大学英语四级考试写作专项解析
李洁慧
为了帮助广大非英语专业学生和有志于参加大学英语四级考试的社会青年在考试中立于不败之地，我们根据《大学英语考试大纲》及《全国大学英语四、六级考试改革方案》对写作的要求，从以下几个方面进行逐步分析，并运用一些具体例子进行讲解，希望能有效地帮助考生从理论和实践两个方面对四级考试的写作有一个全面的了解和掌握，并在考试中获得高分。
一、大学英语四级作文的要求、评分原则及评卷实例
（一）大学英语四级作文的要求
《大学英语考试大纲》明确规定：大学英语四级考试写作的时间为30分钟。要求应试者写出一篇不少于120个词的短文；写作命题源于日常生活和有关科技、社会文化等方面的一般常识，不涉及知识面过广、专业性太强的内容。其命题方式有：给出题目、或规定情景、或给出段首句续写、或给出关键词写短文、或看图作文。要求内容切题，文理通顺，表达正确，语义连贯，无重大语言错误。
（二）评分原则
四级考试作文采用总体评分的方法，即把内容和语言作为一个统一体进行综合评判。主要是看内容是否切题，表达是否充分，所用语言是否能清楚而明确地表达思想。评卷人员根据思想内容和语言表达的总体印象给出奖励分，并不是按语言点错误的多少扣分。
四级考试作文主要看内容、结构、语言三个方面。内容不跑题即可，结构上牢记总分总：先写主题句(Topic Sentence)，再写分论点，最后写总结句(Conclusion)。语言要模仿和包装。这些往往都会使评分产生重大差异。
（三）评卷实例
大学英语四级考试2000年1月作文真题
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic How I Finance My College Education. You should write at least 100 words, and base your composition on the
outline (given in Chinese) below:
1. 上大学的费用（tuition and fees）可以通过多种途径解决。
2. 哪种途径适合我（说明理由）。
例1．(5分段)
In some years, the tuition and fees of college education is more and more expensive.
However, the problem can be done by a lot of ways. Such as doing some part time jobs, being a home teacher and so on. But most of students choose this way. Parents, provide them to study. If some of students don’t want to cho o se it way, they can’t choose, the other better — aiding to larn to get a loan.
I think I will choose the good idea. When I have a nice, I will provide the loan by myself and help my parent lighten pressure. If their parents are rich, they can choose their help them. But I agree the students live in other country cannot always pay his tuition and fees of education.
点评：基本切题。但表达思想不清楚，连贯性差。有较多的严重语言错误。具体问题剖析：
（1）各段围绕中心句论述不深入，没有说服力。
（2）衔接不自然，没有用适当的关联词，如第二段几个句子之间可以用一些关联词，如：“first”，“secondly”，“besides”，“on the other hand”等。
（3）语言错误较多，很多句子不通顺，如“If their parents are rich, they can choose their help them”应改为“If their parents are rich, they can ask parents to pay the fees”。另外，文中最后一句中应在the students 后加who，把这句话改为定语从句。
例2．（8分段）
As modern college students, we all think that the fees of college education is higher and higher. But, there are some ways to deal with this problem now.
First, more and more students start to find some work some out of the school to earn money for the college tuition and fees. Second, others prefer to do some apartment jobs at school. They think although it can’t earn much money, it also can’t waste much time for studies. Then there are some students asking for a loan from local bank for the fees. It can’t make their life too nervous and they can p ay back these money to the bank when they will have a good job. And earn much money.
I think the second way is the best to me . Because I don’t want to waste much time for studies. I think study is the most important thing in the college and we can’t be ta ken in the school.
点评：基本切题。有些地方表达思想不够清楚，文字勉强连贯；语言错误相当多，其中有一些是严重错误。具体问题剖析：
（1）论证不够深入，缺少事例，说服力不强。
（2）虽有适当的转承词，但文字欠连贯且显累赘，如第二段可以把各句再改得简练一点。
（3）语言错误相当多，如第二段中的“find some work some out of the school”, “It cannot make their life too nervous”等。
例3．（11分段）
The past decade has witnessed a new tuition and fees for college students. Then how to finance their college education is becoming big concern to students and the society. To this problem there are some possible approaches.
Most students will ask their parents to pay the tuition and fees and the parents also take it for granted that they have such a responsibility to pay for their children’s education. Another approach is that student can apply for the low-interest loans from the bank. In this way they can relieve the parent’s financ ial burden and foster their independence as well.
I think the second way is better. For my family cannot pay the fees for me. And if I do part-time job, I feel tired.
点评：切题。表达思想清楚，文字连贯，用词比较准确，但有少量语言错误，如“The past decade has witnessed a new tuition and fees for college students”应改为“The past decade has witnessed a rise in tuition and fees for college students”。
例4．（14分段）
Nowadays, tuition and fees for college students are much higher than ever before. How to finance my college education has become a matter of concern.
There are many ways to support my college education financially. In the first place, I can obtain all the money from my parents. In the second place, I can apply for/ ask for a bank loan, especially set up/ established for college students/ und ergraduates. What’s more, I can find a part-time job to earn enough money.
As far as I’m concerned, I prefer the bank loan for the following reasons. For one thing, my parents are not rich enough to afford me. For another, I will not have enough time and energy to study after finishing my part-time/ temporary/ odd jobs. In addition, I believe I can hunt a rewarding/ dream job after graduation, and then I will be able to pay off.
点评：切题。论证充分，有说服力，思想表达清楚。语言流畅，词汇丰富，连贯性好。用词准确，基本无语法错误。
要提高写作能力，关键是了解作文题型特点，把握5个关键步骤：（1）认真审题，确定文章的篇幅、内容、体裁和段落扩展的方法等。（2）扩展提示句，草拟提纲。（3）依据所拟提纲，写出段落主题句。（4）参照提纲，紧扣主题句，完成段落。（5）检查四个重点部位，把好最后一关。
例：College English Teaching in China
1. 有人认为中国大学英语教学很不成功（如大学毕业生英语说不好，听不懂，写不出）。
2.我认为失败的原因是……
3.我的建议。
按写作步骤（过程），对试题分析如下：
1. 这是一篇议论文，主题是讲“大学英语教学”。
2. 扩展提示句，草拟提纲。
3. 依据所拟提纲，写出段落主题句。
第一段：
Topic Sentence (TS)：English teaching in China is a total failure.
Developing Sentence (DS1)：Graduates can’t communicate with foreigners.
Developing Sentence (DS2)：They can’t translate or write well.
第二段：
TS：There are many reasons for the failure.
DS1：Teacher-centred class is the main form of English teaching.
DS2：Textbooks are not proper.
DS3：Test-oriented education misleads English teaching.
第三段：
TS：My suggestion is that college English teaching should be reformed.
DS：Student-centred class and exams should be properly dealt with.
4. 参照提纲，紧扣主题句，完成段落。
Someone says that English teaching at college in China is a total failure. To some extent, it is reasonable to say so, for after ten-year English learn ing most graduates can’t properly communicate with foreigners, nor can they write in English, let alone translate well between languages.
I believe there are many reasons that lead to the problem. To begin with, English teaching at college is, to a great extent, teacher-centered. It is still very common in the classroom that the teacher explains every language point in detail, while students take notes all the time. Secondly, culture is neglected in English teaching because of poor text design. Some redundant unrealistic materials and a large number of grammars and structure exercises in the text lead students to memorize a large vocabulary and a lot of English rules. Finally, test-oriented education, in a sense, misleads and impedes college English teaching in China.
My suggestion is that, China’s college English teaching should be reformed. The education system should be quality-oriented. Students should be centered on, culture be introduced in language teaching, and examination should be dealt with appropriately.
5. 检查四个重点部位，把好最后一关。
是否切题；是否连贯；是否有语法错误；是否有大小写、拼写、标点错误。
以上五点是四级写作的最基本步骤。如果能做到这五点，写一篇合乎要求的作文应该不是难题。而一篇优秀的作文，则更应该在此基础上斟酌字句，在文章的整体性上多下功夫，这种差异也就是英语整体水平的差异。因此，要提高英语写作水平，就必须不断学习写作技巧，并勤于练习。
（一）遣词、造句、组段、谋篇
遣词、造句、组段、谋篇共同构成写作的基础。因此对写作技巧的探讨就从这里开始。一篇优秀的作文，除了做到结构清晰、句式多变以外，常常还要求出现一到两个让老师眼前为之一亮的亮点，这样的亮点设计会给你的作文大大增色，往往会给老师留下深刻的印象。
1.遣词
第一，从用词角度看，首先必须确保其准确性，并注意其鲜明性和生动性。用词的准确性指我们根据具体场合选择能确切表达本意的词汇。由于英语词义范畴非常广泛，即便是同义词也只是某种程度上的近似，不可能在意义上完全对等。这就需要考生在选词时斟酌其含义的微妙差别，辨析同义词在具体语境中的不同用法。
例1. Everyone has special interest while reading so we can choose / select different books to read according to our personal interest.
分析：choose指的是“一般性的选择”，而select则强调“在一定范围内挑选”，此处选用后者更为恰当。
第二，应该选用确切有个性的词语，避免使用一些无生命力的词语。如下面的A组词比较抽象
第三，尽可能使用那些朴素易懂、简洁明了的常用词语。
第四，恰当使用限定词。
用词准确从另外一个角度讲就是要使论述客观、适度，这就需要考生适当使用一些限定词，以避免观点的绝对化，从而提高说服力和可信度。写作中常见的限定词有：maybe, perhaps, probably, mainly, generally, commonly, personally, comparatively, typically, usually, sometimes, often, most, mostly, nearly, almost, not necessarily, in general, at least, at most, may as well, had better, to some extent, to some degree, more often than not, for the most part等。
例2. I don’t agree with the first argument to some extent.
分析：to some extent意为“在某种程度上”，表明观点的客观性，避免了绝对化，为自己留有余地。
第五，注意词语的习惯搭配。
用词准确不但要求考生掌握单词的具体含义，还要熟悉词语的习惯搭配，一定要避免受汉语语意的干扰而出现错误。
例3. The traffic in many big cities is getting more and more crowded / heavier and heavier.
分析：汉语中我们可以说“交通拥挤”，但英文中traffi c和crowded是不能搭配的，因为crowded 是表示街道、房间等地方挤满了人或东西，我们可以说The street is crowded，但不能说The traffic is crowded。而要表达“交通拥挤”，应该用heavy一词。
第六，避免口语化。
四级作文除个别应用文以外，基本都属于较正式的书面文体，因此在写作时要避免使用口语化的词汇。
2.造句
好的句子应该具备以下几个特征：
首先，应该且仅包含一个完整的思想。
其次，语法结构正确完整。
第三，简洁明了。
第四，句式灵活多样。
请大家认真阅读体会下面的句子对比，了解句型变化。
1. A. There are fewer and fewer citizens who like to see films.
B. Films are now losing their appeal for many citizens.
2. A. There are many people who complain of severe housing shortages.
B. Housing shortages become the source of great complaint.
3. A. If we only apply book knowledge, we will not get good result.
B. The application of book knowledge alone will not bring you good result.
4. A. If there is no pollution, man can certainly survive.
B. Man can certainly survive in the world where there is no pollution.
5. A. In order to prevent the problem becoming too serious to solve, we must take an immediate step.
B. An immediate step must be taken before the problem becomes too serious to solve.
6. A. More and more people who become richer and richer can afford a motorcycle.
B. The growing number of people who become increasingly rich can now afford a motorcycle.
7. A. More and more trees have disappeared in the city.
B. There is a sharp decline in the number of trees in the city.
3.组段
组成段落的句子主要有三种：主题句(topic sentence)、扩展句(developing sentence)和结尾句(concluding sentence)。因此段落可以用数学等式表示为：
段落=主题句+扩展句1+扩展句2+扩展句3+……+结尾句
4.谋篇
谋篇是写作的最高层次，包括篇章布局、层次安排、思路贯通等方面，是各种手法的综合运用。
（二）写作的五项基本原则
1.主题句原则。把主题句放在恰当位置，让读者一目了然。
2.长短句结合原则。把长句和短句结合起来，显得抑扬顿挫，让读者阅读起来一张一弛。
3.次序原则。写作时要做到层次分明、条理清晰，我们可以把下面任何一组词汇加入到作文的几个要点前。
Firstly, secondly, thirdly, last
First and foremost, besides, last but not least
To begin with, next, furthermore, finally
4.多实少虚原则。写作中应该多用一些意义具体的词语，避免使用空洞的词语。
例：当表达“走出房间”之意时，最常用的是walk out of the room。
但是说小偷走出房间应该用：slip out of the room。
说小孩走出房间应该用：sail out of the room。
说老人走出房间应该用：stagger out of the room。
5.挑战高分原则。在平时的写作练习中，尽量尝试使用一些分词短语、平行结构、独立主格结构等。
四、历年四级真题出现过的四种题型解析
从2000年6月到2008年6月的十六套试题中的四级写作真题主要可以归纳为四大类，即对比观点选择题、社会热点话题、图表题和应用文写作。
（一）对比观点选择题
1.对比观点选择题的文章逻辑结构
（启）Paragraph I：
引出将要评论的事物或者是观点。简明扼要地提出人们在这个问题上的两种不同看法。（承）Paragraph II：
（1）提出一种观点及其优点；
（2）本段的支持性分论点；
（3）本段总结（可以省略）。
（转）Paragraph III：
（1）承上启下的过渡句；
（2）提出另一种观点及其优点；
（3）本段的支持性分论点。
（合）Paragraph IV：
（1）平衡两种看法；
（2）给出自己的观点；
（3）本段总结（可以省略）。
2.写作真题范文解析
2006年12月真题
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of On Spring Festival Gala. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below:
1. 许多人喜欢在除夕夜观看春节晚会。
2. 有些人提出取消春节晚会。
3. 我的看法。
On Spring Festival Gala
The CCTV Spring Festival Gala is one of China’s most popular annual television events, watched by millions of people on the eve of the lunar New Y ear. However, different people offer different opinions as for the gala.
Some people take it for granted that the Spring Festival Gala adds up fun and excitement and makes a happy festival atmosphere. In their opinion, it suits most audience’s tastes. Besides, many people have a strong feeling for it．
However, others hold that it should be cancelled. They maintain that about four-hour-long programs will make some people feel a bit bored. And the forms of most programs are familiar to the audience and lack of originality.
Weighing up these two arguments, I am for the former opinion. For one thing, it involves all kinds of programs, most of which are relaxing and exciting. For instance, cross talks and other comic performances always bring people a lot of laughter. For another, the directors are trying harder to figure out the solutions to maintain the interest of the younger generation. Therefore, as stated above, the Spring Festival Gala is still an indispensable part of the New Y ear’s Eve.
分析：
1.表达“一些人认为”，作者用词准确，使用了同义词表达同样的意思。例如some people take it for
granted, in their opinion, others hold, they maintain that，而不是全部用think。
2.第二段提出第一种观点，第三段开始转折，提出相反的观点，第四段，作者平衡两种观点看法。
3.整篇文章结构清晰，通过使用连词使文章连贯很好。
4.语言表达简洁清楚。
3.对比观点选择题范文欣赏
Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic The Rise of Shanzhai Culture. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the
outline (given in Chinese) below:
1.最近兴起了一股“山寨热”。
2.有些人赞成山寨文化。
3.有些人反对。
The Rise of Shanzhai Culture
The vast array of knockoff name-brand products, such as cell phones, DVDs, MP3 players, have made “shanzhai” one of the hottest words of the year. Now we wear shanzhai watches, talk through shanzhai cell phones, play shanzhai video games, use shanzhai computers, and even watch shanzhai TV shows. But public opinions are clearly divided as to the rise of shanzhai culture.
Advocates invariably associate it with innovation, stylishness, the DIY spirit, open-mindedness and practicality, as shanzhai products often mix imitation with innovation — a similar skin but a different heart. Besides, they respond to the market more swiftly and they are more considerate in design. Thanks to them, more people at the grassroots level can enjoy the benefit of modern technology.
However, other people, including myself, hold more reserved attitudes towards the shanzhai fever. For all the popularity it has won, a copycat is a copycat. The mockery of the prestige products not only steals their profits but also upsets market competition. Moreover, shanzhai products thrive on the current legal loopholes. Under the disguise of anti-dominance slogans, they make illegal profits by violating intellectual property rights and evading taxes.
第一段思路点评：综述山寨热现象。
语言点提示：
（1）the vast array of 意为“大量的”。
（2）…public opinions are clearly divided此句起承上启下的作用。
第二段思路点评：主要阐述山寨产品的优势。
语言点提示：
（1）mix imitation with innovation意为“综合模仿与创新”。
（2）respond to the market意为“对市场做出反应”。
第三段思路点评：主要阐述对山寨产品侵权、扰乱市场等方面的看法。
语言点提示：
（1）The mockery of the prestige products意为“拙劣地模仿名牌”。
（2）thrive on意为“茁壮成长、蓬勃发展、繁荣”。
（3）legal loopholes意为“法律漏洞（空子）”。
（4）Under the disguise of anti-dominance slogans意为“在反垄断口号的伪装下”。
（5）violating intellectual property rights意为“侵犯知识产权”。
（6）evading taxes意为“逃税”。
（二）社会热点话题
1.社会热点话题的文章逻辑结构
Paragraph I：概括性地引出要评论的事物或观点。
Paragraph II：
(1) 作者对该现象问题的基本看法，即文章的论点句；
(2) 支持性的细节分论点（至少两点）；
(3) 本段总结（可以省略）。
Paragraph III：总结全文，定下结论（通常为我的对策或看法）。
2.写作真题范文解析
2005年12月真题
Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourists? You should write at least 100 words, and base your
composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
1．名校校园正成为旅游新热点。
2．校园是否应对游客开放，人们看法不同。
3．我认为……。
Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourists?
Nowadays, places with different styles of tourist resources have become tourist destinations, among which the campuses of prestigious universities in Beijing such as Peking University, Tsinghua University turn out to be a new focus.
Opinions on whether the university campuses should be open to tourists vary from individual to individual. Proponents put forward the following two reasons. First, with the coming of a great number of tourists, universities may obtain a lot of money from the campus tourism. Second, young children, when absorbed in the noble and sacred atmosphere, may be stimulated to work even harder to realize their dream of attending universities. Others hold a negative view about it, believing this practice will do more harm than good to the academic atmosphere of the university.
In my viewpoint, the benefits outweigh the drawbacks on the condition that proper visiting time is scheduled. Anyway universities should be not only an ivory tower to college students, but also a tourist attraction to all people.
分析：
1.写作思路：
＂这是一道社会热点话题的写作题。根据给出的汉语提纲，第一段提出问题——名校校园正成为旅游新热点；第二段写人们对此现象的不同看法，列出正反两方面的意见；第三段写自己的看法。2.语言点提示：
第一段语言亮点：使用了定语从句。prestigious意为“著名的”，turn out意为“结果”。
第二段语言亮点：Opinions on whether the university campuses should be open to tourists vary from individual to individual. 这句话是非常经典的句型，学生写作文时可以模仿套用。Others hold a negative view about it, believing...现在分词作状语的结构。
第三段语言亮点：In my viewpoint, the benefits outweigh the drawbacks on the condition that…
3.社会热点话题范文欣赏
Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Should Young People Use Their Parents’ Money to Buy Houses? You should write at least 120 words, and
base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
1. 现在高涨的房价使很多年轻人无力购房。
2. 有些年轻人用父母的钱买房而受批评。
3. 我的看法。
Should Y oung People Use Their Parents’ Money to Buy Houses?
The uprising housing prices have become a headache for many young people. The reality is that, at their current income levels, it is almost impossible for most of them to afford a house on their own. So, many young people have to resort to their parents for financial support.
But this has incurred a lot of criticism. Critics say that young people should not use their parents’
money for their own happiness. As is known to all, most parents work very hard and live a very simple life to save money. Besides, they maintain that the younger generation has forgotten the idea of living a thrift life and is very selfish, for they always take it for granted to take things from their parents.
As to this controversy, my opinion is that young people can borrow money from their parents to pay for the down payment. After all , renting a house is not worthwhile in the long term. Besides, with the help from their parents, the tie between parents and children can be stronger.
范文语言亮点讲解：
（1）uprising 意为“上升的”。
（2）level 要和at 搭配。at the current level of income 表示“在目前工资水平下”。
（3）afford后可直接加名词，表示“买得起”。
（4）resort to 意为“求助于”。
（5）incur意为“招致”。
（6）as is known to all 意为“众所周知”，为常用表达。
（7）besides 起衔接作用。
（8）take it for granted to do sth.意为“认为……理所应当”。
（9）controversy 意为“争论”。
（10）down payment表示“首付款”。
（三）图表题（table, bar graph, pie chart, line graph）
图表作文要求考生用文字材料把图表中所提供的信息准确、完整地表达出来。在写图表作文时，首先要仔细观察并分析图表，以及题中所给出的有关信息，比如，作文标题，英文提纲、英文提示、英语关键词等。在分析图表时，要抓住与主题有关的信息，要发现数据呈现的规律，要充分利用图表中的图形、数据等来说明主题。但是注意不要过多地引用数据，以免造成滥用数据的后果。
1.图表题的文章逻辑结构
Paragraph I: （1）概括描述图表：趋势描写；
（2）具体描述图表：必要数据支持（细节性）。
Paragraph II:（1）提出自己的理由和观点（本段主题句）；
（2）细节性分论点（主要是原因，用于支持自己的观点，至少两点）。
Paragraph III:（1）预测未来和提出解决方法（好现象的预测，坏现象的解决方法）；
（2）总结全文和表达作者自己的观点。
2.图表作文注意事项
（1）不能在作文中一一罗列图表所给的所有信息，切忌堆砌数据，选择典型的、有代表性和规律性的即可。
（2）注意观点与数据间的统一性，即图文一致。
（3）遇到两个或两个以上的图表时，多在“比较”上做文章。
（4）结论要有说服力，合情合理，既可以是总结，也可以是预测。
3.写作范文解析
Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition of no less than 100 words on Income Sources Between Chinese and American Students. Study the following table carefully
and your composition must be based on the information given in the table. Write three
paragraphs to:
1. Describe the differences of the income sources between Chinese and American students.
2. Analyze possible reasons for these differences.
3. Predicate future tendency.
Income Sources Between Chinese and American Students
As can be seen from the table, income sources of Chinese students are quite different from those of American students. In China, students get 90% of their money from their parents while in America, only 50% of students’ money is provid ed by parents. In addition, Chinese students earn only 5% of their money from part-time jobs and 5% from fellowship or scholarship while income from these two resources for American students takes up 35% and 15% respectively of their total income.
I think there are probably three reasons for these differences. First, because of the influence of different social and family values, Chinese students have formed the habit of asking for money from their parents while American students have developed more sense of being financially independent. Second, most Chinese parents devote too much care to their children and they would rather save up to afford their children’s education than encourage them to take part-time jobs. But in America, many parents pay more attention to developing the students’ ability of self-reliance, so they encourage their children to find part-time jobs to earn some money by themselves. Third, since America is more developed than China, it is relatively easy for students to find part -time jobs. In China, such opportunities are rather rare.
I believe with the development of China, more and more Chinese students will realize and pay more attention to the necessity of self-dependence. In addition, more and more opportunities will be provided for them to take part-time jobs. So more students will go out of the ivory tower to broaden their knowledge and to become the master of their own lives.
点评：作者在这篇图表作文中很好地利用了图表以及题目中所给的提示。文章结构完整，意思表达清楚，较好地完成了一篇图表作文所应该表达的内容。
4.图表题范文欣赏
Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition of no less than 120 words on Film Is Giving Way to TV. Study the following line graph carefully and your composition must
be based on the information given in the line graph.
1．电影观众越来越少，电视观众越来越多
2．因为……
3．然而，还是有人喜欢电影，因为……
Film is Giving Way to TV
Nowadays there are fewer and fewer cinema-goers. However, there are more and more TV viewers.
There are many reasons for this social phenomenon. But in general, they come down to three major ones. First, film tickets are too expensive, while it doesn’t cost much to watch TV at home. Besides, it is time-consuming and inconvenient to go to the cinema. Nevertheless, it is very convenient and comfortable to watch TV at home. Y ou needn’t go out but just need to turn on the television. Most important of all, if you don’t like the film, you’ll have to sit through it; but if you don’t like one program on TV, you can shift to another.
However, some people still go to the cinema. They usually go to the cinema for the purpose of social contact. Y oung people go dating there. Other people go to the cinema as an activity. For example, schools often organize children to go to the cinema. Sometimes employees also go to the cinema with the film tickets presented by their institutions.
（四）应用文
应用文的范围很广，包括书信、便条、广告、简历以及通知等。英语考试中的应用文以书信为主，间或有报告、演讲词、导游介绍之类。
1.（以书信题为例）书信题的写作方法
(1) 告知对方你的身份（假如对方不认识你）
Dear Sir/ Mr. Prometheus,
I was a student at your college, enrolled in Philosophy Department.
/ I am a… at your…
/ I am a… at your college, enrolled in the… course.
/ My name is…
(2) 问候收信人（假如他/她是你的朋友）
Dear Prometheus,
Hello / Hi. How are you? / I hope everything is fine.
/ How are things going with you?
/ How are you getting on in / getting along with…?
(3) 解释写信的原因
致谢：
I deeply appreciate your courtesy and I hope to reciprocate your favor when the opportunity arises.
/ I am greatly indebted to you for (the double) you have gone to on my behalf.
/ Thank you for your letter about studying in Canada.
/ I am writing to tell you how grateful I am for…
/ I would like to thank you most sincerely for…
抱怨：
I am writing to complain about the poor service at your dining-room.
/ I am writin g to express my dissatisfaction with / at…
/ I wish to make a complaint about…
/ I am writing to draw your attention to….
/ I am afraid I have got a complaint about….
致歉：
I am writing to you because I am unable to….
/ I an terribly sorry that…
/ I would l ike to express my apologies for not being able to….
询问：
I would be grateful if you would be so kind as to provide me with certain essential information regarding the following aspects.
/ I would like to obtain/ request/ seek/ inquire about some informati on about…
/ I am writing to ask if you can do me a favor.
/ I would like some detailed information on/about….
(4) 发出请求
Please give this matter your immediate attention.
/ I would very much appreciate it if…as soon as possible.
/Please render me some valuable advice which is conductive to my final decision.
(5) 提供帮助
I hope these…will be helpful, and please feel free to contact me for more information.
/…will be taking responsibility for you and if you need any assistance, she/he will be pleased to help you.
(6) 再次表示歉意或感激
Please accept my heartfelt thanks and deepest gratitude, now and always.
/ In addition, let me apologize for any inconvenience I may have caused.
(7)期盼回信
I look forward to your prompt response.
/ Looking forward to a prompt reply.
/ I expect to hear from you very soon.
/ I shall feel obliged by a reply at your earliest convenience.
2.写作真题范文解析
2002年1月真题
Directions:For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: A Letter to the University President about the Canteen Service on Campus. You should write at least 100
words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:假设你是李明，请你就本校食堂的状况给校长写一封信，内容应涉及食堂的饭菜质量、价格、环境、服务等，可以是表扬，可以是批评建议，也可以兼而有之。
January 12th, 2002 Dear Mr. President,
I am a student of Chemistry Department. I’m writing to complain about the dining halls in this university.
First, the food in the dining halls is not delicious enough, either too salty or too watery, especially in Dining Hall 3. Second, the prices are rather high and usually we cannot afford it. Third, the dining halls are always very crowded and we can seldom find seats if arriving there not early enough and the tables are not cleaned in time. Anyway, what is good is that the working staff in the dining halls are quite kind, friendly and patient, and they usually try their best to meet the demand of the students and teachers.
I suggest enlarging the dining halls and improving the quality of foods and reducing the prices to what is acceptable to all the students.
I am looking forward to your reply.
Y ours sincerely,
Li Ming
五、大学英语四级作文的常用句型
以下是大学英语四级作文中使用率很高、覆盖面很广的基本句式。每组句式的功能相同或相似，考生可根据自己的情况选择其中的几种，要求能够熟练正确地仿写或套用。
（一）开头段落句
1. Recently, the problem of … has aroused people’s concern.
2. Internet has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life. It has brought lots of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.
3. It is commonly believed that… / It is a common belief that…
4.With the development of science and technology, more and more people believe that…
5. A famous saying goes that…
（二）中间段落句
对立观点型
1. Other people, however, prefer to… They think…
2. But there are still some people who don’t agree. They argue that…
3. However, other people believe that… They point out…
解释原因型
1. A number of factors could account for this situation.
2. A number of factors might contribute to / lead to /account for the phenomenon.
3. The answer to this problem involves many factors.
4. The phenomenon mainly stems from the fact that...
5. The factors that contribute to this situation include...
6. The change in ... largely results from the fact that...
7.Among the most convincing/ important reasons given/ cited/ offered / identified by people for this problem/ phenomenon, one should be stressed/ emphasized/ mentioned...
8.The increase/ change/ failure/ success in... mainly/ largely/ partly results from/ arises from /is due to/ owing to/ attributable to the fact that...
批驳
1. Some people say..., but it does not hold water.
2. Many of us have been under the illusion that...
3. A close examination would reveal how ridiculous the statement is.
4. It makes no sense to argue for...
5. Contrary to what is widely accepted, I maintain that...
举例
1. For example, the people’s economic status has been greatly improved.
2. For instance, the economic status of the people has been improved.
3.Let’s have an example. TV sets, refrigerators and recorders have become household necessities.
4. …is a case in point.
证明
1. No one can deny the fact that...
2. Recent studies indicate that...
3. There is sufficient evidence to show that...
4. According to statistics proved by..., it can be seen that...
（三）结尾段落句
结论型
1. From what has been discussed above, we can draw the conclusion that...
2. In conclusion, I believe that…
3. In conclusion, it is imperative that...
4.Taking all these factors into consideration, we naturally come to the conclusion that…
5. All in all, we cannot live without… But at the same time we must try to find out new ways to cope with the problems that would arise.
提出建议型
1. It is high time that we put an end to the trend.
2.It is time to take the advice of… and to put special emphasis on the improvement of…
3. There is no doubt that enough concern must be paid to the problem of…
4. Obviously...If we want to do…,it is essential that…
5. Only in this way can we…
预示后果型
1. Obviously, if we don’t control the problem, the chances are that… will lead us in danger.
2. No doubt, unless we take effective measures, it is very likely that…
3. There are a number of co nsequences of…
（四）用于图表作文的经典句型
1. According to the figures given in the table...
2. This chart shows that…
3. As is shown by the graph, …
4. It can be seen from the statistics that…
5. It is generally believed/accepted/thought/held that…
6. There is slight rise/decrease/increase/ decline/reduction in
7. …to go up and down…
8. …to remain steady/level/unchanged…
9. …be in direct /inverse ratio to/with...
10.….to f orm/comprise/make up/constitute…percent… to form/comprise/constitute a half/third/fourth of…
11. A be …times as much/many as B. A doubles/is half/triples...
六、学生作文中常见的错误
（一）词性混用
误：The students complaint that there are too much homework.
正：The students complain that there is too much homework.
误：If you work hard, you will be sure to success.
正：If you work hard, you will be sure to succeed.
（二）时态、人称和数用错
误：They said they can complete the work in three months.
正：They said they could complete the work in three months.
（三）介词、冠词遗漏
误：Because his mistake several people died.
正：Because of his mistake several people died.
误：I have never seen such beautiful picture.
正：I have never seen such a beautiful picture.
（四）非名词主语
误：Keep two full-time jobs is simply impossible.
正：Keeping two full-time jobs is simply impossible.
（五）谓语动词和非谓语动词错误
1. 多重谓语
误：There are many people like to eat out.
正：Many people like to eat out.
2. 非动词谓语
误：Some people firmly agree, but others against it.
正：Some people firmly agree, but others are against it.
误：It is said that the place worths touring.
正：It is said that the place is worth touring.
（六）垂悬修饰语错误
误：Having carried out economic reforms in our country, people’s living standard has been greatly
improved.
正：Having carried out economic reforms in our country, people have greatly improved their living
standard.
（七）平行错误
误：While we reduce the number of vehicles, the speed of traffic can be increased.
正：While we reduce the number of vehicles, we can increase the speed of traffic.
（八）搭配错误
误：Nowadays the tuition and fees are so expensive that most families could not afford it.
正：Nowadays the tuition and fees are so high that most families could not afford it.
误：Crowded traffic in some large cities is a big problem for city dwellers.
正：Heavy traffic in some large cities is a big problem for city dwellers.
（九）破句
误：Nowadays, if you want to find a job. Then you must pass the job interview.
正：Nowadays, if you want to find a job, you must pass the job interview.
大学英语四级专项训练——选词填空 （一） Americans are proud of their variety and individualty, yet they love and respect few things more than a uniform. Why are uniforms so __1__ in the United States Among the arguments for uniforms, one of the first is that in the eyes of most people they look more __2__ than civilian（百姓的）clothes. People have become conditioned to __3__ superior quality from a man who wears a uniform. The television repairman who wears a uniform tends to __4__ more trust than one who appears in civilian clothes. Faith in the __5__ of a garage mechanic is increased by a uniform. What an easier way is there for a nurse, a policeman, a barber, or a waiter to __6__ professional identity（身份）than to step out of uniform Uniforms also have many __7__ benefits. They save on other clothes. They save on laundry bills. They are often more comfortable and more durable than civilian clothes. Primary among the arguments against uniforms is their lack of variety and the consequent loss of __8__ experienced by people who must wear them. Though there are many types of uniforms, the wearer of any particular type is generally stuck with it, without __9__, until retirement. When people look alike, they tend to think, speak, and act __10__, on the job at least. [A]skill [B]popular [C]get [D]change [E]similarly 、[F]professional [G]character [H]individuality [I] inspire [J] differently [K]expect [L]practical [M] recall [N] lose [O] ordinary （二） 、 Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. Behaviorists, who study the relation between actions and their consequences, argue that rewards can __1__ performance at work and school. Cognitive( 认识派的) researchers, who study various aspects of mental life, maintain that rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on __2__ and gifts from others. The latter view has gained many supporters, __3__ among educators. But the careful use of small __4__ rewards speaks creativity in grade school children, suggesting that properly presented inducements( 刺激) indeed __5__inventiveness, according to a study in the June Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. “If kids know they’re working f or a reward and can focus on a relatively __6__ task, they show the most creativity,” says Robert Eisenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark. “But it’s easy to __7__ creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much anticipation for rewards.
大学英语四级期末试卷 Part I: Multiple choice 20% Directions:For each of the following blanks, four choices are given. Choose the best word or phrase for each blank and mark A, B, C, or D on Answer Sheet. 1. Now that we’ve got a loan from the bank, our project is financially _____. A. constructive B. feasible C. favorable D. stiff 2. Due to his recent failure to meet the deadline, Jason is ____ from the list for promotion. . A. eliminated B. retreated C. pried D. wrenched 3. We need someone really ____ who can organize the office and make it run smoothly.. A. crucial B. realistic C. essential D. efficient 4. I am pleased to hear of your job offer-all that hard work at school has obviously __. A. paid off B. taken its toll C. made a difference D. shown up 5. As a reporter, I was paid to __ into other people’s lives. A. pry B. convert C. blurt D. carve 6. The mayor promised to trim the city budget without cutting ___ services. . A. essential B. appropriate C. equivalent D. lucrative 7. The doctor ___ Billy’s operation with x-rays and special exercises to make him stronger. A. went after B. followed up C. started up D. took on 8. A firm might sometimes sell at a loss to drive a competitor out of business, and__ increase its market power. A. therefore B. thereby C. hence D. further 9. You can ___ the video camera on a tripod (三脚架)，so that you don’t have to worry about holding it steady while you ask questions. A. withstand B. mount C. implement D. dwell 10. AIDS activists permanently changed and shortened America’s ___process for testing and approving new drugs of all kinds, for all diseases. A. efficient B. stagnant C. intricate D. appropriate 11.___ students should be motivated by a keen interest in theatre and should have some familiarity with plays in production.. A. prospective B. responsible C. ethnic D. realistic 12.However, the new law, once passed, will ___ the Bridlintong agreement illegal by giving workers the right to join unions of their choice.. A. convert B. render C. cancel D. eliminate 13.This course focuses on the ____ of economic analysis to the problems of inflation, unemployment, the balance of payments and enterprise behaviour. A. conception B. combination C. application D. introduction 14.The aircraft base is protected with specially designed shelters which are built to ___ ground and air attacks. A. launch B. withstand C. contest D. contend
2012大学英语四级考试写作辅导 记叙文的思路与练习 记叙文是以叙述人物的经历和事物的发展变化过程为主要表现形式的一种文体。记叙文既可以以写人为主，又可以以写事为主。写记叙文要注意记叙文的“六大要素”即： 时间（When）——何时发生，有没有具体时间？ 地点（Where）——何地发生，有没有地点变化？ 人物（Who）——何人参与，谁是主角？ 事件（What）——发生了什么，有何特点？ 原因（Why）——事件的起因？ 结果（How）——事件的经过及结局？ 一般说来，在一篇记叙文中这六大要素是缺一不可的。 记叙文的思路就围绕这六大要素充分展开。 【例】四级考试中，只出现过一次专门的记叙文体裁的写作，即“An Early Morning Walk”（1988.6.），2003年6月出现过包含记叙文的作文，即“An Eye-Witness Account of a Traffic Accident”。 对于“An Early Morning Walk”，知道命题要求后，我们就要开始构思了。 When：题目已规定了是“清晨”，在这个时候，“我”去散步。 Where：到哪儿散步？去公园？在校园里？在街上（街上空气不好，还是不去！）。 Who：在公园里看到晨练的人：中老年人、年轻人、小孩子;在校园里看到读书背单词的学生。 What：人们热火朝天地做操，随音乐跳舞，打球，等等。 Why：清晨空气清新，适合锻炼;一日之际在于晨，背背书，读读单词。 当然，由这个题目可以令人想到很多东西，因篇幅所限，我们做了删减。
An Early Morning Walk One morning I got up very early，and everything around was very quiet. The sun had just risen，shining brilliantly and everything seemed to be covered with a layer of golden silk. There were only some birds singing occasionally in the tall trees. I strolled along the street toward the park，breathing the fresh air and feeling extremely happy. When I arrived at the park，I found，to my surprise，that there were so many people there. Men and women，boys and girls，all were enjoying themselves in their various activities. Some were doing morning exercises，some were playing badminton and some old people were having their tea while talking to each other cheerfully. I wandered around the park. To my delight，I found a few middle-school students talking to each other in English in one corner of the park. I went up and spoke to them in English. We soon became friends. I was very glad to find another opportunity to practice my spoken English. On the way home，I realized that an early morning walk really was good and healthful. Taking early morning walks makes one healthy and wise. 【点评】文章按照时间顺序（in chronological order），第一句话点明时间（One morning）、人物（第一人称“I”），并简要描述了早晨的特点（What was the setting），接着第二段第一句话交代地点（in the park），然后介绍公园里人们及作者的活动（What was happening），最后在文章结尾点题，即，归纳中心思想——Taking early morning walks makes one healthy and wise. 仅仅189个单词既满足了记叙文的“六大要素”，又有明确的中心思想和生动的细节，行文方式符合要求。 1. 以“A Most Unlucky Day”为题，想想该怎么写。注意：题目的中心词是“unlucky”。 When： Where： Who： What： Why： How： 参考思路
最牛英语口语培训模式：躺在家里练口语，全程外教一对一，三个月畅谈无阻！ 洛基英语，免费体验全部在线一对一课程：https://www.doczj.com/doc/724906934.html,/ielts/xd.html（报名网址） In a telephone survey of more than 2，000 adults，21% said they believed the sun revolved (旋转)around the earth. An 71 7% did not know which revolved around 72. I have no doubt that 73 all of these people were 74 in school that the earth revolves around the sun; 75 may even have written it 76 at test. But they never 77 their incorrect mental models of planetary (行星的) 78 because their every day observations didn’t support 79 their teachers told them: People see the sun moving 80 the sky as morning turns to night，and the earth seems stationary (静止的) 81 that is happening. Students can learn the right answers 82 heart in class，and yet never combined them 83 their working models of the world. The objectively correct answer the professor accepts and the 84 personal understanding of the world can 85 side by side，each unaffected by the other. Outside of class，the student continues to use the 86 model because it has always worked well 87 that circumstance. Unless professors address 88 errors in students’personal models of the world，students are not 89 to replace them with the 90 one. 71.A.excessive B. extraC. additionalD. added 72.A.what B. whichC. thatD. other 73.A.virtually B. remarkablyC. ideallyD. preferably 74.A.learned B. suggestedC. taughtD. advised 75.A.those B. theseC. whoD. they 76.A.on B. withC. underD. for 77.A.formed B. alteredC. believedD. thought 78.A.operation B. positionC. motionD. location 79.A.how B. whichC. thatD. what 80.A.around B. acrossC. onD. above 81.A.since B. soC. whileD. for 82.A.to B. byC. inD. with 83.A.with B. intoC. toD. along 84.A.adult’s B. teacher’sC. scientist’sD. student’s 85.A.exist B. occurC. surviveD. maintain 86.A.private B. individualC. personalD. own 87.A.in B. withC. onD. for 88.A.general B. naturalC. similarD. specific 89.A.obliged B. likelyC. probableD. partial 90.A.perfectB. betterC. reasonableD. correct 【答案】： 71.C72.B73.A74.C75.D76.A77.B78.C79.D80.B 81.C82.B 83.A84.D85.A86.C87.A88.D89.B90.D 【答案解析】： 71.C四个答案都有“额外”的意思，但各有偏重。A重在表达“过量、超过正常的部分”;B是“在一类事物之外的额外部分”;D是“外加的”。因此只有C答案符合本题要求：“另外有7%的人不知道是谁绕着谁转。”
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Calculate for a moment what could be done with even a part of those hours. Five thousand hours, I am told, are what a typical college undergraduate spends working on a bachelor's degree. In 10,000 hours you could have learned enough to become an astronomer or engineer. You could have learned several languages fluently. If it appealed to you, you could be reading Homer in the original Greek or Dostoyevsky in Russian. If it didn't, you could have walked around the world and written a book about it. The trouble with television is that it discourages concentration. Almost anything interesting and rewarding in life requires some constructive, consistently applied effort. The dullest, the least gifted of us can achieve things that seem miraculous to those who never concentrate on anything. But Television encourages us to apply no effort. It sells us instant gratification(满意). It diverts us only to divert, to make the time pass without pain. Television's variety becomes a narcotic(麻醉的), nor a stimulus. Its serial, kaleidoscopic (万花筒般的)exposures force us to follow its lead. The viewer is on a perpetual guided tour: 30 minutes at the museum, 30 at the cathedral, 30 for a drink, then back on the bus to the next attraction—except on television., typically, the spans allotted arc on the order of minutes or seconds, and the chosen delights are more often car crashes and people killing one another. In short, a lot of television usurps(篡夺;侵占) one of the most precious of all human gifts, the ability to focus your attention yourself, rather than just passively surrender it. Capturing your attention—and holding it—is the prime motive of most television programming and enhances its role as a profitable advertising vehicle. Programmers live in constant fear of losing anyone's attention—anyone's. The surest way to avoid doing so is to keep everything brief, not to strain the attention of anyone but instead to provide constant stimulation through variety, novelty, action and movement. Quite
2019大学英语四级考试阅读专项练习(32) Passage 2 If you are looking for information, library shelves are a good place to start. But if you need up-to-the-minute data or have specialized needs, you may find a computerized database more useful, less expensive, and less time 11 .A database, a file of information on one subject or family of subjects, can be stored and 12 in a computer's memory. The speed of the computer then 13 you to recall any item in this file almost 14 The three main types of databases are statistical, bibliographic, and full text. Statistical databases store 15 amounts of numerical data, such as wage and price indexes, census information, foreign 16 rates and bond prices. Bibliographic databases store references to and summaries of articles in periodicals and newspapers. Full-text databases offer the complex texts of such 17 as newspaper, magazine, and journal articles. Thousands of databases exist today, and their numbers are growing. Many companies have their in-house database, which is 18 to employees through computer terminals or microcomputers. In addition, several hundred commercial databases are now available to the 19 , with literally millions of items of information readily obtainable. These databases 20 specific fields, such as law and financial forecasting, or general information, such as sports and weather data. A. exchange B. public C. instantly D. cover
2007年6月大学英语四级考试A卷试题以及答案 Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Welcome to our club. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given bellow: 欢迎辞，欢迎加入俱乐部。 标题：Welcome to our club 书写提纲： 1. 表达你的欢迎； 2. 对你们俱乐部作一个简要介绍。 Welcome to English club! It could serve as a platform to show your outstanding abilities and help you develop a range of great skills. You can be involved in a variety of activities including staging musical dramas, holding group discussions and watching Oscar-winning movies. These extra-curricular activities could offer you ample opportunities. First, you active participation is helpful to strengthen the sense of responsibility and managing interpersonal relations. Second, various activities organized by us could raise your level of proficiency in English. A good command of English empowers you to enjoy decided competitive edge over your peers. You can file a written application to our staff office or email us via bonoo@https://www.doczj.com/doc/724906934.html,. The deadline for entries is Sept.25th. Come on, join us now! 注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, mark Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; Y(for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. For questions 8-10. complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. Protect Your Privacy When Job-hunting Online Identity theft and identity fraud are terms used to refer to all types of crime in which someone wrongfully obtains and uses another person's personal data in some way that involves fraud or deception, typically for economic gain. The numbers associated with identity theft are beginning to add up fast these days. A recent General Accounting Office report estimates that as many as 750.000 Americans are victims of identity theft every year. And thai number may be low, as many people choose not to report the crime even if they know they have been victimized. Identity theft is "an absolute epidemic," states Robert Ellis Smith, a respected author and
目录 1.Should We Help Strangers? 2.Don’t Rely Too Much on Computers https://www.doczj.com/doc/724906934.html, Talent Show 4.Killing Time Indoors 5.Restrict Mobile Phone in Library 6.My Opinion on Micro-blog 7.Celebrities as Products’ Spokespersons 8.Spam Message 9.Internet Slang 10.How to Relieve Stress 11.Is Military Training Necessary Now 12.Whom Do You Turn to When in Trouble? 13.On Self-employment of College Graduates 14.Text Messages on TV Shows 15.Attending Your Classes Regularly 16. A Brief Introduction to the University 17. A Letter to a Friend 18.Student Consultant to the Dean Wanted 19. A Letter of Thanks 20.ＡLetter of Job Application 21.How to Succeed in Passing CET-4?
22.Protect Non-Material Cultural Heritage 23.Suspend Schooling to Work 24.Registering Online with Real Names 25.Create a Conservation-Oriented Campus 26.Should Chinese Athletes Serve Overseas？ 27.Low-carbon Lifestyle 28.The Real-name Train Ticket System Launched 29.On Vegetarian 30.Should We Resume The Traditional Chinese Characters? 31.Principals Recommending Students to PKU 32.On Professional Ethics of Doctors 33.Should We Trace and Reclaim Cultural Relics Lost Overseas? 34.Should Enterprises Hold an Annual Meeting? 35.Should Universities Lower Admission Requirements for Celebrities 36.Does Technology Widen the Gap between the Poor and Rich? 37.On Lottery 38.Dialects in Movies and TV Series 39.Should Parents Read Their Children’s Diaries?
全国大学英语四级考试流程及考生注意事项为了保证大学英语四级考试安全、顺利的进行，请各位考生熟悉以下流程和注意事项： 1、英语四级考试8：45考生进入考场 所有考生一律携带身份证、学生证和准考证进入考场。证件不全者，不得参加考试。考生进入考场后，调试耳机。 2、英语四级考试9：00迟到考生不得入场，监考员发答题卡1和卡2 考生用且只能用黑色字迹签字笔在答题卡上填写姓名、准考证号，用2B铅笔涂黑相应的信息点;暂不填写答题卡2上试卷代号一栏;考生不得提前答题，否则按违规违纪处理，并报省教育考试院处理。 3、英语四级考试9：10考试正式开始，开始做试题第一部分 考生做试题第一部分“写作”，务必用黑色字迹签字笔答题。 4、英语四级考试9：35监考员发试题册 考生不得提前翻阅或改变试卷位置，否则按违规违纪处理，并报省教育考试院处理。 5、英语四级考试9：40开始做试题的第二部分 英语四级写作部分考试结束;考生打开试题册，开始做试题的第二部分“快速阅读理解”。 6、英语四级考试9：55收答题卡1 收卷期间考生不得答题，否则按违规违纪处理，并报省教育考试院处理。 7、英语四级考试10：00听力考试正式开始。 8、英语四级听力考试结束后，开始做试题的第四部分 英语四级听力考试结束后，请立即摘下耳机，否则按违规违纪处理，并报省教育考试院处理;考生开始做试题的第四部分。 9、英语四级11：20考试结束 英语四级考试结束，考生立即停止答题，不离开座位，待监考教师收齐试卷、清点考试材料无误并同意考生离场后，考生方可退场。
10、考生不得提前退场和交卷 英语四级考试过程中，考生不得提前退场，包括提前交卷，否则按违规违纪处理，并报省教育考试院处理。 11、考生进入考场需携带2B铅笔和黑色签字笔，不得携带其它材料 考生进入考场不得携带的材料如书本、纸张、书包、录音器材、电子记事本和通讯工具(含BP机、对讲机和手机等)均不得带入考场，否则按违规违纪处理，并报省教育考试院处理。 12、本次考试的题型分为六部分，第一部分作文的题目在答题卡1上，其余五部分的题目在试题册上;考试材料包括：试题册、答题卡1和答题卡2;考试分A、B卷。
2019大学英语四级考试阅读专项练习(6) Passage 2 America's most famous woman is the Goddess of Liberty, i. e. the Statue of Liberty. It was first thought of in 1865 by Edouard de Laboulaye and designed by another Frenchman, Frederic Bartoldi. They wanted to 11 liberty and friendship. It was hoped that the monument would be completed by 1876 when America 12 its centennial. Fund raising and the 13 of the statue in France went slowly. It was 1885 when the 214 crates containing the statue reached New York. Americans were initially 14 for they had not raised the money to pay for the erection of the base. Fund raising by popular subscription was behind 15 . One fund raising method used was to have popular Americans write letters which were then sold in public. The base and statue, 16 272 feet tall, were completed in 1886. From a 17 standpoint, the statue is a marvel. The inner structure was designed by the French engineer, Alexandre Eiffel. His design for the stressed copper skin of the statue anticipated many of the 18 utilized in modern aircraft. After a century, the monument began to show signs of getting worse in 19 . Just as Frenchmen had created the Statue, so it was with restoration. A Frenchman noted the decay and French and American craftsmen and contributions brought about the renewal of the Statue in time for its centennial.Liberty is still 20 in France and the United States.