必修5 Unit1 Great scientists
Part 1. Warming up
1.explain
及物动词（vt.）
解释;说明;阐明[(+to)][+wh-][+(that)]
He explained that he had been cheated. 他解释说他是上当受骗了。
Can you explain how the machine operates?你能解释一下这机器是如何运转的吗?
Please explain this rule to me.请给我讲解一下这条规则。
不及物动词（vi.）解释;说明;辩解
I've got to explain about it. 我得解释一下此事。
2.characteristic
n. 特征；特性Kindness is one of his characteristics.
adj. 独特的I heard my friend’s characteristic laugh.
be characteristic of sb./sth. 是.....的特性
Such bluntness is characteristic of hin. 如此迟钝是他的特性。
3. Who put forward a theory about black holes?
put forward 提出（建议等）；提名;提前，把时钟往前拨
He put forward a new plan. 他提出一个新计划。
May I put your name forward as a possible chairman of the committee?我能否提名你当委员会主席？
[归纳拓展]
put down 记下；镇压put out 关掉；熄灭
put aside 放在一边；储存；保留put off 推迟；延期
put up 建造；举起；张贴put on 穿上
put away 收好
选词填空
（put off, put up, put forward, put aside, put out）
①The plan that you _____ at the meeting is wonderful.
②Many tall buildings were _____ along the road.
③Firefighters have been called to _____ the fire in the city center.
④He has a little money to _____ for a rainy day.
⑤Don’t _____ until tomorrow what can be done today.
Part 2. Pre-reading, reading and comprehending
1. Do you know how to prove a new idea in scientific research
how to prove a new idea 为“疑问词+不定式”结构，该结构可在句中作主语、宾语、表语等。
We haven’t decided where to go. 我们还没有决定去哪里。
The question is when to leave. 问题是什么时候动身。
2.draw a conclusion 得出结论
1）conclusion作名词，意为―结束，结论‖
come to/reach/arrive at a conclusion 得出结论
in conclusion 最后
I will in conclusion say a few words about my visit to Tokyo.最后，我对我的东京之行说几句。2）conclude作动词，―结束；断定；决定‖。
to conclude（作插入语）最后,作为总结(= to sum up)
To conclude, I think smoking does more harm than good to us.
3.John Snow was a famous doctor in London — so expert, indeed, that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician. 约翰·斯诺是伦敦一位著名的医生——他的确医术精湛，以至于成了照料维多利亚女王的私人医生。
expert
①n. 专家，能手an expert in psychology（心理学）an agricultural expert
② adj. 熟练的，有专门技术的
an expert job需专门知识的工作
He is expert in / at cooking.
attend vt. &vi 参加，注意，照料
① be present at参加attend a ceremony / lecture / a meeting
② attend to (on): to look after, care for, serve伺候, 照顾，看护
The queen had a good doctor attending （on ）her.
Dr Smith attended her in hospital.
Mother had to attend to her sick son.
③ attend to处理，注意倾听
Can you attend to the matter immediately?
I may be late – I have got one or two things to attend to.
4. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. 但当他一想到要帮助那些得了霍乱的普通人时，他就感到很振奋。
(1) exposed to cholera 在句中是过去分词作后置定语，表示被动。意为―患霍乱的‖。如：The book written by Luxun is very popular. 鲁迅写的书是很受欢迎的。
The man seen by us yesterday is Professor Smith. 昨天我们看见的那个人是史密斯教授。
(2) expose
①暴露expose sb/sth to sth He exposes his skin to the sun. 他把皮肤暴露在阳光下。
②揭露He exposed their plot. 他揭穿了他们的阴谋。
The crime of the corrupt officials must be exposed without any reserve. 对贪官污吏的罪行一定要毫无保留地予以揭发。
exposed adj. 暴露的，暴露于风雨中的，无掩蔽的exposedness n. 暴露，显露
expose sth. to the light of day 把某事暴露于光天化日之下
expose a fraud 揭穿骗局
练习：The disc, digitally _____ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night.
A. recorded
B. recording
C. to be recorded
D. having recorded
5.Neither its cause nor its cure was understood. 对于它的起因和治疗方法人们都不清楚。neither...nor...既不……也不，连接句中两个相同成分。
①I neither knew nor cared what had happened to him.我既不知道也不关心他出了什么事。
②Neither France nor Britain will attend the meeting next week.法国和英国都将不会参加下
星期的会议。
③Neither Jim nor his parents have seen the film.
＝Neither his parents nor Jim has seen the film.吉姆和她的父母都没有看过这部电影。
cure vt. 治疗,治愈,改正n. 治疗,治愈,治疗法
①cure sb（of sth）治好了某人（的...,...)
The only way to cure backache is to rest. 治疗背痛的唯一办法是休息。
When I left the hospital I was completely cured.
That nasty shock cured him of his inquisitiveness for ever. 那一沉重教训根除了他凡事爱打听的毛病。
This illness cannot be cured easily. 这种病不好治.
②a cure for sth.治疗…的方法;解决问题，改善困境
Is there a certain cure for cancer yet? 癌症迄今有无有效的治疗方法?
The prices are going up every day, but there is no cure for rising prices.
6.So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.人们既不知道它的病因，也不懂如何治疗。每次爆发霍乱时就有成千上万惊恐的人病死。
(1)本句为复合句，―So many thousands of terrified people died‖ 为主句，every time引导时
间状语从句，意思是―每当……‖。
(2)有些名词短语或副词可以起连词的作用，引导时间状语从句。例如：every time，each
time，the last time，next time，the moment，the minute，immediately，instantly等。
①Every time/Each time I express an opinion，she argues back.每当我发表意见时，她总是
反驳。
②I found myself in an entirely new world the moment/the minute/immediately I arrived here.
我一到这里就感到耳目一新。
③The last time I saw him，he was quite well.我最后一次看到他时，他还相当健康。
④Give your father my best regards next time you see him.下次你见到你父亲时，请代我向
他致以最好的问候。
[拓展延伸]
(1)for the first time是介词短语，常用作时间状语，而the first time是连词，引导时间状
语从句。
(2)It is the first time that...如果前面用is，从句动词用现在完成时；如果前面用was，则从
句动词用过去完成时.
(3)It’s (high) time that...从句动词用过去时或should＋动词原形。
It’s high time we took immediate action to prevent pollution.该到我们立即采取措施阻止污染的时候了。
7.The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air, a cloud of dangerous gas floated around until it found its victims.第一种看法是霍乱病毒在空气中繁殖，像一股危险气体在空中到处漂浮，直到找到病毒的受害人。
suggest v. 建议；暗示；表明suggest+doing / sth. / that sb. (should) do sth.
May suggested a picnic at the weekend.
He suggested to us a visit to the Great Wall.
He suggested us visiting the Great Wall.
I suggested leaving early for the airport.
He suggested that we (should) visit the Great Wall.
She suggested that her father (should) give up smoking.
*suggest (暗示，表明)+从句不用虚拟语气。
The smile on her face suggested that she agreed with me.
The look on his face suggested that he was happy.
8..The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.第二种看法是人们是在吃饭时把这种病毒引入体内的。
absorb vt.(1)专注，聚精会神
be absorbed in＝put one’s heart into集中精力做某事
I was absorbed in a book and didn’t hear your call. 我正专心看书，没听到你的电话。Absorbed in his work，Tom simply forgot food and sleep.汤姆专心工作，几乎忘记了吃饭和睡觉。
（2）吸收，把……吸收入（absorb...into...）
Black cloth absorbs light.黑布吸收光线。
The big company has gradually absorbed these small companies into its own organization.这家大公司逐渐将这些小公司吞并了。
The clever boy absorbed all the knowledge his teacher could give him.那个聪明的男孩把他老师所能教他的所有知识都理解了。
9.John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed evidence.约翰·斯诺推测第二种说法是正确的，但需要有证据。
suspect vt. 认为，怀疑
常用短语：suspect sth to be; suspect sb of doing sth.
They suspect him to be the murderer.(他们怀疑他是凶手)
She suspected him of taking her money.
n. 嫌疑犯;可疑分子[C]
10 .....,the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.
severe adj. 严厉地；苛刻的；严格的
be severe with/on 对....严格/严厉You are too severe on the boy.
剧痛的；剧烈的；严重的a severe attack of toothache 牙痛的剧烈发作
adv. severely
11.Next, John Snow looked into the source of the water for these two streets. 接下来，约翰·斯诺调查了这两条街上的水源。
look into调查，了解，研究；朝……里面看
与one’s face/eyes等连用，表示“注视”
He looks into her face with great interest. 他饶有兴趣地注视着她的脸。
和look组成的其他短语
look around/about环顾四周look after照顾；照料
look back回头看look back on 回顾；回想
look down upon 轻视，瞧不起look for 寻求；寻找
look forward to (doing) 盼望look on旁观
look on/upon...as把……看作look out往外看；注意；当心
look through浏览look up抬头看；查看
look up to sb. 尊敬/仰慕某人
12. It seemed that the water was to blame.看来要归罪于饮用水了。
blame v. 责备；谴责；把……归咎于n. 过失；责备;(过失、过错等)责任
①blame sb. for sth. / doing sth.为某事责备某人/ 责备某人做了某事
They blamed the secretary for the delay of the plan.
②blame sth. on sb. / sth. 把某事归咎于某人;因某事而指责某人
The police blamed the traffic accident on jack’s careless driving.
③be to blame for(doing)sth．因(做)某事某人应该受到谴责；注意:be to blame应受责备
（主动表被动）；应负责任
The driver was not to blame for the traffic accident.
④accept / bear / take the blame for sth. 对某事负责任
He is ready to take the blame for what had happened.
⑤put / lay the blame for sth. on sb. 将某事归咎于某人
13.In another part of London, he found supporting evidence from two other deaths that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak.在伦敦的另一地区，他从另外两例与布洛德街疾病爆发有关的死亡病例中得到了有力的证据。
link vt. 连接；联系n. 环；连接；联系；纽带
14.A woman, who had moved away from Broad Street, liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.一个妇女，从布洛德街搬走了，但她非常喜欢水泵的水，她让人每天从水泵给她家送水。
15. With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the virus.利用这个额外证据，约翰·斯诺就可以很有把握地宣布污染水携带病菌。
announce vt.
(1)宣布，宣告(决定、计划等)
announce sth.(to sb.)(向某人)宣布、通告某事
announce that...宣布……；通知……It is announced that...据宣布…
Please announce to your class that there will be no school tomorrow.请通知你们班明天不上学。
It has been officially announced that he will pay a second visit to China soon.据官方消息称，他不久将再次来中国访问。
(2)(事情)显示……；预告
The bright flowers announced that spring was here.鲜艳的花朵显示春天已经来到。
[拓展延伸]announcement n．宣布；口头通知announcer n.播音员
make an announcement下通知
16.To prevent this from happening again, John Snow suggest ed that the source of all the water supplies be examined. 为防止这种情况再度发生，约翰·斯诺建议，所有水源都要经过检测。
prevent/stop...(from) doing sth. 或keep...from doing sth.意为―阻止……做某事‖
①What can we do to prevent the disease spreading.我们能做什么来防止这种疾病蔓延呢？
②We should take measures to prevent the river from being polluted further.我们应该采取措
施阻止这条河受到进一步的污染。
examine v. 检查；细查；诊察; 审问；盘问
The doctor examined the boy and found there was nothing the matter with him.
The lawyer examined the witness.
examination n. 考试；检查；细查
take an examination 参加考试medical examination 体检
under examination 在检查中；在审查中
17. Finally “King Cholera”was defeated.―霍乱王‖终于被击败了。
[辨析]win, beat与defeat
win ―赢得‖赛事、战事、某物；beat ―战胜‖―击败‖比赛中的对手，可与defeat互换
We beat / defeated their team by 10 scores.
They won the battle but lost many men.
The local ball team won the state championship by beating / defeating all the other teams.
Part 3. Learning about Language
1.take in 收留；包括
take相关短语：
take after 相似
take apart把(小型机器、钟表等)拆开;拆散
take away 拿走
take back承认说错了(话),收回(诺言,话语)；使回忆起；送回,还回去;退(货)
take off 脱下,脱去(尤指衣服); 解(拿)掉 --put on (反义词)；(飞机等)升空,起飞
take on雇用；开始具有/ 呈现(某种品质、面貌等); 露出；接受(工作等);承担(责任等) take out带(某人)去(某处参加社交活动等)；正式取得,领得,获得；洗去(污迹),使褪色take over 接手,接任;接管
take up开始花时间从事(某项活动);对……产生兴趣; 开始学习(某课程),选修；(事物或事件)占用了(时间或空间)；接受……的建议；继续
take …for granted 想当然认为(会是某种情况),认为……是理所当然的;认为没有问题
take …for instance / example 以……为例
take …into account / consideration 考虑到,把……考虑进去
take pride in / be proud of 为……感到自豪/ 骄傲
take revenge on 向….报复
take one's place 代替某人
take the opportunity 利用这个机会
take turns 轮流(做某事)
2. construction n.建设；建筑业；建造
He works in construction industry. 他在建筑行业工作。
There are two new hotels under construction. 有两家新饭店正在兴建。
词组扩展：construction workers 建筑工人
under construction 正在建设中
3.apart from有两种含义：
1）相当于besides.意为“除……以外（还包括）”
Apart from my mother tongue, I speak several foreign languages as well.
除了母语外，我还会讲好几种外语。
2）相当于except.意为“除……以外（不包括）”
I like all the subjects apart from English.除了英语外，我喜欢所有学科。
过去分词作定语
1)语法功能
过去分词或过去分词短语作定语时，其功能相当于一个定语从句。被修饰的词是分词所表示的行为的承受者；在逻辑上，它们是动宾关系。
The stolen bike belongs to Jack. The bike which was stolen belongs to Jack.
The lecture given by Professor Zhang is about environment protection.
The lecture which was given by Professor Zhang is about the environment protection.
a.单个的过去分词作定语时，位于它所修饰的名词或代词前面
the affected people受感染的人 a broken heart一颗破碎的心
a lost dog丧家之犬 a broken glass被打破的玻璃杯
Attention：过去分词修饰something, everything, anything, nothing, somebody, nobody，those 等
不定代词时，要放在这些词后面。
Is there anything unsolved?
There is noting changed here since I left this town.
b. 过去分词短语作定语：通常后置，其作用相当于定语从句。
people exposed to cholera= people who was exposed to cholera
the book recommended by Jack= the book which was recommended by Jack
the machines produced last year= the machines which were produced last year
c. 不及物动词的过去分词作定语时不表被动，只表完成。
a risen sun已升起的太阳the gone days 逝去的时光
fallen leaves 落叶
2）现在分词与过去分词作定语的区别：
现在分词作定语，表示正在进行的动作；过去分词作定语，所表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生，(或者没有一定的时间性)。
The letter posted yesterday will soon reach him.
Have you read the book recommended by your teacher?这是你老师推荐的书吗？
对比：
the changing world（正在变化的）the changed world（变化了的）
boiling water（正在沸腾的）boiled water（已经沸腾过的）
fading flowers(正在凋谢的) faded flowers（已经凋谢的）
a developing country(发展中的) a developed country（发达的）
a drowning man快要淹死的人 a drowned man已经淹死的人
falling leaves正在飘落的树叶fallen leaves落叶
a retired worker退休工人an escaped prisoner逃犯
3）及物动词的过去分词(done)与现在分词的被动式
(being done)都可以表示―被动‖，但前者多表示一个完成了的动作，而后者则表示一个正在进行的动作.
the problem discussed yesterday
the problem being discussed
过去分词做表语
1 过去分词（短语）作表语时，其作用相当于adj.,说明的是主语的状态
All the windows are broken.
All hope is gone.
He looked worried after reading the letter.
常见作表语的过去分词有：disappointed, drunk, amused, frightened, married, excited, experienced, interested, confused, pleased, puzzled, satisfied, tired, worried,gone, dressed, lost等。
注意
过去分词作表语时和动词的被动语态结构相似，但两者表达的意思明显不同，前者说明主语的特点及所处的状态，而后者强调被动的动作。
My glasses are broken.我的眼镜碎了。(状态）
My glasses were broken by my son.我的眼镜被我儿子摔碎了。（动作）
1. The disc, digitally ______ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night.
A. recorded
B. recording
C. to be recorded
D. having recorded
2. Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, ____ as 3M.
A. knowing
B. known
C. being known
D. to be known
3. Most of the artists _____ to the party were from South Africa.
A. invited
B. to invite
C. being invited
D. had been invited
4. As soon as she entered the room, the girl caught sight of the flowers ____ by
her mother.
A.buying
B. being bought
C. were bought
D. bought
5. Don’t use words, expressions or phrases _____ only to people with specific knowledge.
A.being known
B. having been known
C. to be known
D. known
6. The computer center,_____ last year, is very popular among the students in this school.
A. open
B. opening
C. having opened
D. opened
7. Cleaning women in big cities get _____ by the hour.
A.pay
B. paying
C. paid
D. to pay
8. As we joined the big crowd I got _____ from my friends.
A.separated
B. spared
C. lost
D. missed
9. The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain ___ as the plane was making a landing.
A.seat
B. seating
C. seated
D. to be seating
10. Sarah, hurry up. I’m afraid you can’t have time to _____ before the party.
A.get changed
B. get change
C. get changing
D. get to change
Part 4. Using Language
1.Although he had tried to ignore them, all his mathematical calculations led to the same conclusion.....虽然他曾经试着不去理睬那些数据，然而他所有的数字计算都得出了一个相同的结论
lead to 导致，通向
His carelessness led to the accident.他的粗心导致了这场事故。
All roads lead to Rome.条条大路通罗马。
该短语中to为介词。类似的短语还有：
be used to stick to look forward to devote onesele to pay attentio to
2.Only if you put the sun there did the movementof the other plants in the sky make sense..只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。
1）句中only 修饰if引导的状语从句，放在句首时，后面的主句要用倒装。only位于句首，其后接副词或介词短语时，句子的主谓也要部分倒装。
Only then did I realize my mistake.只有到那时我才意识到我的错误。
Only in this way can you solve the problem.
2）make sense 讲得通；有道理；有意义
Here, read the sentence. It doesn’t seem to make sense.在这里，读这个句子，好像一点也讲不通。Your story doesn’t make sense to me.你的故事对我没有意义。
3.Yet he could not tell anyone about his theory as the powerful Christian Church would have punished him for even suggesting such an idea. 然而他的这个理论不能告诉任何人，因为即使他只暗示有这种想法，他都会受到强大的基督教会势力的惩罚。
would have done表示与过去事实相反的假设
If I had seen the advertisement, I would have applied for the job.我要是看见那个广告，我就申请那份工作了。
虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法:
if条件句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式
与现在事实相反动词过去式/were would/should/could/m
ight+动词原形
与过去事实相反had+过去分词would/should/could/m
ight+had+过去分词
与将来事实相反动词过去式或
should+动词原形
were to+动词原形would/should/could/m ight+动词原形
If I were you, I would go and try.
If I had enough money, I would buy a car.
She would have come if we had invited her.
If it should rain/rained tomorrow, I should stay at home.
4.His friends were enthusiastic and encouraged him to publish the ideas, but Copernicus was cautious.他的朋友都热情地鼓励他把他的想法公之于众，而他却小心谨慎。
1) enthusiastic 热心的，满腔热情地v. enthuse 热心n. enthusiasm 狂热，热心，积极性
enthusiast 热心者，热情的人adv. enthusiastically 热心地，狂热地
2) be enthusiastic about/over...对。。。热情
She’s very enthusiastic about singing. 她对唱歌很有热情。
be cautious about/of sb.(sth.)对。。。小心谨慎
https://www.doczj.com/doc/7b4974074.html,plete adj.结束的；完成的；完整的v.使完美；使完整；完成
I need one moer stamp to complete my collection.我所收集的邮票还差一张才成整套。
When will work be completed on the new road?新道路的工程何时完成？
6.reject v.拒绝；不接受；丢弃
He rejected their invitation point-blank.他直截了当地拒绝了他们的邀请。
Choose the good apples and reject the bad ones.挑好的苹果，把坏的扔掉。
7.base sth. on 把...基于
The story is based on facts.这个故事是有事实根据的。
We should base our theory on facts. 我们的理论应以事实为依据。
basis. 基础；基本basically adv.基本上basic adj. 基本的
Unit 1 Friendship 1. 合计_____________________________________; 3. 不得不；必须______________________________; 5. 遛狗_____________________________________; 7. 记下；放下________________________________; 9. 故意_____________________________________; 11. 在黄昏时刻______________________________; 13. 不再…___________________________________; 15. 从…中恢复过来___________________________; 17. 将…装箱打包_____________________________; 19. 相爱；爱上_______________________________; 21. 参加；加入_______________________________; 23. 松开了__________________________________; 25. 付钱；付款；买单__________________________; 27. 对(某人)重要_____________________________; 29. 笑话；取笑（某人）_________________________; 31. 在日记中________________________________; 33. 对…着迷；迷恋____________________________; 35. 深蓝色的天空____________________________; 37. 太多____________________________________; 39. 在楼上__________________________________; 41. 肮脏的窗帘______________________________; 43. 记日记；写日记___________________________; 45. 绑起来__________________________________; 47. 在公路上________________________________; 49. 说…的闲话；______________________________; 51. 与…交朋友_______________________________; 53. 给…一些建议_____________________________; 55. 过去的事件______________________________; 57. 试一试；尝试一下_________________________; 59. settle____________________________________; 2. 使…镇静下来______________________________; 4. 关心；挂念________________________________; 6. 经历；经受________________________________; 8. 一连串的；一系列的_______________________; 10. 为了____________________________________; 12. 面对面地________________________________; 14. 遭受…___________________________________; 16. 对…厌烦_________________________________; 18. 与…相处；进展____________________________; 20. 对（某人）表示感激________________________; 22. 度假____________________________________; 24. 被车撞了________________________________; 26. 考试作弊________________________________; 28. 最深的感受______________________________; 30. 在二战中________________________________; 32. 在藏身之处______________________________; 34. 与自然有关______________________________; 36. 保持醒着________________________________; 38. 碰巧____________________________________; 40. 下楼____________________________________; 42. 积满灰尘的窗子__________________________; 44. 列一个单，列出___________________________; 46. 没注意到________________________________; 48. 与…有麻烦；有矛盾________________________; 50. 与人交流________________________________; 52. 改变这种状况____________________________; 54. 喜欢与不喜欢的事情______________________; 56. 表达你的感受与想法______________________; 58. concern__________________________________; 60. tip______________________________________;
Unit 1 1.what do you know about great scientists? 2.high expectations are the key to everything 远 大的理想是开启万物的钥匙 3.face the music 面对命运对你的不公平 4.be absorbed in全神贯注于, 专心致志于 be lost in thought想得出神沉思于… be engaged in 从事于…忙于 be concentrated on 集中注意力… 5.一…就… The moment…瞬间 instant 立刻 the minute second 片刻 6.make a suggestion give an advice make the investigation 7.look into 调查看浏览 8.slow down 减缓 9.relate to 有关涉及 10.two athe deaths 另外两个死者 11.link to 有关联系 12.die out 灭绝 die of 死于 die from死于 13.his career came to an end 他的事业结束了14.develop a severe illness 染上很严重的疾病 15.make a new career 创立新的事业 16.apart from 除了… 17.two more example =another two另外两个 18.make a face 做鬼脸 make one’s way to 转向向…出发，朝…走去 make up one’s mind下定决心 make friends make the bed make sure确定 make room for为..腾空间 19.lead to 领导 20.only 修饰主语不倒装 状语要倒装 If only 但愿要是 Only if只有.. 要到装 Eg.: only if you use this way ,can you … 21.make sense 有意义讲得通 in a sense 有点.. make sense of 搞清楚弄明白 in no sense 绝不；不可能 22. at times 时不时有时 At a time 每一次 From time to time 时而不时的 At one time 曾经一度 For the time being 暂时 Ahead of time 提前 All the time 一直 At all times总是随时 At any time 无论何时 At no time 决不 Out of time 不合时宜的 23.suspect sb of do sth怀疑某人做某事 24.look into 调查 25.look ahead 向前看展望未来 26.look around for 参观四处看看 27. look away from 把目光…从移开 28.look back (at) 回顾回忆 29.look out (for) 留心当心 30.look up to 尊敬钦佩 31.look though 检查浏览 32.go down 下降 33.slow down 慢下来放慢速度 33.knock down 击倒 34.tear down 拆毁拆除 Unit 2 1.keep your eyes open 睁大你的眼睛 2.consist of由…组成 3.leave out省去不考虑遗漏 4.divide into 分成 https://www.doczj.com/doc/7b4974074.html,pare A with B 与…比
按住Ctrl键单击鼠标打开配套教学视频名师讲课播放 必修5 Unit 1 JOHH SHOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA” John Snow was a famous doctor in London - so expert, indeed, that he attend ed Queen Victoria as her personal physician. But he became inspired when he tho ught about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. This was the deadly dise ase of its day. Neither its cause nor its cure was understood. So many thousand s of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. John Snow wanted t o face the challenge and solve this problem. He knew that cholera would never b e controlled until its cause was found. He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera ki lled people. The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air. A cloud of dangerous gas floated around until it found its victims. The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals. From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person die d. John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed eviden ce. So when another outbreak hit London in 1854, he was ready to begin his enqu iry. As the disease spread quickly through poor neighbourhoods, he began to gat her information. In two particular streets, the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. He was determined to find out why. First he marked on a map the exact places where all the dead people had liv ed. This gave him a valuable clue about the cause of the disease. Many of the d eaths were near the water pump in Broad Street (especially numbers 16, 37, 38 a nd 40). He also noticed that some houses (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths. He had not foreseen this, so he made further investigations. He discovered that these people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street. They had been given free beer and so had not drunk the water from the pump. It seemed that the water was to blame. Next, John Snow looked into the source of the water for these two streets. He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London. H e immediately told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle f rom the pump so that it could not be used. Soon afterwards the disease slowed d own. He had shown that cholera was spread by germs and not in a cloud of gas. In another part of London, he found supporting evidence from two other deat hs that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak. A woman, who had moved away f rom Broad Street, liked the water from the pump so much that she had it deliver ed to her house every day. Both she and her daughter died of cholera after drin king the water. With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with ce rtainty that polluted water carried the virus.
UNIT 1 Anne’s best friend 你是不是想有一位无话不谈能推心置腹的朋友呢？或者你是不是担 心你的朋友会嘲笑你，会不理解你目前的困境呢？ 安妮弗兰克想要的是第一种类型的朋友，于是她就把日记当成了她 最好的朋友。安妮在第二次世界大战期间住在荷兰的阿姆斯特丹。她一 家人都是犹太人，所以他们不得不躲藏起来，否则他们就会被德国纳粹 抓去。她和她的家人躲藏了二十五个月之后才被发现。在这段时间里， 她唯一的忠实朋友就是她的日记了。她说，“我不愿像大多数人那样在 日记中记流水账。我要把这本日记当作我的朋友，我要把我这个朋友称 作基蒂”。 安妮从1942年七月起就躲藏在那里了，现在来看看他当时 的心情吧。 1944年6月15日，星期四 亲爱的基蒂： 我不知道这是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故，我变得对一 切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。我记得非常清楚，以前，湛 蓝的天空、鸟儿的歌唱、月光和鲜花，从未令我心迷神往过。自 从我来到这里，这一切都变了。 …比方说，有天晚上天气很暖和，我熬到 11点半故意不睡 觉，为的是独自好好看看月亮。但是因为月光太亮了，我不敢打 开窗户。还有一次，就在五个月以前的一个晚上，我碰巧在楼 上，窗户是开着的。我一直等到非关窗不可的时候才下楼去。漆 黑的夜晚，风吹雨打，雷电交加，我全然被这种力量镇住了。这 是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚… 不幸的是……我只能透过那满是灰尘的窗帘下那脏兮兮的窗 户看看大自然。只能隔着窗户看那大自然实在没意思，因为大自 然是需要真正体验的东西。 Using Language 亲爱的王小姐： 现在我同班上的同学有些麻烦事。我跟我们班里的一位男同学一直相处的很好。我们常常一起做家庭作业，而且很乐意互相帮助。我们成了真正好朋友。可是，其他同学却在背后议论起来，他们说我和这位男同学在谈恋爱，这使我很生气。我不想中断这段友谊，但是，我又讨厌人家背后说闲话。我该怎么办呢？
必修5 Unit1 Great scientists 1.explain（vt.）解释;说明;阐明 sth. to sb. Please explain this rule to me. explain + that从句He explained that he had been cheated. +wh- Can you explain how the machine operates? 2.characteristic n. 特征；特性 e.g. Kindness is one of his characteristics. adj.独特的 e.g. I heard my friend’s characteristic laugh. 短语：be characteristic of sb./sth. 是.....的特性 e.g. Such bluntness is characteristic of him. 3. put forward 提出（建议等）；提名; 提前，把时钟往前拨 e.g. He put forward a new plan. [归纳拓展] put down 记下；镇压put out 关掉；熄灭put on 穿上 put away 收好put aside 放在一边；储存；保留put off 推迟；延期 put up 建造；举起；张贴 选词填空（put off, put up, put forward, put aside, put out） ①The plan that you _____ at the meeting is wonderful. ②Many tall buildings were _____ along the road. ③Firefighters have been called to _____ the fire in the city center. ④He has a little money to _____ for a rainy day. ⑤Don’t _____ until tomorrow wha t can be done today. 2.draw a conclusion得出结论 1）conclusion作名词，意为―结束，结论 短语：come to/reach/arrive at a conclusion 得出结论 in conclusion 最后 e.g. I will in conclusion say a few words about my visit to Tokyo. 2）conclude作动词，―结束；断定；决定 to conclude（作插入语）最后,作为总结(= to sum up) e.g. To conclude, I think smoking does more harm than good to us. 4. expert 1）n.专家，能手 an expert in psychology（心理学）an agricultural expert 2）adj.熟练的，有专门技术的 be expert in/at sth 精通…… doing sth. an expert job需要专门知识的工作 e.g. He is expert in / at cooking. 5.attend vt. & vi. 参加，注意，照料 1）attend a ceremony / lecture / a meeting 2）attend to (on)伺候, 照顾，看护 e.g. Mother had to attend to her sick son. 3）attend to处理，注意倾听 e.g. Can you attend to the matter immediately? 4. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. 1）暴露expose sb/ sth to sth e.g. He exposes his skin to the sun. 2）揭露 e.g.He
按住Ctrl键单击鼠标打开配套教学视频名师讲课播放必修5 Unit 1 JOHH SHOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA” John Snow was a famous doctor in London - so expert, indeed, that he attend ed Queen Victoria as her personal physician. But he became inspired when he tho ught about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. This was the deadly diseas e of its day. Neither its cause nor its cure was understood. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. John Snow wanted to face the challenge and solve this problem. He knew that cholera would never be contr olled until its cause was found. He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera kille d people. The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air. A cloud of dangero us gas floated around until it found its victims. The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals. From the stomach the dis ease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person died. John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed evide nce. So when another outbreak hit London in 1854, he was ready to begin his en quiry. As the disease spread quickly through poor neighbourhoods, he began to gat her information. In two particular streets, the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. He was determined to find out why. First he marked on a map the exact places where all the dead people had liv ed. This gave him a valuable clue about the cause of the disease. Many of the de aths were near the water pump in Broad Street (especially numbers 16, 37, 38 an d 40). He also noticed that some houses (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths. He had not foreseen this, so he mad e further investigations. He discovered that these people worked in the pub at 7 C ambridge Street. They had been given free beer and so had not drunk the water f rom the pump. It seemed that the water was to blame. Next, John Snow looked into the source of the water for these two streets. He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London. He imm ediately told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle from the pump so that it could not be used. Soon afterwards the disease slowed down. He had shown that cholera was spread by germs and not in a cloud of gas. In another part of London, he found supporting evidence from two other deaths that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak. A woman, who had moved away fr om Broad Street, liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. Both she and her daughter died of cholera after drinking the water. With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certaint y that polluted water carried the virus. To prevent this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source o f all the water supplies be examined. The water companies were instructed not to expose people to polluted water any more. Finally "King Cholera" was defeated. COPERNICUS’ REVOLUTIONRRY THEORY
Teaching Plan Unit1 Friendship 教材人教版高中英语必修一 试讲者李瑶单位新疆师范大学 适用年级高中一年级单元第一单元 课题Anne’s Best Friend 课时共五课时，第二课时 （ Reading） 一．教材分析 Analysis of the Teaching Materials This unit is the first unit of the senior English studying which talks about friendship.As for the students, at the beginning of senior school life, making new friends is one of important things for them now,so the topic of this unit is appropriate at the present time. It can easily stimulate students’interests in English learning and help students think how to choose friends and the meaning of the friendship. The reading passage is the center of the unit. It mainly talks about the Anna , a Jewish girl , during the world war II, regarded the diary as her best friend to express her happiness, sorrow and missing to her hometown. 二．学情分析 Analysis of the Students As the students, grade1of senior high school,they have the basic abilities of listening,speaking,reading and writing,but they still need more chances to practice what they have learnt and improve their ability of communicating with others and expressing their ideas fluently and accurately. Meanwhile,it is also necessary to develop their autonomous learning ability and cooperative learning ability, as well cultivate the awareness of cultural differences. 三. 教学目标 Teaching Aims 1.Knowledge Objectives 1.Get students to know the main content of this article. 2.Learn about the formats of a diary. 2.Ability Objectives 1.Develop their reading ability and learn to use some reading strategies such as guessing, key sentences, skimming and so on. 2.Summarize different paragraphs. 3.Emotion Objectives
人教版高中英语必修五知识点详解 Units 1-2 1. doubt doubt是高考中的高频考查词汇。doubt可作动词和名词，是新课标重点词汇。其命题角度为：①作动词时， 若为肯定句，后跟宾语从句,通常用if/whether引导，若为否定句，则通常用that引导。 ②doubt作名词时，通常用于There is no doubt that ...(毫无疑问）结构。2010年高考对doubt的考查还将集中 在其后跟从句时连接词的选择上，也有可能将doubt与其他动词或名词放在一起进行词义辨析。 2. expose expose是新课标要求掌握的单词，应重点掌握它的义项及常见用法，特别是be exposed to 句式，其中to为介词，后跟名词、代词和动名词；同时注意exposed to作后置定语和用于句首作状语的用法。另外，being exposed to结构用动名词形式作主语也是重点和难点，极易考查。 预测2010年命题方向为exposed to 作状语和定语的用法。 3. absorb absorb是新课标重点单词，重点掌握其“吸收（液体，热）；吸收，理解（知识）”的词义及其be absorbed in(全神贯注于……)的用法，易考点为该短语位于句首作状语和作后置定语两点，考生应能掌握be absorbed by(为某事物所吸引)；还应联系be engaged in, be devoted to, be involved in和be lost in等常见重点近义短语。 4. apart from apart from是常见介词短语，意为“除……之外”，考生应熟练掌握近义的词和短语：except, besides, in addition (to), other than, except for, except that, except when等。预测2010年高考会在单项填空题中直接考查或者会出现 在阅读理解题中。 5. available available是新课标重点单词，在近几年高考和各地的模拟考试中出现的频率极高，主要考点为：①词义(可得到的，可用的)。命题形式常为形容词词义辨析，如区分accessible, acceptable, sensible, favourite, average, convenient 等。②用法。be available to意为“可利用的”，be available for意为“使……可以享受某物;使……买得起某物”, 要了解二者的区别。 预测2010年高考命题会以考查词义或者形容词短语作后置定语为命题方向。 6. consist of consist of是近几年高考高频考查短语。①理解其词义“组成，构成”。②考查与其他近义词组的用法异同点。 如be made up of, be composed of, constitute, be formed of 等。考生要特别注意consist of要用主动形式表达， 不用系表结构。预测这一考点将成为2010年高考考查的重点，特别是用consisting of 作后置定语。 7. break down 由break构成的动词短语是历年高考命题的重点。考生必须明确break down的几个常见义项，根据不同的语 境加以判断。break down，break up, break off, break away, break in等，都要求考生熟知它们的常见义项，因为 命题时可能会对该短语直接考查，也可在短文中考查对其意义的理解。 8. only+状语（状语从句）位于句首构成部分倒装 这是考生必须熟练掌握的句式之一，以往的高考题中已多次考查到。倒装句式有多种情况，该句式为日常交 际中较常见的一种。特别提示：only只有强调状语或者状语从句才构成部分倒装，强调主语或宾语不用倒装。 预测该句式是2010年高考命题考查的重点。 重要词汇拓展 Unit 1 Great scientists 1. ____ n. 特征；特性 2. _____ vt.&vi. 结束；推断出→______ n. 结论 3. _____ vt. 打败；战胜；使受挫 4. ______ vt. 参加；出席；照顾；护理→_____ n. 参加；出席；侍从；看护 5. _____ vt. 暴露；揭露；使曝光→_____ n. 暴露；揭穿；揭发 6. _____ vt.& n. 治愈；痊愈→______adj.可治愈的 ______ vt.& n. 控制；支配 8. _____ vt. 吸收；吸引；使专心→______adj. 被吸收的；全神贯注的 9. _____ adj. 严重的；严厉的；剧烈的 characteristic 2. conclude；conclusion 3. defeat 4. attend；attendance 5. expose；exposure 6. cure；curable 7. control 8. absorb；absorbed 9. severe 10. _____ vt. 宣布；通告→______n. 宣布；宣告；通知 11. ______ vt. 命令；指示；教导→_____ adj.有教育意义的；有指导意义的→_____n.指导；指示；指令→_____ n. 教师；讲师；指导员 12. _____ vt.&vi. 捐献；贡献；捐助→______n.贡献；奉献 13. _____ adj. 有创造力的；创造性的；独创的→______n.创造；创作 14. _____ adj. 热情的；热心的→______ n. 热心；热情
1. scientist science scientific 2. know about 了解 know of 听说过 3. find/ find out/ discover/ invent 4. explain sth. to sb 5. be characteristic of sb/ sth 6. pass sth from…从…处传来, 传下 pass by 路过, 经过… pass down 把…传下去 pass on 传递, 传授 7. the way of doing sth = the way to do 做某事的方法 8. put forward 提出建议，推荐某人或者自己任职，提名；时钟往前拨 9. by the way 顺便说 by way of …通过…的方法 lose one’s way 迷路 no way 没门，别想 feel one’s way 摸索着走谨慎从事 on one’s way to…在去……的路上 in this way=by this means =with this method用这种方法 10. put away 抛弃;舍弃 put down 写下来; 记入名单 put on 穿上; 戴上; 增加 put off 耽误; 延期 put out 熄灭(灯); 扑灭(火) put up 建立; 建造 put up with…忍受… 11. arrive at / come to / draw / reach a conclusion 12. win / beat /defeat win “赢得, 获胜”, 后接奖品, 奖金, 名誉, 财产 beat “击败, 战胜”, 后接竞争队伍或者对手, 敌人 defeat “击败，战胜”, 后接竞争队伍或者 对手, 敌人, (此用法同beat), 疾病等。 expert at/in sth 某方面的专家 14. attend 注意；照看，照顾；参加 attendance n. 照顾, 出席 attend school 上学 attend a lecture 听讲座attend a wedding 出席婚礼 15. attend to 处理, 办理I have some important things to attend to. 照顾, 照料; Are you being attended to 先生, 有人接待你吗 专心, 注意If you don’t attend to the teacher, you’ll never learn anything. 16. expose A to B 使A 暴露于B A be exposed to B A 暴露于B 17. die (v.) dead (adj.) death (n.) deadly adj. 致命的 18. deadly adv. (1)very 极度; 非常; 十分 deadly serious 十分认真 (2)like death 死一般地 deadly pale 死一般苍白 19. every time 每当每次（连词连接句子）注意: immediately, the moment, directly, instantly 等与every time一样, 都可以 用作连词引导时间状语从句, 意为“一…..就”。 20. absorb…..into 吸收，理解接受，吞并be absorbed in …被…吸引; 专心于; 全神贯注于某事 21. suggest doing sth 建议做某事 suggest that 建议should + V 暗示该使用什么时态用什么 22. severe 严厉的; 苛刻的; 严格的. 剧痛的, 剧烈的, 严重的, 难熬的 be severe with/on sth 对……严格。 23. be to blame 应该受到责备 blame sb for sth 因……责备某人 blame sth on sb 把sth 归咎于某人 24. look into 向里看；调查，了解 25. suspect sth 怀疑某事 suspect sb of doing sth 怀疑某人做某事 suspect that 从句 26. look on 观看, 面向, 旁观, 看待look out 面朝, 留神, 照料 look over 从上面看, 察看, 检查look around 环顾, 观光, 察看