Book 1
Jd101.mp3Unit 1
Want to know how to improve your grades without having to spend more time studying?
Sounds too good to be true? Well, read on...
How to Improve Your Study Habits
Perhaps you are an average student with average intelligence. You do well enough in school, but you probably think you will never be a top student. This is not necessarily the case, however.You can receive better grades if you want to. Yes, even students of average intelligence can be top students without additional work. Here's how:
1. Plan your time carefully. Make a list of your weekly tasks. Then make a schedule or chart of your time. Fill in committed time such as eating, sleeping, meetings, classes, etc. Then decide on good, regular times for studying. Be sure to set aside enough time to complete your normal reading and work assignments. Of course, studying shouldn't occupy all of the free time on the schedule. It's important to set aside time for relaxation, hobbies, and entertainment as well. This weekly schedule may not solve all of your problems, but it will make you more aware of how you spend your time. Furthermore, it will enable you to plan your activities so that you have adequate time for both work and play.
2. Find a good place to study. Choose one place for your study area. It may be a desk or a chair at home or in the school library, but it should be comfortable, and it should not have distractions. When you begin to work, you should be able to concentrate on the subject.
3. Skim before you read. This means looking over a passage quickly before you begin to read it more carefully. As you preview the material, you get some idea of the content and how it is organized. Later when you begin to read you will recognize less important material and you may skip some of these portions. Skimming helps double your reading speed and improves your comprehension as well.
第一册
第一单元
想知道怎样提高你的成
绩而又不必花太多的时间去
学习吗？听上去是不是好得
令人难以臵信呢？那就读读
看吧……
怎样改进你的学习习惯
你也许是个智力一般的普通学生。你在学校的学习成绩还不错，可你也许会觉得自己永远也成不了尖子。然而实际情况未必如此。你要是想取得更好的分数，也还是能做到的。是的，即使中等智力水平的学生，在不增加学习负担的情况下，也能成为优等生。其诀窍如下：
1. 仔细安排你的时间。把你每周要完成的任务一一列出来，然后制订一张时间表或时间分配图。先把用于吃饭、睡觉、开会、听课等这样一些非花不可的时间填上，然后再选定合适的固定时间用于学习。一定要留出足够的时间来完成正常的阅读和课外作业。当然，学习不应把作息表上的空余时间全都占去。还得留出时间给休息、业余爱好和娱乐活动，这一点很重要。这一周的作息表也许解决不了你所有的问题，但是它会使你比较清楚地了解你是如何使用时间的。此外，它还能让你安排好各种活动，既有足够的时间工作，也有足够的时间娱乐
2. 找个合适的地方学习。选定某个地方作为你的“学习区”。学习区可以是家里或学校图书馆里的一张书桌或一把椅子，但它应该是舒适的，而且不该有干扰。在你开始学习时，你应能够全神贯注于你的功课。
3. 阅读之前先略读。这就是说，在你仔细阅读一篇文章之前，先把它从头到尾快速浏览一遍。在预习材料时，你就对它的内容及其结构有了大致的了解。随后在你正式开始阅读时,你就能辨认出不太重要的材料，并且可以略去某些章节不读。略读不仅使你的阅读速度提高一倍，还有助于提高你的理解力。
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4. Make good use of your time in class. Listening to what the teacher says in class means less work later. Sit where you can see and hear well. Take notes to help you remember what the teacher says.
5. Study regularly. Go over your notes as soon as you can after class. Review important points mentioned in class as well as points you remain confused about. Read about these points in your textbook. If you know what the teacher will discuss the next day, skim and read that material too. This will help you understand the next class. If you review your notes and textbook regularly, the material will become more meaningful and you will remember it longer. Regular rev iew leads to improved performance on test.
6. Develop a good attitude about tests. The purpose of a test is to show what you have learned about a subject. The world won't end if you don't pass a test, so don't worry excessively about a single test. Tests provide grades, but they also let you know what you need to spend more time studying, and they help make your knowledge permanent.
There are other techniques that might help you with your studying. Only a few have been mentioned here. You will probably discover many others after you have tried these. T alk with your classmates about their study techniques. Share with them some of the techniques you have found to be helpful. Improving your study habits will improve your grades.
NEW WORDS
average n. ordinary 普通的；中等的
intelligenc e n. ability to learn and understand 智力
necessarily ad. inevitably 必定
case n. what has really happened; actual condition 实情
additiona l a. added 加的，额外的
n. addition
weekly a. done or happening every week 每周的；一周一次的
schedule n. timetable 时间表
4. 充分利用课堂上的时间。上课时注意听讲意味着课后少费力气。要坐在能看得见、听得清的地方。要作笔记来帮助自己记往老师讲课的内容。
5. 学习要有规律。课后要及早复习笔记。重温课堂上提到的要点，复习你仍然弄不懂的地方。阅读教科书上讲到这些内容的有关章节。如果你知道第二天老师要讲述的内容，那就把这部分材料浏览一下。这有助于你听懂下一堂课。如果你定期复习笔记和课本，你就能更深刻地领会这些材料的内容，也会记得更长久。定期复习是提高考试成绩的有效途径。
6. 树立正确的考试态度。考试的目的在于显示你掌握某一科目的程度。一次考试不及格，天是不会塌下来的。因此，不必为个别的一次考试而过分担心。不错，考试是要评定分数的，但考试也让你知道自己在哪些方面还需要进一步下功夫钻研，另外，考试还有助于你进一步巩固所学到的新知识。
还有另外一些能帮助你提高学习效果的方法。这里只提到寥寥几种。你尝试过这几种方法之后，或许还会发现许多别的方法。跟同学们一起聊聊他们的学习方法。让他们分享你所发现的某些行之有效的学习方法。改进学习习惯一定会提高你的学习成绩。
chart n. (sheet of paper with) information written or drawn in the form of a picture 图（表）
commit vt. 指定...用于
aside ad. to the side在旁边；到（向）一边etc (Latin, shortened form for et cetera) and other things等等
normal a. usual正常的，正规的，标准的
reading n. the act or practice of reading阅读
assignment n. sth. given out as a
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task(布置的)作业
occupy n. take up占用
relaxation n. (sth. done for) rest and amusement 休息，娱乐
relax v. 放松，休息，休养
hobby n. what one likes to do in one's free time业余爱好
entertainment n. show, party, etc. that people enjoy娱乐
entertain vt. 娱乐，招待，款待
solve vt. find an answer to (a problem)解决（问题）
aware a. having knowledge or understanding知道的；意识到的
furthermore ad. moreover; in addition而且；此外enable vt. make (sb.) able (to do sth.)使（某人）能（做某事）
activity n. sth. (to be) done 活动
adequate a. as much as one needs; enough充分的；足够的
distraction n. sth. that draws away the mind or attention分心（或分散注意力）的事物
concentrate (on or upon) vi. pay close attention (to)全神贯注（于）
skim vt. read quickly to get the main ideas (of)略读
preview vt. have a general v iew of (sth.) beforehand 预习
content n. what is written in a book, etc.内容organize vt. form into a whole组织
later ad. 后来；以后
skip vt. pass over略过
portion n. part; share一部分；一份
double v. make or become twice as great or as many（使）增加一倍
comprehension n. the act of understanding or ability to understand理解（力）
mention vt. speak or write about (sth.) in a few words提及
confused a. mixed up in one's mind迷惑的，混淆的
confuse vt. 搞乱，使糊涂textbook n. a standard book for the study of a subject教科书；课本performance n. achievement成绩
meaningful a. having important meaning or value富有意义的
attitude n. what one thinks about sth.态度，看法
purpose n. aim目的，意图excessively ad. too much过多地，过分地
excessive a. 过多的，过分的permanent a. lasting for a long time; never changing持久的；永久的technique n. way of doing sth.
技巧，方法
helpful a. useful; providing help or wiling to help有益的；给予帮助的，肯帮忙的
PHRASES & EXPRSSIONS
fill in write in填写，填充decide on make a choice or decision about选定，决定
set aside save for a special purpose留出
as wel l also; too; in addition 也，还；同样
be aware (of)know (sth.); know (what is happening)知道，意识到concentrate on direct one's attention, efforts, etc. to全神贯注于look over examine (quickly)把...看一遍，过目
go over review 复习
lead to result in 导致
Jd102.mp3Unit 2
3
At sixty-five Francis Chichester set out to sail single-handed round the world. This is the story
of that adventure.
Sailing Round the World
Before he sailed round the world single-handed, Francis Chichester had already surprised his friends several times. He had tried to fly round the world but failed. That was in 1931.
The years passed. He gave up flying and began sailing. He enjoyed it greatly. Chichester was already 58 years old when he won the first solo transatlantic sailing race. His old dream of going round the world came back, but this time he would sail. His friends and doctors did not think he could do it, as he had lung cancer. But Chichester was determined to carry out his plan. In August, 1963, at the age of nearly sixty-five, an age when many men retire, he began the greatest voyage of his life. Soon, he was away in this new 16-metre boat, Gipsy Moth.
Chichester followed the route of the great nineteenth century clipper ships. But the clippers had had plenty of crew. Chicheater did it all by himself, even after the main steering device had been damaged by gales. Chichester covered 14, 100 miles before stopping in Sydney, Australia. This was more than twice the distance anyone had previously sailed alone.
He arrived in Australia on 12 December, just 107 days out from England. He received a warm welcome from the Australians and from his family who had flown there to meet him. On shore, Chichester could not walk without help. Everybody said the same thing: he had done enough; he must not go any further. But he did not listen.
After resting in Sydney for a few weeks, Chichester set off once more in spite of his friends' attempts to dissuade him. The second half of his voyage was by far the more dangerous part, during which he sailed round the treacherous Cape Horn.
第二单元
65岁的弗朗西斯.奇切斯
特打算单独进行一次环球航
行，这就是那次冒险的故事。
环球航行
弗朗西斯·奇切斯特在独自驾船作环球航行之前，已有好几次让他的朋友们感到吃惊了, 他曾试图作环球飞行，但没有成功。那是在1931年。
好多年过去了。他放弃了飞行，开始航海。他领略到航海的巨大乐趣。奇切斯特在首届横渡大西洋单人航海比赛中夺魁时，已经五十八岁。他周游世界的宿愿重又被唤起，不过这一次他是要驾船环游。由于他患有肺癌，朋友们和医生们都认为他不能去，但奇切斯特决意实施自己的计划。1966年8月，在他快满六十五岁时——许多人在这个年龄己经退休——他开始了一生中最了不起的一次航海。不久，他就驾着那艘16米长的新船吉普赛·莫思号启程出海了。
奇切斯特沿着十九世纪三桅帆船的航线航行。不过，三桅帆船拥有众多船员，而奇切斯特却是独个儿扬帆破浪，即使在主要转舵装臵被大风刮坏之后仍是这样。奇切斯特一直航行了14,000英里，到了澳大利亚的悉尼港才停船靠岸。这段航程比以往单人驾舟航海的最远航程还多一倍多。
他于12月12日抵达澳大利亚，这一天正是他离开英国的第一百零七天。他受到澳大利亚人和乘飞机专程前去迎接他的家人们的热烈欢迎。奇切斯特上岸后，得由人搀扶才能行走。大家众口一词，说他已航行得够远了，不要再继续向前航行了。但他却臵若罔闻。
在悉尼休息了几周之后，他不顾朋友们的多方劝阻，再次扬帆出航。这后半段航程更为艰险,在此期间，他绕过了险情四伏的合恩角。
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On 29 January he left Australia. The next night, the blackest he had ever known, the sea became so rough that the boat almost turned over. Food, clothes, and broken glass were all mixed together. Fortunately, bed and went to sleep. When he woke up, the sea had become calm the nearest person he could contact by radio, unless there was a ship nearby, Wild be on an island 885 miles away.
After succeeding in sailing round Cape Horn, Chichester sent the following radio message to London:" I feel as if I had wakened from a nightmare. Wild horses could not drag me down to Cape Horn and that sinister Southern Ocean again."
Just before 9 o'clock on Sunday evening 28 May, 1967, he arrived back in England, where a quarter of a million people were waiting to welcome him. Queen Elizabeth II knighted him with the very sword that Queen Elizabeth I had sailed round the world for the first time. The whole voyage from England and back had covered 28, 500 miles. It had taken him nine months, of which the sailing time was 226 days. He had done what he wanted to accomplish.
Like many other adventurers, Chichester had experienced fear and conquered it. In doing so, he had undoubtedly learnt something about himself. Moreover, in the modern age when human beings depend so much on machines, h e had given men throughout the world new pride.
NEW WORDS
single-handed a. & ad. (done) by one person alone 单独的（地）
adventure n. 冒险（活动）
solo a. single-handed 单独的transatlantic a. crossing the Atlantic Ocean
1月29日他驶离澳大利亚。第二天夜晚——这是他所经历过的最黑暗的一个夜晚——海面上波涛汹涌，小船几乎被风浪掀翻。食物、衣服还有碎玻璃，全都混杂在一起了。幸好小船遭到的损坏还不算太严重。奇切斯特镇静地钻进被窝，睡着了。等他醒来时，大海又恢复了平静。然而，他仍禁不住想到，要是果真有什么意外，他能用无线电联系上的人，最近的也要在885英里以外的岛上，除非附近哪儿有条轮船。
奇切斯特成功地绕过合思角以后，便通过无线电给伦敦发去如下电文：“我觉得好像刚从恶梦中醒来。就是野马也休想再把我拖回到合思角和那凶险莫测的南大洋去了。”
1967年5月28日，星期天，晚上将近九点，他回到了英国。有二十五万人等在那儿欢迎他。女王伊丽莎白二世手持宝剑封他为爵士，将近400年前，伊丽莎白一世也曾手持同一把宝剑，把爵位赐予完成首次环球航行的弗朗西斯.德雷克爵士。从英国出发，再回到英国，整个航程长达28，500英里。奇切斯特一共花了九个月的时间，其中实际航行时间为226天。他终于完成了他想完成的伟业。
像许多别的冒险家一样，奇切斯特产生过恐惧而又战胜了恐惧。在这一过程中，他无疑对自身有了一些了解。此外，在当今这个人类如此依赖机器的时代，他赋予了全世界的人们以新的自豪感。
横度大西洋
lung n. part of the body with which one breathes 肺
cancer n. 癌
determined a. with one's mind firmly made up 下定了决心的determine v. 下定决心
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determination n. 决心，果断
retire vi. stop working at one's job(because of age) 退休
voyage n. sea journey 航海；航行
route n. way from one place to another 路线clipper n. 快速帆船
crew n. group of people who work together on a ship or airplane 全体船员；全体乘务员
steer vt. make (esp. a boat or road vehicle) go in a particular direction 为...撑舵
device n. a piece of equipment设备；装置steering device n. 操舵装置
damage vt. cause harm or injury to 损坏ad. harm, injury 损坏
gale n. very strong wind大风
cove r vt. travel (a certain distance)行过（一段距离）previously ad. before 以前
previous a. 以前的
attempt n. try 试图，尝试
dissuade vt. prevent (sb.) from doing sth. by reasoning 劝阻
treacherous a. more dangerous than it seems 暗藏危险的；奸诈的
cape n. 海角
rough a. (of weather or the sea) stormy; not calm （气候）有暴风雨的；（海）波涛汹涌的fortunately ad. luckily 幸运地；幸亏
fortunat e a. 幸运的
contact vt. get in touch with 联系，接触
nearby ad. close by 在附近
following a. next; to be mentioned immediately 接着的；下列的
waken v. (cause to) wake 唤醒；醒来nightmare n. terrible dream 恶梦
drag vt. pull along with great effort 拖，拉sinister a. 凶恶的，邪恶的
knight n. 爵士vt. 封... 为爵士
sword n. 剑，刀accomplish vt. finish successfully 完成
conquer vt. overcome征服undoubtedly ad. certainly无疑地moreover ad. in addition此外，而且human a. of or concerning people 人们
being n. a liv ing thing, esp. a person生物；人
PHRASES & EXPRESSIOMS
set out begin a course if action 着手，开始
give up atop doing放弃
be determined to (do) have a strong will to (do)决心（做）
(all) by oneself(completely) alone in spite of not taking notice of; not caring about 尽管；虽然
by far by a large amount or degree...得多
turn over (cause to) fall over, upset（使）翻倒，（使）倾覆
can not help can not keep oneself from禁不住
PEOPER NAMES
Francis Chichester弗朗西斯. 奇切斯特
Gipsy Moth吉普赛. 莫斯Sydney悉尼（澳大利亚城市）Cape Horn合恩角（智利）London伦敦
Elizabeth伊丽莎白（女子名）Drake德雷克（姓氏）
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Jd103.mp3Unit 3
They say that blood is thicker than water, that our relatives are more important to us than
others. Everyone was so kind to the old lady on
her birthday. Surely her daughter would make
an even bigger effort to please her?
The Present
It was the old lady's birthday.
She got up early to be ready for the post. From the second floor flat she could see the postman when he came down the street, and the little boy from the ground floor brought up her letters on the rare occasions when anything came.
Today she was sure there would be something. Myra wouldn't forget her mother's birthday, even if she seldom wrote at other times. Of course Myra was busy. Her husband had been made Mayor, and Myra herself had got a medal for her work the aged.
The old lady was proud of Myra, but Enid was the daughter she loved. Enid had never married, but had seemed content to live with her mother, and teach in a primary school round the corner.
One evening, however, Enid said, "I've arranged for Mrs. Morrison to look after you for a few days, Mother. Tomorrow I have to go into hospital--just a minor operation, I'll soon be home."
In the morning she went, but never came back--she died on the operating table. Myra came to the funeral, and in her efficient way arranged for Mrs. Morrison to come in and light the fire and give the old lady her breakfast.
Two years ago that was, and since then Myra had been to see her mother three times, but her husband never.
The old lady was eight today. She had put on her best dress. Perhaps--perhaps Myra might come. After all, eighty was a special birthday, another decade lined or endured just as you chose to look at it.
Even if Myra did not come, she would send a present. The old lady was sure of that. Two spots of colour brightened her cheeks. She was excited--like a child. She would enjoy her day.
第三单元
都说血浓于水，亲人总是
比外人亲。在老太太生日这
天，每个人都对她非常好。无
疑她的女儿将会做出更大的
努力使她高兴？
礼物
这天是老太太的生日。
为了静心等候邮件，她一早就起床了。邮差打马路那头过来的时候，她从三搂的公寓套间里一眼就可以看到。她难得有信，偶尔有邮件寄来，总是由住在底楼的小男孩给她送上来。
她相信今天肯定会有什么东西寄来。迈拉尽管在别的时候绝少写信，可母亲的生日她是不会忘记的。当然，迈拉很忙。她丈夫当上了市长，迈拉自己也由于悉心为老年人工作而获得了一枚奖章。
老太太颇以迈拉自豪，但她真心疼爱的女儿却是伊妮德。伊妮德始终没结婚，但她似乎以跟母亲同住，并任教于附近的一所小学而心满意足。
然而一天傍晚，伊妮德却说：“妈妈，我已安排好让莫里森太太来照料你几天。明天我要去住院—只是动个小手术。我很快会回家来的。”
第二天早上她去了，却再也没有回来—她死在手术台上，迈拉来参加了葬礼，并以她的干练方式，安排莫里森太太来家生火为老太太准备早饭。
那是两年以前的事了，打那以后，迈拉来看过她母亲三次，可她丈夫却一次也没来过。
今天是老太太的八十寿辰。她穿上了她最好的衣裙。也许——也许迈拉会来的吧。不管怎么说，八十大寿毕竟非同一般——你又活了十年，或者说又熬过了十年，是活是熬，全在于你怎么看了。
即便迈拉不来，她也会寄件礼物来的。老太太对这点是拿得准的。脸颊上的两片红晕，使她满脸生辉。她心情激动——激动得像个小孩。她的这个生日一定会过得很快活的。
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Yesterday Mrs. Morrison had given the flat an extra clean, and today she had brought a card and a bunch of marigolds when she came to do the breakfast. Mrs. Grant downstairs had made a cake, and in the afternoon she was going down there to tea. The little boy, Johnnie, had been up with a packet of mints, and said he wouldn't go out to play until the post had come.
"I guess you'll get lots and lots of presents," he said, "I did last were when I was six."
What would she like? A pair of slippers perhaps. Or a new cardigan. A cardigan would be lovely. Blue's such a pretty colour. Jim had always liked her in blue. Or a table lamp. Or a book, a travel book, with pictures, or a little clock, with clear black numbers. So many lovely things.
She stood by the window, watching. The postman turned round the corner on his bicycle. Her heart beat fast. Johnnie had seen him too and ran to the gate.
Then clatter, clatter up the stairs. Johnnie knocked at her door.
"Granny, granny," he shouted, "I've got your post."
He gave her four envelopes. Three were unsealed cards from old friends. The fourth was sealed, in Myra's writing. The old lady felt a pang of disappointment.
"No parcel, Johnnie?"
"No, granny."
Maybe the parcel was too large to come by letter post. That was it. It would come later by parcel post. She must be patient.
Almost reluctantly she tore the envelope open. Folded in the card was a piece of paper. Written on the card was a message under the printed Happy Birthday -- Buy yourself something nice with the cheque, Myra and Harold.
The cheque fluttered to the floor like a bird with a broken wing. Slowly the old lady stooped to pick it up. Her present, her lovely present. With trembling fingers she tore it into little bits.
昨天，莫里森太太把这套公寓房间打扫得格外干净。今天来准备早餐时还带来了一张生日卡和一束万寿菊。楼下的格兰特太太还做了一块蛋糕，下午老太太要下楼到她家去吃茶点。小男孩约翰尼也上楼来过，送来了一盒薄荷糖，还说他要等邮件来了以后再出去玩。
“我猜你准会收到好多好多礼物，”他说。“上个礼拜我六岁生日，就收到好多好多。
她想要样什么礼物呢? 也许是一双拖鞋。或者是一件新的羊毛开衫。要真是一件羊毛开衫那就太好了。蓝盈盈的，那颜色该多么漂亮。过去吉姆就总喜欢她穿蓝色。再不就是一盏台灯，或者一本书，一本带照片的游记；一只小钟也行，钟面带醒目的黑色数字的小钟。让人喜欢的东西可真多。
她站在窗口张望着。邮差骑着自行车转过了拐角。她心跳加快了。约翰尼也看到了邮差，立即向大门口跑去。
接着，楼梯上传来“咔嗒咔嗒”的脚步声。约翰尼敲了敲她的门。
“奶奶，奶奶，”他叫着说，“我拿到你的信了。”
他交给她四封信。三封没封口，是老朋友寄来的生日卡。第四封是封口的，上面的字迹出自于迈拉之手。失望的痛楚攫住了老太太的心。
“没有包裹吗，约翰尼?”
“没有，奶奶。”
也许是包裹太大了，没法随信件邮班同来。对了，准是这个缘故。待会儿会由包裹邮班送来的。她一定要有耐心。
她几乎是带几分勉强之意撕开了信封。只见生日卡里夹着一张折叠起来的纸。卡上印有“生日快乐”字样；下面写着一句附言 ----拿这张支票给自己买样称心的东西 ----迈拉和哈罗德。
支票像只断了翅膀的小鸟似地飘落到地板上。老太太慢慢地弯下腰，把支票从地上捡了起来。她的礼物，她的可爱的
8
礼物! 她用颤抖的手指把支票撕了个粉碎。
NEW WORDS
relative n. 亲属，亲戚
present n. gift 礼物，赠品
postman n. 邮递员
rare a. not happening often 罕见的；不常发生的occasion n. special time; time when sth. happens 时刻，时机；场合
mayor n. chief official of a city or town 市长medal n. 奖章
aged a. old 年老的，…岁的，老年人特有的content a. satisfied; pleased 满意的；高兴的primary a. first; earliest 首要的；最初的arrange vi. make preparations; plan 作安排，筹划minor a. not serious or important 较小的；次要的operate v i. cut the body in order to set right or remove a diseased part 开刀，动手术
operating table n. a special table in a hospital, where operations are done 手术台
funeral n. 葬礼
efficient a. able to plan and work well 效率高的decade n. ten years 十年，十
endure vt. bear (pain, suffering, etc.) 忍受，忍耐spot n. a round area that is different from the main surface 点，斑点
brighten vt. make bright or brighter 使发光；使发亮cheek n. either side of the face below the eye 面颊extra a. additional 额加的，外加的
clean n. cleaning 清洁，清洗
bunch n. things of the same kind that are tied together （一）束，（一）串
marigold n. 万寿菊（花）
packet n. small parcel box 小包（裹）
mint n. 薄荷糖
slippe r n. 拖鞋
cardigan n. （羊毛）开衫
clatter n. a number of rapid short knocking sounds 咔嗒声
granny n. (colloq. for)grandmother
envelope n. a paper cover for a letter 信封unsealed a. 未密封的
seal vt.密封sealed a. 密封的
writing n. handwriting 书法；笔迹
pang n. sudden, sharp pain 剧痛disappointment n. sadness because one does not get what one hopes for 失望
disappoint vt. 失望
parcel n. 包裹
reluctantly ad. unwillingly 不情愿地，勉强地
reluctant a. 不情愿的
fold vt. bend into two or more parts 折叠
cheque n. 支票
flutter vt. move quickly to and fro in the air 飘动
stoop vi. bend the body forwards and downwards 弯腰tremble vi. shake uncontrollably with quick short movements 颤抖
PHRASES & EXPRESSIONS
at other times on other occasions 在别的时候；平时
round / around the corner very near in distance or time 在附近；即将来临
after all in spite of everything; it must be remembered 毕竟；终究
be sure of 对...有把握，确信
pick up take hold of and lift up from a surface 拿起，捡起
PROPER NAMES
Myra 迈拉（女子名）
Enid 伊妮德（女子名）Morrison 莫里森（姓氏）
Grant 格兰特（姓氏及男子名）Johnnie 约翰尼（John的昵称）Jim 吉姆（James的昵称）Harold哈罗德(男子名)
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Jd104.mp3Unit 4
Many people in the United States spend most of their free time watching telev ision.
Certainly, there are many worthwhile programs
on television, including news, educational
programs for children, programs on current
social problems, plays, movies, concerts, and
so on. Nevertheless, perhaps people should not
be spending so much of their time in front of
the TV. Mr. Mayer imagines what we might do if
we were forced to find other activities.
Turning off TV: a Quiet Hour
I would like to propose that for sixty to ninety minutes each evening, right after the early evening news, all television broadcasting in the United States be prohibited by law.
Let us take a serious, reasonable look at what the results be if such a proposal were accepted. Families might use the time for a real family hour. Without the distraction of TV, they might sit around together after dinner and actually talk to one another. It is well known that many of our problems -- everything, in fact, from the generation gap to the high divorce rate to some forms of mental illness -- are caused at least in part by failure to communicate. We do not tell each other what is disturbing us. The result is emotional difficulty of one kind or another. By using the quiet family hour to discuss our problems, we might get to know each other better, and to like each other better.
On evenings when such talk is unnecessary, families could rediscover more active pastimes. Freed from TV, forced to find their own activities, they might take a ride together to watch the sunset. Or they might take a walk together (remember feet?) and see the neighborhood with fresh, new eyes.
With free time and no TV, children and adults might rediscover reading. There is more entertainment in a good book than in a month of typical TV programming. Educators report that the generation growing up with television can barely write an English sentence, even at the college level. Writing is often learned from reading. A more literate new generation could be a product of the quiet hour.
第四单元
在美国，许多人把大部分
空闲时间花在看电视上。的
确，电视里是有很多值得一看
的节目，包括新闻、儿童教育
节目、讨论当前社会问题的节
目、戏剧、电影、音乐会等等。
然而，人们也许不该在电视机
前花费那么多的时间。如果我
们被迫要找一些其他的活动，
那我们可以做些什么呢? 对
这一问题，梅耶先生做了一番
想象。
关上电视清静一时
我想建议每天晚上一播完晚间新闻，美国所有的电视台都依法停播六十至九十分钟。
让我们认真而通情达理地看一下，如果这一建议被采纳的话，会有什么样的结果。千家万户也许会利用这段时间真正地团聚一番。没有电视机的干扰，他们晚饭后也许会围坐在一起，当真交谈起来。众所周知，我们的许多问题—事实上是所有的问题，从代沟、高离婚率到某些精神病——至少部分地是由于没能交流思想而引起的。我们谁也不把自己心头的烦恼告诉别人，结果感情上便产生了这样那样的问题。利用这安静的、全家聚在一起的时刻来讨论我们的各种问题，我们相互之间也许会更加了解，更加相爱。
有些晚上，如果没有必要进行这种交谈，那么各家各户也许会重新发现一些更为积极的消遣活动。如果他们挣脱开电视机的束缚而不得不另寻自己的活动，他们也许会全家驱车去看日落。或者也许会全家一起去散步(还记得自己长有双脚吗?)，用新奇的目光观察住处周围的地区。
有了空闲时间而不看电视，大人小孩便有可能重新发现阅读。一本好书里的乐趣，胜过一个月中所有典型的电视节目。
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教育家们报告说，伴随着电视长大的这一代人几乎写不出一句英语句子，甚至在大学受教育的人也是如此。写作往往是通过阅读学会的。每晚清静一小时，可以造就出文化程度较高的一代新人。
A different form of reading might also be done, as it was in the past: reading aloud. Few pastimes bring a family closer together than gathering around and listening to mother or father read a good story. The quiet hour could become the story hour. When the quiet hour ends, the TV networks might even be forced to come up with better shows in order to get us back from our newly discovered activities.
At first glance, the idea of an hour without TV seems radical. What will parents do without the electronic baby-sitter? How will we spend the time? But it is not radical at all. It has been only twenty-five years since television came to control American free time. Those of us thirty-five and older can remember childhoods without television, spent partly with radio -- which at least involved the listener's imagination -- but also with reading, learning, talking, playing games, inventing new activities. It wasn't that difficult. Honest. The truth is we had a ball.
NEW WORDS
worthwhile a. good enough for the time or effort needed; valuable 值得花时间（或精力）的；有
价值的
program (me) n. performance on radio or television 节目
educationa l a. of or for education; providing education or information 教育的；有教育意义的
current a. of the present time 当前的
social a. of or in society 社会的
movie n. film that one sees at a cinema 电影nevertheless conj. but; however 然而，不过propose vt. suggest 建议broadcasting n. the action of sending out
sound (or images) by radio (or television) 广播
pr prohibit v. & n. forbid by law 禁止
oposal vt. suggestion 提议，建议actually n. in actual fact, really 实际上
也许还可以像过去那样进行另一种形式的阅读：高声朗读。没有多少娱乐比一家人聚在一起，听爸爸或妈妈朗读一篇优美的故事更能使一家人关系融洽和睦了。没有电视干扰的这一小时，可以成为朗读故事的时间。等这静悄悄的一小时过去后，要想再把我们从新发现的娱乐活动中拉回去，电视网也许将被迫拿出些更好的节目来才行。
乍一看，停播一小时电视的想法似乎过于偏激。如果少了这位电子保姆，做父母的可怎么办呢? 我们怎么来打发这段时间呢? 其实这个想法一点也不偏激。电视开始主宰美国人的空闲时间，至今也不过才二十五年。我们之中那些年满和年过三十五岁的人，还能回忆起没有电视相伴的童年，那时我们有一部分空闲时间以收音机为伴—听收音机至少还需要发挥听者的想象力—但另外我们还看书、学习、交谈、做游戏、发明一些新的活动。日子也并不那么难过。真的。那时我们确实过得挺开心。
generation n. all the people about the same age （一）代
gap n. an empty space between two things or two parts of a thing; a wide difference of opinion, character, or the like 缺口，间隙；分歧，隔阂divorce n. end of a marriage by law 离婚
rate n. 率
mental a. of the mind 精神的；
11
思想上的
communicate vi.share or exchange opinions, ideas, etc. 交流意见，思想等
disturb vt. make (sb.) worried 使烦恼
emotional a. 感情的
pastime n. anything done to pass time pleasantly 消遣，娱乐
sunset n. the going down of the sun; the time when the sun goes down日落（时分）neighborhood n. the area around a point or place 邻近地区；地段
adult n. 成年人
typical a. 典型的
educator n. a person whose profession is education 教育家
barely ad. hardly 仅仅，勉强；几乎没有literate a. able to read and write 能读写的；有文化的product n. sth. made or grown 产品
network n. 广播（或电视）联播公司；广播（或电视)网
glance n. quick look 一瞥；扫视
radical a. extreme; very different 激进的electronic a. 电子的
electron n. 电子
baby-sitte r n. someone who looks after a child when the parents are away for a short time （代人临时）照看婴儿
childhood n. time when one is a child 童年
partly ad. not completely; in some degree 部分地；在一定程度上
involve vt. have as a part or result （必须）包括imagination n. the ability to imagine 想象力learning n. the gaining of knowledge or skill through studying; knowledge or skill gained through studying 学习；学问，知识invent vt. produce (sth.) for the first time 发明
PHRASES & EXPRESSIONS
generation gap failure of the younger and older generations to communicate and understand one another 代沟
in part in some degree; partly 在一定程度上；部分地
grow up change from a child to a man or a woman 成长，长大
bring together cause to meet 使相聚
come up with think of; produce 想出；提出
at first glanc e when first seen or thought about乍一看；最初考虑时have a ball (sl.) enjoy oneself, have a very good time 玩得开心
PROPER NAMES
Maye r迈耶（姓氏）the United States美国
12
Jd105.mp3Unit 5
A miserable and merry Christmas? How
could it be?
A Miserable, Merry Christmas
Christmas was coming. I wanted a pony. To make sure that my parents understood, I declared that I wanted noting else.
"Nothing but a pony?" my father asked.
"Nothing," I said.
"Not even a pair of high boots?"
That was hard. I did want boots, but I stuck to the pony. "No, not even boots."
"Nor candy? There ought to be something to fill your stocking with, and Santa Claus can't put a pony into a stocking,"
That was true, and he couldn't lead a pony down the chimney either. But no. "All I want is a pony," I said. "If I can't have a pony, give me nothing, nothing."
On Christmas Eve I hung up my stocking along with my sisters.
The next morning my sisters and I woke up at six. Then we raced downstairs to the fireplace. And there they were, the gifts, all sorts of wonderful things, mixed-up piles of presents. Only my stocking was empty; it hung limp; not a thing in it; and under and around it -- nothing. My sisters had knelt down, each by her pile of gifts; they were crying with delight, till they looked up and saw me standing there looking so miserable. They came over to me and felt my stocking: nothing.
I don't remember whether I cried at that moment, but my sisters did. They ran with me back to my bed, and there we all cried till I became indignant. That helped some. I got up, dressed, and driving my sisters away, I went out alone into the stable, and there, all by myself, I wept. My mother came out to me and she tried to comfort me. But I wanted no comfort. She left me and went on into the house with sharp words for my father.
第五单元
又喜又悲的圣诞节是怎么
回事？
又喜又悲的圣诞节
圣诞节快到了。我想要一匹小马。为了让爸爸妈妈切实了解这一点，我特意宣布，别的我什么也不想要。
“除了小马什么也不要？”爸爸问。
“什么也不要。”我说。
“即使是一双高统靴也不要？”
这倒让我为难了。我的确想要双靴子，但我还是坚持只要小马。“不要，即使靴子也不要。”
“糖果也不想要？总该有些东西把你的长统袜子塞满吧，再说圣诞老人也没法把小马进袜子里去呀。”
这话不假，而且圣诞老人也没法牵着小马从烟囱里下来。但是不行。“我只要一匹小马，”我说。“得不到小马，就什么也别给我，别给我。”
圣诞节前夕，我把我的长统袜跟姐妹们的挂在一起。
第二天早晨，我和姐妹们六点就醒了。接着我们就冲下楼，来到壁炉前。嘿，礼物全放在那儿，各种各样的奇妙玩意儿，一堆一堆的礼物，混合交杂在一起。只有我的长统袜是空的，软绵绵地挂在那儿，里面空无一物，袜子下方和四周——什么也没有。我的姐妹们已经跪下，每个人都跪在自己那堆礼物旁边；她们高兴地叫呀嚷呀，直到抬起头见我站在那儿，一副可怜巴巴的样子才闭住口。她们走到我跟前，摸了摸我的袜子：什么也没有。
13
当时我究竟哭没哭，我不记得了。但我的姐妹们确实是哭了。她们一起跟我跑回到我的床边，在那儿我们一块儿放声大哭，一直哭到我心里横生出一股怒气。这样一来，心里好受了些。我站起来，穿好衣服，把姐妹们统统从身边赶跑，独自走出屋子，来到马厩里，就我一个人守在那儿低声抽泣。母亲来到我身边，竭力想安慰我。但我根本不需要什么安慰。她离开我，一边大声数落着父亲一边向屋里走去。
My sisters came to me, and I was rude. I ran away from them. I went around to the front of the house, sat down on the steps, and, the crying over, I ached. I was wronged, I was hurt. And my father must have been hurt, too, a little. I saw him looking out of the window. He was watching me or something for an hour or two, drawing back the curtain so little lest I catch him, but I saw his face, and I think I can see now the anxiety upon on it, the worried impatience.
After an hour or two, I caught sight of a man riding a pony down the street, a pony and a brand-new saddle; the most beautiful saddle I ever saw, and it was a boy's saddle. And the pony! As he drew near, I saw that the pony was really a small horse, with a black mane and tail, and one white foot and a white star on his forehead. For such a horse as that I would have given anything.
But the man came along, reading the numbers on the houses, and, as my hopes -- my impossible hopes -- rose, he looked at our door and passed by, he and the pony, and the saddle. Too much, I fell upon the steps and broke into tears. Suddenly I heard a voice.
"Say, kid," it said, "do you know a boy named Lennie Steffens?"
I looked up. It was the man on the pony, back again
"Yes," I spluttered through my tears. "That's me."
"Well," he said, "then this is your horse. I've been looking all over for you and your house. Why don't you put your number where it can be seen?"
"Get down," I said, running out to him. I wanted to ride.
He went on saying something about "ought to have got here at seven o'clock, but--"
I hardly heard, I could scarcely wait. I was so happy, so thrilled. I rode off up the street. Such a beautiful pony. And mine! After a while I turned and trotted back to the stable. There was the family, father, mother, sisters, all working for me, all happy. They had been putting in place the tools of my new business: currycomb, brush, pitchfork -- everything, and there was hay in the loft.
姐妹们来到我跟前，但我对她们很粗鲁。我从她们身边跑开了。我绕到房子前面，坐在台阶上；哭过以后，我感到阵阵心酸。哭过以后，我感到阵阵心酸。我错了，我受伤了。父亲心里肯定也有点不好受。我看见他正从窗口朝外张望。有一两个钟头，他大概一直在留神我的动静；他只把窗帘掀开一点儿，生怕我发现他，但我还是看到他的脸。我觉得现在我还能看到他脸上的忧虑神情，那种担心而又焦急的神情。
一两个钟头后，我突然看见有人骑着一匹小马打街那头过来了——一匹小马，马背上还配着一副崭新的马鞍子，还有那匹小马！当那人走近里，我看到那可真是匹地地道道的小马，一身乌黑的鬃毛，一条乌黑的尾巴，有一只雪白的跗节，额上有一块白灿灿的星斑。要是能有这样一匹马，我愿意付出任何代价。
那人一路骑过来，挨家看着门牌号码，可就在我的希望——我的不可能实现的希望——在心里升起时，他却看了看我们家的大门走过去了——他，连同那匹小马和那副马鞍子。我再也受不了啦。我扑倒在台阶上，哇地失声痛哭起来。突然我听到一个说话的声音。
“喂，小弟弟，”那声音说。“你认识一个叫伦尼.斯蒂芬斯的小男孩吗？”
我抬起头。原来就是那个骑着小马的人，他又回来了。
“认识，”我流着眼泪，慌乱而兴奋地说。“就是我。”
“噢，”他说。
“这么说这是你的马了。我到处在找你，找你们家的房子。你们干吗不把门牌挂在显眼的地方呢？”
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“下来，”我一边说，一边向他奔去。我要骑马。
他还在往下说，说什么“本该七点钟就到这里，但是——
我差不多一句话也没听进去，我简直等不及了。我太高兴了，太激动了，我策马沿着大街往前跑。这么漂亮的一匹小马。而且是我的！过了一会儿，我掉转马头，催马小跑着返回马厩。全家人都在那儿了，爸爸、妈妈、姐妹们。他们都在为我张罗着，个个兴高采烈。他们把干我这一新行当所需要的用具——马梳子、刷子、干草叉——全部养马用具安放得井井有条，而且草料棚里还堆有干草。
But that Christmas, which my father had planned so carefully, was it the best or the worst I ever knew? He often asked me that; I never could answer as a boy. I think now that it was both. It covered the whole distance from broken-hearted misery to bursting happiness -- too fast, a grown-up could hardly have stood it.
NEW WORDS
miserable a. causing unhappiness; very unhappy 悲惨的
merry a. cheerful, full of lively happiness, fun, etc. 欢乐的，愉快的
pony n. a small horse 矮种马；小马
boot n. 长统靴
candy n. (AmE) sweets 糖果
sticking n. 长（统）袜
chimney n. 烟囱
eve n. 前夕
fireplace n. 壁炉
mixed-up a. (different things) put together 混合的，混杂的
limp a. soft; not stiff or firm软的；松沓的kneel v. go down or remain on the knee(S)跪下indignant a. angry at sth. unfair气愤的；愤慨的stable n. building for keeping and feeding animals, esp. horses马厩
weep v. cry哭泣；流泪
rude a. not at all polite粗鲁的，不礼貌的wrong vt. treat unjustly委屈
curtain n. 窗帘
lest conj. for fear that唯恐，以免
anxiety n. fear caused by uncertainty about sth.焦虑impatience n. inability to wait calmly不耐烦，急躁patience n. 耐性；忍耐
brand n. 商标，牌子
brand-new a. entirely new and unused崭新的
saddle n. 马鞍
mane n. 马鬃
forehead n. that part of the face above the eyes and below the hair 前额kid n. child 小孩；小山羊splutter v. speak quickly and confusedly (from excitement, etc.) 语无伦次地说
scarcely ad. hardly, almost not 几乎不，简直不
可是，我父亲如此精心安排的那个圣诞节，是我一生中所经历的最好的一次还是最糟的一次圣诞节呢？他常常问我这个问题。小时候我始终回答不上来。现在，我觉得那个圣诞节既是最好的，又是最糟的。因为在这一天里，先是令人心碎的痛苦，继而是极度的喜悦，从一个极端跳到另一个极端——变换得实在太快了。就是一个成年人，恐怕也难以承受得了吧。
scarce a. 缺乏的，不足的，稀有的thrill vt. excite greatly使非常激动trot vi. run or ride slowly, with short steps（马）小跑
currycomb n. a special comb used to rub and clean a horse马梳pitchfork n. 干草叉
hay n. dried grass 干草
loft n. a room over a stable, where hay is kept 草料棚
broken-hearted a. filled with grief; very sad 心碎的；极其伤心的
misery n. the state of being very unhappy, poor, ill, lonely, etc. 悲惨；不幸；苦难
happiness n. the state of being happy 快乐；幸福
grown-up a. & n. (of) an adult person 成人（的）
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PHRASES & EXPRESSIONS
make sure act so as to make something certain 确保；查明
nothing but nothing other than; only 除了...以外没有什么；仅仅，只不过
stick to refuse to give up or change 坚持，不放弃hang up fix (sth,) at a high place so that it does not touch the ground挂起
or something (used when the speaker is not sure) 诸如此类
catch sight of see suddenly or for a moment 看到，发现
draw near mover near接近
break into suddenly start (to cry, laugh, etc.) 突然...起来
in place in the right place在适当的位置
Jd106.mp3Unit 6
San set out to improve efficiency at the shirt factory but, as we find out later in this unit, his
plans turned out not quite as he had expected.
Sam Adams, Industrial Engineer
If you ask my mother how I happened to become an industrial engineer, she'll tell you that I have always been one.
She means that I have always wanted everything to be well organized and neat. When I was still in elementary school, I liked to keep my socks in the upper left-hand drawer of my bureau, my underwear in the upper right drawer, shirts in the middle drawer, and pants, neatly folded, in the bottom drawer.
In fact, I was the efficiency expert for the whole family. I used to organize my father's tools, my mother's kitchen utensils, my sister's boyfriends.
I needed to be efficient. I wanted to be well organized. For me, there was a place for everything and everything was always in its place. These qualities gave me a good foundation for a career in industrial engineering.
Unfortunately, I was also a bit bossy and I wasn't a very good listener. You'll see what I mean when I tell you about the first project I ever did after I finished my bachelor's degree at the university.
PROPER NAMES
Santa Claus 圣诞老人Christmas Eve圣诞前夜Lennie Steffens 伦尼.斯蒂芬斯
第六单元
萨姆开始首手提高衬衫厂的效
率，但根据我们在本单元中所发现
的，他的计划与他所期待的并不一样。
工业管理工程师萨姆·亚当斯
如果你问我母亲，我怎么偏偏会成为一名工业管理工程师的，她就会告诉你，我一直就是这样一个人。
她的意思是说，我一贯希望把样样东西都安排得井井有条，整整齐齐。还在上小学时，我就喜欢把袜子放在衣柜左上方的抽屉里，内衣放在右上方的抽屉里，衬衫放在中间的抽屉里，叠得整整齐齐的裤子放在最下面的抽屉里。
事实上，我那时一直是全家人的效率
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专家。父亲的工具、母亲的厨房用具以及姐姐的男朋友全由我统一安排。
我需要讲究效率。我希望有条不紊。对我来说，样样东西都有个固定的地方，样样东西总是放在适当的地方。这些素质为我日后从事工业管理打下了良好的基础。
遗憾的是，我这个人也有一点专横，不太善于听取别人的意见。等我把在大学取得学士学位后承办第一项工程的情况告诉你以后，你就会明白我这话是什么意思了。
After graduation I returned home to my small town in Indiana. I didn't have a job yet. Mr. Hobbs, a friend of my father's, owned a small shirt factory in town. Within the past five years it had grown from twenty to eighty workers. Mr. Hobbs was worried that his plant was getting too big and inefficient, so he asked me to come in on a short-term basis as a consultant.
I went to the plant and spent about a week looking around and making notes. I was really amazed at what I saw.
Most curious of all, there was no quality control whatsoever. No one inspected the final product of the factory. As a result some of the shirts that were put in boxes for shipment were missing one or two buttons, the collar, even a sleeve sometimes!
The working conditions were poor. The tables where the workers sat were very high and uncomfortable. Except for a half hour at lunchtime, there were no breaks in the day to relieve the boring work. There was no music. The walls of the workrooms were a dull gray color. I was amazed that the workers hadn't gone on strike.
Furthermore, the work flow was irregular. There was one especially absent-minded young man in the assembly line who sewed on buttons. After a while I recognized him as "Big Jim," who used to sit behind me in math class in high school. He was very slow and all the shifts were held up at his position. Workers beyond him in line on his shift had to wait with nothing to do; therefore, a great deal of time and efficiency were lost as Big Jim daydreamed while he worked. All week I wondered why he wasn't fired.
After I made observations for a week, Mr. Hobbs asked me for an oral report of my findings. I covered my major points by telling him the following: "If you have a quality control inspection, you will greatly improve your finished product."
"If the assembly line is redesigned, a smooth work flow can be achieved and time and energy can be saved."
毕业后我回到家乡印第安纳州的一个小镇上。当时我还没有找到工作。我父亲的一位朋友霍布斯先生在镇上有一家小型衬衫厂。在过去五年里，厂里的工人从二十名增加到了八十名。霍布斯先生担心他的工厂规模变得太大了，效率变得太低了，便请我进厂当了个短期顾问
我来到厂里，花了一个星期左右的时间一边到处查看，一边做些笔记。说真的，我对看到的情况不胜惊讶。
最为奇怪的是，厂里竟然没有任何质量控制。没有人检验工厂生产的成品。结果，有些装箱待运的衬衫不是缺了一两粒钮扣，就是少了衣领，有时甚至还会短只袖子。
工厂的生产条件很差。工作台很高，工人坐在旁边很不舒服。除了吃午饭的半小时外，全天没有别的休息时间来调剂一下令人厌倦的工作。厂里也不播放音乐。工场间的墙壁全是一片暗灰色。使我感到惊奇的是，工人们竟然没有罢工。
此外，厂里的生产流程也时断时续。在装配线上有个缝钮扣的年轻人特别心不在焉。没有多久，我便认出了他，原来他就是在中学上数学课时坐在我后面的“大个子吉姆”。他动作很慢，所有的衬衫到了他这儿都被耽搁下来。装配线上他后
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面的同班工人只好等在那儿无事可干；因此，在“大个子吉姆”边工作边胡思乱想的时候，大量时间便白白流逝了，劳动效率大受损失。整个礼拜我都在纳闷，为什么他没有被解雇。
我观察了一个星期后，霍布斯先生便要我就调查结果作一个口头汇报。我把要点概括了一下向他汇报如下：“如果实行质量检验，你们就会大大改进成品。
“如果把装配线重新设计一下，生产流程就会达到平稳，并能节省时间和精力。
"If you decrease the height of the worktables, the machine operators will work more comfortably."
"If the management provides pleasant background music and beautifies the dull setting, the factory will be much more productive."
"If the workers have a fifteen-minute coffee break in the morning and afternoon, they will be more efficient."
"If excellent work results in frequent pay increases or promotions, the workers will have greater incentive to produce."
Mr. Hobbs thanked me for this report and told me he would talk over my suggestions with his brother, the co-owner and manager of the factory. "We're interested in progress here," he said. "We want to keep up with the times."
He also gave me a check for $ 100 and a box of shirts with his compliments.
NEW WORDS
efficiency n. the state or quality of being efficient 效率
industrial a. of industry 工业的
neat a. orderly and clean 整洁的elementary a. of or for beginners 初等的，初级的sock n. 短袜
drawer n. 抽屉
bureau n. a chest of drawers for bedroom use 衣柜underwear n. 内衣
pants n. trousers
expert n. a person with special knowledge or skill 专家，能手
kitchen n. room used for cooking厨房
utensil n. any tool or container used in the house, esp. for cooking用具，器皿
quality n. the degree of goodness which a thing or a person possesses质量；品质
foundation n. 基础
career n. profession; way of making a liv ing职业；生涯
engineering n. 工程学；管理“如果降低工作台的高度，机器操作工作业时就会舒服一些。
“如果厂方播放悦耳的背景音乐，美化一下单调的环境，工厂的生产率就可以大大提高。
“如果工人们在上、下午各有一次十五分钟的休息时间喝咖啡，他们的效率就会更高。
“如果工作出色能经常得到加薪提级，工人们就会有更大的生产积极性。”
霍布斯先生对我的汇报表示感谢，并告诉我说他将和他的兄弟――该厂的另一位厂主兼经理――讨论我的建议。“我们关心工厂的发展，”他说。“我们要跟上时代的步伐。”
他还送给我一张一百美元的支票并赠送给我一盒衬衫。
unfortunately ad. 不幸的是；遗憾的是
bossy a. always telling other people what to do and how to do it, like a boss 爱指挥人的；专横的
project n. a piece of work; a big
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plan项目；方案
bachelor n. a person who had the first university degree学士
graduation n. completion of an educational course 毕业
graduate vi. 毕业
short-term a. involving or lasting a short period of time 短期的
basis n. 基础；根据
consultant n. a person who gives professional or technical advice 顾问
consult v. 顾问
amaze vt. fill with great surprise or wonder 使大为惊讶，使惊愕
curious a. strange 奇怪的
whatsoever a. of any kind, at all 任何的，丝毫的inspect vt. examine 检查
shipment n. the act of wending, carrying or delivering goods 装运。运送
miss vt. be without; lack
button n. 钮扣
collar n. 领子
sleeve n. 袖子
relieve vt. make less or easier 减轻
boring a. uninteresting and tiresome 令人厌烦的workroom n. a room specially kept for working in 工场（间）
dull a. not bright or clear 阴暗的
flow n. a smooth steady movement or supply 流（动）work flow a. 工作流程
irregular a. uneven; not continuous 不规则的，不稳定的
regular a.规则的，稳定的
absent-minded a. so concerned with one's thoughts as not to notice what is happening, what one doing, etc. 心不在焉
absent a. not present 不在的，缺席的inspection n. the act of examining (sth.) closely or in detail 检查
assembly n. 组装；集会
assemble v. 组装；集会
assembly line n. 装配线
shift n. 班；轮班
daydream v. have pleasant dreamlike thoughts (about) 做白日梦，空想
fire vt. make (sb.) leave his job 解雇observation n. the act of watching carefully 观察
observe vt. 观察
observe n. 观察
oral a. spoken, not written 口（头）的
findings n. the results of any research or enquiry 调查（或研究）的结果
major a. important 较大的；主要的
redesign vt. 重新设计
design vt. 设计
achieve vt. get by effort （经努力）得到；实现
decrease vt. make smaller or fewer 减少
worktable n. a table at which work is done 工作台
operator n. a person who makes sth. work 操作人员
operate vt. 操作management n. 资方；管理（部门）background n. 背景
beautify vt. make beautiful 美化，装饰setting n. surroundings 环境productive a. producing much; able to produce 多产的；富有成效的frequent a. happening often 频繁的promotion n. 提升；促进promote vt. 提升；促进，提拔incentive n. 刺激
suggestion n. an idea or plan put forward for people to think about 建议co-owne r n. a joint owner 共同所有者manager n.a person responsible for running a section of a business 经理compliments n. formal respects or greetings；贺词；问候
PHRASES & EXPRESSIONS
19
find out learn or discover 查明；发现
turn out happen to be or found be in the end 结果是quality control the activ ity of checking that products are all of satisfactory standard and quality, usu. by testing samples of them 质量控制（管理）
as a result because of 作这结果，因此
except for apart from; with the exception of 除了...外
go on strik e refuse go continue working 罢工
hold up delay 延迟，耽搁；阻碍
result in have as a result; cause 结果是；导致
talk over discuss 商量；讨论
keep up with go or move as fast as 跟上
PEOPER NAMES
San Adams萨姆.亚当斯
Indiana 印第安纳（美国州名）
Jd107.mp3Unit 7
The author finds out that good intentions alone are not enough when his attempt to be kind
to an old man leaves them both feeling worse
than before.
The Sampler
In a certain store where they sell puddings, a number of these delicious things are laid out in a row during the Christmas season. Here you may select the one which is most to your taste, and you are even allowed to sample them before coming to a decision.
I have often wondered whether some people, who had no intention of making a purchase, would take advantage of this privilege. One day I asked this question of the shop girl, and I learned it was indeed the case.
"Now there's one old gentleman, for instance," she told me, "he comes here almost every week and samples each one of the puddings, though he never buys anything, and I suspect he never will. I remember him from last year before that, too. Well, let him come if he wants it, and welcome to it. And what's more, I hope there are a lot more stores where he can go and get his share. He looks as if he needed it all right, and I suppose they can afford it."
She was still speaking when an elderly gentleman limped up to the counter and began looking closely at the row of puddings with great interest.
Hobbs 霍布斯（姓氏）
第七单元
圣诞布丁品尝师
有一家出售布丁的商店，每年圣诞节期间都把许多这类美味的食品摆成一排供顾客选购。在这里你可以挑选最合你口味的布丁，甚至商店还允许你先把各色布丁品尝一番，然后再做出决定。
我常常纳闷，会不会有一些根本无意购买的人利用这一优惠趁机揩油。有一
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第一单元 课程开始之际，就如何使学习英语的任务更容易提出一些建议似乎正当其实。 学习英语的几种策略 学习英语决非易事。它需要刻苦和长期努力。 虽然不经过持续的刻苦努力便不能期望精通英语，然而还是有各种有用的学习策略可以用来使这一任务变得容易一些。以下便是其中的几种： 1．不要以完全相同的方式对待所有的生词。你可曾因为简直无法记住所学的所有生词而抱怨自己的记忆力太差？其实，责任并不在你的记忆力。如果你一下子把太多的生词塞进头脑，必定有一些生词会被挤出来。你需要做的是根据生词日常使用的频率以不同的方式对待它们。积极词汇需要经常练习，有用的词汇必须牢记，而在日常情况下不常出现的词只需见到时认识即可。你会发现把注意力集中于积极有用的词上是扩大词汇量最有效的途径。 2．密切注意地道的表达方式。你可曾纳闷过，为什么我们说“我对英语感兴趣”是“I’m interested in English”，而说“我精于法语”则是“I’m good at French”?你可曾问过自己，为什么以英语为母语的人说“获悉消息或密秘”是“learnthenewsorsecret”,而“获悉某人的成功或到来”却是“learn of someone’s success or arrival”?这些都是惯用法的例子。在学习英语时，你不仅必须注意词义，还必须注意以英语为母语的人在日常生活中如何使用它。 3．每天听英语。经常听英语不仅会提高你的听力，而且有助你培养说的技能。除了专为课程准备的语言磁带外，你还可以听英语广播，看英语电视和英语电影。第一次听录好音的英语对话或语段，你也许不能听懂很多。先试着听懂大意，然后在反复地听。 你会发现每次重复都会听懂更多的xx。 4．抓住机会说。的确，在学校里必须用英语进行交流的场合并不多，但你还是可以找到练习讲英语的机会。例如，跟你的同班同学进行交谈可能就是得到一些练习的一种轻松愉快的方式。还可以找校园里以英语为母语的人跟他们
2014101018 第五单元 Translation of Text A 夜莺与玫瑰 1 “她说如果我给她带去红玫瑰，她愿意和我一起跳舞。”年轻的学生哭喊道，“但满院子都没有一朵红玫瑰。” 2 这番话给在老橡树上自己巢中的夜莺听见了，她通过橡树叶张望，心中诧异。 3 “在我的花园没有红玫瑰！”他哭着说，他美丽的大眼满含泪水：“啊，圣贤之书我已读完，哲学奥妙尽藏心中，然而缺少一朵红玫瑰却使我的生活瞬时暗淡！” 4 “终于有一位重感情的人了，”夜莺说，“我曾日日夜夜为他歌唱，现在我终于见到他了。” 5 “王子明晚将举行一个舞会，”年轻的学生喃喃道：“我的爱人也将前往我若为他采得红玫瑰，她将和我一直跳舞到天亮。我会揽她入怀，而她也会偎依在我的肩头。但在我的花园没有红玫瑰，因此我只能独自坐那儿黯然神伤，心痛无比。” 6 “他确实是一个重感情的人，”夜莺说。真爱是美好的，它价胜千金。 7 “乐师们将奏乐助兴，”年轻的学生道，“我的爱人将和着竖琴和小提琴声翩翩起舞。她的身姿是如此的轻盈宛似蜻蜓点水般。但他是不会和我一起跳的，因为我没有红玫瑰献给她。”于是他扑倒在草地上，双手捂着脸放声痛哭起来。 8 “他为什么哭泣呢？”一只绿色的蜥蜴翘着尾巴经过他身边时问道。 9 “是啊，到底为什么呢？”一只在阳光下挥动着翅膀的蝴蝶问道。 10 “到底为什么呢？”一朵雏菊用低沉的声音对他的邻居说道. 11 “他为一只红玫瑰哭泣。”夜莺说。 12 “为了一朵红玫瑰？”他们叫道，“太荒谬了！”那本来就有点愤世嫉俗的小蜥蜴肆无忌惮的笑道。但是夜莺了解男孩的悲痛，默默无声地坐在橡树上。 13 突然她张开自己棕色的双翼，向空中飞去。她犹如影子般穿越树林，又如影子般越过花园。 14 在草地的中心一棵美丽的红玫瑰树傲然屹立。她看到后立即向它飞去：“给
大学英语精读第一册课后练习部分答案 Unit 1 Cloze (A) 1. aware 2. performance 3. average 4. adequate 5. set aside 6. mentions 7.look over 8. commit (B) 1. if/once 2. about 3. it 4. know 5. up 6. as 7. from 8. words 9. into 10.other 11. for 12. when Translation 1、他这次考试的失败使他意识到定期复习功课的重要。 His failure in the exam has made him aware of the importance of reviewing his lessons regularly. 2、请一定不要忘记离家前你父母对你说过的话。 Be sure not to forget what your parents said to you before you left home.3、我确信她的英语知识对这项工作来说是足够的了。 I'm sure her knowledge of English is adequate for the job. 4、这篇文章的目的是告诉学生怎样培养良好的学习习惯。 The purpose of this article is to tell the students how to develop good study habits. 5、在当今时代，人们越来越多地依靠计算机(computers)来解决各种各样的问题。 In our age, people depend more and more on computers to solve various kinds of difficult problems.
大学英语精读课改革模式 关键词：教学模式；二语习得；阅读技巧；交际能力 长期以来，外语一直把精读课作为基础教学阶段的一门主课。笔者认为，有必要尝试一下改变精读课的传统做法。下面透过目前精读课存在的主要问题，提出几点改进建议。 一、主要问题 目前，基础教学阶段的精读课，名为精读，实为融听、说、读、写、译为一体的语言综合入门课。这在语言素材信手拈来的今天，对于入学时已掌握1600个单词、已具有基本语法知识，而听、说、读、写、译却又发展极不平衡的学生来说，这种传统精读课的教学模式已不再完全适用。其弊端在于：(1)语言素材不足。精读课基本是围绕有限的几篇文章进行解释和训练，不利于语言的自然习得，无法增强学生的语感。(2)忽视对阅读技能的训练。精读课注重对课文中语言现象的分析、讲解和操练，而对一系列阅读技能却没有必要的指导和训练。(3)无法兼顾学生入学时听、说、读、写、译的能力发展不平衡的状况。学生入学时的阅读能力远比其他能力强，但为了照顾其他能力的培养，只能选用语言较简单、内容较肤浅的素材。教材不能满足学生提高阅读水平的需求，限制了学生阅读能力的发展，抑制了学生的求知欲，影响了他们的知识面扩展。(4)忽略书面语和口语的差异。精读课十分重视围绕课文所进行的口语表达的准确性。为表达准确，学生往往要使用课文的语言，其结果是将书面语与口头语混为一体，忽视了语言的得体性。(5)忽略学生能力的发展。在精读课上，教师精讲，学生操炼。教学常常以掌握课文为目的，不重视对学生学习方法的指导，不重视学生独立思考、综合、分析能力的培养和发展。 二、建议 1．课程设置 目前新生入学时已掌握1600个单词并掌握了一定的语法知识，鉴于学生 的听、说、读、写、译能力发展不平衡，建议开设阅读、听力、口语、语法、写作等课程。这些课程分别将各门课程的技能训练作为教学的主要内容，并兼顾其他课程的技能训练，以促进和保证学生听、说、读、写、译五项技能的全面发展。 2．关于阅读课 阅读课旨在提高学生对书面语言的处理和表达能力。为此，一方面要不断扩大学生的词汇量和巩固语法知识；另一方面则要指导学生运用自己已有的阅读母语的技能，进行阅读技能的训练。因此，阅读课应注意以下原则：(1)提供数量为精读教材三倍的语言素材，以创造语言习得的条件。(2)教材的题材和体裁力
Unit1 课程开始之际，就如何使学习英语的任务更容易提出一些建议似乎正当其时。 Some Strategies or Learning English 学习英语绝非易事。它需要刻苦和长期努力。 虽然不经过持续的刻苦努力便不能期望精通英语，然而还是有各种有用的学习策略可以用来使这一任务变得容易一些。以下便是其中的几种。 1. 不要以完全同样的方式对待所有的生词。你可曾因为简直无法记住所学的所有生词而抱怨自己的记忆力太差？其实，责任并不在你的记忆力。如果你一下子把太多的生词塞进头脑，必定有一些生词会被挤出来。你需要做的是根据生词日常使用的频率以不同的方式对待它们。积极词汇需要经常练习，有用的词汇必须牢记，而在日常情况下不常出现的词只需见到时认识即可。你会发现把注意力集中于积极有用的词上是扩大词汇量最有效的途径。 2．密切注意地道的表达方式。你可曾纳闷过，为什么我们说我对英语感兴趣是I'm 湩整敲瑳摥椠?湅汧獩屨，而说我精于法语则是???潧摯愠?牆湥档？你可曾问过自己，为什么以英语为母语的人说获悉消息或秘密是汜慥湲琠敨渠睥?牯猠捥敲屴，而获悉某人的成功或到来却是汜慥湲漠?潳敭湯?环猠捵散獳漠?牡楲慶屬？这些都是惯用法的例子。在学习英语时，你不仅必须注意词义，还必须注意以英语为母语的人在日常生活中如何使用它。 3．每天听英语。经常听英语不仅会提高你的听力，而且有助你培养说的技能。除了专为课程准备的语言磁带外，你还可以听英语广播，看英语电视和英语电影。第一次听录好音的英语对话或语段，你也许不能听懂很多。先试着听懂大意，然后再反复地听。你会发现每次重复都会听懂更多的东西。 4．抓住机会说。的确，在学校里必须用英语进行交流的场合并不多，但你还是可以找到练习讲英语的机会。例如，跟你的同班同学进行交谈可能就是得到一些练习的一种轻松愉快的方式。还可以找校园里以英语为母语的人跟他们随意交谈。或许练习讲英语最容易的方式是高声朗读，因为这在任何时间，任何地方，不需要搭档就可以做到。例如，你可以看着图片18 / 1 或身边的物件，试着对它们详加描述。你还可以复述日常情景。在商店里购物或在餐馆里吃完饭付过账后，假装这一切都发生在一个讲英语的国家，试着用英语把它表演出来。 5．广泛阅读。广泛阅读很重要，因为在我们的学习环境中，阅读是最重要、最可靠的语言输入来源。在选择阅读材料时，要找你认为有趣的、不需要过多依赖词典就能看懂的东西。开始时每天读一页是个好办法。接下去，你就会发现你每天可以读更多页，而且能对付难度更高的材料。6．经常写。写作是练习你已经学会的东西的好方法。除了老师布置的作文，你还可以找到自己要写的理由。有个笔友可以提供很好的动力；与某个跟你趣味相投但来自不同文化的人进行交流，你会学到很多东西。经常写作的其他方式还有记日记，写小故事或概述每天的新闻。 语言学习是一个积累的过程。从读和听中吸收尽量多的东西，然后再试着把学到的东西通过说和写加以运用，定会大有收益。 Unit2 弗朗西斯·奇切斯特在六十五岁时开始了只身环球航行。本文记述的就是这一冒险故事。 Sailing Round the Word 弗朗西斯·奇切斯特在独自驾船作环球航行之前，已有好几次让他的朋友们感到吃惊了。他曾试图作环球飞行，但没有成功。那是1931年。 好多年过去了。他放弃了飞行，开始航海。他领略到航海的巨大乐趣。奇切斯特在首届横渡大西洋单人航海比赛中夺魁时，已经五十八岁。他周游世界的宿愿重又被唤起，不过这一次他是要驾船环游。由于他患有肺癌，朋友们和医生们都认为他不该去，但奇切斯特决意实施自己的计划。
2014101018 第六单元 Translation of Text A 青香蕉 1尽管这种事情在任何地方都可能发生，但我与青香蕉的邂逅却源自于巴西腹地一条险峻的山路上。我那老式吉普车正吃力地穿过景色优美的乡村，这时，水箱突然漏水了，而离我最近的汽车修理站也还要十英里。发动机过热迫使我在临近的村庄停了下来。村里有一个小商店和分布在四处的几座房子。有村民围过来看，三股细细的热水柱从水箱外壳上的小孔喷出来。“这容易解决，”一个人说到。他让一个小男孩跑去拿些青香蕉来。这个人还拍了拍我的肩膀，安慰我问题会解决的。“青香蕉。”他笑了，其余的人都这么说着。 2我和他们闲聊起来，心里却一直在想他们用这青香蕉怎么能修补好水箱。毫无疑问，提问会暴露我的无知，因此我开始赞叹眼前美丽的乡村景色。耸立在我们周围巨大的岩石群，很像里约热内卢著名的糖面包山。“看见那边那块高高的岩石了吗？”那人指着一块特别高而且细长的黑色石柱问我，“那块岩石标志着世界的中心。” 3我看着他，想知道他是否在和我开玩笑，但他却表情严肃，反过来认真地审视着我，似乎想确定我是否领会了他那句话的深刻含义。这种情况要求我必须表现出认同。他点头说：“绝对是中心。这儿的人都知道。” 4这时，小男孩抱着青香蕉回来了。那个男子把其中一根掰成两半，将其断口处按在水箱的外壳上。香蕉遇到炙热的金属融成了胶，立刻就堵住了漏洞。面对如此情景，我惊呆了，我当时的表情一定是傻傻的，所有的人都笑了起来。他们把我的水箱装满水，又让我带上一些香蕉，以防沿途中水箱再出问题。路上，我又用了一次青香蕉，一个小时后，我开着车到达了目的地。当地的一修理工笑着问我：“谁教你用青香蕉的？”我告诉了他那个村子的名字。“他们有没有指给你看标志世界中心的那块岩石?”他问道。我告诉他，他们指给我看了。“我祖父就是那儿的人，”他说，“那的确是中心。一直以来这儿的人都知道。” 5作为美国教育的产物，除了把青香蕉当作还没长熟的水果，我从来就没注意过它。但突然在那条山路上，当我需要它时，它正巧出现了。可是仔细想一想，其实青香蕉一直在那儿存在着。时间可以追溯到香蕉的最初的起源。那个村子里的人都知道它已经很多年了，我现在也因此认识它了。我开始珍视村民们的聪明才智和青香蕉的特殊潜能。曾有一段时间，我一直困惑于教育家们提出的“领悟的瞬间”，而现在我知道自己刚刚同时经历了两个这样的瞬间。 6我又用了一些时间来领会村民们认为那块标志着世界中心的岩石的重要性。开始时我怀疑他们的说法，因为我知道实际上世界的中心是位于新英格兰的某个
大学英语精读第三版(上海外语教育出版社董亚芬主编)第一册答案Book 1 Unit 1 Study&Practice Vocabulary Activities 1. 1)e 2)g 3)j 4)a 5)b 6)i 7)c 8)d 9)h 10)f 2. 1) handling 2) summarized 3) process 4) absorb 5) are bound to 6) feel free 7) for instance 8) strategies 9) complained 10) has committed... to memory 11) Nevertheless 12) rely... on 13) Apart from 14) command 3. 1) over and over again 2) at a time 3) put it into practice 4) watching out for 5) by no means 6) concentrate on 7) In addition to 8) in detail Enriching Your Word Power 1. 1)action 2)employ 3)announce 4)examination 5)communication 6)express 7)compose 8)improvement 9)concentration 10)management 11)consider 12)motivate 13)development
15)discuss 16)operate 17)division 18)production 19)educate 20)repeat 2. 1) a) additional b) add c) addition d) addition 2) a) effectively b) effect c) effective d) effect 3) a)helpful b) help c) helpless d) help e) helplessly f) helpfully g) helpful 4) a) reliant b) reliable c) reliance, reliable d) relies e) reliably 5) a) repetition b) repeating c) repeatedly d) repeated e) repetition Usage 1) In my opinion 2) According to Mary 3) In our opinion 4) According to today’s papers 5) In most doctors’ opinion ( According to most doctors) Structure 1. 1) Shakespeare was not only a dramatist but also an actor. 2) Miss Crain not only took me home in her car, but also came the next day to see if I had recovered. 3) Hainan Island attracts tourists not only in winter but also in summer. 4) There is always a black market not only in Britain, but also in other European countries. 5) At the Athens Olympics in 2004, Liu Xiang not only won a gold medal in the 110-meter hurdles, but also broke the Olympic record. 2. 1) It is true that your sentences are all gramma tically correct, but they don’t make any sense. 2) It is true that they lost that battle, but they still went on fighting. 3) It is true that Tom’s very clever and hardworking, but I still don’t think he is the right person for the job. 4) It is true that learning English is by no means easy, but we can make the task easier by using some learning strategies. Cloze 1. 1) strategies 2) frequently 3) over and over again 4) commit to memory 5) acquaintance 6) watch out for 7) communicate 8) process
UNIT 1 As we are at the start of the course, this seems a good moment to offer some advice on how to make the task of learning English easier. 课程开始之际，就如何使学习英语的任务更容易提出一些建议似乎正当其时。 Some Strategies for Learning English Learning English is by no means easy. It takes great diligence and prolonged effort. 学习英语绝非易事。它需要刻苦和长期努力。 Nevertheless, while you cannot expect to gain a good command of English without sustained hard work, there are various helpful learning strategies you can employ to make the task easier. Here are some of them. 虽然不经过持续的刻苦努力便不能期望精通英语，然而还是有各种有用的学习策略可以用来使这一任务变得容易一些。以下便是其中的几种。 1. Do not treat all new words in exactly the same way. Have you ever complained about your memory because you find it simply impossible to memorize all the new words you are learning? But, in fact, it is not your memory that is at fault. If you cram your head with too many new words at a time, some of them are bound to be crowded out. What you need to do is to deal with new words in different ways according to how frequently they occur in everyday use. While active words demand constant practice and useful words must be committed to memory, words that do not often occur in everyday situations require just a nodding acquaintance. You will find concentrating on active and useful words the most effective route to enlarging your vocabulary. 1. 不要以完全同样的方式对待所有的生词。你可曾因为简直无法记住所学的所有生词而抱怨自己的记忆力太差？其实，责任并不在你的记忆力。如果你一下子把太多的生词塞进头脑，必定有一些生词会被挤出来。你需要做的是根据生词日常使用的频率以不同的方式对待它们。积极词汇需要经常练习，有用的词汇必须牢记，而在日常情况下不常出现的词只需见到时认识即可。你会发现把注意力集中于积极有用的词上是扩大词汇量最有效的途径。 2. Watch out for idiomatic ways of saying things. Have you ever wondered why we say, "I am interested in English", but "I am good at French"? And have you ever asked yourself why native English speakers say, "learn the news or secret", but "learn of someone's success or arrival"? These are all examples of idiomatic usage. In learning English, you must pay attention not only to the meaning of a word, but also to the way native speakers use it in their daily lives. 2．密切注意地道的表达方式。你可曾纳闷过，为什么我们说“我对英语感兴趣”是“I'm interested in English”，而说“我精于法语”则是“I'm good at French”？你可曾问过自己，为什么以英语为母语的人说“获悉消息或秘密”是“learn the news or secret”，而“获悉某
大学英语精读1课文翻译 Unit1 Some Strategies or Learning English 学习英语绝非易事。它需要刻苦和长期努力。 虽然不经过持续的刻苦努力便不能期望精通英语，然而还是有各种有用的学习策略可以用来使这一任务变得容易一些。以下便是其中的几种。 1. 不要以完全同样的方式对待所有的生词。你可曾因为简直无法记住所学的所有生词而抱怨自己的记忆力太差？其实，责任并不在你的记忆力。如果你一下子把太多的生词塞进头脑，必定有一些生词会被挤出来。你需要做的是根据生词日常使用的频率以不同的方式对待它们。积极词汇需要经常练习，有用的词汇必须牢记，而在日常情况下不常出现的词只需见到时认识即可。你会发现把注意力集中于积极有用的词上是扩大词汇量最有效的途径。 2．密切注意地道的表达方式。你可曾纳闷过，为什么我们说 "我对英语感兴趣"是"I'm interested in English"，而说"我精于法语"则是"I'm good at French"？你可曾问过自己，为什么以英语为母语的人说"获悉消息或秘密"是"learn the news or secret"，而"获悉某人的成功或到来"却是"learn of someone's success or arrival"？这些都是惯用法的例子。在学习英语时，你不仅必须注意词义，还必须注意以英语为母语的人在日常生活中如何使用它。 3．每天听英语。经常听英语不仅会提高你的听力，而且有助你培养说的技能。除了专为课程准备的语言磁带外，你还可以听英语广播，看英语电视和英语电影。第一次听录好音的英语对话或语段，你也许不能听懂很多。先试着听懂大意，然后再反复地听。你会发现每次重复都会听懂更多的东西。 4．抓住机会说。的确，在学校里必须用英语进行交流的场合并不多，但你还是可以找到练习讲英语的机会。例如，跟你的同班同学进行交谈可能就是得到一些练习的一种轻松愉快的方式。还可以找校园里以英语为母语的人跟他们随意交谈。或许练习讲英语最容易的方式是高声朗读，因为这在任何时间，任何地方，不需要搭档就可以做到。例如，你可以看着图片或身边的物件，试着对它们详加描述。你还可以复述日常情景。在商店里购物或在餐馆里吃完饭付过账后，假装这一切都发生在一个讲英语的国家，试着用英语把它表演出来。
UNIT1 又一学年——为了什么？ 约翰·切阿迪 1.给你们讲讲我刚当老师时候的一次失败经历吧。那是1940年的1月，我从研究生院 毕业不久，在堪萨斯城大学开始第一学期的教学工作。一个瘦高，长得就像顶上有毛的豆角架一样的男学生走进我的课堂，坐下，双臂交叉放在胸前，看着我，好像在说：“好吧，教我一些东西。”两周后我们开始学习《哈姆雷特》。三周后他双手叉腰走进我的办公室，“看，”他说，“我来这是学习当药剂师的。我为什么必须读这个？”由于没有随身带着自己的书，他就指着桌子上放着的我的那本。 2.虽然我是位新老师，我本来可以告诉这个家伙许多事情的。我本来可以指出，他考 入的不是制药技工培训学校而是大学，而且他在毕业时，应该得到一张写有理学学士而不是“合格的磨药工”的学位证书。这证书会证明他专修过药剂学，但它还能进一步证明他曾经接触过一些人类发展史上产生的思想。换句话说，他上的不是技能培训学校而是大学，在大学里学生既要得到培训又要接受教育。 3.我本来可以把这些话都告诉他，但是很明显，他不会待很长时间，说了也没用。 4.但是，由于我当时很年轻而且责任感也很强，我尽量把我的意思这样表达出来：“在 你的余生中，”我说，“平均每天24小时左右。谈恋爱时，你会觉得它有点短；失恋时，你会觉得它有点长。但平均每天24小时会保持不变。在其余的大约8个小时的时间里，你会处于睡眠状态。 5.“然后在每个工作日8个小时左右的时间里，我希望你会忙于一些有用的事情。假 设你毕业于一所药科大学——或工程大学，法学院，或者其他什么大学——在那8个小时时间里，你将用到你的专业技能。作为一个药剂师，你要确保氯化物没有和阿斯匹林混在一起；作为一个工程师，你要确保一切都在你的掌控之中；作为一个律师，你要保证你的当事人没有因为你的无能而被处以电刑。这些都是有用的工作，它们涉及到的技能每个人都必须尊重，而且它们都能给你带来基本的满足。无论你还干些什么，这些技能都很可能是你养家糊口的本领。它们会给你带来收入；但愿你的收入总能够用。” 6.“但完成一天的工作后，剩下的8小时你做什么呢？比如说你可以回家，和你的家 人待在一起。你所供养的是一个什么样的家庭呢？孩子们在家里能接触到一点还算是精辟的思想吗？你主持的家庭中有民主气息吗？家里有书吗？有那种一般敏感的人看了不会发怵的画吗？孩子们会听到巴赫的音乐吗？” 7.这差不多就是我所说的，但这个讨厌鬼不感兴趣。“看，”他说，“你们教授用你 们的方法培养孩子；我会以我自己的方式抚养我自己的孩子。我呀，我会尽一切努力挣钱的。” 8.“我希望你能赚很多，”我告诉他，“因为你在开支票的余暇会愁没事干的。” 9.14年后的今天，我仍然在教书，在此我要告诉你们，大学的职责并不只是在于培训 你，它还要使你接触人类思想的精髓。如果你没时间看莎士比亚的作品，没时间看哲学入门，没时间欣赏艺术的存续，也没时间学习我们称之为历史的人类发展的课
大学英语精读第三版第一册答案Unit1 1)e 2)g 3)j 4)a 5)b 6)i 7)c 8)d 9)h 10)f 1) handling 2) summarized 3) process 4) absorb 5) are bound to 6) feel free 7) for instance 8) strategies 9) complained 10) has committed to memory 11) Nevertheless 12) rely on 13) Apart from 14) command 1) over and over again 2) at a time 3) put it into practice 4) watching out for 5) by no means 6) concentrate on 7) In addition t 8) in detail 1)action 2)employ 3)announce 4)examination 5)communication 6)express 7)compose 8)improvement 9)concentration 10)management 11)consider 12)motivate 13)development
14)movement 15)discuss 16)operate 17)division 18)production 19)educate 20)repeat 1) additional 2) add 3) addition 4) addition 1) effectively 2) effect 3) effective 4) effect 1) helpful 2) help 3) helpless 4) help 5) helplessly 6) helpfully 7) helpful 1) reliant 2) reliable 3) reliance reliable 4) relies 5) reliably 6) 1) repetition 2) repeating 3) repeatedly 4) repeated 5) repetition 1) In my opinion 2) According to Mary 3) In our opinion 4) According to today's papers 5) In most doctors' opinion According to most doctors 1) Shakespeare was not only a dramatist but also an actor. 2) Miss Crain not only took me home in her car, but also came the next day to see if I had recovered. 3) Hainan Island attracts tourists not only in winter but also in summer.
U 1 NEW WORDS average n. ordinary普通的；中等的 intelligenc e n. ability to learn and understand智力 necessarily ad. inevitably必定 case n. what has really happened; actual condition实情 additiona l a. added 加的，额外的n. addition weekly a.done or happening every week 每周的；一周一次的 schedule n. timetable时间表 chart n.(sheet of paper with) information written or drawn in the form of a picture图（表） commit vt.指定 ... 用于 aside ad. to the side在旁边；到（向）一边etc(Latin, shortened form for et cetera) and other things等等 normal a. usual 正常的，正规的，标准的 reading n.the act or practice of reading阅读 assignment n. sth. given out as a task(布置的 )作业 occupy n.take up占用 relaxation n. (sth. done for) rest and amusement休息，娱乐 relax v. 放松，休息，休养 hobby n. what one likes to do in one's free time业余爱好 entertainment n. show, party, etc. that people enjoy娱乐 entertain vt. 娱乐，招待，款待 solve vt. find an answer to (a problem)解决（问题） aware a. having knowledge or understanding知道的；意识到的 furthermore ad. moreover; in addition而且；此外 enable vt. make (sb.) able (to do sth.)使（某人）能（做某事） activity n.sth. (to be) done活动 adequate a. as much as one needs; enough充分的；足够的 distraction n. sth. that draws away the mind or attention分心（或分散注意力）的事物 concentrate (on or upon)vi. pay close attention (to)全神贯注（于） skim vt. read quickly to get the main ideas (of)略读 preview vt. have a general view of (sth.) beforehand预习 content n.what is written in a book, etc.内容 organize vt. form into a whole组织 later ad. 后来；以后 skip vt. pass over略过 portion n. part; share一部分；一份
大学英语精读课的教学心得 本学期本人任教一年级大学英语课程，工作中自觉遵守教学规律，贯彻党的教育方针，以身作则，教书育人。关注本学科及相关的学术发展动态，刻苦钻研，努力提高自身业务水平，坚持学习，与同事进行交流合作，积极参加科组教研活动，例如到深圳职业技术学院参观学习，学院第二英语角活动，主动提出意见建议，促进教学教改。关心学院发展与建设，服从工作安排，遵守各规章纪律，保持全勤，参与学院的集体活动。以下是本人的几点教学心得： 我们的学生在中学阶段已经掌握了较系统的语法知识，故目前在教学中重点是提高学生的阅读理解能力，进而培养学生的书面表达能力。据学生反映，他们的难题主要是单词和课文内容。相应的教学方法是： 一、单独讲解单词。如果只是简单地解释词性、意思、词组，然后做翻译练习，不免显得枯燥，而且学生很难整节课都集中注意力，因而达不到良好教学效果。本人采用的方法是尽量地把本课单词有机地串联起来，帮助学生形成一种记忆链条，并且给他们定一个目标：Try to put everything in mind instead of on the notebook！例如，在这个单元中，主要探讨科学的发展及其对我们生活的影响。上课的时候，首先从手机（mobile phone）展开话题，由其体积大小、价格的变化，引出技术发展两个新词：technology，develop，（development），继而是技术发展的动力之一“竞争”（competition），而当今的竞争是激烈的（severe）、“全球性的”（global），创造力（inventiveness）、自创精神（initiative）尤为重要，接下来讨论科技发展（technology development）对我们日常生活的影响或关联（relevance）。到此，让学生尝试用几句话把这些词串连起来：Technology develops at a rapid rate nowadays. Anyway, the rapid development has been brought about by the force of competition, which is severe and global, and needs initiative. Does the development have any relevance to our daily life? Sure. Ten years ago, it was impossible for a student to have a mobile phone. 在讲解完一组相关的词后，让学生做课本的选词填空练习，巩固对单词词义的理解和掌握正确用法。其次，以游戏的方式练习词汇。由一或两名学生背对黑板，教师写上词或词组，全班同学给提示直到他们猜出词语。这样既活跃课堂又使学生有机会练习口头表达能力，也可锻炼当众表演的胆量。例如，dream一词，提示有：something in your mind when you sleep, sometimes it is true, sometimes it is imagination, people may appear, animal may also come into sight, you might be happy, might be frightened, even in horror……大量旧词汇得到复习。 二、课文讲解。由于课是两节或三节连堂，如果按照传统的语言点、加语法、再加句子分析翻译，学生很难完全接受。较可行的方法是分成三部分。第一，先完成整篇的理解性问题，课本的“content question”，让学生了解课文大概。第二，语言点、语法结构讲解，分段落完成。学生们逐段阅读，留一定时间给他们提问，然后就学生忽视的内容个别提问、再总结，形成教与学的互动，促使学生思考。第三，完成第一、第二阶段的教学后，再分析整篇文章的结构，每部分的main ideas，总结全文观点。让学生练习表达能力。同时回顾一些重要的细节或段落、句子，构成完整的篇章学习。部份故事性趣味性强的文章，采用分组表演，促进学生团对合作。很受欢迎。 三、课后练习：时间充裕的话，可让学生在课堂完成，再评讲，或者布置为家庭作业，课堂评讲。这也可作为语法、语言点的练习与复习。尽量运用本单元新学的知识，再与先前所掌握的作比较。 四、随堂测验。每讲完一小单元，如单词、语法或语言点之后，用十分钟左右进行随堂测验，可用口头或书面形式。可深化学生的记忆，达到良好的教学效果。 五、作业批改。学生首先关注的是分数，往往忽视错误部分，故批改时只圈出错的地方，学生自己改正后再上交，然后针对个别辅导。真正巩固知识。 以上是本人的教学心得。在今后的工作中，本人将继续努力，不断提高教学水平，高质量完成教学任务。
Book 4-Unit 5 Text A The Telephone Anwar F. Accawi 1.When I was growing up in Magdaluna, a small Lebanese village in the terraced, rocky mountains east of Sidon, time didn't mean much to anybody, except maybe to those who were dying. In those days, there was no real need for a calendar or a watch to keep track of the hours, days, months, and years. We knew what to do and when to do it, just as the Iraqi geese knew when to fly north, driven by the hot wind that blew in from the desert. The only timepiece we had need of then was the sun. It rose and set, and the seasons rolled by and we sowed seed and harvested and ate and played and married our cousins and had babies who got whooping cough and chickenpox—and those children who survived grew up and married their cousins and had babies who got whooping cough and chickenpox. We lived and loved and toiled and died without ever needing to know what year it was, or even the time of day. 2.It wasn't that we had no system for keeping track of time and of the important events in our lives. But ours was a natural or, rather, a divine — calendar, because it was framed by acts of God: earthquakes and droughts and floods and locusts and pestilences. Simple as our calendar was, it worked just fine for us. 3.Take, for example, the birth date of Teta Im Khalil, the oldest woman in Magdaluna and all the surrounding villages. When I asked Grandma, "How old is Teta Im Khalil?" 4.Grandma had to think for a moment; then she said, "I've been told that Teta was born shortly after the big snow that caused the roof on the mayor's house to cave in." 5."And when was that?" I asked. 6."Oh, about the time we had the big earthquake that cracked the wall in the east room." 7.Well, that was enough for me. You couldn't be more accurate than that, now, could you? 8.And that's the way it was in our little village for as far back as anybody could remember. One of the most unusual of the dates was when a whirlwind struck during which fish and oranges fell from the sky. Incredible as it may sound, the story of the fish and oranges was true, because men who would not lie even to save their own souls told and retold that story until it was incorporated into Magdaluna's calendar. 9.The year of the fish-bearing whirlpool was not the last remarkable year. Many others followed in which strange and wonderful things happened. There was, for instance, the year of the drought, when the heavens were shut for months and the spring from which the entire village got its drinking water slowed to a trickle. The spring was about a mile from the village, in a ravine that opened at one end into a small, flat clearing covered with fine gray dust and hard, marble-sized goat droppings. In the year of the drought, that little clearing was always packed full of noisy kids with big brown eyes and sticky hands, and their mothers —sinewy, overworked young women with cracked, brown heels. The children ran around playing tag or hide-and-seek while the women talked, shooed flies, and awaited their turns to fill up their jars with drinking water to bring home to their napping men and wet babies. There were days when we had to wait from sunup until late afternoon just to fill a small clay jar with precious, cool water.