for what he did to think of his past. -不定式作方式状语时，通常采用as if 或 as though + to 的结构，其意为“好像要……”。 He raised his hand as if to hit me. She took out a pen and a piece of paper as though to write something. (5) 做宾语
高中英语语法——连词 1.定义：连词是一种虚词，用于连接单词、短语、从句或句子的词。 2.连词在句子中不单独用作句子成分。 3.分类：连词按其性质可分为并列连词和从属连词。
连词造句练习： 1.上完最后一节课之后，我就回家了。 2.你和他都是我的朋友。 3.她不但喜欢唱歌，还喜欢画画儿。 4.——我不喜欢吃芒果。 ——我也不喜欢。 5.就篮球而言，我比他打得好一点儿。 6.除非他先向我道歉，否则我不会原谅他的。 7.直到他离开了我，我才意识到他很重要。 8.虽然我不喜欢吃香蕉，但我也不讨厌它。
七选五练习 （一） When I was in high school and college, I went to fast food restaurants pretty often. Even until today, fast food is a popular choice among students. So, what makes fast food restaurants really popular year after year? The food is not very expensive. 1 So, it is good to get something tasty to eat and still have some money left for a movie later. Nowadays, many fast food restaurants open till late nights. 2 Most teenagers go there also because other boys and girls are there. It is fun to be there, as seen in fast food TV advertisements. It is cool. 3 You can just order fries or you can also mix and match with plenty of choices, such as coke with French fries, sundae with apple pies, salad with burgers. And managers there will not stare at you for reading there for hours if you just order French fries and a cup of coke. 4 They can have group discussions of school projects, small talk and even birthday celebrations. You can try telling them some fast food is unhealthy, but I doubt if youngsters will listen. 5 Some of them go to a fast restaurant every week. The food there is cheap, delicious, and served fast. A. Fast food does not have to be bad for you. B. Many teenagers do not have much money. C. Fast food is still popular with many of them. D. At fast food restaurants, you choose what you want. E. Today, fast food restaurants are offering healthier food. F. A fast food restaurant is a good place for some activities for teenagers. G. So, these places are comfortable and safe to hang out during late nights. Key: A B D F G My friend Jerry was one of the most positive people I had ever known. 1 If his employee had a bad day, Jerry always helped him to look on the positive side of the situation. 2 So one day I asked him, “ How can you be so positive all the time?” He replied,
高中英语必修五课文及翻 译 Final approval draft on November 22, 2020
-必修 5 Unit 2 The United Kingdom Reading PUZZLES IN GEOGRAPHY People may wonder why different words are used to describe these four countries: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. You can clarify this question if you study British history. First there was England. Wales was linked to it in the thirteenth century. Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well. Next England and Wales were joined to Scotland in the seventeenth century and the name was changed to "Great Britain". Happily this was accomplished without conflict when King James of Scotland became King of England and Wales as well. Finally the English government tried in the early twentieth century to form the United Kingdom by getting Ireland connected in the same peaceful way. However, the southern part of Ireland was unwilling and broke away to form its own government. So only Northern Ireland joined with England, Wales and Scotland to become the United Kingdom and this was shown to the world in a new flag called the Union Jack. To their credit the four countries do work together in some areas (eg, the currency and international relations), but they still have very different institutions. For example, Northern Ireland, England and Scotland have different educational and legal systems as well as different football teams for competitions like the World Cup! England is the largest of the four countries, and for convenience it is divided roughly into three zones. The zone nearest France is called the South of England, the middle zone is called the Midlands and the one nearest to Scotland is known as the North. You find most of the population settled in the south, but most of the industrial cities in the Midlands and the North of England. Although, nationwide, these cities are not as large as those in China, they have world-famous football teams and some of them even have two! It is a pity that the industrial cities built in the nineteenth century do not attract visitors. For historical architecture you have to go to older but smaller towns built by the Romans. There you will find out more about British history and culture. The greatest historical treasure of all is London with its museums, art collections, theatres, parks and buildings. It is the centre of national
Module 1 British and American English Words, words, words British and American English are different in many ways. The first and most obvious way is in the vocabulary. There are hundreds of different words which are not used on the other side of the Atlantic, or which are used with a different meaning. Some of these words are well known — Americans drive automobiles down freeways and fill up with gas; the British drive cars along motorways and fill up with petrol. As a tourist, you will need to use the underground in London or the subway in New York, or maybe you will prefer to get around the town by taxi (British) or ca b (American). Chips or French fries? But other words and expressions are not so well known. Americans use a flashlight, while for the British, it's a torch. The British queue up; Americans stand in line. Sometimes the same word has a slightly different meaning, which can be confusing. Chips, for example, are pieces of hot fried potato in Britain; in the States chips are very thin and are sold in packets. The British call these crisps. The chips the British know and love are French fries on the other side of the Atlantic. Have or have got? There are a few differences in grammar, too. The British say Have you got ...? while Americans prefer Do you have ...? An American might say My friend just arrived, but a British person would say My friend has just arrived. Prepositions, too, can be different: compare on the team, on the weekend (American) with in the team, at the weekend (British). The British use prepositions where Americans sometimes omit them (I'll see you Monday; Write me soon!). Colour or color? The other two areas in which the two varieties differ are spelling and pronunciation. American spelling seems simpler: center, color and program instead of centre, colour and programme. Many factors have influenced American pronunciation since the first settlers arrived four hundred years ago. The accent, which is most similar to British English, can be heard on the East Coast of the US. When the Irish writer George Bernard Shaw made the famous remark that the British and the Americans are two nations divided by a common language, he was obviously thinking about the differences. But are they really so important? After all, there is probably as much variation of pronunciation within the two countries as between them. A Londoner has more difficulty understanding a Scotsman from Glasgow than understanding a New Yorker. Turn on the TV Some experts believe that the two varieties are moving closer together. For more than a century communications across the Atlantic have developed steadily. Since the 1980s, with satellite TV and the Internet, it has been possible to listen to British and American English at the flick of a switch. This non-stop communication, the experts think, has made it easier for British people and Americans to understand each other. But it has also led to lots of American words and structures passing into British English, so that some people now believe that British English will disappear. However, if you turn on CNN, the American TV network, you find newsreaders and weather forecasters all speaking with different accents — American, British, Australian, and even Spanish. One of the best-known faces, Monita Rajpal, was born in Hong Kong, China, and grew up speaking Chinese and Punjabi, as well as English. This international dimension suggests that in the future, there are going to be many "Englishes", not just two main varieties. But the message is "Don't worry." Users of English will all be able to understand each other — wherever they are.
四种名词性从句(宾语从句、主语从句、同位语从句、表语从句)讲解与练习 ◆学习宾语从句 学习宾语从句的连词、语序、时态和各种变化及特殊用法(直接引证变间接引语也在 宾语从句的基础上还要进行人称、状语、少数动词和句型的变化)是为学习其它三种名词性从句(主从、表从、同位从)做铺垫，连词、语序、时态基本相同，只是后三种考点相对宾.语从句少的多，主要是对连词的应用进行考查。所以学好宾语从句是必要的。 宾语从句三注意三特殊 一注意:注意引导词(连词) 由陈述句转化而来的宾语从句，引导词为that，that 在口语或非正式文体中可省略;由 一般疑问句转化而来的宾语从句，引导词为if或whether;由特殊疑问句转化而来的宾语从句，引导词为句子本身的特殊疑问词，即what, when，where 等。 Eg：Tom says(that)he will fly to Beijing tomorrow. 汤姆说他明天将要坐飞机去北京 二注意:注意从句语序. 宾语从句的语序应该为陈述句语序即“主语+谓语+宾语+其他”。也就是说将疑问句转化成宾语从句时，一定要将疑问句语序转变成陈述句语序。 Can you tell me what he is doing能告诉我他正在做什么吗? <特别提醒>当疑问句在宾语从句中做主语时，语序不变。 Eg：Do you know what makes him so angry? 你知道什么事使他如此生气吗？ <特别提醒>如果宾语从句表示的是客观真理或是科学事实，其谓语动词仍用一般现在.时态。 Eg：Our teacher told us that the sun is much bigger than the moon. 老师告诉我们说太阳比月球大得多。 ◆主语从句(与宾词从句连词、语序、时态相同。只是不能用if, that 不可省;) (一)、主语从句是一个句子，在句子中作主语成分。 (二)，主语从句的特点 1.与宾语从句使用同样的连接词，只是if不能用; 1)、陈述句用that。 2)、一般疑问句用whether。 3)、特殊疑问句用特殊疑问词what, which, who,when, where, why, how等词引导。 2.以it为形式主语出现 Eg：1.It's true that the earth is round. That the earth is round is true. 2.表是否的意思时，不能用if代替whether. It hasn't been decided whether he'll come or not. Whether he'll come or not hasn't been decided. 3.从句语序为主谓宾正常语序。 Why didn't he come? Why he didn't come is not known. （三）特殊疑问词变化 Whoever=no matter who=any one who Whomever=no matter who=any one who