延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换：leave --- be away, borrow --- keep, buy --- have,
begin/start --- be on, die --- be dead, finish --- be over, join --- be in+ 组织机构, be a member of+ 组织机
构, get up---be up, come here --- be here, go there --- be there, become --- be, come back --- be
back, get to/ arrive/reach --- be (in), leave --- be away from,
补充练习：
1. When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus _______ for 20 minutes.
A. has left
B. had left
C. has been away
D. had been away
2. I ____ the League for 5 years so far.
A. joined
B. have joined
C. have been in
3. The factory ______ since the February of 1988.
A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened
4. Mary and Rose ______ friends since they met in 2000.
A. have made
B. have been
C. made
D. have become
5. _________________ You mustn't until he comes back.
A. be away
B. leave
C. be left
6. ____________________ The meeting for a week now.
A. has finished
B. has ended
C. has been over
7. _____________ Miss Gao this school for nearly 5 years.
A. has been in
B. has come to
C. has taught
8. _________ B en a teacher for 4 years .
A. has been
B. has become
C. was
D. became
9. I ____ home for a week.
A. have returned
B. have been back
C. returned
10. How long _____ he ________ ?
A. died
B. has, died
C. has, been dead
12.He _______ the car for a week.
A. bought
B. has bought
C. has had
14.Since 2000, he ____ his hometown.
A. has left
B. has moved away
C. has been away from
15.I'll lend you the book , but you can only _____ it for 2 days.
A. borrow
B. keep
C. take
18.He _______ for 2 hours.
A. got up
B. has got up
C. has been up
20. ---- How long can I _____ the book? ------------------ Two weeks.
A. borrow
B. lend
C. get
D. keep
情态动词专项复习
( ) 1. Mr Wang _______ be in Nanjing now, he went to Beijing only this morning.
A. mustn ' t
B. may not
C. can ' t
D. needn 't
()2. - Must I saty at home, Mum? --No, you _____ .
A. needn 't
B. mustn 't
C. don 't
D. may not ( )3. - Can you go swim ming with us this after noon?
--Sorry, I can ' t. I ____ take care of my little sister at home because my mother is
A. can
B. may
C. would
D. have to
()4. —May I go to the cin ema, Mum? -- Certa in ly. But you ____ be back by 11 o
A. can
B. may
C. must
D. need
( ) 5. To make our city more beautiful, rubbish ____ into the river.
A. needn 't be thrown
B. mustn 't be thrown
C. can 't throw
D. may not throw
()6. - May I go out to play basketball, Dad? ill. clock
--No, you _____ . You must finish your homework first. A. mustn ' t B. may not C. couldn ' t D. needn 't (
)7. - Where is Jack, please ? --He ____ be in the reading room.
A. can
B. need
C. would
D. must ()8. - Who is the man over there? Is it Mr Li?
--No, it _____ be him. Mr Li is much taller. A. musn 't B. may not
C. can 't
D. needn 't
(
) 9. These books _____ out of the reading room. You have to read them here.
A. can 't take
B. must be taken
C. can take
D. mustn 't be taken
)10. - Mum, may I watch TV now?
help me with my housework first.
difficult.
A. can
B. may
C. must
D. need
(
) 15. Put on more clothes. You _____ be feeling cold with only a shirt on. A. can B. could C. would D. must
(
) 16. It ' s steillarly. You ________ .
A. mustn ' t hurry
B. wouldn ' t hurry
C. may not hurry
--Sure, but you
A. can
B. may
C. must
D. could
) 11. The boy said he had to speak English in class, but he
speak it after calss. A. could
B. didn 't have to
C. might
D. shouldn 't )12. — Must we hand in the papers now?
--No, you A. can ' t B. may not
C. mustn ' t
D. needn 't
) 13. John go there with us tonight, but he isn
't very sure about it.
A. must
B. can
C. will
D. may
) 14. Even the top students in our class can
't wutotrhkisoproblem. So it
be very
D. don ' t have to
A. shall
B. should
C. do
D. may
hurry
()17.- May I stop here?
--No, you ______ .
A. mustn 't
B. might not
C. needn 't
D. won 't
(
) 18. A computer _____ t hink for itself, it must be told what to do.
A. can 't
B. couldn 't
C. may not
D. might not
(
) 19. - Could I borrow your dictionary?
( ) 22. _____ I know your name?
A. May
B. Will
C. Shall
D. Must
( ) 23. You _____ be more careful next time.
A. have to
B. may
C. must
D. might
( ) 24. You _____ miss the lesson, though we _____ have it on Thursday. A. mustn 't; needn 't
B. needn 't; mustn 't
needn ' t; needn 't (
) 25. This pen looks like mine, yet it isn ' t. whose ______ it be?
A. must
B. may
C. would
D. can
(
) 26. What kinds of homes will we live in the future? Nobody _____ be sure, but scientists are
working out new ideas now. A. will
B. may
C. can
D. must
( ) 27. I _____ like to know where you were born.
A. might
B. will
C. can
D. should
( ) 20. Pe ter ______ c ome with us tonight, but he isn
A. must
B. may
C.
can
(
) 21. Michael _____ be a policeman, for he
't very sure yet.
D. will
's much too short.
A. needn ' t
B. can ' t
C. should
D. may
-- Yes, of course you ______
C. mustn ' t; mustn 't
D.
--No, you . I think that will make him sad. (
) 39.
A. read
B. reading
C. to read
D. reads
( ) 28. ________ you be happy!
A. Might
B. Must
C. Wish
D. May ( ) 29. A teacher _______ do every exercise, but a student must.
A. may not
B. needn ' t
C. can ' t
D. mustn 't
( ) 30. The matter _______ be changed into a gas, but it _____ be heated to its boiling point.
A. may; needn ' t
B. may; can
C. mustn ' t; needn ' t
D. can; must
( ) 31. Teachers and students ________ look coldly at you for a day or two, but there are friendly
feelings in their hearts.
A. must
B. can
C. may
D. should
( ) 32. Cars and buses _______ stop when the traffic lights turn red.
A. can
B. need
C. may
D. must
(
)33. - Do you think his story _______ true?
--1 don ' think so. But it sounds good.
A. must be
B. may be
C. can be
D. has to be
(
) 34. Look out! The knife is very sharp. You _____ cut your finger.
A. need
B. must
C. should
D. may
()35. - How long __________ the book be kept?
--For two weeks, but you _____ return it on time.
A. can; may
B. may; need
C. can; must ()36. - May I have an apple, Mum?
--Certainly. But you _____ wash your hands first? A. may
B. must
C. can
D. need (
)37. - There is a lot of smoke coming out of the teachi ng build ing there.
--Really? It _____ be a fire, most probably. A. can
B. ought to
C. may
D. must
()38. - Shall I tell John about the bad news?
D. must; need
A. needn ' t
B. wouldn 't
C. shouldn ' t
D. mustn 't
-Could I call you by your first name?
the man there be our new teacher?
(
)42. - Sometime is knocking at the door. Who
be Tom. He is still in the school.
A. can; can 't
B. can; mustn 't
C. might; could
D. might; may
专题复习
A. borrow; lend
B. keep; lend
C. lend; borrow
D. keep; borrow
them much time to fly to Beijing from Shanghai.
be in Nanjing now, he went to Beijing only this morning.
) 40.
A. will —Let A. No, I can
B. could
C. may
D. might
s go to the cinema, shall we?
t B. Yes, I will C. Yes, thank you D. No, we 'd better not
--He
be, but I 'm not sure.
A. May; mustn 't
B. Can; may
C. Must; can 't
D. Can; can
't
A. spend
B. use
C. take
D. pay
A. mustn 't be
B. may not
C. can '
D. needn ' )4. - Do you like the music the Moonlight Sonata?
--Yes, it really beautiful.
A. feels
B. sounds
C. listens
D. hears
) 5. Lily finished
the book yesterday.
--Yes, you ( ) 41. --
it be?
--It (
) 1. -- How long may I
your book?
--For a week. But you musn
't
it to others.
) 2. It won ' t ) 3. Mr Wang
现在完成时（短暂性动词与延续性动词）的用法 基本结构：主语+have/has+过去分词(done) ①肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他 ②否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他 ③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他 ④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词+其他） （1）现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和现在有联系,也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在. I have spent all of my money.(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.) Jane has laid the table.(含义是:现在桌子已经摆好了.) Michael has been ill.(含义是:现在仍然很虚弱) He has returned from abroad. (含义是:现在已在此地) （2）现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作（用行为动词表示）或状态（be动词表示）常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用. Mary has been ill for three days. I have lived here since 1998. 注（超重要）：瞬间动词（buy,die,join,lose……）不能直接与for since 连用。要改变动词come-be go out-be out finish-be over open-be open die-be dead 1.have代替buy My brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years. 2、用keep或have代替borrow I have kept(不能用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days. 3、用be替代become How long has your sister been a teacher? 4、用have a cold代替catch a cold Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday. 5、用wear代替put on
延续性动词与非延续性动词及其转换 动词按其动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词与非延续性动词。 一.延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。 表示时间段的短语有:for+一段时间,for 2 years; since从句,since he came here; since+时间点名词,since last year, since 5 days ago; how long; for a long time等。 例:He has lived here for 6 years. You can keep the book for 5 days. I stayed there for 2 weeks last year. How long did you stay there last year? 二.非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。如:open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy等。 非延续性动词在肯定句中与表示时间点的状语连用，如：two years ago; at 5 o'clock; 例:He died 5 years ago. 否定的终止性动词可以与表示时间段的时间状语连用。例:I haven't left here for 3 years. I haven't heard from him for 3 weeks. 三.延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换：leave --- be away, borrow --- keep, buy --- have, begin/start --- be on, die --- be dead, finish --- be over, join --- be in+组织机构, be a member of+组织机构, open sth --- keep sth open, fall ill --- be ill, get up---be up, catch a cold --- have a cold, come here --- be here, go there --- be there, become --- be, come back --- be back, fall asleep --- be asleep, get to/ arrive/reach --- be (in), leave --- be away from, get to know --- know, go (get) out →be out，put on→wear；catch a cold →have a cold 等。例:The old man died 4 years ago. ----The old man has been dead for 4 years. ---- It is 4 years since the old man died. ----Four years has passed since the old man died. He joined the Party 2 years ago. -----He has been in the
延续性动词与非延续性动词 动词按其动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词与非延续性动词。 一．延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,如:stuｄy, ｌearn，work, ｓｔanｄ,ｌie,ｋｎｏw, ｗalk, keep, ｈave,waiｔ, ｗａtch, sing，ｒeaｄ, sleep，li ｖe,ｓtaｙ等。延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。延续性动词的用法很广，常见于现在完成时中的句子中,且常与for，ｈoｗ，lｏng，since等引导的表示一段时间的状语或状语从句连用。 表示时间段的短语有: 1.foｒ+一段时间, eｇ: fｏｒ2 yeａｒs; fｏr a lonｇｔiｍｅ等 ２.since从句，siｎｃｅhe came ｈeｒe; ３.sincｅ＋时间点名词+agｏ, eｇ：since ｌast yeaｒ, ｓinｃe 5dａyｓago; 4.ｈoｗloｎg; 二.非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词或点动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。如：oｐeｎ,diｅ,clｏsｅ, beｇin，ｆinish,ｃoｍe, go, ｍove, boｒroｗ, lend, ｂｕy, move, happen,mａrry,ａrrive/rｅa ｃｈ, ｐost，fａlｌ, breaｋ, ｌｏsｅ,ｇｉve, jｏin, rｅｃeｉve,hear，he
间的的状语连用。 这类动词不是不能用于完成时态。只是不能用于由ｈow loｎg提问的句子和含有ｆoｒ＋一段时间的完成时态中。 常见的这类动词有：ｇo, cｏme，leave,aｒrive,lｏsｅ, lａnd, ｃatch，j ｏin, kilｌ，fiｎd等。 例如：1. Hｅhａｓjoinｅd tｈe ｃluｂforａlong time．( 错) 2.Hｅｈaｓbeenａmｅmbeｒof thｅclub ｆoｒa ｌong tiｍｅ.(对) 3．His gｒａｎdｆａther ｈａs died for ovｅr30 yeａrｓ. ( 错) 4. Hｉsｇｒａnｄfather hａs been dead for over 30 ｙearｓ. (对) 【注意】 之所以将这些动词称为瞬间动词,是因为这些动词在眨眼之间发生并终结。故不能与表达“段”的长时间状语连用，不论是在进行时还是现在完成时中。 下面的例句是正确的： 1. He iｓdｙinｇ.
中考英语延续性动词与非延续性动词及其转换 动词按其动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词与非延续性动词。 一.延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。 表示时间段的短语有:for+一段时间,for 2 years; since从句,since he came here; since+时间点名词,since last year, since 5 days ago; how long; for a long time等。 例:He has lived here for 6 years. You can keep the book for 5 days. I stayed there for 2 weeks last year. How long did you stay there last year? 二.非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束 不能与时间段连用。如:open, die, close, begin, finish, e, go, move, borrow, lend, buy等。 如果要与时间段连用，就把它转为延续性动词使用。 非延续性动词在肯定句中与表示时间点的状语连用，如：two years ago; at 5 o'clock; 例:He died 5 years ago. 但否定的终止性动词可以与表示时间段的时间状语连用。例:I haven't left here for 3 years. I haven't heard from him for 3 weeks. 三.延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换：leave --- be away, borrow --- keep, buy --- have, begin/start --- be on, die --- be dead, finish --- be over, join --- be in+组织机构, be a member of+组织机构, open---be open, close--- be closed fall ill --- be ill, get up---be up, catch a cold --- have a cold, e here --- be here, go there --- be there, be e --- be, e back --- be back, fall asleep --- be asleep, get to/ arrive/reach --- be (in), leave --- be away, go (get) out →be out，put on→wear get married ---- be married 等。 例:The old man died 4 years ago. ----The old man has been dead for 4 years. He joined the Party 2 years ago. -----He has been in the Party for 2 years. I bought the book 5 days ago. ---- I have had the book for 5 days. 补充练习： 1.When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus ________ for 20 minutes. A. has left B. had left C. has been away D. had been away 2. I ______ the League for 5 years so far. A. joined B. have joined C. have been in 3.The factory ________ since the February of 1988. A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened 4.Mary and Rose _______friends since they met in 2000. A. have made B. have been C. made D. have be e 5.You mustn't ________ until he es back. A. be away B. leave C. be left 6.The meeting _______ for a week now. A. has finished B. has ended C. has been over 7.Miss Gao ______ this school for nearly 5 years. A. has been in B. has e to C. has taught 8.Ben ______ a teacher for 4 years .
延续性动词与非延续性动词练习题 1. When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus ________ for 20 minutes. A. has left B. had left C. has been away D. had been away 2. I ______ the League for 5 years so far. A. joined B. have joined C. have been in 3. The factory ________ since the February of 1988. A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened 4. Mary and Rose _______friends since they met in 2000. A. have made B. have been C. made D. have become 5.You mustn't ________ until he comes back. A. be away B. leave C. be left 6.The meeting _______ for a week now. A. has finished B. has ended C. has been over 7.Miss Gao ______ this school for nearly 5 years. A. has been in B. has come to C. has taught 8.Ben ______ a teacher for 4 years . A. has been B. has become C. was D. became 9. I ______ home for a week. A. have returned B. have been back C. returned 10. How long _______ he ________ ? A. died B. has, died C. has, been dead 11. He ______ at eight yesterday afternoon.
现在完成时之瞬间动词转变为持续性动词 （1）专题讲解： 在完成时中,一个瞬间性动词(一次性动作)不能与表示一段时间的状语(for, since, how long等)连用,此时须将该瞬间动词改为延续性动词或状态动词. Eg: buy ( bought ) --- have / has had 买 borrow (borrowed) --- have / has kept 借 die ( died ) --- have / has been dead 死 leave ( left ) --- have / has been away ( from ) 离开 begin ( began ) --- have / has been on 开始 join ( joined) --- have / has been in 参加 --- have / has been a ( party) member go (went) --- have / has been there / in 去 come/arrive/reach/get to --- have / has been here / in 来/到达 end (ended) ----- have/has been over 结束 eg. The film began five minutes ago. ------The film has been on for five minutes. ------It has been five minutes since the film began. 用“be＋形容词”代终止性动词 1、be＋married代marry 2、be＋ill代fall (get) ill 3、be＋dead代die 4、be＋asleep代fall (get) asleep 5、be＋awake代wake/wake up 6、be＋open代open 7、be closed代close/shut 用“be＋副词”代终止性动词 1“be＋on”代start,begin 2“be＋up”代get up 3“be＋back(to)”代return to,come back to,go back to 4“be here (there)”代come(arrive,reach,get) here或go (arrive,reach,get) there等等 用“be＋介词短语”代终止性动词 1.“be in/at +地点”代替go to /come to 2.用be in the army 代替join the army 3.“be in/at +地点”代替move to
when和while引导的时间状语从句与这一时态连用。所以区别when和while的用法成了这一单元的难点。（一）、when，while都有“当……时候”的意思。when既可表示某一点时间，也可以表示某一段时间。在when引导的时间状语从句中，其谓语动词可以是延续性的，也可以是非延续性的，可与主句中的谓语动词同时发生，也可在其后发生。例如： 1、I was just reading a book when she came into my room. 她走进我房间时，我正在看书。 2、Were you writing when the teacher came in? 老师进来的时候，你在写信吗？ 3、When he was a child he was always trying out new ideas. 他小时候就常常试验一些新的设想。（二）、while只能表示某一段时间，不能表示某一点时间。在while引导的时间状语从句中，其谓语动词只能是延续性的，而且也只能与主句中的谓语动词同时发生或存在。例如：1、While Jim was mending his bike, Lin Tao came to see him. 正当吉姆修自行车时，林涛来看他。 2、You can’t do your homework while you’re watching TV. 你不能一边看电视一边做家庭作业。（三）、另外，when和while的区别还在于：while引导的时间状语从句多用进行时态，而when引导的时间状语从句多用一般时态。例如： 1、While they were talking , the bell rang. 正在他们谈话的时候，上课铃响了。 2、I was doing my homework when my mother came back home yesterday evening. 昨天晚上妈妈回家的时候 一、延续性动词和终止性动词的概念 英语中，动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短，可分为延续性动词和终止性动词。 延续性动词表示能够延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay 等。 终止性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词，表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束。如open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow,buy等。 二、延续性动词的用法特征 1.延续性动词可以用于现在完成时，其完成时态可与表示"段时间"的状语连用。表示"段时间"的短语有：for two years, during the past three years, since last year, how long 等。如：I have learned English since I came here.自从我来到这儿就学英语了。 2.延续性动词不能与表示短暂时间的"点时间"状语连用。如：It raind at eight yesterday morning.(误) rain为延续性动词，而at eight表示"点时间"，前后显然矛盾。如果用延续性动词表示一瞬间的动作，可以借助come, begin, get等终止性动词来表示。上句可改为：It began to rain at eight yesterday morning.(正)又如： -When did you get to know Jack? -Two years ago.
（1）现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和现在有联系,也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在. I have spent all of my money.(现在我没有钱花了.) Jane has laid the table.(现在桌子已经摆好了.) Michael has been ill.(现在仍然很虚弱) He has returned from abroad. (现在已在此地) （2）现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作（用行为动词表示）或状态（be动词表示）常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用. ①for+时段为。。。。时间 ②since+过去一个时间点（译为：自从……以来） ③since+时段+ago ④since+从句（过去时） ●⑤It is+时段+since+从句（过去时） Mary has been ill for three days. I have lived here since 1998. ●注：瞬间动词（buy,die,join,lose……）不能直接与for since 连用。要改变动词 come/arrive/reach/get to-----be in go out----be out finish----be over open----be open die----be dead Buy---have Fall ill---be ill Come back---be back Put on ---be on/wear Worry---be worried Catch a cold---have a cold ……………… ★1.have代替buy My brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years. ★2、用keep或have代替borrow I have kept(不能用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days. ★3、用be替代become How long has your sister been a teacher? ★4、用have a cold代替catch a cold Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday.
Worksheet for grammar (8B Unit 2) 1. Work out the rule(s): 这样的时间状语时，句中的谓语动词要用__________（延续性/瞬间）动词或be+__________来表示状态。 2．Study the form. Pay special attention to the changes. 瞬间动词（词组）延续性动词 （词组） 瞬间动词 （词组） 延续性状态 [be+(adj.，adv.，prep.)] buy have/has had arrive /come/go have/has been (in/at) borrow have/has kept come back have/has been back catch a cold have/has had a cold leave have/has been away (from) receive a letter have/has had a letter join have/has been in/ a member of die have/has been dead begin/start have/has been on (放映，进行) stop/finish/end have/has been over open have/has been open close have/has been closed fall ill have/has been ill fall asleep have/has been asleep get up have/has been up get married have/has been married make friends have/has been friends 1. Work out the rule(s):
现在完成时中非延续性动词的转换 现在完成时是初中英语语法的重点之一。它表示过去发生的某一动作或存在的状态，一直持续到现在，并可以和以for或since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用，也可以用在以“how long”提问的句子中，句子中的谓语动词一般为延续性动词。但是，有些动词所表示的动作是短暂的，这类动词叫做非延续性动词。如：come, go, reach, arrive, leave, borrow, buy, join, die, begin, start, finish等。在现在完成时的句子中，非延续性动词作谓 语动词时，不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。 同学们在使用这两类动词作谓语动词时，常会出现错误。例如： （误）Tom has bought the book for a week. （正）Tom has had the book for a week. （误）My father had joined the Party for ten years. （正）My father has been in the Party for ten years. 如果要表示动作的连续性，就要把非延续性动词转换成相应的延续性动词或短语，具体转换如下： come/go/reach/arrive→be in/at, leave→be away from, borrow→keep, buy→have, join→be in/be a member of, die→be dead, start/begin→be on, finish/end→be over, open→be open (adj.), close→be closed (adj.), marry→be married 注意： 1. 非延续性动词可以在现在完成时的否定句中作谓语，并可以与for，since引导的时间状语连用，表示动作的延续过程。例如： She hasn’t bought any new clothes since last year. 2. 在现在完成时的肯定句中，非延续性动词作谓语时不能与for，since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用，但可以用其他句式来表示同一个意思。例如： He has been away from Beijing for two years. = He left Beijing two years ago. = It is two years since he left Beijing. = Two years has passed since he left Beijing. 练习：用现在完成时改写下列句子，使A，B两句意思基本一致。每空限填一词。 1. A. They came to our school in 1980. B. They ____ ____ ____ our school since 1980. 2. A. The man died five years ago. B. The man ____ ____ ____ for five years. 3. A. The meeting began two minutes ago. B. The meeting ____ ____ ____ for two minutes. 4. A. We borrowed two books last week.
延续性动词与非延续性动词 试比较，判断下列句子的正误。 翻译：我离开这所学校已八年啦。 【误】I have left this school for eight years. 【正】I have been away from this school for eight years. 解析：当现在完成时与表示一段时间的时间状语连用时，谓语动词必须使用延续性动词。如果谓语动词是非延续性动词则需要转化为对应的延续性动词。 延续性动词表示能够延续的动作，也可 以表示经验与经历，如： learn; sleep; keep; live等 可以与for 和 since 引导的 时间状语连用 He has lived here for 6 years. 非延续性动词也叫短暂性动词，表示不能 延续的动作，这种动作发生 后立即结束，如：open; begin; finish; come; go; borrow等 不能与for 和 since 引导的 时间状语连用 She has already finished her work. 1. 转化为相应的延续性动词 borrow → keep buy → have put on → wear 2. 转化为be+形容词/副词/介词/名词 begin/start → be on go out → be out die → be dead open → be open get to/ arrive in/reach → be in+地点come/ go → be + 相应的介词短语 finish → be over fall ill → be ill get up → be up fall asleep → be asleep join → be in+活动/组织go to school → be in school become → be make friends → be friends close → be closed go to bed → be in bed leave → be away(from)
延续动词与非延续动词的转换练习 一、单项选择 （）1. When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus ________ for 20 minutes. A. has left B. had left C. has been away D. had been away （）2. I ______ the League for 5 years so far. A. joined B. have joined C. have been in （）3. The factory _______ since the February of 1988.A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened （）4. Mary and Rose ____friends since they met in 2000. A. have made B. have been C. made D. have become （）5.You mustn't ________ until he comes back. A. be away B. leave C. be left （）6. The meeting _______ for a week now. A. has finished B. has ended C. has been over （）7. Miss Gao ______ this school for nearly 5 years. A. has been in B. has come to C. has taught （）8. Ben ______ a teacher for 4 years . A. has been B. has become C. was D. became （）9. I ______ home for a week. A. have returned B. have been back C. returned （）10. How long _______ he ________ ? A. died B. has, died C. has, been dead （）11. He ______ at eight yesterday afternoon. A. slept B. was sleeping C. has sleep D. had slept （）12. He ________ the car for a week. A. bought B. has bought C. has had （）13. -----How long _____ you _____ ill ? -----Two weeks. A. did fall B. have, fell C. have, been （）14. Since 2000, he _____ his hometown. A. has left B. has moved away C. has been away from （）15. I'll lend you the book , but you can only _____ it for 2 days. A. borrow B. keep C. take （）16. The bus ______ on the road for 2 hours so far. A. has stopped B. stopped C. has been （）17. Are you _____ the jacket these days? A. wearing B. putting on C. dressing D. on （）18. He ________ foe 2 hours. A. got up B. has got up C. has been up （）19. Tom is ill in hospital. He _______ a cold for several days. A. is B. catches C. has caught D. has had （）20. ----- How long can I ______ the book? ------ Two weeks. A. borrow B. lend C. get D. keep Key: 1---5 D C A B B; 6---10 C A A B C; 11---15 B C C C B; 16---20 C A C D D 二、短暂性动词转换为延续性动词 ①arrive at/in sw. get to/reach sw. come/go/move to sw.→be in sw./ at school/at home/on the farm/be here/be there 1) He got to Beijing five minutes ago. He ________ _________ _________ Beijing for _________ _________. 2) I moved to the USA last year. I ________ ________ __________ the USA since __________ __________. 3) I went home yesterday. I _______ ________ _________ home for _________ __________. 4) They came here last week. They _________ _________ here since _________ __________. ②come/go back, return → be back come/go out → be out
现在完成式中瞬间性动词如何变为延续性动词。 在完成式中，一个瞬间性动词（一次性动作如buy, borrow,die,leave,begin,join等）不能与 表示一段时间的状语（for, since, how long等）连用，此时须将该瞬间动词改为延续性动词或状态动词. 女口：He borrowed a book two days ago.（用现在完成式表达） He has kept the book for two days. 他持有这本书两年了。 1、 _______________________________________________________________ 他三年前买了一辆车。 2、 _______________________________________________________________ 他两年前参了军。 答案：1、He has had a car for three years或He has bought a car.或He bought a car three years ago. 2、He has been in the army for two years或He has joined the army. He joined the army two years ago. 切记：有些动词是非延续的，在此用法中要换成其相对应的延续性动词： His father has died. His father has been dead for three years. 他父亲已经去世三年了。 She has joined the Party/League. She has been in the Party/ League for two months.=She has been a Party/ League member for two mon ths.
延续性与非延续性动词在现在完成时态中的使用 ☆有一些动词是瞬间动词，也叫非延续性动词，这些动词一发生就结束了，常见的有：come, go, arrive, reach, leave,begin, start, buy, join, die, borrow, get up, become, open, stop等。这些动词虽然可以用于现在完成时（说明某个动作的结果还存在），但由于它们不能延续，因此不能跟表示一段的时间状语连用。 e.g. Jim has come back. (正) Jim has come back for a month. (误) come back的动作不能延续一个月，因此错误。 ☆瞬间动词不可以用于有段时间的现在完成时态中，因此，若要解决这一问题，就应把它改为相应的延续性动词或短语，主要有以下几种： ①用相应的延续性动词 如：buy →have borrow →keep come/go/become →be put on →wear catch a cold →have a cold ②转换成be+名词 如：join →be a member of go to school →be a student ③转换成be+形容词或副词 如： die →be dead leave →be away begin →be on finish →be over fall asleep —be asleep open →be open get up →be up close →be closed ④转换成be+介词短语 如： come to/go to/arrive in (at)/get to/reach …→be in/at… join the army →be in the army(军队) e.g. I have borrowed the book. I have kept the book for two days. Jim has joined the band. Jim has been a member of the band for a month. His grandfather has died. His grandfather has been dead for 2 years. My father has arrived in China. My father has been in China for a week. ☆在否定句中，非延续性动词也可以与时间段连用。 e.g. I haven’t borrowed books from the library since last year. 自去年以来我就没有在图书馆借过书。 Jim hasn’t come back for a year. 吉姆已有一年没回来了。 ☆现在完成时的几种常见的句型转换。 现在完成时可以转化成一般过去时，还可以转化成“It is/has been +时间段+since从句(用一般过去时)”等句型。 e.g. Jim has been back for a month. = Jim came back a month ago. = It is/has been a month since Jim came back. = A month has passed since Jim came back. I have kept the book for two days. = I borrowed the book two days ago. = It is / has been two days since I borrowed the book. = Two days has passed since I borrowed the book.