M6U1 单元检测
一、单选
1.It’s no use ______ without taking action.
A. compain
https://www.doczj.com/doc/734153559.html,plaining
C.being complained
D.to be complained
2.When the Eiffel Tower was erected in 1889, at the world exposition, it was not very popular and came close to _____ down.
A.be torn
B.tear
C.tearing
D.being torn
3. I can’t say which wine is better -- it’s a ___ of personal taste.
A.affair
B.event
C.matter
D.variety
4.The children will not be allowed to go to the supermarket if they don’t ______ themselves.
A.guide
B.show
C.act
D.behave
5.---Amazingly, Zhou Jun got the first place for the China’s Got Talent(中国达人秀) last night. --- So wonderfully _____ in the show that he deserved it.
A.did he perform
B.had he performed
C.he performed
D.he had performed
6. ---Idon’t think i can go there with you as plannd because something urgent has _____.
----What a shame!
https://www.doczj.com/doc/734153559.html,e up
B.cleared up
C.stayed up
D.ended up
7.As is said, it won’t be long ___ we participate in the 4th Huaian United Exam.
A.since
B.when
C.before
D.that
8.If Lu Xun were a contemporary writer, i can’t guarantee that he ____ laughed at by readers, as most young people don’t appreciate his writing style.
A.isn’t
B.is
C.wouldn’t be
D.would be
9.I’m sorry to tell you that we will not tell you the results of the survey until we have looked through all the _________.
A.directions
B.instructions
C.data
D.standards
10.The doctor said she was too tired and advised her not to ______ any more work.
A.take on
B.hold on
C.bring up
D.put up
11.The people all over the world were deeply ____ by the news that Steve Jobs, the founder and former CEO of Apple, died on Oct 5.
A.effected
B.attacked
C.affected
D.attained
12.---I’m fed up with this rain. How I wish to go hiking this weekend!
---Forget it. I’m afraid the wet days wil _______.
A.hold up
B.keep up
C.take up
D.turn up
13.The door burst open and ________, shouting with anger.
A.rushed in a crowd
B.in a crowd rushed
C.a crowd in rushed
D.in rushed a crowd
14.She is so shy and you shouldn’t have ______ her in public.
A. made jokes of
B.made fun of
C.played jokes about
D.made joke of
15.Every camera we sell comes with a two-year ________ .
A.guarantee
B.safety
C.confirmation
D.conservation
二、完形填空
Last January I was given a chance to work in another country. At first, I lived a 16 life, but soon I met a group of new friends and they were really nice.
Then something 17 happened. One of our friends suffered from kidney stones (肾结石), which had to be 18 surgically as soon as possible. But it was not as 19 as that! Our friend could not 20 the operation, which put him into deep 21 . I didn’t know how to help him because I didn’t have any money either. 22 , I never lost hope. Instead I tried to think of other 23 and told him not to worry because everything would be all right.
Before I left the hospital, I talked to the surgeon and asked him to do the surgery, saying I would pay the expenses the next day 24 I had that kind of money. Well, I must have been 25 because the surgeon agreed to do it! But how was I going to get that much money?
All I knew was that I needed to help my friend! Although it could be 26 to deal with this kind of situation, I decided to make some efforts. I tried to borrow money but failed. I tried 27 my things but no one wanted them. Then I had the idea of talking to my 28 . I asked him if I could have my next two months’ salary in advance—without even thinking on how I would
29 for two months with no money. He was surprised and asked me the reason. I told him that
I had a friend who was really in need. 30 I convinced him too and then he gave my two months’ salary without any 31 !
Upon getting the money, I ran to the hospit al and paid all the bills. My friend didn’t know how to thank me. I just said, ―Come on! Give me a 32 !‖
Friendship may not only be found at the happy moment but sometimes you can find it on the 33 time in your life! I’ve done a good thing by being a (an) 34 friend and I think it is well worth the 35 .
16. A. private B. lonely C. colorful D. normal
17. A. strange B. wrong C. unexpected D. unfair
18. A. removed B. reduced C. examined D. lifted
19. A. terrible B. painful C. simple D. special
20. A. stand B. consider C. perform D.afford
21. A. anxiety B. confusion C. embarrassment D. dissatisfaction
22. A. Thus B. Otherwise C. However D.Therefore
23. A. reasons B. choices C. symptoms D. expectations
24. A. even if B. as if C. so that D. in case
25. A. encouraging B. annoying C. astonishing D. convincing
26. A. challenging B. disturbing C. amazing D. scaring
27. A. saving B. handling C. donating D. selling
28. A. colleague B. relative C. boss D. surgeon
29. A. adapt B. survive C. continue D. wander
30. A. Luckily B. Slightly C. Constantly D. Occasionally
31. A. analysis B. dignity C. hesitation D. remark
32. A. favor B. hug C. promise D. reply
33. A. best B. longest C. strangest D. toughest
34. A. supportive B. sensitive C. aggressive D. attentive
35. A. tolerance B. sympathy C. pressure D. effort
三、阅读
A
Teens are more likely to behave badly if their parents expect them to，a new US study has found.
―Parents who believe they are simply being realistic might actually be having a bad effect on their children，‖ Christy Buchanan，a teacher at Wake Forest University and one of the authors of the study, said. ―Bad expectations on the part of both parents and children predict more rebellious (叛逆的) behaviors later on.‖
The finding came from a study of more than 250 sixth and seventh graders and their mothers. They were examined at the start of the study and again one year later. If kids’ mothers expected them to take more risks and be more rebellious，higher chances of risky behavior were seen. This was also true when kids had bad expectations of themselves.
―So metimes parents expect more negative behavior from their children than they should based on the children’s history of behavior, ‖ Buchanan said.―Parents shouldn’t be naive (无知的) about the possibility of bad behavior,‖ she said，―but it’s also a mistake to think that children who are well-behaved will naturally become rebellious at the age of 13. ‖
―By thinking risk-taking or rebelliousness is normal for teenagers and showing that to their children，parents might add to other messages from society that make teenagers feel that they are strange if they are not willing to take risks or break laws,‖ she said.―This can mean，for example，that when parents expect teens to drink before they turn 21 or to do other risky behaviors，kids are less likely to refuse to do so later in their lives.‖
On the other hand，parents’ expectations that teens can exhibit good behaviors and refuse to behave badly or to take risks could help reduce the possibility of bad behavior，Buchanan said.―As a parent，you should put expectations on yo ur children carefully.‖
36.What do we know about the study?
A.Only mothers were examined.
B.Participants were examined twice.
C.250 people were examined in the study.
D.Christy Buchanan was the only author of the study.
37.What does the underlined part ―This was also true‖ in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A.The kids were more likely to take dangerous behavior.
B.The kids would have bad expectations of their parents.
C.The kids were likely to go against their mothers.
D.Mothers expected their kids to behave badly.
38.Children may be more rebellious if________.
A.they know parents think risk-taking is normal
B.parents put little expectation on them
C.they behave well before they turn 13
D.they are asked not to take risks
39.What might be the most suitable title for the passage?
A.Risk-taking is normal for teens.
B.Why are my teens behaving badly?
C.Don’t expect too much from your teens.
D.Bad expectations lead to bad-behaving teens.
B
Among various programs, TV talk shows have covered every inch of space on daytime television．And anyone who watches them regularly knows that each one is different in style（风格）．But no two shows are more opposite in content, while at the same time standing out above the rest, than the Jerry Springer and the Oprah Winfrey shows．
Jerry Springer could easily be considered the king of ―rubbish talk‖．The contents on his show are as surprising as can be．For example, the show takes the ever-common talk show titles of love, sex, cheating, and hate, to a different level．Clearly, the Jerry Springer show is about the dark side of society, yet people are willing to eat up the troubles of other people’s lives．
Like Jerry Springer, Oprah Winfrey takes TV talk show to its top．But Oprah goes in the opposite direction．The show is mainly about the improvement of society and different quality （质量）of life．Contents are from teaching your children lessons, managing your work week, to getting to know your neighbors．
Compared to Oprah, the Jerry Springer show looks like poisonous waste being poured into society．Jerry ends every show with a ―final word‖．He makes a small speech about the entire idea of the show．Hopefully, this is the part where most people will learn something very valuable．
Clean as it is, the Oprah show is not for everyone．The show’s main viewers are middleclass Americans．Most of these people have the time, money, and ability to deal with life’s tough problems．Jerry Springer, on the other hand, has more of a connection with the young adults of society．These are 18-to-21-year-olds whose main troubles in life include love, relationship, sex, money and drug．They are the ones who see some value and lessons to be learned through the show’s exploitation．
https://www.doczj.com/doc/734153559.html,pared with other TV talk shows, both the Jerry Springer and the Oprah Winfrey are __．
A. more interesting．
B. unusually popular．
C. more detailed．
D. more formal．
41.Though the social problems Jerry Springer talks about appear unpleasant, people who watch the shows____．
A.remain interested in them．
B.are ready to face up to them．
C.remain cold to them．
D. are willing to get away from them．
42. Which of the following is likely to be a topic of the Oprah Winfrey show?
A.A new type of robot．
B.Nation hatred（憎恨）．
C.Family income planning．
D.Street accident．
43. We can learn from the passage that the two talk shows_____．
A.have become the only ones of its kind．
B.exploit the weaknesses in human nature．
C.appear at different times of the day．
D.attract different people．
第三节任务型读写（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，根据所读内容在表格中的空白处填入恰当的单词。
注意：每空格只有一个单词。
Of the hundreds of self-change techniques that have been suggested over the centuries, perhaps only a dozen are totally different. Researchers have tried to see which ones work best. Three techniques deserve special mention: t hey’re powerful, simple and easy to learn. what’s more, individuals who have made successful changes in their lives—changes in eating habits, career paths, coping strategies, and so on—often rely on one or more of the three techniques.
To get yourself s tarted in a new direction, try the Three M’s:
Modify(改变)your environment
The power of modifying one’s space has been well displayed in studies since it was reported in the 1960s for the first time. Psychologist Richard Stuart showed in the 1960s that overweight women could lose pounds by modifying b oth their eating behavior and ―stimulus environment‖ — for example, eating from smaller plates and confining all food to the kitchen. People who have never tried this are astonished by the enormous effect it often has. I’ve known several people who have overcome nail-biting simply by buying 50 nail files and distributing them everywhere: in their pockets, their desks and their bedrooms. With a nail file always within reach, they tended to groom rather than bite. To change yourself, change
your world.
Monitor your behavior
I’ve been reading research studies on self-monitoring for 20 years, and I’ve conducted
some myself. The fact is, if you monitor what you do, you’ll probably do better.
Weigh yourself regularly and you may well start to lose weight. Keep a record of what
you eat and you’ll probably start eating more wisely.
A study by Canadian researchers showed that teenagers arrived more promptly at a swim practice when they were given an attendance sheet to record their arrival times. Sonya Carr
and Rebecca Punzo reported that self-monitoring improves academic performance of emotionally disturbed children in reading, mathematics and spelling. Dozens of studies have similar results, all inspired by heightening our awareness of our behavior.
Make commitments
When you commit yourself to another person, you establish a possibility of reinforcement (后效强化)；you’ve automatically arranged for a reward if you stick to it and a punishment if you don’t. It puts some pressure on you, and that’s often just wh at you need.
For instance, if you want to exercise more, arrange to do it with a friend. If you don’t show up, your friend will get angry, and that may be just the ticket to keeping you punctual
(准时的). In 1994 Dana Putnam and other researchers showed that patients who made written commitments were far more likely to take prescribed medicine than patients who hadn’t There’s good news here for all of us. We can meet many of the demands and overcome
many of the challenges of life with simple skills that any one can master and that don’t require willpower-in other words, with skill, not will.
Change your bad habits to good
Paragraph outline Supporting details
Introduction·Most of self-change techniques that have been suggested before
are( 1 )_____
·People who are( 2 )____in making changes in their lives often
rely on one or more of the Three M’s
Modify your( 3 )____ ·Those who have never tried this method can( 4 )__enormously
from it
·Several people have overcome nail-biting with a nail file
always( 5 )_____reach
(6)____your behavior ·If you monitor what you do, you are very( 7 )____to do better
·The more you become( 8 )_____of what you’re doing, the better
you will perform
Make commitments ·Committing yourself to someone else will pressure you to carry
it out, which helps reward yourself
·The patients who made written commitments
probably( 9 )___medicine as instructed by doctors Conclusion Anyone can satisfy most of his demands and overcome most of
the challenges with simple skills(10 )____ than great willpower
四、错题（周报10B&11B）
1.I went to see ________funny film with my classmates yesterday, _____old film that won four Oscar in 1999. (冠词)
2.________ will make a big difference to your career as a reporter whether you have a good nose for a story.
3.---I haven't seen Sharon for a few days.
---No wonder. She________（visit）her grandma in Paris a week before.
4.Simon,________(select)to go to a UN conference on the environment in May, is expected to give an excellent lecture.
5.--Where did you go last weekend?
---We visited the Palace Museum, _________, not surprisingly, was crowded with visitors from the four corners of the world.
6.With regard _________buying a car, people should be smart. In my opnion, choosing the right car depends _______what we want to use it for.
7.(1) These exam candidates lose marks although they are top students.It is ____they do not read the questions properly.
(2).They do not read the questions properly. It is ____these exam candidates lose marks although they are top students
(3)The reason _____these exam candidates lose marks although they are top students is ____they do not read the questions properly.
8.Since the main road was closed because of the snowstorm, we will have to put off our visit to the exhibition_______(hold)till next week.
9.---Helen________________(show) up.It’s five past seven.
----It’s typical of her to let others wait for her. I have no patience and now let’s go.
10.---Twenty-eight-year –old Maria is a mother of four children, believe it or not.
--- Really? She ______________(情态动词+be)very young whe she got married.
11.The young man has earned a place as an excellent engineer in this company, but no one imagines that previous _________(介词)his present employment he was a bus driver.
12. --Shall we have a short break, Milk? We _____________(sit)in front of the computer all afternoon.
--Okay. Let's go out for an ice cream.
13.Having been late for three times, the boy is not permitted, as a punishment, __________(attend) any school activities this week.
14..---You made Lily feel ashamed at the party.
---Sorry, but I didn't mean to _________her by asking the question.
A.embarrass
B.confuse
C.frighten
D.amuse
15.I really _______the girl for her great courage and determination, with which she managed to work her way through college.
A.stand up for
B.look up to
C.meet with
D.toy with
16.---I hear Tom was dismissed for making a small mistake yesterday.
--- This is unfair treatment._______, he is a green hand.
A.On the other hand
B.At the same time
C.On the contrary
D. After all
M6U1单元基础知识检测答案
单选：BDCDA ACCCA CBDBA
完型：Keys: 16-35 BCACD ACBBD ADCBA CBDAD
(A) BAAD (B) BACD
任务型读写：1.similar 2. successful 3. environment 4. benefit 5. within
6. Monitor
7. likely
8. aware/ conscious
9. took 10. rather
三、选词填空
四、错题
1.a; an
2.It
3.visited
4.selected
5.which
6.to; upon/on
7.(1)because (2)why (3)why;that
8.being held 9.hasn’t shown 10.must have been 11.to 12. have been sitting 13. to attend 14-17 AADC
高二英语（上）期末复习M6U1 单元检测制卷人：朱征燕审核：日期：2013-12-18
Unit1 I、单项选择 ( )1. －__________ can you play? －The drums. A. When B. How C. What D. Where ( )2. －__________ you sing? －Yes, I can. A. Do B. Can C. Are D. Am ( )3. I want to __________ the chess club. A. join B. join in C. join to D. join for ( )4. Tom wants ________ to you. Are you free? A．to tell B．tells C．to talk D．talks ( )5. Can you help me with _________? A. dance B. dancing C. dances D. to dance ( )6. －What club ______ you want to join? －Chess club. A. does B. do C. can D. are ( )7. Her sister can play __________ piano, but she can’t play _____ basketball. A. the; the B. /; the C. the; / D. /; / ( )8. My brother can play the guitar，______ he can’t play it very well. A. and B. so C. or D. but ( )9. －Are you good __________ your students? －Yes, I am. A. at B. with C. for D. of ( )10. －Are you __________? －Yes, I am. A. a musician B. musicians C. musician D. A and B ( )11. －Can he _________ a student? －Yes. A. is B. be C. are D. does ( )12. We want some singers(歌手) _________ our rock band. A. for B. of C. to D. at ( )13．Please call me ___________ 8989766. A．in B．at C．about D．with ( )14. Can you help me ____________ my English? A．with B．of C．learning D．about ( )15．What can you do, Lin Tao? ____________ . A．I like sports B．I want to join the music club C．I am well D．I can do Chinese Kung Fu ( )16．Hi, can I help you? ________.A．Yes, please B．No, I can’t C．Yes, I can D．You are welcome ( )17．Tom draws__________.His drawings are very _________. A．good, well B．well, good C．good, good D．well, well ( )18．Can he ___________ it in English? A．speak B．speaks C．say D.talk ( )19. －I can sing ,and I can _______ dance . A. also B. too C.either D. at ( )20. Bill can _________stories and the children want _________friends with me . A speak , make B tell , make C say, making D tell to make ( )21. My sister can _________ very well, so she wants to join __________ club. A. swim; swimming B. swims; swimming C. swim; swims D swims; swim ( )22. _________ does he want to join our club? A. What B. How C. Why D. Where ( )23. Victor sings well. He can _________ in our school music festival. A. is B. are C. be D. am ( )24. Our school show is _____ 6:00 pm _____ Sunday. A. at, on B. on, in C. in, at D. on, at ( )25. —Hello! __________? —Jeff. A. Can I help you B. How are you C. Can you spell your name D. May I know your name ( )26.He can swim very well, ______ he doesn’t want to join the club. A.and B. but C. / D. or ( )27.They need two _____ for their music club. A. musicians B. doctors C. runners D. swimmers ( )28.Sam is a __________ swimmer. He can swim very _________. A. well, good B. good, well C. good, good D. good, fine ( )29.Jeff’s sister can’t swim ___________ dance. A. and B. but C. and not D. or ( )30.－Can you swim or play chess? －_______. A. Yes,I am B.Yes, I can C. I can swim D.I don’t know
第五单元基础知识检测 班级姓名 一、写出相应的拼音和汉字（29分） 1.挑（）逗 2.迸（）溅 3.条fu（） 4.忍俊不禁（） 5.花穗（） 6.伫（）立 7.沉淀（） 8.仙露qiong（）jiang( ) 9.盘qiu（）卧龙 10.酒酿（） 11.孱（）头 12.忏（）悔 13.tui（）色 14.jin（）持 15.wei（）琐 16. huang（）然大悟17.服侍（） 18.垂垂mu（）老 19.马嵬（）坡 20.huo不单行( ) 21.一摞（） 22.颤（）抖 23.miao（）小 24.血（）气方刚 25.shun（）息 26.荒草qiqi( ) 27悲怆（） 28涕（）泪 二、文学常识与名著（16分） 1.课文《》，选自女作家的散文集《铁箫人语》。作者借花来暗示自己的情思，托物言志，表达了对生命的永恒的感悟。 2.作者写的《一颗小桃树》中，有两条叙事线索，明线是 ，暗线是。在作者看来，“我的小桃树”其实就是另一个“我”。 3.被誉为俄罗斯文学之父的诗人，在自己被被沙皇流放的日子里，仍没有丧失希望与斗志，写下了《》。以的口吻、和缓的语气鼓励人们相信生活，相信未来。 4. 国诗人在《未选择的路》一诗中，用了许多具体的形象（比如树林、路、荒草、落叶等）来阐释哲理。 5.《海底两万里》中的“鹦鹉螺号”潜艇，是船长尼摩在大洋中的一座荒岛上秘密建造的，船船身坚固，利用发电。 6.．《海底两万里》中尼摩艇长说了一句话来形容人类的进步： 7．在潜艇困在南极冰层中时，尼摩艇长带领船员用镐凿冰、用热水融冰、用用潜艇破冰；在章鱼困住潜艇时，尼摩艇长带领大家与章鱼殊死搏斗，勇救尼德·兰，可以看出他是一个的人。 8．加拿大捕鲸手自上了“鹦鹉螺”号后，就一直想方设法逃走，最终带领阿龙纳斯和康塞尔成功逃脱可以看出他是一个的人。
一、无损检测基础知识 1.1无损检测概况 1.1.1无损检测的定义和分类 什么叫无损检测，从文字上面理解，无损检测就是指在不损坏试件的前提下，对试件进行检查和测试的方法。但是这并不是严格意义上的无损检测的定义，对现代无损检测的定义是：在不损坏试件的前提下，以物理或化学为手段，借助先进的技术和设备器材，对试件的内部及表面的结构、性质、状态进行检查和测试的方法。在无损检测技术发展过程中出现三个名称，即：无损探伤(Non-destructive lnspction)，无损检测(Non-destructive Testing)，无损评价( Non-destructive Evaluation)。一般认为，这三个名称体现了无损检测技术发展的三个阶段，其中无损探伤是早期阶段的名称，其内涵是探测和发现缺陷；无损检测是当前阶段的名称，其内涵不仅仅是探测缺陷，还包括探测试件的一些其它信息。而无损评价则是即将进入或正在进入的发展阶段，无损评价包涵更广泛，更深刻的内容，它不仅要求发现缺陷，探测试件的结构、性质、状态，还要求获取全面的、更准确的、综合的信息。 射线检测（Radiographyic Testing,,简称RT），超声波检测(Uitrasonic Testing，简称UT)，磁粉检测（Magnetic Testing 简称MT）,渗透检测（Penetrant Testing,简称PT）是开发较早，应用较广泛的探测缺陷的方法，称为四大常规检测方法，到目前为止，这四种方法仍是锅炉压力容器制造质量检验和再用检验最常用的无损检测方法，其中RT和UT 主要用于检测试件内部缺陷。PT主要用于检测试件表面缺陷，MT主要用于检测试件表面及近表面缺陷。其它用于锅炉压力容器的无损检测方法有涡流检测（Eddy current Testing,简称ET）、声发射检测（Acoustic Emission,简称AE）。 1.1.2无损检测的目的 用无损检测技术，通常是为了达到以下目的： 1、保证产品质量； 2、保障使用安全； 3、改进制造工艺； 4、降低生产成本。 1.1.3无损检测应用的特点 无损检测应用时，应掌握以下几个方面的特点： 1、无损检测要与破坏性检测配合； 2、正确选用实施无损检测的时机；
第一单元基础知识复习检测 1.加点字的读音全对的一组是（） A.篝．火（guō）萌．动（ｍéｎｇ）点缀．（ｚｈｕì） B.无垠．（ｙíｎg）澄．澈（ｃｈéｎｇ）苇．坑（ｗéｉ） C.嚼．烂（ｊｉáｏ）诗兴．（ｘīｎｇ）燕．国（ｙàｎ） D.慨．然（ｋǎｉ）耄耋．（ｄｉé）旖旎．（ｎǐ） 2.读拼音，写词语。 mà zhà zhòu yè yīng táo chéng rèn sāng shù（）（）（）（）（） chǎn zi hú dié chú tou qiē gē xiā guàng （）（）（）（）（）3.同音字选字组词。 【拔拨泼】（）打（）河点（）活（） 【拴栓诠】（）释（）住木（）血（） 4.把下列词语补充完整。 （）天（）地乐（）不（）（）欺（）压 （）妙（）伦良（）美（）（）头（）节 5.给“恍”字选择正确的解释。（填序号） 恍:A.忽地，忽然；B.仿佛；C.神志不清楚，精神不集中；D.不真切，不清楚。（1）妈妈讲完整个故事我才恍然大悟。（） （2）他有心事，这几天上课精神恍惚。（） （3）3D电影给你恍若身临其境的感觉。（） （4）我恍惚看见他了。（） 6.写出加点字的意思。 （1）能书善．画 _____________ （2）稚子金盆脱晓．冰 _____________
（3）颇．负盛名 _____________ （4）童孙未解供．耕织 _____________ 7.根据要求完成下列句子练习。 （1）一个中国人，无论 ．．在怎样的境遇里，总．要有梅花的秉性才好！（用加点的关联词写一句话） ______________________________________________________________ （2）这清白的梅花，是能玷污的吗？（改为陈述句） ______________________________________________________________ （3）童孙未解供耕织，也傍桑阴学种瓜。（翻译句子） ______________________________________________________________ 8.根据课文理解填空。 （1）《四时田园杂兴》（其三十一）描写的那些孩子们从小_____________，表现了农村儿童的_____________，也写出了__________________________气氛。《稚子弄冰》选取的是古代儿童有趣的生活片段,表达了孩子_____________、_____________的性格特点。《村晚》是一首描写农村晚景的诗，抒发了诗人对____________________________________________之情。（2）《祖父的园子》通过对___________________________________________的描写，表达了作者对_________________________________________之情。（3）《月是故乡明》通过讲季羡林小时候在家乡玩耍时所见美景，借离乡所见之月逊色于家乡之月来寄托作者_____________的情感。 （4）《梅花魂》三次写到外祖父的眼泪——_________________________、_________________________以及____________________,整篇文章通过赞美梅花来颂扬______________________，寄托了外祖父_____________________之情。 参考答案 1.D
单元基础检测 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．If anything happens to her，I’ll always have it on my conscience(良心)． 2．We can deliver goods to your door free of charge. 3．Mr Smith used to watch tasteless(无味的) TV talk shows all day before he lost his sight. 4．The gift he gave me on my birthday is delicate(精美的) and I like it very much. 5．The poor old man wears shabby clothes. 6．Keep the camera steady(平稳的) while you take a picture. 7．It is a romantic love story between the young couple. 8．Through the window that night，I saw a vague(模糊的) figure climbing the tree. 9．She is unlike(不同于) the rest of her family. 10．He talks in a slow but humorous tone(语气)． 11．Everything has its drawbacks(缺点)． 12．It was too dark in this room，so the girl struck a match to light a candle. 13．I love the content and the theme(主题) of the site. 14．You can look for the book in the library catalogue(目录)． 15．There was a beautiful rainbow in the sky after the heavy rain. Ⅱ.选词填空 Most supermarkets sell a range of organic products. 17．Nowadays，many old customs are gradually dying out. 18．They fell in love with each other at first sight. 19．Luckily for us，our efforts were not in vain. 20．He turned up an hour late for the meeting. 21．The public don’t have access to the site. 22．To be honest，I’m not satisfied with it. 23．Tom waved until the car was out of sight. 24．Turn around and let me look at your back. 25．Hang on a second! The head teacher has something to say. Ⅲ.单句语法填空 26．He is superior to his brother in mathematics.
人教版五年级语文第第五单元基础知识检测题 班级学生姓名分数 卷面书写：10分 一、字音法庭。（为带点字选择正确的读音，用“√”标出）(8分) 勉强． (qiánɡ qiǎnɡ) 驯化（xùn xún）栗子（lìsù） 矫健（jiǎo jiāo）苔藓（xiān xiǎn） 舵手（tuóduò）分杈（chàchā）繁殖（zhì zhí） 二、看拼音，写词语（24分） gāng zhēn liáng shi shājūn xiàng shù Zh ē bì nǎo nù （）（）（）（）（）（）xiáxiǎo rén ài Jūnlièpíbèi sǒnɡyǒnɡlínɡlónɡ ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )（）（） 三、形近字组词：（12分） 殖（）蔬（）茵（）训（）褐（）挟（）植（）疏（）菌（）驯（）歇（）狭（） 四、填空。(11分) 按部首查字法查“滑”字，是_____ 结构，应先查______部，再查______画。“滑”字的解释有：①滑溜，光溜；②在光溜的物体表面上溜动；③狡诈，不诚实。 下面加点的“滑”字应选哪种解释？请把相应解释的序号填在括号里。 (1)下雪以后地很滑．。( ) (2)这人很狡滑．。( ) (3)小明在回家的路上不小心滑．了一跤。( )
五、根据课文内容判断说法的正误，正确的画"√"。（9 分） 1."太阳虽然离我们很远很远，但是它和我们的关系非常密切。"这句话是过渡句，起承上启下的作用。（） 2.《太阳》一课说明了太阳的特点和它与人类的密切关系。（） 3.松鼠是哺乳动物，一般情况下一胎能生三四个。（） 六、选词填空。(8分) 警觉机警 (1)他对事态的严重性有所（）。 (2)（）的小白兔躲开了老鹰的利爪而逃之夭夭。 锐利锋利 (3)松鼠的爪子是那样（）。 (4)这把匕首很（）。 七、按要求改写下列句子。(12分) (1)我们看到太阳，觉得它并不大，实际上它大得很，一百三十万个地球的体积才能抵得上一个太阳。 （用例句中的说明方法写句子） _________________________________________________________ __________________________ _________________________________________________ (2)松鼠常常直竖着身子坐着。(缩句) _______________________________________________________ (3)松鼠把榛子塞到老树空心的缝隙里。（改为“被”字句） _______________________________________________________ (4)只要 ．．有人触动一下松鼠所在的大树，它们就．从树上的窝里跑出来躲到树枝底下。(用加点的词语造句) _______________________________________________
1、检验用水的要求 分析检验中绝大多数的分析是对水溶液的分析检测，因此水是最常用的溶剂。在实验室 中离不开蒸馏水或特殊用途的纯水，在未特殊注明的情况下，无论配制试剂用水，还是分析检验操作过程中加入的水，均为纯度能满足分析要求的蒸馏水或去离子水。蒸馏水可用普通 的生活用水经蒸馏汽化冷凝制成，也可以用阴阳离子交换处理的方法制得。特殊项目的检验 分析对水的纯度有特殊要求时，一般在检验方法中注明水的纯度要求和提纯处理的方法。 为保证纯水的质量能符合分析工作的要求，对于所制备的每一批纯水，都必须进行质量 检测。一般应达到以下标准： ①用电导仪测定的电导率小于或等于530卩s/cm(25C )。 ②酸度呈中性或弱酸性，PH=5.0~7.5(25C )?可用精密pH试纸、酸度计测定，也可用如 下指示剂法测定：在10 ml水中加入2~3滴1g/L甲基红指示剂，摇匀呈黄色不带红色，则说明水的酸度合格，呈中性；或在10 ml水中加入4~5滴1g/L溴百里酚蓝指示剂，摇匀不呈蓝色，则说明水的酸度合格，呈中性。 ③无有机物和微生物污染。检测方法为：在100 ml水中加入2滴0.1g/L高锰酸钾溶液 煮沸后仍为粉红色。 ④钙、镁等金属离子含量合格。检测方法为：在10 ml水样中加入2 ml氨-氯化铵缓冲 溶液(PH=10), 2滴5g/L铬黑T指示剂，摇匀。溶液呈蓝色表示水合格，如呈紫红色则表示 水不合格。 ⑤氢离子含量合格。检测方法为：在10 ml水样中加入数滴硝酸，再加入4滴10g/L 的AgNO3溶液，摇匀。溶液中无白色浑浊物表示水合格，如有白色浑浊物则表示水不合格。
2、检验用试剂的要求 ①标准试剂 标准试剂是用于衡量其他物质化学量的标准物质，通常由大型试剂厂生产，并严格按照国家标准进行检验，其特点是主体成分含量高而且准确可靠。 滴定分析用标准试剂，我国习惯称为基准试剂（PT），分为C级（第一基准）与D级（工作基 准）两个级别，主体成分体积分数分别为99.98~100.02%和99.95~100.05%, D级基准试剂是 滴定分析中的标准物质，基准试剂规定采用浅绿色标签。 ②普通试剂 普通试剂是实验室广泛使用的通用试剂，一般可分为三个级别，其规格和适用范围见下 表： 等级名称符号适用范围标志 一级优级纯GR精密分析、科研用，也可作基绿色 准物质 （保证试剂） 二级分析纯AR常用分析试剂、科研用试剂红色 三级 （分析试剂） 蓝色化学纯CR/CP要求较低的分析用试剂 普通试剂的规格和适用范围
人教部编版一年级语文下册单元测试卷 第一单元 [时间:40分钟 满分 :100 分 ] 题号 一二三四五六七八总分 得分 一、看拼音写词语。（每空1 分，共18 分） dōng xuěguówáng shuāng fāng hóng huāqīng fēng shén me fēi rùzuǒyòu shēng qì 二、给加点字选择正确的读音，打“√”。（6 分） 霜．降（suāng shuāng）写字．（zìzhì）多么．（me mo）姓．氏（xìng xìn）落．花（luòlò）吹．拂（chuīcuī）三、多音字组词。（8 分） ( ) 少好 ( ) ( ) ( ) 四、将正确的序号填在括号内。（9 分） ①升②落③入④出⑤降 太阳（）山了，夜幕（）临了，月亮（）上了夜空；小朋友进 （）了梦乡，小猫咪（）来活动了。
① 春回大地②柳绿花红③莺歌燕舞④万物复苏 1.春天来了，万物都苏醒了，杨柳青请，花儿红艳，春天真是个、 的季节。 2. 千山秀，日暖乾坤万木荣。 3.喜看大地，笑迎农家马壮牛欢。 五、根据语境补充正确的汉字或拼音。（15 分） qìqíng qīng qīng qīng y_ j_ 天（）（）朗水（）,小小（）蛙大眼睛。 shēng b i q_ 禾苗（）病它去查，多做事情叫呱呱。 h qíng b_ h_ 吃掉害虫心（）美，保护庄稼人人夸。 六、照样子，写短语。(8 分) 春风吹夏雨落 七、趣味猜字谜。（6 分） 1.双mù不成林。（） 2.点清方知数目大。（） 八、我会读一读，做一做。（9 分） 七彩桥 小燕子要到七彩桥上大。它飞呀飞呀，飞了三天三夜，从没停下过。刮风，下雨，它都不怕，总是一个劲儿地往前飞。
3 1～5的认识和加减法单元测试题 一、选择题 1.与5-3的结果相等的算式是（）。 A. 2+0 B. 4+1 C. 2+1 2.哪一盘的个数是4?（） A. B. C. 3.妈妈给红红和东东同样多的糖果。（）剩下的糖果多 A. 红红 B. 东东 C. 无法判断 4.与其他三行不同的那一行是（） A. 1 2 3 B. 2 3 4 C. 3 4 5 D. 4 3 2 5.4＞，可以填写的正确答案是（）。 A. 1 、2 、3 B. 2、3、4 C. 3、4、5 D. 0、1、2、3 6.比一比，（）最少。 A. B. C. 7.每人1个苹果，（）正合适。 A. B. 8.珠串上（）少。
A. B. 9.看图，两人一根跳绳，圈一圈，应该准备（）根。 A. 4根 B. 5根 C. 3根 10.下面3个盒子里原来有几个果子不知道，如果往盒里各放1个、2个、3个果子，3个盒里的果子数就一样多了。原来第( )个盒里的果子最少 A. B. C. 二、判断题 11.比5大1的数是4，比5小1的数是6。（） 12.2个苹果和第二个苹果一多样。 13.0＋0＝0，0－0＝0，所以两个数相加等于两个数相减。 14.5个苹果和第五个苹果一多样。 15.两个数相减，差一定比被减数大。（） 三、填空题 16.比一比，想一想：一只鸭和________条鱼一样重。 17.小猫共有________条腿，小猫比小鸡多________条腿。 18.我会把它们从小到大的顺序排列。 2 4 3 5 1
（________）＜（________）＜（________）＜（________）＜（________）19.遮住的是第________个和第________个，遮住了________个。 20.比3小的数有________，________和________。 21.猜一猜，填一填。 =________ =________ 22.画○，比少1个。 ________ 23.写出2个比5小的数：________ 写出2个比2大的数：________ 24.画○，个数要比☆少1个。 ☆☆☆☆ ________ 25.填数。 3>________ 4<________ 1<________ 5>________ ________=2 ________>0 4>________ 2<________ 四、解答题 26.看图计算
高二语文第三周小练考 一、基础知识选择题（每题3分，共24分） 1,下列各组词中加点字的注音全都正确的一项是:（）A.曲肱(gōng) 有马十乘(shèng) 恶乎成名(wū) 自牖执其手(yǒu) ．．．．B.孝弟(tì) 一箪食(dān) 便便言,唯谨尔(biàn) 木铎(yí) ．．．．C.莞尔(wǎn) 臭恶,不食(xiù) 诲人不倦(huǐ) 能近取譬(bì) ．．．．D.怃然(wǔ) 杀鸡为黍而食之(shí) 人焉廋哉(sōu) 喟然(kuì) ．．． ．答案:A 解析: B项,铎（duó）C项,譬(pì) D项,食(sì) 2、下列各句中有语病的一句是（） A．在春秋战国时代，许多政治家和士人都充斥急功近利的情绪，他们提出了许多政治策略和措施都是短视的。 B．孔子认为拯救道德人心才是解决社会问题的根本，他的主张被人们视为迂腐。 C．孔子在奔走于列国之间的年代里，曾多次受到暴力威胁，每次他都以坚定的信心克服了困难。 D．无论历史条件还是自身条件，孔子若实现改造社会的理想，其困难都比汤、武大得多。 答案:A 解析:“他们提出了许多政治策略和措施都是短视的”句式杂糅；应将“提出了”改为“提出的” 3.从词类活用的角度看,下列句中加点词的用法与例句不相同的一项是( ) 例句:耰而不辍．A.左右欲刃相如．C.范增数目项王
． B.子路从而后．D.侣鱼虾而友麋鹿． ．答案:D 解析:例句与A、B、C三项中加点词语都是名词用作动词。耰:用耰松土并使土块细碎。刃:用刀杀。后:落在后面。目:用眼睛示意。D项,“侣”和“友”都是名词的意动用法,以……为侣,以……为友。 4、下列各组句子中的加点词意义和用法相同的一项是( ) A.①君子一言以为知②多见其不知量也．．B.①人虽欲自绝②假舟楫者，非能水也，而绝江河．．C.①偃之言是也②觉今是而昨非． ．D.①莫春者，春服既成②后世之谬其传而莫能名者． ．答案:C 解析:A项,①通“智”,聪明,智慧;②知道。B项,①动词,断绝;②渡过。C项,都是形容词,正确。D项,①同“暮”;②不定指代词,没有谁,没有人。 5、下列各句的文言句式与例句相同的一项是( ) 例句:博我以文,约我以礼 A.异乎三子者之撰 B.不吾知也 C.正唯弟子不能学也 D.贤哉,回也 答案:A 解析:例句与A项都是介宾短语后置(状语后置)。B项宾语前置,C项判断句,D项主谓倒装。 6、下列句中不含通假字的一项是( ) A.尧舜其犹病诸 B.问知C.举直错诸枉 D.乡也吾见于夫子而问知
第五单元基础知识复习检测 1.给加点字选择正确的读音，画“√”。 嗅．觉（chòu xiù）铁链．（liàn niàn）扎煞．（shā sā） 拯．救（zhěng zhěn）嘶．哑（sī shī）鸟巢．（cháo cáo） 2.看拼音，写词语。 yǎn hù bó dòu páng dà bái fà cāng cāng （）（）（）（） tiě liàn jì yú shēn qū wú kě nài hé（）（）（）（） 3.形近字组词。 搏（）幼（）辫（）级（） 博（）幻（）辩（）极（） 4.在括号里填入合适的词语。 一（）搏斗一（）老爷爷一（）相片 （）的牙齿（）的声音（）的力量 （）的石级（）地摇撼（）地尖叫 5.根据要求完成下列句子练习。 （1）风猛烈地摇撼着路旁的白桦树。（缩句） ______________________________________________________________ （2）一只老麻雀从一棵树上飞下来，像一块石头似的落在了猎狗面前。（仿写比喻句） ______________________________________________________________ 6.根据课文理解填空。 （1）《麻雀》的作者是____国的_________，本文赞扬了________________。 （2）《爬天都峰》的作者是_______。 参考答案 1.xiù liàn shā zhěng sī cháo
2.掩护搏斗庞大白发苍苍铁链鲫鱼身躯无可奈何 3.搏斗博大幼小幻想辫子辩论班级南极 4.场位张锋利嘶哑强大笔陡猛烈绝望 5（1）风摇撼着白桦树。 （2）示例：小花猫的眼睛亮晶晶的，就像两颗晶莹的宝石。6.（1）俄屠格涅夫母爱的无私、伟大（2）黄亦波
水质检测基础知识 第一章:水分析岗位知识 一.仪器设备知识 1.电导电极有哪几种? 答:有光亮和铂黑两种 2.DJS-1型光亮电导极运用范围? 答:被测溶液的电导率低于10μs/cm时使用 3.电导仪"低周"的适用范围 答:测量电导率低于300μs/cm的液体时使用 4.测PH值用的玻璃电极为什么要用蒸馏水浸泡后才能使用? 答:因为干玻璃电极不显示PH效应,只有经过水化的玻璃电极才显示PH效应,所以玻璃电极要浸泡在蒸馏水中备用. 5.玻璃电极使用前为什么要处理? 答:玻璃电极经浸泡24小时以上,玻璃电极形成了稳定的水化层,使玻璃电极的膜电位在一定温度下与试液的PH值成线性关系,因此玻璃电极在使用前应在蒸馏水或0.1N盐酸中浸泡24小时以上. 6.电子天平的称量原理? 答:电子天平的称量依据是电磁力平衡原理. 7.PHS-3C型酸度计工作原理? 答:是利用PH电极和参比电极对被测溶液中不同酸度产生的 直流电位,通过放大器输送到转换器,以达到显示PH的目的. 8.721型分光光度计的使用范围是什么? 答:721型分光光度计可用于实验室中可见光谱360～800nm范崐围内进行定量比色分析.
9.使用分光光度计的注意事项? 答:连续使用时间不宜过长,要正确拿比色皿,拿毛玻璃面,洗 涤并保管好比色皿,不要用去污粉或毛刷刷洗. 10.721分光光度计对工作环境有什么要求? 答:?应安放在干燥房间内,放置在坚固平稳的工作台上使用,崐应远离高强磁场.?电场及高频波的电气设备.避免在有硫化氢.亚崐硫酸氟等腐蚀性气体的场所使用. 11.721分光光度计工作原理是什么? 答:721分光光度计是根据朗伯-比耳定律设计的A=KCL.?当入崐射光.?吸收系数K.溶液的光径长度L不变时,透射光是根据浓度而崐变化的. 12.721分光光度计由哪几部分组成? 答:由光源.单色器.比色皿和检测器四部分构成. 13.电子天平应安放在什么环境下? 答1)稳定,尽可能避免震动 (2)保证无大的温度变化,无腐蚀 (3)避免阳光直射和通风 (4)电源要稳定 二.专业技术知识 14.碱性碘化钾溶液应(避光)保存,防止(碘逸出) 15.碘量法测定溶解氧的原理是溶解氧与硫酸锰和(氢氧化钠)崐结合,?生成二价或四价锰的(氢氧化物)棕色沉淀.加酸后,沉淀溶崐解,并与(碘离子)发生氧化--还原反应.释出与溶解氧等量的(碘)崐再用淀粉为指示剂,用硫化硫酸钠滴定碘,计算出溶解氧含量. 16.悬浮物是衡量废水质量的指示之一,它可使水质(混浊)降崐低水质(透光度),影响水生物的(呼吸)(代谢)的作用. 17.在测CODcr时,检查试剂的质量或操作技术时用(邻苯二甲崐酸氢钾)标液.
第一单元基础知识复习检测 1.用“√”给加点字选择正确的读音。 马蹄（dì tí）羞涩（sè shè）点缀（zuì zhuì）衣裳（shang sh àng） 单薄（bó báo) 衣襟（jīn jìn）笨拙（zhuō zhuó）孕育（rùn yùn）2.看拼音，写词语。 lǜ tǎn róu měi cǎi hóng dòu fu shāo wēi （）（）（）（）（） yōu yǎ wǔ mèi huā bāo chóu yuàn míng chán （）（）（）（）（）3.选字组词。 【陈阵】（）雨（）列（）旧（）风 【稍梢】（）息树（）（）微眉（） 4.把下列词语补充完整。 （）色（）流（）马（）驰（）飘（）舞 （）入（）帘心（）神（）（）芳（）赏 5.写出下列词语的近义词。 柔美—（）勾勒—（）惊叹—（）舒服—（）拘束—（）羞涩—（）茂盛—（）分辨—（）6.根据要求完成下列句子练习。 （1）有的宅院里探出半树银妆，星星般的小花缀满枝头。（仿写一个比喻句） ______________________________________________________________ （2）不然，岂不太平淡无味了么？（改为陈述句） ______________________________________________________________ （3）在细雨迷蒙中，着了水滴的丁香格外妩媚。（仿写一个拟人句）
______________________________________________________________ （4）运处的小丘上出现了一群马。（缩句） ______________________________________________________________ （5）这种境界，既．使人惊叹，又．叫人舒服。（用加点词造句）______________________________________________________________ 7.根据课文理解填空。 （1）《草原》的作者是现代诗人、作家_____原名________。文章主要讲了三幅图___________、___________和___________。作者在最后引用了诗句：“_________________，_________________”抒发了作者对草原的__________________________________________。 （2）《丁香结》这篇散文的作者是_______，作者以丁香结象征生活中解不开的_____。结，是__________；人生中的问题也是解不完的。我们既有赏花的_____，又有解结的_____。生命给你芬芳的丁香的同时，也给你幽怨的__________。 （3）《宿建德江》的作者是___（朝代）诗人_______。这是一首刻画_______的诗，是唐人五绝中的写景名篇。作者把_______停靠在烟雾迷蒙的江边想起了以往的事情，因而以舟泊暮宿作为自己的抒发感情的归宿，写出了作者__________。 （4）《六月二十七日望湖楼醉书》的作者是_______著名文学家、书法家、_____谪居杭州期间创作的组诗，字______，号__________，世称_____。 他与其父_____，其弟_____，并称为_____。 （5）《西江月·夜行黄沙道中》是____代词人______贬官闲居江西时创作的一首吟咏__________的词。字_____，号_________，人称____________
第八单元基础知识复习检测 给加点字选择正确的读音，画“√”。设计者：wen-ku 设计时间:2020年设 计用途：公开文档类型：word Document source network, if there is infringement, contact the author to delete. 1. 祭．祀（jíjì）供．品（gōng gòng）竹匾．（biǎn piān）秕．谷（pǐｂǐ） 胭．脂（yān yīn）吊唁．（yán ｙàｎ）熏．黑（xūn xùn）投掷．（zh ìzhèng） （1）文艺表演受了批评，那几名小号（háo hào）手都号（háo hào）啕大哭起来。 （2）他每次出差（chàchāi）差（chāchà）不多都要出点差（ch āchà）错，连发票都整理得参差（cīchà）不齐。 2.看拼音，写词语。 zhèng zhòng chúfáng líng lìhúlún t ūn zǎo （）（）（）（）zhān mào píng zǎo níng shìzhāng guān lǐdài （）（）（）（）3.形近字组词。 胯（）缚（）猬（）澄（）跨（）傅（）谓（）橙（）4.先补充词语，再选词填空。
一（）无（）失（）痛（）（）然一（）（）然大（） （）风（）号饱（）风（）（）以（）受（）穷（）尽 （1）爷爷那（）的脸上露出幸福的微笑。 （2）听了老师的讲解，我（），原来这道题如此简单。（3）又一次竞选失败，她受了很大的打击，禁不住（）起来。 5.选择题。 （1）《少年闰土》这篇课文节选自鲁迅先生的小说（）。 A.《呐喊》 B.《故乡》 C.《彷徨》 D.《野草》 （2）下面不是用文章的主要人物做题目的是（）。 A.《少年闰土》 B.《黄继光》 C.《竹节人》 D.《我的伯父鲁迅先生》 6.根据要求完成下列句子练习。 （1）闰土是闰月生的，五行缺土。他的父亲叫他闰土。（用关联词合成一句话） _______________________________________________________ _______ （2）我想，这么冷的天，那个拉车的怎们能光着脚拉着车在路上跑呢？ （改成陈述句） _______________________________________________________ _______ （3）深蓝的天空中挂着一轮金黄的圆月。（缩句）
医学检验基础知识.txt14热情是一种巨大的力量，从心灵内部迸发而出，激励我们发挥出无穷的智慧和活力；热情是一根强大的支柱，无论面临怎样的困境，总能催生我们乐观的斗志和顽强的毅力……没有热情，生命的天空就没的色彩。 1.中毒颗粒 在严重感染时中性粒细胞内出现的染成紫黑色的粗大颗粒。 2.亚铁血红素 血红蛋白色素部分，由铁原子及原卟啉区组成。 3.点彩红细胞 红细胞中残存的嗜碱性物质，是RNA变性沉淀的结果。 4.中性粒细胞核左移 外周血中性杆状核粒细胞增多（出现晚、中、早幼粒细胞以致原粒细胞）。 5.血型 是人体血液的一种遗传性状，是指红细胞抗原的差异。 6.ABO血型抗体 一般分为二类；“天然”抗体和免疫抗体，都是通过免疫产生的。 7.病理性蛋白尿 蛋白尿持续超过0.15g/d，常为病理性，是肾脏疾病的可靠指标。 8.肾小管蛋白尿 系肾小球滤过膜正常，但原尿中正常滤过的蛋白质不能被肾小管充分回吸收所致。 9.本周氏蛋白 是免疫球蛋白的轻链单体或二聚体，属于不完全抗体球蛋白。常出现干骨髓瘤患者尿中，有诊断意义。 10.网织红细胞 是介于晚幼红细胞和成熟红细胞之间尚未完全成熟的红细胞。 11.瑞氏染液
是由酸性染料伊红和碱性染料美蓝组成的复合染料，溶于甲醇后解离为带正电的美蓝和带负电的伊红离子。 12.异型淋巴细胞 在某些病毒性感染或过敏原刺激下使淋巴细胞增生，并出现一定的形态变化称为异型淋巴细胞。 13.退行性变白细胞 白细胞出现胞体肿大、结构模糊、边缘不清、核固缩、肿胀或溶解等变化。 14.核右移 外周血中性粒细胞五叶核以上者超过3％称为核右移。 15.红斑狼疮细胞 SLE患者血液（体液中）存在LE因子，在体外可使受累白细胞核DNA解聚，形成游离均匀体，被具有吞噬能力的白细胞所吞噬而形成。 16.内源性凝血系统 指凝血始动反应因子Ⅻ的激活[Ⅸa-PF3-Ⅷ-Ca]复合物的形成以及激活因子Ⅹ。 17.外源性凝血系统 指Ⅶ因子激活及因子Ⅲ以组织损伤后所释放出的组织凝血活酶起动外源性凝血途径为特点。 18.血凝的固相激活 指Ⅻ因子接触到一种带电荷的表面，即被激活为Ⅻa的过程（简意：即Ⅻa激活过程）。 19.血凝的液相激活 指激肽释放酶原转变为激肽释放酶后迅速激活Ⅻa这一反馈作用又称酶激活。 20.Rh血型 红细胞上含有与恒河猴红细胞相同的抗原为Rh血型。 21.渗透压差