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精选--小学最全英语语法汇总.docx

精选--小学最全英语语法汇总.docx
精选--小学最全英语语法汇总.docx

小学最全英语语法汇总

一、

1.一般在

(1)表示常生的作或事情,通常用“usually 通常 , often 常常 , every ?每? , sometimes 有, always 是 , ”等。

(2)基本构:

I / You / We / He / She / It

They

肯定句原形第三人称数形式

否定句don’t +原doesn’t +原

一般疑(Yes/No)句 Do?

do.

Yes, I Does ? ( 原形 No,she

doesn ’t.

)?

特殊疑句What do ?How does she ? (原

形) ?

(3)第三人称数形式(同名数成复数方法相同)

1一般情况+s如:walk-walks

2. 辅音字母 +y 结尾去y +ies f ly-flies

3. 结尾是 s, x,sh, ch+es watch-watches

4.do-does,have-has,

特殊的

go-goes

2.现在进行时 ,

(1)表示正在发生的动作,通常用“ now现在 , look 看, linsen 听” .

(2)基本形式: be + 动词 ing eg:

I am(not) doing my homework.

You/We/They are(not) reading.

He/She/It is(not) eating.

What are you doing

Is he reading

(3)动词的现在分词形式(动词 +ing )

一般情况+ing walk —walking

结尾是不发音的 e -e+ come—coming

ing

重音双写最 run-running

后一个

swim-swimming

字母

+ing

3.一般去

(1)表示去已生的事情, 通常用“last?上

一个? , just now才, a moment ago才,yesterday昨天”等。

(2) be 的去式 : am/is —was are —were

(3)去式基本构

肯定(Positive 句去式

I went shopping

night.

last

否定(Negative)句 Didn’t + 原形I didn ’t

last night.

go shopping

一般疑句Did (Yes/No)形??+原 Did you go

shopping last night

特殊疑句What did? +What did you do last

(wh-)原形?night

(4)去式的化:的

化:

一般+ed planted,watered,cl

imbed

以不音的 e 尾+d liked

音字母加 y 尾-y+ ied study — studied, cry-

cried

重音,末尾双写最 stop –stopped

只有一个音字母后一个

plan - planned 字母 +ed

不的化:

原形原形去式原形去式原形去式式

sweep swept t each taught have had go went keep kept think thought do did find found sleep slept buy bought eat ate say said

feel felt drink drank is/am was take took read read give gave are were mean meant put put sing sang drive drove meet met cut cut begin began speakspoke make made let let ring rang write wrote see saw fly flew run ran ride rode come came draw drew sit sat hear heard tell told

grow grew learn learned/

get got know knew learnt

4.一般将来时

一般将来时表示将来打算做的事或将要发生的事情。常常与 tomorrow, next Sunday等时间状语连用。

结构: be going to +动词原形或will +动词原形

例如: I ’m going to visit my grandpa next week.二、人称代词

主格I we you he she it they 宾格me us you him her it them

形容词性物 my our your his her its their 主代词

名词性物主 mine ours your his hers its theri

代词s s

(注:介词,动词后面跟宾格。后面没有名词时用名

词性物主代词。)

三、可数名词的复数形式

1. 一般名词: + s a book–books

2. 辅音字母加 y 结尾: - y+ ies a story—stories

3. 以 s, x,sh, ch ,结尾: + es a glass —glasses ;

a watch-watches

4. 以 f 或 fe 结尾: - f

或 fe变为 ves a knife–knives a shelf-shelves

5.特殊的名词复数

man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice

child-children

foot-feet,.tooth-teeth

fish-fish,people-people,Chinese-Chinese,

Japanese-Japanese

四、不可数名词 ( 没有复数形式 )

bread, rice, water, juice,milk,tea,coffee

五、缩略形式

I ’m = I am you’re = you are she’s = she is he’ s = he is /he has(got)

it ’s = it is who’s =who is can’t =can not t=is not didn ’t=did not weren’t=were not t=was not let’s=let us I’ll=I will

isn ’wasn’

六、 a. an .the的用法

1.单词的第一读音是辅音读音: a book, a peach, a “U”

单词的第一个读音是元音读音: an egg, an hour , an “F”

要注意的:球类前面不加 the ,乐器前面要加 the ,序数词前面要加 the 。

七、介词

1.表示方位: on, in ,in front of, between, next

to, near, beside, at, behind.,under

2.表示时间:

(1)at :几点前面用at如: at six o’clock,没有 day 的节日前用at如:at Christmas,固定词组at the weekends,at night

(2)on: 星期前用 on 如:on Monday ,日期前用 on 如:on the 15th of July带有Day的节日前用on如:on National Day

(3)in: 早晨,中午,晚上前用 in :in the morning ,in the afternoon,in the evening,月份前用in,如in December ,季节前用 in ,如 winter

八、基数词变成序数词的方法

1.直接在基数词词尾加上 th 。如: seventh 第七,

tenth 第十, thirteenth 第十三, 2. 以 y 结尾的基数词,变 y 为 i ,再加上 eth 。如:twentieth 第二十。

3. 不规则的。如:first第一 , second第二,third

第三,fifth第五,eighth第八,ninth第九,twelfth第十二。

4.有两个或以上单词组成的基数词只改最后一个单词

如 twenty-first第二十一。

九、 some /any 的用法

1.肯定句中用 some:I have sometoys in my bedroom.

2.句和否定句中用 ang:Do you have any brothers or sisters

He hasn’t got any pencils in his pencil-case.

3.想要什么用 some: Would you like some juice

Can I have some stamps

十、 there be构

1. 肯定句(有?): There is +数或不可数名

There are + 复数

注:遵循就近原,看靠there be最近的

2. 一般疑句(有?):Is there?Yes, there is./ No, there isn’t.

Are there ? Yes, there are. /No, there aren’t.

3. 否定句(没有): There isn’t?. There aren’t?.

be 句型与 have(has) 的区别:there be 表示在某地有某物(或人);have(has) 表示某人拥有某物。

十一、祈使句

Sit down please

Don’t sit down, please.

Let ’s go to the park.

(注:祈使句中动词用原形)

十二、 ( 情态 ) 动词 can, may, must, should, will后面直接用动词原形。

1.I / He / She / They can sing. May I come in I

must go now.

2.You should be quiet in the library.

3.You ’ll be good friends.

十三、形容词和副词的比较级

一、形容词的比较级

1、两个事物或人的比较用比较级,比较级后面一般带有单词 than 。比较级前面可以用more, a little来修饰表示程度。。

2.形容词加 er 的规则:

⑴一般在词尾加er ;

⑵以字母 e 结尾,加 r ;

⑶以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾,应双写末尾

的辅音字母,再加er ;

⑷以“辅音字母 +y”结尾,先把 y 变 i ,再加 er 。3.不规则形容词比较级:

good-better, beautiful-more beautiful

二、副词的比较级

1.形容词与副词的区别( 有 be 用形,有形用 be;有动用副,有副用动 )

⑴在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或be 动词之后

⑵副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后

2.副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同( 不规则变化: well-better, far-farther)

十四、特殊疑问句

What What are you doing I ’m reading.

( 问什么事 , What is that It ’s a book.

什么物或什

What is she(What

’ She’s a nurse.

么工作 )s her job)

What What colour is your It ’s red. colour(问颜 coat

色)

What time What time is it It ’s seven.(时间)

What’s the time

when When do you get up I get up at six

thirty.

( 什么时候 )

When is your It ’s on the 21st

birthday of December. Which(哪一 Which is your watch, The yellow is 个)the yellow one or mine.

the white one

Who(谁) Who is the man with He’s my uncle.

a big nose

Whose(谁的)Whose bag is it It ’s his bag.

Whose is this bag

Where(哪里)Where is my ball penI t ’ s under the

book. Why(什么)Why do you like I like summer

summer because?

How manyHow many books (多少)there in the school

bag are There are

books in

school bag.

four

the

Howold (几 How old is the young He’s nineteen.)man

Howmuch(多 How much is the toy 少)bear It’

yuan.

s eleven

How )(怎么 How do you go

school everyday

to I go to

car.

school by 一、名复数的化

名复数的化

构成法例

A. 在一般情况下,尾book – books bed

加-s-- beds

bus–

buses box--

boxes

B. 以 s,x,ch,sh 结尾

的词,词尾加 -es dish–

dishes watch--

watches

C. 以 f 或 fe 结尾的词,knife -- knives

先将 f 或 fe 改成 v,再wife -- wives

加-es

D. 以 o 结尾的单词,有 tomato -- tomatoes

生命的物质加-es,无生

photo -- photos

命的物质加 -s

family–E. 以辅音字母加 y 结尾,

city --

families

先 y 将改 i ,再加上 -es

cities

二、现在进行时构成

现在进行时构成( ing 形式)

构成法例词

work–A. 一般加 -ing working study--

studying

live–B. 以 e 结尾的词去 e 后

write

living

加-ing

-- writing

C. 动词为单音节:以单stop -- stopping 一元音字母+单一辅音字

run -- running

母结尾,辅音字母双写,

再加ing;动词为双音节 swim -- swimming 或者多音节:最后一个音 begin -- beginning

节为重读音节,以单一元

音字母 +单一辅音字母结

尾,辅音字母双写,再加

ing

一般现在时(单三形式)三、一般现在时

构成法例词

A. 一般动词在词尾加 -s

help–

helps make--

makes

fix –fixes teach B.以 s, x , ch,sh,结–teaches

尾的动词在词尾加 -es

wash -- washes

C. 以 o 结尾的动词在词 go –goes do --尾加 -es does

fly -- flies

D. 以辅音字母加 y 结尾的动词,先 y 变为 i ,再study

–studies carry --

加-es

carries

E. 不规则变化have -- has

四、一般过去时

一般过去时(-ed形式)

构成法例词A.一般动词在词尾加 cook -- cooked

-ed play -- played B.以e结尾的动词在词 live -- lived

尾加 -d

C. 以辅音字母加y 结尾 fly -- flied

的动词,先y变为i,再

study -- studied

加-ed

D. 末尾只有一个辅音字stop -- stopped 母的重读闭音节词,双写

plan -- planned 该辅音字母加 -ed

swim -- swam E.不规则变化

have -- had

am -- was

F. be 动词变化is -- was

are -- were 五、形容词比较级

形容词比较级( er 形式)

构成法例词

A.一般直接加 -er long -- longer

B.如果以-e结尾,直接 nice -- nicer

加-r

C.闭音节词如末尾只有

一个辅音字母须双写这个 big -- bigger

字母,再加 -er

D. 以辅音字母加 -y结尾

heavy -- heavier

的词,变 y 为 i ,再加 -er

小学阶段没有强调比较级的不规则变化

一、一般疑问句

1. --- Did you read books你读书了吗

---Yes, I did. 是的,我读过了。 / No, I didn't. 不,我没有读过。

2. --- Is she quiet她文静吗

--- No, she isn't. She's very active.不,她不。她很活跃。

--- Is she strict她严格吗

--- Yes, she is, but she's very kind.是的,她是,但是她很和蔼。

3. --- Is this a teacher's desk这是一张讲台桌吗/ Is it cold冷吗/ Is her birthday in June她的生日在六月吗 / Is this your T-shirt这是你的T 恤衫吗

---Yes, it is. 是的。 / No, it isn't. (No, it's not.)

不,不是的。

4.--- Can you make the bed你会铺床吗 / Can you use a computer你会使用电脑吗

--- Yes, I can.是的,我会。 / No, I can't.不,我不会。

5.--- Are they ducks它们是鸭子吗 / Are they eating the honey它们吃蜂蜜吗

---Yes, they are.是的,它们是。/ No, they aren't.不,它们不是。

6.--- Is there a forest in the park公园里有一个森林吗 / Is there a river那里有条河吗

---Yes, there is.是的,那里有。/ No, there aren't.不,那里没有。

7.--- Are there any pandas in the mountains山

里有一些熊猫吗 / Are there any fish in the rivers 河里

有一些鱼吗

---Yes, there are.是的,那里有。/ No, there

aren't.不,那里没有。

8. --- Are you eating lunch你(们)正在吃午餐

--- Yes, I am. (Yes, we are.)是的,我正在吃。(是的,我们正在吃。)/ No, I am not. (No, we

aren't.)不,我没有在吃。(不,我们没有在吃。)9. --- Is he playing chess他正在下棋吗

--- Yes, he is.是的,他是。/ No, he isn't.不,他没有。

10. --- Is she counting insects她正在数昆虫吗

---Yes, she is. 是的,她是。 / No, she isn't. 不,她没有。

11. --- Does she / he teach English她(他)教英语吗

--- Yes, she / he does.是的,她(他)是。/ No, she / he doesn't.不,她(他)不是。

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