雅思写作必用之关联词
并列(and)关系类
A, 排序(sequencing)
起：first of all in the first place to begin with first(ly)…the first (reason) is
承：after this/that then following this/that afterwards
合：finally/eventually
B, 递进(reinforcing)
Also besides furthermore In addition moreover what’s more
not only…but also…
C, 等同(equating)
In the same way likewise…similarly…….. accordingly…equally important…
D, 总结(summarising)
In conclusion in summary in short lastly to conclude finally to sum up
E, 举例(referring)
For example for instance in particular Particularly such as that is to say Namely a (good) case in point to illustrate… is …
F, 结果(showing results)
As a result consequently hence so Therefore thereby thus for this reason Leads to cause 选择(or)类
A, 推断(inferring)
In other words in that case then (or) else otherwise
B, 替换(giving alternatives)
Alternatively then again
C, 重复(restating)
In other words that is to say to put it simply
转折(but)类
A, 比较/对比(contrasting)
Conversely in comparison in contrast to this Instead nevertheless however on the contrary On the other hand … whereas…B, 让步(conceding)
Afeter all all the same even if … while Although/though/even though however still
In spite of / despite this/ that nevertheless nonetheless yet
雅思写作高频词汇分类汇总
科技类
1.advanced science 尖端科学
2.scientific invention 科学发明
3.exert a far-reaching impact on… 对…产生一种深远的影响
4.double-edged sword 双刃剑
5.earth-shaking changes 翻天覆地的改变
6.pay the way for the future development 为未来的发展铺平道路
https://www.doczj.com/doc/743082343.html,y a solid foundation for… 为…打下良好的基础
8.energy crisis 能源危机
9.depletion of resources 能源消耗
https://www.doczj.com/doc/743082343.html,estone 里程碑
11.sophisticated equipment 尖端设备
12.technical innovation 科技创新
13.expediency 权宜之计
14.antithetical 与…背道而驰的
15.over-commercialized 过渡商业化的
16.a heated discussion 热烈的讨论
17.exhaust gas 废气
18.disastrous 灾难性的
19.overshadow 使…相形见绌
https://www.doczj.com/doc/743082343.html,pared to/with… 与…相比
https://www.doczj.com/doc/743082343.html,her in 引领
22.speedy and comfortable 既快捷又舒适
23.opposite forces 负面影响
24.a fatal breakdown 致命故障
25.potential hazards 潜在危险
26.pose a threat to… 对…有一种威胁
27.promote relative industries 促进相关产业发展
28.accelerate 加速…
29.means of transportation 交通方式
30.transportation tools 交通工具
31.social status 社会地位
32.environmentally-friendly resources 环保的能源
33.make people’s life easier 使人们生活更方便
34.alternative fuel 可替代燃料
35.sustainable development 可持续性发展
36.scientific exploration 科学探索
37.air travel 航空旅行
38.ridiculous 可笑的
39.absurd 荒唐的
40.substitute 取代
41.overcome difficulties 克服困难
42.make progress 取得进步
43.a sense of national pride 民族自豪感
44.unprecedented 前所未有的
45.soaring 不断上升的
46.give a great push to the economic growth 极大地推动了经济发展
47.see dramatic breakthroughs 取得突破性进展
48.aggravate 使恶化
49.optimize 优化
50.cure-all solution 万能良药
文化类一
1.cultural insights 文化视角
2.learn about the would 了解世界
3.a thrilling experience 一种令人激动的经历
4.abstract 抽象的
5.concrete 具体的
6.move somebody to tears 使…感动落泪
7.get relaxed and entertained 得到放松和娱乐
8.venue 场所
9.has its value 有其自己价值
10.inspiration 灵感
11.scope of knowledge 知识面
12.spread knowledge 传播知识
https://www.doczj.com/doc/743082343.html,sting artistic works 永恒的艺术作品
14.abstruse 深奥的
15.break with old customs 抛弃传统
16.carry down from generation to generation 代代相传
17.advocate the new lifestyle. 倡导新的生活方式
18.entertainment 娱乐
19.be different from … 与…不同
20.direct experience 直接经验
21.echo 共识
22.satiate people’s psychological demands 满足心理需求
23.attach more importance to … 更重视…
24.spiritual enhancement 精神升华
25.a mirror of … 是…的一面镜子
26.determinant 决定性因素
27.eclipse 使…相形见绌
28.contribute to … 有助于…
29.a sense of cool and satisfaction 一种惬意的感觉
30.pastimes 消遣方式
31.nurture imagination 培养想象力
32.meditation 沉思
33.an essence of immortality 永恒的精髓
34.instructive 有启发性的
35.edification 熏陶
36.arouse one’s curiosity about something 引发某人对某事的好奇心
37.enrich one’s knowledge 丰富某人知识
38.value of knowledge 知识的价值
39.cultural differences 文化差异性
40.time is fleeting and art is long 时光飞逝，艺术永恒
文化类二
1.cultural diversity 文化多元化
2.cultural treasures 文化宝藏
3.cross-cultural communication 跨文化交流
4.cultural reconstruction 文化重建
5.spiritual civilization 精神文明
6.heritage 遗产
7.achievements of art 艺术成就
8.tear down 拆除
9.humane historical sites 人文历史遗址
10.preserve the cultural relics 保护文化遗产
11.blueprint 蓝图
12.skyscraper 摩天大楼
13.high-rise office buildings 高层写字楼
14.city construction 城市建设
15.well-structured 结构良好的
16.crystallization 结晶
17.visual enjoyment 视觉享受
18.driving force 驱动力
19.reconstruct 重建
20.destruct 破坏
21.architectural industry 建筑工业
22.map out 制定出
23.city designing 城市设计
24.beautify our life 美化我们的生活
25.human civilization 人类文明
26.cradle of culture 文化摇篮
27.mainstream culture 主流文化
28.cultural traditions 文化传统
29.national pride 民族自豪
30.local customs and practices 风土人情
31.attract people’s eyes 吸引人们的眼球
32.artistic taste 艺术品味
33.cornerstone 基石
34.be clo sely interrelated with… 与…有密切关系
35.adhere to the tradition 坚持传统
36.architectural vandalism 破坏建筑行为
37.carry forward … 弘扬…
38.cultural needs 文化需求
39.reputation 声望
40.maintain the world peace 维护世界和平
41.artistic reflection 艺术反映
42.give publicit y to… 宣传…
43.burden 负担
44.cause irreversible damage 造成不可逆转的损失
45.national identity and value 民族特性和价值观
46.remove prejudice and misunderstanding 消除偏见和误解
47.symbol 象征
48.artistic standards 艺术水准
49.enjoy great popularity 广受欢迎
50.cultural devolution 文化退化
媒体类
1.paparazzi 狗仔队
2.mass media 大众媒体
3.entertainment 娱乐
4.journalism 新闻业
5.journal 期刊
6.the latest news 最新消息
7.exclusive news 独家新闻
8.news agency 新闻社
9.news blockout 新闻封锁
10.news censorship 新闻审查
11.freedom of the press 新闻自由
12.coverage 新闻报道
13.do reportage on … 报导…
14.hit the headlines 上头条
15.issue 出版、发行
16.newsstand 报摊
17.free-lancer writer 自由撰稿人
18.chief editor 总编
19.editorial 社论
20.newsworthy 值得报道的
21.barometer 晴雨表
22.the barometer of public opinion 舆论的晴雨表
23.live broadcast 直播
24.quiz show 智力竞争节目
25.game show 游戏节目
26.variety show 综合节目
27.talk show 脱口秀
28.sitcom 情景喜剧
29.soap opera 肥皂剧
30.movie star 电影明星
31.movie king 影帝
32.movie queen 影后
33.affair 绯闻
34.celebrity 名人
35.fame 名声
36.rise to fame 声名鹊起
37.fan 粉丝
38.invade one’s privacy 侵扰了…的隐私
39.misleading 误导性的
40.cheating 欺骗性的
41.popularity 知名度
42.scandal 丑闻
43.sensational 轰动的
44.prevalent 普遍的、流行的
45.imperative 重要的、必要的
46.audience ratings 收视率
47.propaganda 宣传
48.be abducted by 受…诱导
49.purify one’s soul 净化心灵
50.live in virtual would 生活在一个虚拟世界中
51.be a great comfort to somebody 对…来说是一个巨大安慰
52.meet different tastes 满足不同口味
53.provide somebody with something 给…提供…
54.follow the fashion blindly 盲目追逐时尚
https://www.doczj.com/doc/743082343.html,mit crimes 犯罪
56.be inconceivable to somebody 对…来说是难以想象的
57.impressive 给人印象深刻的
58.right to know 知情权
59.in the disguise of … 打着…的幌子
60.endanger social stability and safety 危害社会稳定和安全媒体类二
https://www.doczj.com/doc/743082343.html,rmation era 信息时代
2.keep one informed about something 使人们了解…
3.audience/viewers 观众
4.have unhealthy and harmful effects on… 对…有不良影响
https://www.doczj.com/doc/743082343.html,rmation-explosion society 信息爆炸的社会
6.influential 有影响的
7.revolutionize the way we acquire information 彻底改变了我们获取信息的方式
8.blessing 福
9.curse 祸
10.various thrilling programs 各种各样激动人心的节目
11.poor-quality programs 低质量节目
12.ever-accelerated 不断发展的
13.exaggerate 夸张
14.enjoyable 令人享受的
15.fashionable 时尚的
16.electromagnetic radiation 电磁辐射
17.psychological illnesses 心理疾病
18.isolated 孤僻的
19.unimaginative 缺乏想象力的
20.unsociable 不好社交的
21.deprive somebody of one’s imagination and creativity 使…丧失了想象力和创造力
22.jeopardize one’s health 危害健康
23.be exposed to… 了解到…接触到…
24.find its way into every family 进入千家万户
25.global village 地球村
26.be ind ulged in… 沉溺于…
27.be addicted to … 对…上瘾
28.be fascinated by … 被…所吸引
29.be dependent on … 依赖…
30.second-hand information 二手信息
31.go astray 误入歧途
32.embark on the criminal road 走上犯罪道路
33.irresistible 无法抵制的
34.hallmark 标志
35.create topics of discussion 制造交谈话题
36.critical thinking 批判性思维
37.powerful means of communication 有力的交流工具
38.main cause 主因
39.tempting 有诱惑力的
40.reliable 可靠的
41.family attachment 家庭归属感
42.mutual understanding 相互了解
43.alienation of affection 感情疏远
44.be sick of … 对…厌倦
45.generation gap 代沟
46.exchanges of feelings 感情交流
47.emotional bond 感情纽带
48.strengthen family ties 加强家庭纽带关系
49.be detached from reality 与现实隔绝
50.distinguish right from wrong 明辨是非
51.edifying 有教育意义的
52.couch potato 电视迷
53.be har mful to … 对…有害
54.imitate 模仿
55.inexpressible 难以形容的
56.physical and mental health 身心健康
57.stimulate one’s imagination and creativity 激发某人想象力和创造力
58.unwholesome lifestyle. 不健康的生活方式
59.a great deal of information 大量的信息
60.disinteresting 令人索然无味的
社会类
1.urbanization 城市化
2.centralization 集中化
3.imbalance 不平衡
4.in the long run 从长远角度而言
5.infrastructure 基础设施
6.booming 繁荣发展的
7.tertiary industry 第三产业
8.tranquility 宁静
9.revenue 税收
https://www.doczj.com/doc/743082343.html,mercialization 商业化
11.traffic congestion 交通拥挤
12.water scarcity 水短缺
13.the environmental pollution 环境污染
14.over-industrialization 过度工业化
15.over-crowdedness 过度拥挤
16.unemployment 失业
17.wealth distribution 财富分配
18.social instability 社会动荡
19.urban construction 城市建设
20.population explosion 人口激增
21.a rising crime rate 犯罪率上升
22.drain of energy and resources 能源和资源消耗
23.offer more job opportunities 提供更多的就业机会
24.a rapid pace of life 快节奏生活
25.stress-related illnesses 与压力有关的疾病
26.high cost of living 高额生活费用
27.pastoral life 田园生活
28.class polarization 阶级两极分化
29.social welfare 社会福利
30.give special care to … 给予…特殊关照
31.urban sprawl 城市扩张
32.convenient transportation means 便捷的交通工具
33.better medical services 更好的医疗服务
34.pressure of modern life in city 城市生活压力
35.be vulnerable t o … 易于患上…
36.melting pot 熔炉
37.on the brink of … 处于…边缘
38.pollutant 污染性物质
39.waste disposal 废物处理
40.put the blame on … 归咎于…
41.be attributable to … 归因为…
42.ways of consumption 消费方式
43.suffer heavy losses 遭受重大损失
44.citizen 居民
45.be confr onted with… 面临着…
46.breed crimes 滋生犯罪
47.vicious cycle 恶性循环
48.a feasible measure 一种可行的措施
49.give priority to … 优先考虑…
50.city planners 城市规划者
动物保护类
1.vivisection 活体解剖
2.perform. experiments on animals 在动物身上做试验
3.test animals 用于实验的动物
4.be subjected to experiments 被迫接受试验
5.animal rights 动物权利
6.clinical research 临床研究
7.cruel 残忍的
8.extremist 极端主义者
9.medical research 医学研究
10.origin of species 物种起源
11.alternative method 替代的方法
12.biological diversity 生物多样性
13.natural balance 自然平衡
14.equilibrium of ecosystem 生态平衡
在雅思写作的四大评分标准当中，连贯性与衔接性是其中的一项评分标准，连贯性与衔接性其中一方面就是用连接手段（即连接词）来实现的。连接词本身是非常繁琐的知识，在教授连接词时也会遇到很多困难，那么学连接词首先把连接词词性掌握并掌握各词性的用法，学连接词就简便得多。朗阁海外考试研究中心分析认为，连接词大体可分为四种词性：连词，副词，介词和短语，它们各自的用法又不一样。 连词 如but, and,后接句子，连接并列句时前面逗号可有可无。当然连词也可放句首，这一点在考官范文里有很多体现。 例：In the past, populations were partly regulated by frequent war and widespread disease, but in recent years the effects of those factors have been diminished. (并列句中的连词) 段落开始：But how should it be achieved ( 连词放句首) 介词 如before, despite：后接名词或动名词 例：Before talking about the essential role of death penalty, you have to think about the meaning, and the purpose, of any kind of punishment. 副词 副词连接并列句，前面用句号或分号，后面用逗号（当然，如果副词前用句号，那就是另起一句了，不称之为并列句） 例：In many places today, children start primary school at around the age of six or seven. However, because it is more likely now that both parents work, there is little opportunities for children to stay in their own home up to that age.( 副词另起一句) The crime rate is increasingly high; therefore, the government needs to enforce more laws to curb this situation. ( 副词在并列句中) 短语 如on the contrary, in addition：用法和副词用法完全一样 例：They feel this is one area of life where they have the right to make decisions for themselves. For that reason, it would seem that the best approach would be work by persuasion rather than compulsion. The government plays a crucial role in scientific research; on the other hand, private companies hold certain advantages in conducting scientific research. ( 短语在并列句中) 掌握连接词的四大词性及用法以后，连接词的教学和运用就容易展开。我们可以参看考官范文，看看各类关系的时候考官如何使用连接词，使文章凸显出来。 因果关系 根据词性及用法可归结于: because / since/ as / for, so (连词), because of/ due to / owing to/ as a result of (介词) for that reason/as a result/ therefore/ accordingly (短语和副词) 例：I think the amount of waste produced is also as a result of our tendency to use sth once and throw it away. （可代替词汇because of/ due to / owing to）
轻松征服雅思阅读长难句 面对雅思阅读中的难点长难句理解(long sentence understanding)，如何提高阅读的速度? 英文中的基本句型是由主语、谓语和宾语构成的，也就是所谓的“核心意群”core meaning，突破长难句最有效的方法就是“拎出主谓宾，之后定状补”。 我们来看一个长难句： Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greatly intellectual development。 这个句子看起来非常复杂，但不难辨认出整个句子的主语是Behaviorists (行为学者)，谓语是紧跟在后面的动词suggest，宾语是一个较长的宾语从句。 在这个宾语从句中，不难发现主语就是the child，接着出现了三个代词———who, where 和which，这些是非常明显的定语从句的关系代词，所以这里可以判断出连着出现了三个定语从句，一个套着一个，修饰了三个名词成分。而在这三个定语从句后面出现的唯一一个动词无疑就是整个宾语从句的谓语了，也就是will experience，当然后面接的development也就是宾语从句中的宾语了。 到这里，这个较长的由三个定语从句构成的宾语从句的意思已基本分析出来。 由此可见，只要我们能够正确分析分句间的关系，找出主谓宾，再分清楚修饰的成分，这种长难句的理解似乎也没有那么困难。而如果能够高效率地解决长难句的理解，那么阅读速度必然也会登上一个新的台阶。以下一些长难句供学习参考。 1. The greeting stage includes greeting everyone courteously，using waiting-room smarts，using your time wisely，and applying proper protocol when meeting the interviewer. 译文：问候阶段包括礼貌地向每个人问候，在等候室灵活使用一些交往技能，合理地使用自己的时间，同面试你的人会面时恰如其分地使用一些礼节。 2. The consultation stage includes responsiveness and enthusiasm，knowing when to interject key points，showing sincerity，highlighting your strengths，and listening intently. 译文：商洽阶段包括反应机敏、热情，知道何时应该(在交谈中)插入一些关键信息，要表现得诚恳，突出自己的优点，注意倾听。
雅思写作常用同义词替换100个 1. people=individuals 人们(Those who) 2. many people=a majority of people = most of people大多数人 3. a lot of=a great deal of=plenty of 很多（修饰不可数名词） 4. a great number of=a large amount/quantity of=considerable amount of= a large variety of很多（可数名词） 5. plentiful=abundant 丰富的，大量的 6. expensive=pricy 贵的 7. thing=item=goods 东西，物品 8. humans=human beings=human race=mankind 人类 9. benefit=conduce to=help=contribute to=aid to 有助于（动词） 10. harm=damage=endanger=undermine 危害（动词）
11. beneficial=helpful=conducive(rewarding)=do good to/be good for 有好处的（形容词） 12. harmful=detrimental=damaging有害的（形容词） 13. education=schooling 教育 14. think=believe=hold=maintain=consider=take for=agree认为 15. oppose=object to=be against=disagree 反对 16. support=be in favor of=be for 支持 17. as for me=as far as I am concerned=in the eyes of 对我来说 18. in my opinion=from my perspective=in my viewpoint=in my point o f view=personally 我的观点是 19. as …develop(s)=with the development of...=with the progress of…=as…ad vances随着…的发展（注意什么时候用动词，什么时候用名词） 20. quickly=rapidly=at an amazing rate=at an staggering rate 很快（副
Part 1 A A band of= a herd of=a flock of 一群 A range of=an array of= a list of= a collection of=a series of= a set of一系列Accelerate=speed up加速 Accomplishment=achievement 成就，完成 Accomplish=achieve （V）完成，达成，成就 Attend=participate in 参加 Achieve=obtain=gain=access to sth 得到、获得 Adapt to=integrate into使适应、融为一体 Aim.n=objective=goal 目的 Aim at=focus on=concentrate on=emphasize on 集中、强调 An array of=a list of =a set of=a series of 一系列 Attempt to do=try to do=intend to do尝试作，想要作 Approximately=roughly=about=some=around 大约 Appreciation=interest 欣赏 As a result=consequently=as a consequence=hence因此、从而 As well as=and和 As well=too也 Associate with=connect with=link with=relate to=involve in与……相关联Attach to=connect to=link to=serve与……相连接、附着在……上 At will=at random＝by chance=by accident=accidentally随意地Automatically ensure=guarantee确保 B Be similar to=closely resembled =have something in common 相似 Be used to=be devoted to专门用于 Be equivalent to=be equal to 等同于 Be taken aback=be surprised 吃惊 Briskly =rapidly=swiftly快速地 C Calculate=measure 衡量 Catch up with=keep pace with跟上步伐 Chief=major=dominant=principle主要的 Chronic=long term 慢性病的 Complain=illness 病症 Concern n. =focus关心的问题 Concern v. =about 与……有关
PART 1 逻辑连接词 1.1 让步 1. Although（更书面）= though(更口语) =even if (即使，更偏假设性)=even though（虽然，更偏事实性）+句子 注：不能与but连用。 Devoted though we are to prosperity and freedom, we cannot shake off the judgmental strand of justice.用倒装 2. No matter how/what/who等= 疑问句+ever No matter who/Whoever you are, you must keep the law. 注意：疑问句+ever 可以引导名词性从句 Whoever（≠ no matter who）comes will be welcome. 3. …, as long as… You can do what you want, as long as you like. 4. 名词/表语/动词+ as（though）倒装，。。。，表“纵使” Object as/though you may, I’ll go。 Small as atoms are, they are made up of still smaller units。 Lover of towns as I am, I realize that I owe a debt to my early country life. 5. Whether…or…正反两方面，。。。表“不论。。。与否” Whether you believe it or not, it's true. You'll have to attend the ceremony whether you're free or busy. 6. Be原型+主语+表语（n, adj）= whether+主语+be动词+表语（n, adj）。不论。一文学性强的虚拟语气，表让步。 Be it historical tradition, faith and culture, or social system, values and level of development, those countries or regions are often different from one another. 7. Despite+n/ving = in spite of尽管. （不能加句子） Despite the fact that + 句子（太累赘） Despite myself, …情不自禁地… Her words were so satirical（讽刺的）that I lost my temper in spite of myself。 8. Notwithstanding +sth尽管 But notwithstanding its ancient lineage, it is open to the following challenge. 9. Albeit 虽然即使 You are to be given one method of communication with your rival, albeit indirect communication. 1.2 原因 Since
雅思阅读中不容忽视的各种从句 朗阁雅思考试研究中心 朗阁雅思考试研究中心分析认为，关联词常有3个作用：连接作用，引导定语从句；代替先行词；在定语从句中担当一个成分。关联词为关系代词和关系副词。关系代词在定语从句中可以用作主语、宾语、定语等；关系副词在定语从句中只用作状语。 而其中定语从句（Attributive Clauses），在句中作定语，其作用是修饰主句的某个名词性成分，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句。通常定语从句皆置于它所修饰的名词或代词之后，被修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词（antecedent），而引导定语从句的词称为关联词。 定语从句一般紧跟在其先行词之后。 ★有时也可以与先行词分离。 ★用作关联词的关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等，但朗阁雅思考试研究中心在此提醒考生们绝对没有“what”。who, whom, whose指人，who是主格，在定语从句中用作主语（在非正式英语中也可以用作宾语，并且用作宾语时可以省去不用）；whom是宾格，在定语从句中用作宾语（也可以省去不用）；whose是属格，在定语从句中用作定语（有时也可以指物）。 ★The man who he talked about is a professor.（在非正式英语中who代替了whom,也可以省去不用) ★He doesn?t like the girl whom you refer to.（宾格关系代词whom在从句中用作宾语，也可以省去不用） ★The children whose parents give priority to work may feel lonely and alienated.（属格关系代词whose在定语从句中用作定语，指人） ★The car whose wheels have been stolen was bought yesterday.（属格关系代词whose在定语从句中用作定语，指物，即car，可以用of which代替，但后者较为正式）
雅思写作同义词
1、趋势类词汇 上升动词类: increase， go up， rise up， grow up， jump up， surge， shoot up，keep an upward tendency 下降动词类: decrease， go down， decline， fall down， drop， sink， dip， keep a downward tendency 波动动词类: fluctuate 持平动词类: remain the same， stabilize， remain stable， remain constant 修饰动词的副词: slightly 轻微地， slowly 缓慢地， gradually 逐渐地， steadily 稳定地， rapidly 迅速地， moderately 温和地，轻微地， significantly 明显地，sharply 明显地， dramatically急剧地， drastically 急剧地 上升名词类: increase， rise， growth， jump， surge 下降名词类: decrease， decline， fall， reduction， drop 波动名词类: fluctuation 修饰名词的形容词: slight， slow， gradual， steady， rapid， moderate，significant， sharp， dramatic， drastic 2、极值类词汇和表达 最高点: reach the peak/top/highest point Increase to the peak/top/highest point 最低点: reach the bottom/lowest point drop to the bottom/lowest point 占的最多: occupy/make up/take up/account for the largest proportion/number/percentage of …
雅思写作常用连接词(1) 常用的连接词: 1)表层次: first, firstly, to begin with, further, in the first place second, secondly, to start with, still, furthermore third, thirdly, what is more, last, last but not least Also, and, then, next, besides and equally important, too, moreover Besides, in addition, finally 2)表转折： by contrast although though yet at the same time but despite the fact that even so in contrast nevertheless even though for all that notwithstanding on the contrary however in spite of on the other hand otherwise instead still regardless 3)表因果： therefore consequently because of for the reason thus hence due to owing to so accordingly thanks to on this account since as on that account in this way for as a result as a consequence 4）表让步： still nevertheless concession granted naturally in spite of all the same of course despite even so after all 5)表递近： furthermore moreover likewise what is more besides also not only...but also... too in addition 6)表举例： for example for instance for one thing that is to illustrate as an illustration a case in point 7)表解释： as a matter of fact frankly speaking in this case namely in other words 8)表总结： in summary in a word thus as has been said in brief in conclusion altogether in other words to conclude in fact finally in simple terms indeed in short in particular that is in other words of course on the whole to put it differently namely in all therefore to summarize
之前和大家分享了如何看长难句的方法和技巧，相信通过这篇文章的雅思真题阅读部分例句，同学们能有一个更深入的理解。小试牛刀，找找看懂长难句的感觉吧！ 一．名词性从句 主语从句： It was once assumed [that improvements in telecommunications would lead to more dispersal in the population]. （剑6） 宾语从句： This is not just because of the importance of English-speaking countries such as the USA in scientific research; the scientists of many non-English-speaking countries find [that they need to write their research papers in English to reach a wide international audience].（剑5） 表语从句： One interesting correlation Manton uncovered is [that better-educated people are likely to live longer]. （剑6） 同位语从句： There is a widespread belief [that increasing wealth encourages people to live farther out (where cars are the only viable transport)]. （剑6） 主语从句+同位语从句： But [that their minds are not different from our own] is demonstrated by the fact [that the hard-won discoveries of scientists like Kepler or Einstein become common place knowledge of school children] and [the once outrageous shapes and colors of an artist like Paul Klee so soon appear on the fabrics we wear.] （剑8） *第一个that 引导主语从句。第二个that 引导了同位语从句，其中包含由and 连接的两部分组成，说明the fact 的内容。另外，句末是一个省略了关系代词that 或which 的关系从句，也叫定语从句。 注：本文中一律称之为关系从句。 二．关系从句 1. Johnson was a poet and critic who raised common sense to the height of genius. （剑5） 2. His approach to the problems that had worried writers throughout the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries was intensely practical. （剑5） 3. With the Cooperative Research Centre for Micro Technology in Melbourne, they are developing unobtrusive sensors that will be embedded in an athlete’s clothes or running shoes to monitor heart rate, sweating, heat production or any other factor that might have an impact on an athlete’s ability to run. （剑6） 4. In the Glass and Singer study, in which subjects were exposed to bursts of noise as they work on a task, some subjects heard loud bursts and other heard soft bursts. （剑7） *此句其实是一个由and 连接的并列句some subjects heard loud bursts and other heard soft bursts. 介词短语In the Glass and Singer study 作状语。In which 引导关系从句修饰先行词the Glass and Signer study. 三．状语从句
雅思写作常用句型分类总结 雅思写作是否有规律可循，答案是肯定的。至少从语言上来讲，雅思考试的写作可以通过一些句型的替换来实现个人观点的陈述，完成论述过程。熟练掌握运用这些表达方式可以大大节约在考场上的时间，也可以使自己的文章能够流畅自如，从而获得高分。下面就将这些句型做一个分类总结： 一．首段的句型 第一句：描述背景： 1. Along with the rapid development the society, remarkable changes have taken place in… 随着社会的快速发展，……已发生了显著的变化。 2. The ….is a subject matte r in recent years. …是近年来的一个课题。 3. In recent years, China has experienced an alarming increase in… / In recent years, much more attention than ever before has been paid to …. 最近几年来，中国……有了惊人的增长。 /近几年来，….吸引了众多关注。 4. One of the pressing problem facing our nation (China) today is…and… 我们国家(中国)如今面临的紧迫问题之一是…… 第二句：改写题目/介绍两个对立论点 1.There is much controversy over whether…/There is an ongoing debate about … 对于是否…很有争论 2.S ome people think that… Others argue that the opposite is true. There is probably some truth to both arguments, but I think… 有的人认为应该……另一些人持相反意见。也许双方的观点都有一定道理，但是…… 3.It is widely held/acknowledged that….(改写题目)。Such people think that…（介 绍对方观点） 第三句：提出个人观点/引出接下来要讨论的内容 1.表示只赞同一方观点： My personal view is that … is of benefits to sb./sth. As far as I know, its benefits are far more obvious than its downsides. Although…, I am of the view that they do more harm than good. My personal view is that its benefits cannot justify its harmful effects.我 个人观点是它的好处不能抵消它的负面影响。
2020雅思阅读上分技巧 语考试就一直就很重视英语阅读能力的考察，下面就和大家分享如何雅思阅读上分技巧，希望能够帮助到大家，一起来学习吧! 雅思阅读上分技巧 1. 你读对了吗? 阅读提分的关键涉及2方面的内容——读和理解。只有读完*，才能知道*的内容和主题;只有读完题目才能知道，考官想要定位的是*中的哪些关键信息。所以会读是首要的，想要提分你得这么有技巧的读： 略读粗略阅读*的“面式”读法，可以帮助考生快速获取阅读材料的主要内容和大意。快速阅读时，建议烤鸭通过略读*标题来判断、预测主要内容，与此同时还可以通过略读首尾段、每段的首尾句了解*大意。跳读、组读跳读是带着明确目标，寻找“特定信息”的阅读方法，是一种忽略无关内容的“点式”阅读。这种方法特别适用于细节检索式问题。组读是以意群为单位，一组一组地“视读”，考生需要边读边理解。在此期间，学生必须减少眼停次数，缩短“眼脑直映”的时间。这里要说明一下，“组读”技巧需要学生有较强的英语阅读能力和理解能力，需要在平时多加训
练，才能达到准确无误。记忆除了以上三种阅读方法，阅读*时，熟记文中的重要情节也是提高阅读速度的重要手段。边读边忘导致考生无法深入、全面地理解材料，回视、重读等不良阅读习惯也会随之出现。因此，建议烤鸭们，平时可以通过背诵重点句型、段落主题句、课文主要段落、结论，或在规定的时间内阅读一段*，然后复述该段*的主要内容等方法锻炼自己的“记忆能力”。 2. 快才是王道 不同于一般平时的阅读，雅思阅读要求的是一个快字!不要总是考虑面面俱到，希望把每句都读懂，首先是时间不允许，其次由于单词量的限制即便每句都读也不一定能全部弄懂。 能够快速了解*的意思，通过题目快速定位关键信息，并从*提取出来，想到一些替换词。这就是所谓的阅读技巧啦，阅读技巧的作用其实是在保证快的情况下提高准确度。由于一千个人一千种方法，姐不可能将所有技巧全部讲出来，这里说说姐亲测过的一个超实用方法。 关联词法： 关联词法用的相当普遍，主要可以帮助考生快速定位关键性信息理解*意思，以下列出一些常用的关联词 并列：also，as well，too，not only … but also，both and，either or，neither nor…
常见同义词归纳 Bright future/splendid future/rosy prospect Traffic busy/traffic jam/traffic congestion/gridlock Happy/delightful/glad/content/ecstatic/auspicious Difficult/hard/complicated/tough/intricate Important/significant/substantial/serious/far-reaching/ Big/large/great/huge/massive/vast/enormous/substantial Very/extremely/highly/greatly/really/deeply/profoundly Make/cause/create/effect/lead to/generate/bring about/produce/give rise to Must/necessity/essentia l/requirement/fundamental/imperative/ requisite/prerequisite/sine qua non Will n /desire/intention/fancy/preference/inclination/v wish/want/prefer/desire/see fit Good/excellent/awesome/amazing/ remarkable/nice Many/a large number of/numerous/various/countless/abundant/innumerable/manifold Think/imagine/consider/meditate/ponder/contemplate/belost in though/ People/persons/individuals/folk/men and women/humanity/mankind/ Upset/sad/sorrowful/morose/melancholy/down/depressed/dejec
雅思写作大作文常用连 接词与句型 文件管理序列号：[K8UY-K9IO69-O6M243-OL889-F88688]
雅思大作文常用连接词汇 1.增补(Addition) in addition, furthermore, again, also, besides, moreover, what’s more, similarly, next, finally. 2.比较(Comparison) in the same way, likewise, similarly, equally, in comparison, just as 3.对照(Contrast) whereas, in contrast, on the other hand, instead, however, nevertheless, unlike, even though, on the contrary, while 4.因果(Cause and effect) because, because of, for, since, due to, owing to, thanks to, as a result (of), accordingly, hence, so, thus 5.强调(Emphasis) certainly, above all, indeed, of course, surely, actually, as a matter of fact, chiefly, especially, primarily, in particular, undoubtedly, absolutely, most important 6.让步(Concession) although, though, after all, in spite of, nevertheless, still, provided, while it is true.... 7.例证(Exemplification) for example, for instance, that is, namely, such as, in other words, in this case, by way of
雅思阅读作者及其观点搭配题的解 题技巧 雅思阅读作者及其观点搭配题解题技巧为大家带来雅思阅读中一种有难度的题型——作者及其观点搭配题的题型解说、解题步骤和解题技巧。下面就和大家分享雅思阅读作者及其观点搭配题解题技巧，来欣赏一下吧。 雅思阅读作者及其观点搭配题解题技巧 MATCHING(作者及其观点搭配题) 作者及其观点搭配题题型要求 在原文中，就一个主题，若干人或组织提出了若干个观点，题目要求将观点与其提出者(作者)搭配。 这种题型一般比较难，主要表示现在： 没有顺序性，即题目的顺序与原文的顺序是不一致的。 *题材多样，有的比较偏。作者提出的观点一般比较抽象，不好理解。 *句式复杂。一般句子都比较长，有很多都是复合句、并列复合句、多重复合句，造成大家理解上的困难。
考试中，A类一般考得比较多，考一组，共五题左右。G类一般考得比较少。 这种题型一般比较难，主要表现在： (1)没有顺序性，即题目的顺序与原文的顺序是不一致的。 (2)*题材多样，有的比较偏。作者提出的观点一般比较抽象，不好理解。 (3)*句式复杂。一般句子都比较长，有很多都是复合句、并列复合句、多重复合句，造成大家理解上的困难。 (4)题目中的观点与原文中的对应观点在句子形式上变化较大，造成对应困难。 作者及其观点搭配题种类 1. 搭配题顺序与原文顺序是不一致的，所以定位比较难，需要有快速的阅读速度，具有skimming和scanning的能力。 2. 搭配题本身有分为三种类型：作者及其观点搭配、从属关系搭配、因果关系搭配。 1) 作者及观点搭配
作者的名字是大写专有名词，在*中比较好定位，应在*中找到其位置，理解其理论观点，再从观点的集合中选出与作者理论一致的选项。 2) 从属关系搭配 仔细阅读题目要求，理解选项和题目之间的从属关系。先把题目从头到尾看一遍，尽可能多记些关键词。从头到尾快速阅读原文，遇到所记住的关键词或其对应词，当即解答该题。 3) 因果关系搭配 因果关系题的题目是一些结果或问题，选项是一些原因。这类题一般位于连续的段落里，具有顺序性，要熟读题干，划出关键词，回到原文中定位同义词，而且注意与原因有关的词和短语。 作者及其观点搭配题解题步骤 (1) 在原文中将作者及其观点用线划出。 作者都包含大写字母，有的还有年代，表明是什么时候提出来的观点，所以一般都比较好找。他的观点在他的名字之前或者之后。表述观点一般有两种方法： A. 观点在作者的名字之前; 例如：In terms of time, women perform approximately 90 per cent of child care tasks and 70 per cent of all family work and only
动词替换 做：do=exercise, practice, perform (做法：behavior=exercise, practice, performance) 对…有益处：be good for.=do good to=be beneficial to =be advantageous to=be conducive to 对…有害处：be harmful/bad for=be detrimental to =be disadvantageous to=be pernicious to 集中精力于：focus on=A devote oneself to=dedicate oneself to= commit oneself to =B engage oneself in= employ oneself in 认为：think assert, contend, claim, maintain, note, believe, deem, insist, argue hold the viewpoint that= hold the standpoint that= hold the perspective that harbor an idea/opinion that = embrace a view that Be convinced that = be firmly convinced that = be fully convinced that (观点：viewpoint，standpoint，perspective ) 反对：be against=reject, object, oppose=be opposed to= become hostile to 支持：support=take sides with= side with =advocate=incline towards =lend support to=sing high praise of =in favor of 导致：lead to=trigger=spark=provoke=result in, bring about, contribute to =give rise to, give birth to, be responsible for (归咎于：be ascribed to=be attributed to) 看到（see），读到(read)，学到(learn)=接触到make contact with=have access to=be accessible to =暴露于be exposed to=gain exposure to =获得obtain=attain=acquire 发展(develop)，提高(increase)，改善(improve) =A 及物动词组promote, advance, enhance, reinforce 名词promotion, advancement, enhancement, reinforcement