定语从句精讲+近三年真题（含答案和解析）
定语从句是高中英语第一大语法内容，必须清晰掌握。先看讲解，后面有近三年高考定语从句真题（含答案和解析），只要用心看，这篇文章绝对能帮你透彻掌握定语从句！
01定语从句基本概念
在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
02定语从句的关系词
引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
常见的关系代词包括that，which，who（宾格whom，所有格whose），as 等。
关系副词包括where，when，why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。
03定语从句的分类
根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。
1. 限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去。例如：
Any man that / who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing.
任何有责任感的人都不会做这样的事。
2. 非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。例如：
The house,which we bought last month,is very nice.
这幢房子很漂亮,是我们上个月买的.
注意：非限定性定语从句中不能使用关系代词that。
04关系代词的用法
1. that
that既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语可省略。例如：
Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.
玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。（that作主语）
The coat （that）I put on the desk is blue.
我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。（that作宾语）
2. which
which 用于指物，在句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语可省略。例如：
The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。（作主语）
The film （which）we saw last night was wonderful.
我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。（作宾语）
3. who，whom
who，whom 用于指人，who 用作主语和表语，whom用作宾语。在口语中，有时可用who 代替whom，也可省略。例如：
The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.
经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。（who 作主语）
Who is the teacher （whom）Li Ming is talking to？
正在与李明谈话的老师是谁？（whom 作宾语）
4. as
①引导限定性定语从句时，指与先行词相似的人或物，必须用于such/so...as...或the same...as...结构中，例如：
Such people as were mentioned by him were honest.
被他提到的这样的人是诚实的。
Last term our maths teacher set so difficult an examination problem as none of us worked out.
上学期我们数学老师出了一道我们没有一个人会的数学题。
This is the same bag as I lost yesterday.
这是和我昨天买的包一样的包。
②引导非限定性定语从句时，只能修饰句子，可置于被修饰句子后面、前面或主谓之间,翻译成“正如...那样”例如：
The earth moves around the sun, as we all know.
As we all know,The earth moves around the sun.
The earth, as we all know, moves around the sun
③在非限制性定语从句中，which和as引导定语从句时的区别：
a. which引导的从句不能放在主句前，而as引导的从句则既可以放在主句前，也可以放在主句后，还可以放在主谓之间。
b. as和which都可以指代一个句子，但as有“正如”、“就像”之意，which则没有此含义。
c. as 引导的非限定定语从句只能修饰句子，which 引导的非限定性定语从句可以修饰句子，也可以修饰名词。
注意：
1. 当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时，who，whom, that，which可省略，但介词在关系代词前时，只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如：
This is the house in which we lived last year.
这是我们去年居住的房子。
Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.
请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。
2. 含有介词的固定动词词组中，介词不可前置，只能放在原来的位置上。例如：
This is the person whom you are looking for.
这就是你要找的那个人。
3. 关系词只能用that的情况：
①先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：
He was the first person that passed the exam.
他是第一个通过考试的人。
当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用关系代词who。
②被修饰的先行词为all，any，much，many，everything，anything，none，the one 等不定代词时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：
Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop？
你在商店里有什么东西要买吗？
当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用关系代词who。
③先行词被the only，the very，the same，the last，little，few 等词修饰时，只能用that，而不用which。例如：
This is the same bike that I lost.
这就是我丢的那辆自行车。
注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用关系代词who。例如：
Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting.
王华是我们学校唯一将会出席这个会议的人。
④先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that.例如：
I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.
我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。
⑤以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that.例如：
Who is the girl that is crying？
正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？
⑥主句是there be 结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that，而不用which.例如：
There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.
桌子上那本书是汤姆的。
4. 关系词只能用which，而不用that 的情况：
①先行词为that，those时，用which，而不用that.例如：
What’s that which is under the desk？
在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？
②关系代词前有介词时，用which，而不用that.例如：
This is the room in which he lives.
这是他居住的房间。
③引导非限制性定语从句，用which，而不用that.例如：
Tom came back，which made us happy.
汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。
05关系副词的用法
1. when指时间，其先行词表示时间，在句中作时间状语。例如：
This was the time when he arrived.
这是他到达的时间。(when=at which)
2. where指地点，其先行词表示地点，在句中作地点状语。例如：
This is the place where he works.
这是他工作的地点。(where=at /in which)
3. why 指原因，其先行词是原因，起原因状语作用。例如：
Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.
没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。(why=for which)
下面来做做近三年定语从句真题吧，看看以上内容你掌握住了多少？
单句改错
1．(2016·四川)The dishes what I cooked were Mom's favorite.
【答案与解析】what→that/which或去掉what句意：我做的菜是妈妈最喜欢的。先行词dishes在定语从句中作宾语，故应用that，which或省略关系代词。
2．(2014·广西)And it is wise to have as many good friends that we can.
【答案与解析】 that→as句意：尽可能多交朋友是很明智的。本句是as...as...引导的定语从句，先行词是good friends，因为前面有as many修饰，所以关系代词使用as，指代先行词，并在句中作省略的have的宾语。
单句填空
1．(2016·新课标Ⅰ，65)But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid1980s，________ I was the first Western TV reporter.
【答案与解析】 when句意：……但是我是第一个被允许拍摄一个特殊的关于照料……的单元的西方电视台记者。先行词the mid1980s在定语从句中作时间状语，故应用when引导定语从句。
2．(2016·新课标Ⅲ，67)Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius，________ lived from roughly 551 to 479 B．C.，influenced the development of chopsticks.
【答案与解析】 who句意：一些人认为生活在大约公元前551年到479年之间的中国的伟大学者孔子影响了筷子的发展进程。所填词引导非限制性定语从句并在从句中作主语，指人，所以填who。
3．(2016·浙江，7)The study suggests that the cultures we grow up in influence the basic processes by ________ we see the world around us.
【答案与解析】 which句意：研究表明我们成长的文化影响我们看周围世界的基本过程。这是一个定语从句，先行词为指物的the basic processes，所以介词by后面用which。
4．(2016·浙江，11)Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears，none of ________ has been proved.
【答案与解析】 which句意：关于人类为什么哭的时候会流泪，科学家已经提出了很多理论，没有一个是被证明的。这是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是theories，指物，定语从句用“代词＋介词＋关系代词which”引导。
5．(2016·浙江，14)When the time came to make the final decision for a course，I decided to apply for the one ________ reflected my interest.
【答案与解析】 that句意：当到了最后决定课程的时候，我决定申请能反映我兴趣的课程。先行词为the one，所以引导词要用that。
6．(2016·北京，22)I live next door to a couple ________ children often make a lot of noise.
【答案与解析】 whose句意：我住在一对夫妻的隔壁，他们家的孩子们总是很喧闹。此处用引导词whose在定语从句中作定语修饰children。
7．(2016·天津，9)We will put off the picnic in the park until next week，________ the weather may be better.
【答案与解析】 when句意：我们将把在公园里进行野餐推迟到下周，那时天气可能更好。空后是非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少状语，先行词是表示时间的名词next week，故用when 引导。
8．(2015·新课标Ⅰ，64)I'd skipped nearby Guilin，a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River ________ are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings．
【答案与解析】 that/which句意：我没有参观附近的桂林——游客们寻找石灰岩山顶和漓
江黑水的理想的地点，它们被画家画到很多中国画中。因为先行词指物，且在定语从句中作主语，所以用that或which引导。
9．(2015·北京，24)Opposite is St.Paul's Church，________ you can hear some lovely music.
【答案与解析】 where句意：对面是圣·保罗大教堂，在那里，你可以听到美妙的音乐。因为先行词St.Paul's Church在非限制性定语从句中充当地点状语，所以这里使用where引导定语从句。
10．(2015·福建，34)China Today attracts a worldwide readership，________ shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.
【答案与解析】 which句意：《今日中国》获得全世界读者的关注，表明世界上越来越多的人想了解中国。which引导非限制性定语从句代替前面整句话。
11．(2015·湖南，29)It is a truly delightful place，________ looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.
【答案与解析】 which句意：这真是一个令人高兴的地方，这个地方看起来和一百年前一样，有蜿蜒的街道和美丽的小屋。先行词a truly delightful place是物，且在非限制性定语从句中作主语，所以用which引导。
12．(2015·天津，15)The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere ________ his employees enjoy their work.
【答案与解析】 where句意：这家公司的老板正试图创造一个员工都喜欢工作的轻松环境。先行词为抽象地点名词，定语从句中缺少状语，故用where引导。
13．(2015·江苏，21)The number of smokers，________is reported，has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.
【答案与解析】 as句意：据报道，仅一年的时间，吸烟人的数量就下降了百分之十七。此处由as引导非限制性定语从句，表示“正如……”。
14．(2015·四川，3)The books on the desk，________ covers are shiny，are prizes for us.
【答案与解析】 whose句意：桌子上封面发光的那些书是给我们的奖品。引导词在定语从句中作定语修饰covers，故关系词用whose。
15．(2015·陕西，15)As the smallest child of his family，Alex is always longing for the time ________ he should be able to be independent.
【答案与解析】 when句意：作为家里最小的孩子，艾历克斯一直期盼他能够独立。先行词为时间名词the time，定语从句中缺少状语，所以填关系副词when。
16．(2014·新课标Ⅰ，67)Maybe you have a habit ________ is driving your family crazy.
【答案与解析】 that/which句意：可能你有一个令你的家人发疯的习惯。habit后是一个定语从句，所填词引导该从句，且作主语，故用that或which。
17．(2014·山东，10)A company ________ profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.
【答案与解析】 whose句意：国内市场利润下降的公司可以从国外市场上寻找机会。所填词引导定语从句，并在从句中作定语，故用whose。
18．(2014·江苏，22)The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication，especially at work ________ a good impression is a must.
【答案与解析】 where句意：这本书在日常交流方面对我帮助很大，尤其是在需要有良好印象的工作中。work在此为表示地点的名词，其后是一个定语从句；要填的词引导从句并在从句中作状语，故用关系副词where。
19．(2014·湖南，31)I am looking forward to the day ________ my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.
【答案与解析】 when句意：我一直都在期待我的女儿能够读懂这本书并了解我对她的感情的那一天。要填的词引导一个定语从句，先行词是表示时间的the day；从句缺少状语，故填when。
20．(2014·北京，26)I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week，________ my classmates recommended to me.
【答案与解析】 which句意：上星期我从图书馆借阅了《夏洛克·福尔摩斯》一书，它是我同学推荐给我的。逗号后是一个非限制性定语从句，要填的词引导从句并在从句中作宾语，指事物，故填which。
21．(2014·重庆，9)We'll reach the sales targets in a month ________ we set at the beginning of the year.
【答案与解析】 that/which句意：一个月内我们将要实现年初我们设定的销售目标。此处用that或which代替the sales targets 在定语从句中作set的宾语。
22．(2014·陕西，13)Please send us all the information ______ you have about the candidate for the position.
【答案与解析】 that句意：请你把你手头的有关这个职位的候选人的所有信息发给我们。分析句子结构可知，空格处为定语从句引导词，定语从句先行词为all the information，故填
that。注：which引导的定语从句不修饰用all修饰的先行词。
23．(2014·四川，4)Until now，we have raised 50，000 pounds for the poor children，________ is quite unexpected.
【答案与解析】 which句意：直到现在，我们已经为贫困的孩子筹集到了五万英镑，这真的出乎意料。分析句子结构可知，空格处为非限制性定语从句引导词，指代上文提到的整件事情，故填which。
24．(2014·福建，31)Students should involve themselves in community activities________ they can gain experience for growth.
【答案与解析】 where句意：应该让学生参与社团活动，在活动中他们能够获得成长所需要的经验。分析句子结构可知，从空格处一直到句尾为定语从句，修饰先行词activities，并且先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，故填关系副词where。
25．(2014·安徽，22)The exact year ________ Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.
【答案与解析】 that/which句意：安吉拉和她家人一起在中国度过的确切年份是2008年。分析句子结构可知，空格处为定语从句的引导词，先行词为the exact year，在从句中作spent 的宾语，指物，故填that或which。
定语从句十年高考真题汇编 1.【2012全国卷II】⒏ That evening, ______I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late. A. that B. which C. what D. when 2.【2012安徽】29. A lot of language learning, ______has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period. A. as B. it C. which D. this 3.【2012重庆】29. Sales director is a position ______communication ability is just as important as sales skills. A. which B. that C. when D. where 4.【2012北京】26. When deeply absorbed in work, ______ he often was，he would forget all about eating or sleeping. A. that B. which C. where D. when 5.【2012福建】23. The air quality in the city, _____ is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months. A. that B. it C. as D. what 6.【2012陕西】14. It is the third time that she has won the race, ____ has surprised us all. A. that B. where C. which D. what 7.【2012山东】23. Maria has written two novels, both of ___ have been made into television series. A. them B. that C. which D. what 8.【2012湖南】34. Care of the soul is a gradual process ____ even the small details of life should be considered. A. what B. in what C. which D. in which 9.【2012天津】7. I wish to thank Professor Smith, without ____ help I would never have got this far. A. who B. whose C. whom D. which 10.【2012江西】28. By 16:30, ____ was almost closing time, nearly all the paintings had been sold. A. which B. when C. what D. that 11.【2012四川】13. In our class there are 46 students, _____ half wear glasses. A. in whom B. in them C. of whom D. of them 12.【2012浙江】9. We live in an age ______ more information is available with greater ease than ever before. A. why B. when C. to whom D. on which 13.【2012浙江】17. Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature, _____, for some reason, had withdrawn from all human society. A. which B. who C. where D. whom 14.【2012江苏】22. After the flooding, people were suffering in that area, ____ urgently needed clean water, medicine and shelter to survive. A. which B. who C. where D. what 15.【2011全国卷I】The prize will go to the writer _____ story shows the most imagination. A. that B. which C. whose D. what 16. 【2011全国卷II】Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt, _____ is a stupid thing to do in such weather. A. this B. that C. what D. which 17.【2011北京卷】Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, _____, of course, make all the others upset. A. who B. which C. what D. that 18.【2011上海卷】You’ll find taxis waiting at the bus station _____ you can hire to reach your host family. A. which B. where C. when D. as 19.【2011山东卷】The old town has narrow streets and small houses _____ are built close to each other. A. they B. where C. what D. that 20.【2011江西卷】She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction _____ had taken more than three years. A. for which B. with which C. of which D. to which 21.【2011江苏卷】Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, _____ the audience can buy ice-cream. A. when B. where C. that D. which 22.【2011安徽卷】Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, _____ it will keep for two or three weeks. A. when B. which C. where D. while 23. 【2011浙江卷】English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of _____ uses it somewhat differently. A. which B. what C. them D. those 24. 【2011浙江卷】A bank is the place _____ they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when
定语从句讲与练 定语从句是整个高中阶段的重点语法项目。无论在书面表达还是在单项选择中定语从句经常出现。现将其用法讲解如下。 一、基本概念 所谓定语从句就是用一个句子来作定语。基本构成是“先行词+关系词+从句部分”。 这里有两点需要强调：1.从句部分中不能再出现“先行词”；2.关系词的使用与先行词相关，但主要是又从句的谓语动词来决定的。 (1)误：It is the thing that I am looking for it. 正：It is the thing that I am looking for. (2)I still remembered the day that I spent in the small village. I still remembered the day when I stayed at the small village. 上面两句中，一个用that,因为spent是及物动词，而另一句中用when,因为stayed是不及物动词。 二、关系词的判定 关系词能够分成两类：关系代词（that, which, who, whom, whose, as）和关系副词(when, where, why)。按照定语从句的要求：先行词在从句中充当某种成分，所以我们在判定关系词时能够这样做：如果先行词在从句中作主语、宾语、标语等则考虑关系代词；如果先行词在从句中作状语则用关系副词（或介词+which）。特别是在充当宾语时，我们要注意从句的谓语动词，是及物动词的用关系代词，是不及物动词的用关系副词。如： 1.Do you still remember the chicken farm _______ we visited three months age? A. where B. when C. that D. what 2.I have many friends, ______ some are businessmen.. A. of them B. from which C. who of D. of whom 3.A terrible earthquake happened in that district at the end of 2004, ______ many countries in the world paid close attention to this. A. where B. when C. which D. what 4.He is such a lazy man _______ nobody wants to work with _______. A. as, him B. that, x C. as, x D. whom, him (Key：1.C 2.D 3.B 4.C) 三、定语从句的相关知识 1.只用that的情况：①先行词被形容词最高级所修饰，先行词被序数词修饰，先行词被only, any, few, little, no, all, one of等不定代词修饰；②先行词是all, much, little, none, few, one of 等不定代词；③先行词既有人又有物时；④先行词在主句中作表语，关系词在从句中作表语时；⑤当主句中含有疑问词which时。 例如：①He was looking pleasantly at the children and parcels that filled his bus. ②The village is no longer the one that was 5 years ago. ③Which are the books that you bought for me? 2.只用which的情况：①在非限定性定语从句中；②在关系词前有介词时；③当先行词本身是that时；④当关系词离先行词较远时。 3.whose能够指人或物，在从句中作定语。其结构为“先行词+whose +名词+其它”。 ★whose + n. = the + n. of which = of which + the +n. 这三个结构在定语从句中我们认为是相同的，能够相互转换。如：
定语从句 一学习目标 1.熟练掌握定语从句 二考点解析 ⊙定从的功能—解释说明 This is the factory that/which can produce such machines 这就是能制造这种机器的工厂This is the factory that/which we visited last week 这就是我们上周参观的工厂 ⊙定语从句 定义：一个简单句跟在名词或代词后（先行词）进行修饰限定，就叫做定语从句。这个简单句在主句中充当定语成分。 I bought a cow that looked like a horse. ⊙定语从句怎么考？ 语法 22.I live next door to a couple children often make a lot of noise.（2016高考北京卷） A.whose B.why C.where D.which 完形 Balto put his nose to the ground, 52 to find the smell of other dogs that had traveled on the trail. （2016高考北京卷） 阅读&写作 A nurse who understands the healing(治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.（2016高考全国卷D篇） Last year, I spent all my time looking for a job where, without dealing with the public , I could work alone, but still have a team to talk to. （2016高考北京卷阅读A篇） ⊙定从原理：把两个句子合为一个，两个句子有相同的部分，此时可以把其中一个句子作为另一个句子的修饰限定部分。
定语从句：精讲精例精练 一、定语从句及相关术语 1. 定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句, 一般紧跟它所修饰的先行词后面。 2. 关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。 ①关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose, as 等； ②关系副词：where, when, why等。 3. 关系词的作用： ①引导定语从句；②代替先行词；③在定语从句中担当一个成分。 二、关系代词引导的定语从句 1.who指人, 在从句中做主语 (1) The boys who are playing football are from Class One. (2) Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way. 2. whom指人, 在定语从句中充当宾语, 常可省略。 (1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus. (2) Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see. 注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替, 可省略。 (3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend. 3. which指物, 在定语从句中做主语或者宾语, 做宾语时可省略 (1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. (2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. 4. that指人时, 相当于who 或者whom；指物时, 相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语, 做宾语时可省略。 (5) The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million. (6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning? 5. whose通常指人, 也可指物, 在定语从句中做定语 (1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor. (2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in. whose指物时, 常用以下结构来代替 (3) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. (4) The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired. (5) Do you like the book whose cover is yellow? (6) Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow? 三、介词+关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时, 从句常由介词+关系代词引导 (1) The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous. (2) The school in which he once studied is very famous. (3) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for. (4) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked. (5) We'll go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we have often talked about. (6) We'll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.
2016-2020高考英语试题分类汇总-定语从句（解析 版） 【2020年】 1.（2020·江苏卷）Many lessons are now available online, from __________ students can choose for free. A. whose B. which C. when D. whom 【答案】B 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：许多课程现在都可以在网上找到，学生们可以从中免费选择。此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词是many lessons，关系词在从句中做介词from的宾语，应使用关系代词which 引导。故选B。 3.（2020·天津卷）Dr. Rowan, __________ secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing. A. whose B. of whom C. of which D. which 【答案】A 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：罗文博士的秘书两周前辞职了，他现在只能自己打字。______ secretary resigned two weeks ago是非限制性定语从句，修饰Dr. Rowan，引导词在从句中作定语，表示“Dr. Rowan’s ”，表示“……的” ，应用关系代词whose引导该从句，故选A。 3.（2020·新课标Ⅲ卷）In ancient China lived an artist61 paintings were almost lifelike. 【答案】whose 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：中国古代有一位画家，他的画几乎栩栩如生。此处为定语从句修饰先行词artist，且先行词在从句中作定语，故应用关系代词whose。故填whose。 【2019年】 1.【2019·江苏卷】We have entered into an age _______ dreams have the best chance of coming true. A. which B. what C. when D. that 【答案】C 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们已经进入到了一个时代，在这个时代梦想实现的机会最大。句中先行词为an age（一个时代），且先行词在从句中做时间状语，所以关系词用when。故选C。 2.【2019·天津卷】Their child is at the stage__________ she can say individual words but not full sentences. A. why B. where C. which D. what 【答案】B 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：他们的孩子正处于能说单个单词而不能说完整句子的阶段。句中she can
定语从句专项讲解与练习 定语从句的定义：从句作定语，修饰名词、代词，这样的从句叫定语从句。 定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句作定语放在先行词的前面。 如果要表达:我喜欢那个漂亮的女孩。I love the pretty girl. 如果要表达：那个喜欢我的女孩。只能借助于定语从句the girl who loves me. 其中the girl即为定语从句的先行词，而who即为定语从句的关系词。 指人：who、whom 关系代词指物：which、as （作主宾表）指人和物:that,whose 关系词表时间：when 关系副词表地点：where （作状）表原因：why 1、who 指人，who在从句中当主语。 He who has not reached the Great Wall isn’t a true man. 不到长城非好汉。 The teacher ___________spoke at the meeting just now is having a rest in his office. 中文意思：____________________________________________________________________ ?作主语时不能省略，作宾语时可省略。 2、whom 指人，是who的宾格形式，在从句中作宾语，前面没有介词时，可用who/that来代替，也可省略。The girl ___________________ I like isn’t here now. 中文意思：____________________________________________________________________ The doctor with ________________she went to the United States last month is very famous. 中文意思：____________________________________________________________________ The person ___________________ you met yesterday is our Chinese teacher. 中文意思：____________________________________________________________________ 3、whose 指“谁的”，或“某物的”，在从句中作修饰词。 whose和它所修饰的名词在定语从句中可作主语及动词或介词的宾语。 The girl ___________father is a doctor is our classmate. You’re the only one ____________ advice he might listen to. 中文意思：____________________________________________________________________ I’d like a room _______________window looks out over the sea. 中文意思：____________________________________________________________________ 4、that 在从句中作主语或宾语，既可以指人又可以指物；作宾语时可以省略。 She is the very person (that) I want to see at once. 中文意思：____________________________________________________________________ A plane is a machine_____________ can fly. 中文意思：____________________________________________________________________
定语从句 1什么是定语从句？ 由一个完整的句子充当定语的从句为定语从句。 2特点：和其它类从句比较，除了有引导词（关系词）定语从句有“先行词”。 3什么是先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词/代词为先行词。 4定语从句的种类：限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。 5定语从句引导词（关系词）的种类：关系代词和关系副词。 例：I work in a school which was built 50 years ago. 在此句中”school”为先行词，which 来引导定语从句，“which was built 50 years ago.”整句话来修饰先行词做定语，所以这是个定语从句。 注：定语从句的引导词通常置于先行词之后引导定语从句。（一）代词性引导词和副词性引导词，即关系代词和关系副词。代词性引导词有：that,which,who,whom,whose,as等，副词性引导词有：when,where,why等，代词性引导词在定语从句中充当主语/宾语，副词性引导词在定语从句中充当状语。 注：what 不能引导定语从句，因为what从句属于名词性从句。（二）基本用法。 1．先行词性质不同要使用不同的引导词，先行词指人时，可用that,who,whom代指，who与whom的区别在于who是主格，在从
句中作主语，whom是宾格，在从句中作宾语，而that作主语/宾语均可。先行词指物时，用that/which代指，可见，that既可代指人的先行词，也可代指物的先行词。 例：Do you know the man that is standing by the door? 此句that 引导定语从句，代指先行词the man. 例：This is the book that I have been looking for . 此句that引导定语从句，代指先行词the book. 例：This is the book which I have been looking for. 此句which引导定语从句，代指先行词the book. 例：Do you know the man who is standing by the door? 此句who 引导定语从句，代指行行词the man,作从句的主语。也可用that引导从句，如” Do you know the man that is standing by the door?” 例：The lady whom we saw this morning is Mrs.Brown. 此句whom引导定语从句，代指先行词the lady，在从句中作宾语。也可用that引导即“The lady that we saw this morning is Mrs.Brown.” 例：As is known to all,China is a large country. As is know to all是个很常用的表达方式，这也是的定语从句，只不过它的位置不像别的定语从句在先行词的后面，本句as代指主句的含义“中国是个大国“。 As是一个特殊的引导词，引导定语从句时为代词。不像其他的
定语从句精讲精练 (一)关系代词的选用 1.首先找准先行词，并弄清先行词是人还是物。 2.必须弄清先行词在从句中所作的成分，这是选择关系代词的关键。 ⑴先行词指人，并在从句中作主语、宾语，关系代词用who/that; as； ⑵先行词指物，并在从句中作主语、宾语，关系代词用that/which/as; ⑶先行词指人、指物、并在从句中作表语，关系代词用that/as/who/which; ⑷先行词指句子，并在从句中作主语、宾语、表语，关系代词用which,as； ⑸先行词是“时间名词”，如在从句中作主语、宾语，关系代词用which/that/as; 作状语，用when; ⑹先行词是“地点名词”，如在从句中作主语、宾语，关系代词用which/that/as; 作状语，用where; ⑺先行词是reason ，如在从句中作主语、宾语，关系代词用which/that/as; 作状语，用why; ⑻先行词指人、物，并在从句中作定语，用whose,指物时，可与 the＋名词＋of which互换； ⑼先行词是way,manner等词，关系代词用that，in which,亦可省略； ⑽关系代词前有介词时，关系代词用which(指物),who(指人)。 3.选择关系代词时应注意的几点： ⑴that 不能放在介词之后作宾语， which,who则可以，如介词在句子后面时，也可用that,也可省略。 This is the room in which we lived last year.=This is the room we lived in last year.这是我们去年住过的房间。 ⑵that不能引导非限定性定语从句，其它关系词可以，引导非限定性定语从句的关系代词不可省略。 We walked down the village street,where they were having market day.我们沿着村子的大街走去，村民们正在那里赶集。 ⑶as 引导定语从句，主句中的先行词常被such，the same或 so 修饰。the same...as 指“相类似的人（物）”，而 the same... that 指“同一人（物）。 We will give you such information as will help you in your work.我们将向你们提供有助于你们工作的资料。 This is the same bag as I lost yesterday.这个包和我昨天丢失的那个一样。（相似性）
定语从句 一．考点概述： 本考点是历年高考中考查的重点，主要考查关系代词(who, which,that,whose,whom)和关系副词（when, where, why）的用 法；考查形式：语法填空和短文改错；其次阅读理解和完型填空中长难 句的分析等 二．考点聚焦 功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语 位置：定语从句置于被修饰词之后 例如： He is the man who studies in USA. 本句中涉及到三个概念： 1.先行词即 the man：被定语从句饰的词称为先行词 先行词一般是名词和不定代词，如:some-, any-, every-和no与-boy, -thing的合成词；或all、none、any、some、that、those等代词。数词也可以作先行词，人称代词也同样 可作先行词。 2. 引导词即who:起连接的作用 引导词分两类：关系代词和关系副词 关系代词：who;which;that;whose;whom 关系副词：when;where;why 3.从句即studies in USA.：引导词之后的句子。 三．考点精讲 1. 关系代词 : who;which; that; whom; whose 其中关系代词who;which;that;whom用于后面的从句缺主语或宾语的情况 (1)who:指代先行词是人(可做从句的主语或宾语)
She is the girl who I teach in China.(从句缺宾语) That is the man who teaches us English.(从句缺主语) (2)which:指代先行词是物（做从句的主语或宾语） That is the book which I want.(从句缺宾语) There is a bird which stands in the building.(从句缺主语) (3)that: 指代先行词是人或物（做从句的主语或宾语） She is the girl who/that I teach in China.(从句缺宾语) There is a bird which/that stands in the building.(从句缺主语) (4)whom;指代先行词是人，但只用于从句是缺宾语的情况。 She is the girl who/whom I teach in China.(从句缺宾语) That is the man whom teaches us English.(从句缺主语,本句用whom是错误的) (5)whose:指代从句中缺定语的情况（表示所属关系） That is the building whose windows broke last night.(本句中的windows是属于 the building构成一种所属关系即缺少building’s) 2.关系副词：when;where;why(该三个词主要用于从句是不缺主语或是宾语的情况 即从句是个完整句) (1) when:指代先行词表时间如：time；month;year;occasion等(形式上等于介词 +which) I still remember the day when /on which I came to Beijing.(该从句是一个完整的句子，先行词是the day在从句中需要加个介词on来做状语的成分即I came to Beijing on the day) (2)where :指代先行词是地点的词如：place;house;school;也可以是模糊的词如：point;stage;work;situation等(形式上等于介词+which) That is the place where/in which I was born .(该从句I was born也是一个完整句，即不缺主语或宾语的，此时where可以换成in which) (3)why:指代先行词是表原因的词即：reason（形式上只能是等于for+which) That is the reason why/for which he was late for school.
定语从句讲与练 一、定语的概念： 定语是用来修饰名词或代词的。比如：(先试试用横线划出下面短语中的定语，然后在后面的括号里注明是什么在作定语) a beautiful girl （）three boys （） a shoe factory （） Jim’s father ( ) our teacher ( ) the man in the car （） the man standing at the door（） the man who is talking with Sam （）二、定语从句的概念及主要特征： 1．定语从句：修饰某______或_______的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫_______；定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词________；引导定语从句的词叫________。 请划出下列句子中的定语从句、先行词及关系代词： The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. Do you know the man who is talking with your mother? Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am working The boy (whom) she loved died in the war.. I like those books whose topics are about history. 2. 定语从句的主要特征： （1）先行词要在从句中充当一定的成分； （2）what永远不能引导定语从句； （3）翻译时先译从句，翻译成“…….的”，请翻译： The boy whose father works abroad is my desk mate. A plane is a machine that can fly. She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much. The book (which) I gave you was worth $10. The picture which was about the accident was terrible. He is such a person as is respected by all of us. This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. 3.用定语从句合并两个句子 1.Mr. Smith is a teacher. He is very strict. 2.The girl is called Mary. I saw her yesterday. 3.There are two other sharks. They are fierce. 4.This is the factory. I visited it last year. 5.This is the most exciting moment. I will never forget it. 6.I have found such books. They are beneficial to us. 7.I bought the same dress. You wore the dress yesterday. 8.He is such a kind teacher. We all like him. 9.The house is Tom’s. Its door faces south. 10.The house is Tom’s. The door of the house faces south. 总结：“先行词==关系词==定语从句中所缺成分” 三、定语从句的基本用法： 略
定语从句 一.定义： 定语：定语可以由形容词、代词、数词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语等来担任，修饰名词或代词。定语从句：用来修饰主句中一个词或词组的句子，称为定语从句。 要素：先行词（主句中被修饰的词）；关系代词副词（从句的引导词） 考纲要求：对于定语从句要求掌握以下内容： 1. 引导限制性定语从句的关系词 2. 引导非限制性定语从句的关系词 3. 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 4. 介词+关系代词用法 5. 不定代词数词+of which / wh引|r导的非限制性定语从句及其结构与并列句的判断 6. 关系词间的转换及选用 认识: Handsome boys = the boys who are handsome Beautiful flowers = the flowers which are beautiful 二.限制性定语从句： 限制性定语从句：这种从句和主句的关系十分密切，写时不可用逗号分开。限制性定语从句 常由that, which, who, whom, whose, when, where, why,a引导。 （一）关系词：关系代词和关系副词 1. 关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词:that, who, whom, which, whose 用法： （1）.限制性定语从句中只能用that不用which的情况:
a. 先行词为不定代词everything, anything, nothing ,something , all, much, little, none, few, some 等不定代词修饰时用that。 He did everything that he could to help us. There is little that I can do for you. b. 先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词修饰时用that。 This is the best book that I 've ever read. This is the first thing that I want to say. c. 当先行词是one of, the one, 或者先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much, the only, the very, the same, the last, few, jus等修饰时用that。 It is the one that you want. All the things that we can do is to give you some advice. It is the only thing that I like to do. d. 当先行词包含了指人和物两方面的含义时用that。 They talked about the things and persons that they knew in the school. e. 在疑问词who、which、what开头的句子中，用that Who is the man that spoke to you at the gate? Which is the star that is nearest to the earth? f. 先行词是主句的表语且关系代词在从句中作表语时用that。 He is not the boy that he used to be. China is no longer the country that it used to be. (2) .限制性定语从句中只用which不用that的情况： a. 在非限制性定语从句中 She didn 't pass the exam, which made her sad. b. 关系代词前有介词时 This is the room in which Lu Xun lived. c. 先行词本身是that The clock is that which tells the time.