初中介词讲解及练习题
介词讲解课题
教学内容
知识框架
介词
一、定义与特征
1. 介词又叫前置词，是一种虚词。
2. 介词是一种用来表示词与词，或者词与句之间的关系的词，在句中不能单独作句子成分。
3. 介词一定要有宾语，充当宾语的一般有名词、代词或相当于名词的其它词、短语或句子。二、介词的分类
A 表时间的介词 B表地点位置的介词 C表方式的介词 D其他的介词三、表示方位的介词
1. on, in
on是指在某物的表面上，与物体表面接触。其反义词是beneath。
They are sitting on the grass. 他们正坐在草地上。
A lovely cat is lying on the table. 一只可爱的小猫正躺在桌子上。
The little mouse is beneath the paper, so it is not easy to find.
这只小老鼠在纸下面，所以不容易被发现。
英语中打击人的头、额、鼻、耳、颈、肩、腿等部位时，用on。
The headmaster patted the boy on the head and comforted him.校长拍拍小男孩的头安慰他。
表示植物本身生长出来的枝叶、花果等用on。
There are a lot of pears on the tree. 树上有许多梨。
in 表示“在……之上”时，暗示占去了某物的一部分，强调接触的深度。
There is/are a hole/two windows in the wall. 墙上有个洞/两扇窗户。
英语中打击人的脸、眼、嘴、胸、腹等部位时，用in。
表示植物本身以外的人或动物“在树上”，用in意指枝叶遮掩其中。
2. over, above, under, below
over强调在物体的正上方。
under强调在物体的正下方，是over的反义词。
The bridge over the river has a long history. 河上的这座桥历史悠久。
We took shelter from the rain under a tree. 我们在树下躲雨。
注意:above还有“覆盖;越过”之意。
The thief climbed over the wall and ran away. 那个贼翻过围墙逃走了。
above强调在物体的上方，但不一定是正上方;还可以指温度，海拔等的刻度。
The plane flew above the clouds. 飞机在云层之上飞行。
The average temperature here in winter is above 3?. 这里冬天的平均温度超过三摄氏度。
The mountain is about 2,000 meters above the sea. 那座山海拔约2,000米。
below强调在下方，但不一定是正下方，可指温度海拔等的刻度，是above的反义词。
I live below the mountain. 我住在山脚下。
3. in, on, to在方位名词前的区别三者都可用来表示两地之间的方位关系。
in表示在某范围之内 Hebei Province is/lies in the east of China.
to表示在某范围之外 Shanghai is/lies to the southeast of Hebei Province.
on表示“毗邻”“接壤” Japan lies in the east of As ia and to the east of China.
4. in, at 二词均可表示“在……处”。
in用于指较大的地方。 He lived in Beijing for 10 years. 他在北京生活了十年。
at用于指较小的地方，如在门牌号码前。We’ll meet each other at the park. 我们将在公园见面。
5. from, out of 二词均表示来源或出处。
from注重起点，意为“从……”。
The train from London arrives here at 10 o’clock. 从伦敦来的火车10点到这。
out of侧重于从里向外，意为“从……里出来”。
She took the passport out of her handbag and showed it to the policeman.
她从包里拿出护照把它交给警察。
We are moving out of our school yard. 我们正从校园出来。
6. between, among 二者均表示“在……中间”、“在……之间”。
between表示在二者之间，有时出现三个或三个以上的“宾语”，
但这时强调的仍然是其中每两者之间的相互关系。
The house stands between two farms. 那座房子位于两个农场之间。
Luxemburg lies between France, Germany, and Belgium. 卢森堡位于法国、德国与比利时之间。
among指在三者或三者以上之间。
There is a forest among the hills. 那些小山之间有一片森林。
注意:当句中出现divide, share之类的词时，如果后面跟着几个单数名词，
用between。
如果后面是复数名词，between和among都可以。
He divided his money between Mary, John and Helen. 他把钱分给玛丽、
约翰和海伦。
7. across, through, past, over
across强调穿过某一平面或横穿狭长物体，宾语常为the square, the bridge, the mountain,
the street等。
Be careful while walking across the street. 过街时务必小心。
through强调从某一空间内穿过或沿着狭长的物体移动。宾语常为the street, the forest, the gate,
the valley等。
We walked through the forest. 我们穿过那片森林。
Walk through the gate and you’ll see the rest room. 穿过大门就会看
到厕所。
past强调从某事物的一旁经过。
They drove past a big supermarket. 他们开车经过一家大超市。
over强调从一边到另一边或越过某一高度，宾语常为the street, the bridge, the mountain,
the square等。
The dog jumped over the fence and ran away. 狗跳过栅栏跑了。
The plane flew over the Great Wall. 飞机飞过长城。
8. in front of, in the front of
in front of表示在某一空间外部的前面。
In front of my home runs a small river. 在我家门前有一条小河。
We planted some trees in front of our house. 我们在房子前面种了一些树。
in the front of表示在某一空间内部的前面。
Don’t sit in the front of the car. 不要坐在小汽车的前部。
9. to, for, toward(s)
to用在表示来往行动的动词后，如go, come, walk, run, dash, rush, move, fly, return, lead, take
之后，表示行动的方向。
for多用于表示“启程”，“出发”“离开”的动词，如leave, set off,
start之后。
to与toward(s)在表示“朝……方向”时，可互换，
toward(s)仅表示方向，不表示到达，而to不仅表方向，还表示到达。
It’s difficult to decide which area the plane is flying to. 很难断
定飞机要飞往哪个地区。
My sister is leaving for New York early tomorrow morning. 我妹妹明天
上午要动身去纽约。四、表示时间的介词
1. in
in 表时间段，即指在较长的一段时间内，相当于during。
如世纪、朝代、年代、年、月、季节等。
in Ming Dynasty 在明朝 in the 1980s 在二十世纪八十年代
in August 在八月份 in spring/summer/autumn/winter 在春天/夏天/秋天/冬天
in the winter holidays 在寒假in one’s life 在某人一生中
in the daytime/night 在白天/夜里 in the year 2010 在2010年
注意:during 除了具有in表示时间段的功能之外，还可指在某一项活动的过程中。
during the night 在晚上 during the fire 在火灾期间
in也可表将来，表示从现在算起的一段时间之后。
in a while 一会儿，立刻
I’ll be back in an hour. 我一小时后回来。
2. at at用来表示时刻、时间的一点。
at five o’clock 在五点种 at soon 在中午
at也可表示较短暂的一段时间，可用在节日名词或被认为是一年中标志大事的日子。
at daybreak 破晓 at Christmas 在圣诞节
3. on
on表示在具体的某一天，某一天的上午、下午或晚上，或对某一天或某一天的上午、下午、
晚上进行详细描述。
on Monday afternoon 在星期一下午 on that day 在那天
on a sunny day in November 在十一月一个晴朗的日子
on the following day 在第二天on New Year’s Day 在元旦
on the morning of April the first 在四月一日上午 on weekend 在平日(时)=at weekends
4. in, after in和after都可表示“……(时间)之后”。
“in + 时间段”用于将来时;
He’ll be back in three hours. 他三个小时以内回来。
“after + 时间段”用于过去时。after后接一个具体的时间点时，也可用于将来时。
He came back after three hours. 三个小时之后他回来了。
He’ll be back after three o’clock in the afternoon. 他下午三点以后回来。
5. for, since
for后接一段时间的词语，表示行为状态持续的时间。
I have been learning English for 20 years. 我学英语二十年了。
since后接某一具体时间或表示具体时间的从句，强调动作或行为状态从起始点一直持续到现
在，
常与延续性动词的现在完成时连用。
I have been watching TV since supper time. 自晚饭以来我一直在看电视。
She has worked here since 1999. 自1999年以来，她就在这里工作。
6. before, by
二者都可表示“在……之前”，但by含有“最晚不迟于……”“到…….为止”的意思。
如果by后是表示将来的时间，则与将来时或将来完成时连用。
过去的时间，则与过去完成时连用。
I’ll be back before supper time. 晚饭前我会赶回来。
Supper will be ready by 6:00. 晚饭将在6点之前准备好。
This factory had produced more than one million cars by the end of
last year.
到去年年末，这家工厂已经生产了一百多万辆小汽车。
I will finish the work by Friday. 最晚星期五我会完成这项工作。
before Friday. 星期五之前我会完成这项工作。
7. by, until
by表示到什么时候为止动作已经完成。 until表示动作持续到什么时候。
注意:在终止性动词的否定式中，二者通用。
Can you repair my bike by Friday? 星期五之前你能修好我的自行车吗,
I’ll work here until six o’clock. 我将一直在这里工作到6点。
The work won’t be finished by/until tomorrow. 这项工作明天才能做
完。
8. since, after
after从过去或将来某一时间算起的一段时间后，这时不可与完成时态连用。
从现在算起的一个时间点之后，这时常与将来时连用。
I woke up at midnight and after some time I heard some strange noise.
我半夜醒来，一会儿后，听见了一些奇怪的声音。
After supper, I will take a short walk. 晚饭后，我将散散步。
since 后只能跟时间点或表示时间点的从句，表示从过去某一时间点一直到现在，与完成时连
用。
I have been watching TV since suppertime. 自晚饭以来我一直在看电视。
五、工具、手段、方式介词
1. with, by, in 三者均表示“用”，表示行为的工具、手段或方式。
1) with多指用有形的工具、身体的某部位或器官，其后的名词多被冠词、物主代词等修饰。
You can see it with your own eyes. 你可以亲自去看看。
I cut the cake with a knife. 我用刀子切蛋糕。
2) by表示使用方法、手段或用于无形的工具前。
Why don’t you go there by bus instead? 你怎么不坐公交车去那呢, They can learn what kind of animal it is by touching. 他们可以通过触摸了解它是何等动物。
3) in指使用某种语言、文字、材料等。
in English, in ink, in capital, letters
注意:其他表方式/方法、情况、手段的表达法。
in this/that, the/same way, by means of, by this/that means,
with this/that method;
by telephone/on the telephone, by/through practice, by/through experience
on foot, live on food
in surprise, in silence, in a low voice, in a hurry, in fun, in joy, in sorrow,
in danger, in safety, in need.
2. by, in, on 三词都可表示旅行的方式。
(1) 不涉及交通工具的名词时用by，名词前不用冠词。
by sea, by water, by rail, by air
(2) 涉及交通工具的名词前用by，但名词需用单数，其前不加冠词或任何修饰语。
by taxi, by bike, by plane, by ship, by train, by spaceship等。
(3) 当旅行方式涉及确定特指的交通工具时，用on或in，名词前应有冠词、物主代词、指
示代词等修饰语。
in a plane, on a early train, on my bike等。
注意:步行、骑马、骑骆驼均用on。
on foot, on a horse, on the camel等。
六、表示“排除”的介词
1. except:“除……之外(不再有)”，与but通用，
常与不定代词all, every/any+thing/where/body/one，或nobody, nothing 等连用。
All of us have been to Shanghai except me. 所有人都去过上海，只有我没去。
None of the films interested me except (but) a cartoon.除了一部动画片，其他电影我都不感兴趣。
注意:but, except在一般情况下，二者可通用，都可接名词、代词、动名词、动词原形。
但except后接副词、介词短语、when从句等时不可用but来替换。
Nobody but/except Mary knows the city well. 只有玛丽非常了解这个城市。
The window is never opened except in summer. 除夏季外，这扇窗户从不打开。
He has always been busy except when it is Sunday.除星期日外，他总是
很忙。
说明:but, except后都可接that从句作宾语，可以互换。
I asked nothing from him but (except) that he should write to me every other week.
我只要求他每两周给我写一封信。
2. except for: 用于表示对主要部分的肯定和对局部的否定，主要侧重对不
同类事物的排除。
The street in the early morning is very quiet except for a few cars.
清晨街道十分安静，只有几辆小汽车。
The composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes.
除几处拼写错误外，这篇作文很好。
All the buildings are excellent except for their location.
除了位置之外，所有的建筑物都相当不错。
注意:当except位于句首时，后面往往要加上for。
Everything is in good order except this.= Except for this,
everything is in good order.
3. besides: 表示“除……之外(其他的也)”，其后的宾语是包括在内的。
All of us have been to Shanghai besides me. 我们所有人都去过上海，我也去过。
We need three more chairs besides these two. 除了这两把之外我们还需
要三把椅子。
注意:besides还可以作副词，意为“另外”。
Let’s stay at home. It is too late; besides, it is raining now.
我们呆在家里吧。天太晚了，而且正下着雨。
4. including强调同类事物中包含具有另外特征的一部分。
There are 20 passengers on the bus, including five children.
公交车上有20名乘客，包括5个孩子。
七、表示“关于”的介词
about, on, of都可表示“关于”。
about侧重于与人或事物有关的事迹或情况，涉及的内容比较详细。
The headmaster told us a story about his student. 校长给我们讲了一个他学生的故事。
on侧重于阐述或论及相对重大或深奥的理论、学术等问题。
He wrote a book on electricity. 他写了一本关于电学方面的书。
of在与tell, read, know, think等动词连用时侧重于粗略涉及。
I know little of our new teacher. 我几乎不了解我们的新老师。
He spoke of the problem at the meeting. 他在会议上谈到了这个问题。八、表示“像”的介词
表示“像”的介词有as, like, 两词的区别如下:
1. 介词as表示“以……身份”或“当作”，后面跟表示身份、职业、地位、人的特征的名词作宾语;
As a teacher, he cares for these children. 作为教师，他关心这些孩
子。
表示“像”时，as常构成固定搭配，如:such…as; as…as; not so…as; the same…as
The boy is as tall as his father. 那个男孩长的和他父亲一样高。
2. 两词的侧重点不同:as侧重于同一性，强调属同一类或完全相似。
She spoke of me as her dearest friend. 她谈起我就像我是她最亲密的朋
友似的。
like侧重于比较，表示比喻，并不意味着同一类或完全相似。
He spoke like an old friend. 他像老朋友那样讲话。
注意:as和like常与一些动词一起构成固定搭配。
consider…as 认为，视作look (upon)… as 把……看作
regard…as 视作，看作treat…as 看作
seem like 似乎像 look like 看起来像
九、表示“原因”的介词
1. with多用于表示情绪的形容词或表示身体动作或状态的动词之后，
说明引起某种心理状态的原因。
Her face went red with anger. 她气得脸都红了。
They smiled with pleasure. 他们高兴地微笑着。
2. over常用于带有感情色彩的动词，如argue, cry, quarrel, laugh, sign,等之后，
叙述所发生事情的原因。
These men argued over money matters. 这些人为了钱的问题而争吵。
3. from常接抽象名词，表示自然或间接的原因，尤指外因。
Lots of people suffered from hunger in those days. 在那些日子里，许
多人都遭受了饥饿之苦。
4. at常表示某种表情或情感的起因，常和表示听、看或表示喜怒哀乐、吃惊
等的过去分词
或形容词连用。
He looked shocked at the news of his failure. 听到他失败的消息，他非常吃惊。
5. of多用于表示自身的原因，即内因。如疾病、情感等。
Her mother died of cancer. 她母亲死于癌症。
6. for多与表示感情的抽象名词或动词及reason, famous等词连用。
I’m sorry for being late. 很抱歉我迟到了。
针对性练习:
1
( ) 1. Children get gifts ____ Christmas and ____ their birthdays.
A. on; on
B. at; on
C. in; in
D. in; on ( ) 2. -There is nothing
____tomorrow afternoon, is there? -No. We can have a game of table tennis.
A. on
B. in
C. out
D. up ( ) 3. A lot of students in our school were born____March, 1981.
A. in
B. at
C. on
D. since ( ) 4. tie suddenly returned____ a rainy night.
A. on
B. at
C. in
D. during ( ) 5. My grandfather was born____Oct. 10, 1935.
A. on
B. in
C. at
D. of ( ) 6. The train is starting___five minutes.
A. in
B. at
C. for
D.still ( ) 7. Mike does his exercises ____ seven _____ the evening.
A. on; to
B. at; in
C. by; of
D. at; on 2
( ) 1. The population of the world has grown very fast ____ four hundred years.
A. for past the
B. in the pass
C. in the past
D. for past ( ) 2. We returned to our hometown___.
A. next week
B. in the last week
C. last week
D. for a week ( ) 3. Great changes have taken place___.
A. in the last few year
B. in the last few years
C. last year
D. on the last year 3
( ) 1. Children wake up very early____the morning of Christmas Day.
A. in
B. on
C. For
D. at ( ) 2. ____ a cold winter morning, I met her in the stfeet.
A. In
B. On
C. At
D. For ( ) 3. It happened to be very cold____ the morning of our sports meet.
A. at
B. on
C. with
D. of ( ) 4. Why did you get up so early ___
this morning.
A. on
B. /
C. at
D. in 4
( ) 1. He went to Shanghai___ September 3, 1991 and came back___ a cold morning last year.
A. in; on
B. on; in
C. on; on
D. in; ia ( ) 2. Lucy was born____ the night of May 12, 1984. . ...
A. on
B. in
C. at
D. to
( ) 3. Mrs Brown came to China ____ 1996.
A.on
B. of
C. to
D. in
( ) 4. ___ the morning of November 20, 1915, the workers came to Chicago to show their
mourning___Joe Hill.
A. On; to
B. In; of .
C. On; for ,
D. At; for ( ) 5. Ann
moved___Hangzhou___September, 1992.
A. /; in
B. to; in
C. to; on D, in; in ( ) 6. They started off___an autumn afternoon.
A. during
B. at
C. in
D. on 5
( ) 1. He often goes ____ school ____ six thirty ____ the morning.
A. for; to; in
B. to; at in
C. to; for; at D, for; at; to ( ) 2. He arrived ___ Shanghai ___ 9: 30 ___ March 5. f
A. at; in; at
B. to; on; at
C. in; on; at
D. in; at; on ( ) 3. The English teacher told me to get there____ half past ten.
A. in
B. at
C. on
D. of ( ) 4. The children get up ___ 6 o'clock.
A. at
B. on
C. during
D. in 6
( ) 1. The doctor worked___ five hours___ a rest.
A. for; with
B. on; without
C. about; having
D. for; without ( ) 2.
I worked on the problem ____ a long time and I worked it
out____myself____ last.
A. for; by; at
B. in; with; on
C. on; by; in
D. for; for; at the ( )
3. A new factory will be set up___ a year.
A. for
B. in
C. after
D. on ( ) 4. Two years___ he began to write another story-book.
A. after
B. later
C. in
D. late ( ) 5. We will finish the picture a day.
A. in
B. on
C. after
D. on ( ) 6. The workers had been____
strike____almost a month.
A. on; in
B. at; in
C. on; for
D. on; during ( ) 7. Mr Brown had
lain ____ the ground ____ four hours before they finally found him.
A. on; for
B. at; in
C. on; after
D. in; during 7
( ) 1. The teacher is coming back___ an hour.
A. after
B. for
C. in
D. before
( ) 2. She lived in the mountain village____ the years 1940-1950.
A. between
B. during
C. in
D. since
( ) 3. Miss Wang will come to Beijing____ two days.
A. after
B. in
C. on
D. before
( ) 4. The American Civil War lasted four years before the North won ____ the end.
A. by
B. at
C. in
D. on
8
( ) 7. Mary had finished her homework____ the time I got home.
A. until
B. by
C. at
D. when
( ) 2. We stayed at the lab___ our teacher returned.
A. till
B. by
C. during
D. while
( )3. They didn't leave the station___ they get on the train.
A. until
B. by
C. after
D. at
9
( )1. Don't worry. He will return____.
A. before long
B. long before
C. long long ago
D. long ago ( )2. There lived an old man, fishing at sea____.
A. long before
B. before long
C. long time ago
D. soon ( )3. It was not _____ they came back.
A. long before
B. before long
C. long time before
D. long after ( )4.
I was told that his uncle had gone to France .
A. long before
B. shortly after
C. before long
D. long ago 10
( ) 1. ___ Tom gets up at five in the morning.
A. Sometime
B. Sometimes
C. Some time
D. Some times ( ) 2. I remember we met each other___ last year.
A. Sometime
B. some times
C. some time
D. sometimes ( ) 3. Mary and
I have been to the Great Wall,___.
A. sometime
B. some time
C. sometimes
D. some times ( ) 4. He
studied English for ____ in London, and then he went to America.
A. sometimes
B. sometime
C. some time
D. some times 11
( ) 1. I don't like to sit ___ Tom's right. I would like to sit ___ the back row.
A. on; in
B. in; on
C. on; at
D. at; on ( ) 2. There is a brook____ red flowers and green grass___ both sides.
A. of with
B. with; on
C. of; at
D. with; in ( ) 3. There are many trees ___ of the road! And ____ of the trees is growing larger and larger.
A. on both side; a number
B. on each sides; a number
C. on both sides; the number
D. on every side; the number 12
( ) 1. The plane is flying _____.
A. in the sky
B. in. the air
C. in space
D. in sky ( ) 2. There is a sweet smell___.
A. in the air
B. in the open air
C. in the sky
D. in the space ( ) 3. We held an interesting party___.
A. in the air
B. in the sky
C. in the open air
D. in space ( ) 4. Seen from___, the earth appears to be a big blue ball.
A. the space
B. space
C. a space
D. this space 13
( ) 1. Tom sits____the classroom while John sits____the room.
A. in front of; at back of
B. in the front of; at the back of
C. in front of; at the back of
D. in the front of; at back of
( ) 2. Lucy sits____ the third row, ____Jim's left.
A. on; on
B. in; at
C. at; in
D. in; on ( ) 3. Jiangsu is___ the
east of China, but Japan is ___ the east of China.
A. to; in
B. in; to .
C. on; to
D. to; on 14
( ) 1. -Can I look up a word____ your dictionary? -I haven't
got____me.
A. into; about
B. in; with
C. at; in
D. on; on ( ) 2. 1 like moon cakes ____ meat ____ them.
A. in; on
B. with; on
C. in; the
D. with; in ( ) 3. When you are ___ trouble please ask help ___ us.
A. in; from
B. in; for
C. on; from
D. on; of ( ) 4. The shopkeeper said they had sold out the shoes____ your size.
A. about
B. in
C. to
D. of ( ) 5. I saw him___hurry at the moment.
A. in a
B. in
C. on
D. on a 15
( ) 1. He put up a map ___ the back wall because there was a hole
___ it.
A. on; on
B. at; in
C. on; in
D. on; at ( ) 2. There is a door___
the wall.
A. on
B. to
C. of
D.in ( ) 3. This kind of VCD is made____ China.
A. in
B. from
C. at
D. on ( ) 4. Any man ___ eyes______ his head can see that he's exactly like a rope.
A. with; on
B. with; in
C. on; with
D. in; with
课后作业:
16
( ) 1. There are some birds singing___ the trees.
A. in
B. on
C. at
D. from
( ) 2. Don't read ____ the sun. It's bad ___ your eyes.
A. in; to
B. under; for
C. with; to
D. in; on ( ) 3. The woman____ a blue dress is my teacher.
A. in
B. on
C. of
D. at ( ) 4. There are so many apples___ that tree.
A. in
B. on
C. at
D. from
17
( ) 1. The boat is passing___ the bridge.
A. through
B. below
C. under
D. across ( ) 2. Two planes are
flying___ the city.
A. through
B. over
C. on D, below ( ) 3. We can see a river running
to the east____ the hill.
语法专练(方位介词)1.基础练习 一、方位介词in,on,beside ,under ,above next to ,in front of ,behind ,between 选词填空 1.Beijing is______the north of China . 2.The twins usually stand ____their parents ,and their parents are in the middle . 3.There is a map of China __________ the wall of our classroom. 4.Before 2000,there was no airline _________the two cities. 5.The boy sitting __________Tina,so she couldn’t see the film clearly. 6.She will leave her homework __________ the teacher ‘s desk after school today. 7.You must ride your bike ___________ the right side of the road. 8.Me Smith lives __________ that building.His house is ___________ the fifth floor. 9.There was an exciting moment in our class when a large bird flew _____ the room. 10.The boy is taller than his friend,so he sits ___________ him in the classroom. 11.The flowers are ________ the vase on the desk. 12.She is the tallest one.She always sits ________ the back row. 13.He put a painting on the wall __________ the sofa. 14.The teacher’s desk is __________ the front of the classroom. 二、选择题 ( ) 1 The boat is passing___ the bridge. A. through B. below C. under D. across ( ) 2 Two planes are flying___ the city. A. through B. over , C. on , D, below ( ) 3 We can see a river running to the east____ the hill. A. under B. below C. over D. on ( ) 4 Do you see the kite ___ the building. A. over B. cross C. on D. above
初一英语介词专题讲解及练习 介词： 介词是虚词，不能独立充当句子成分 介词短语能够充当句子成分 介词短语= 介词+介词宾语（名词、宾格代词、动名词等充当） 根据词形，介词分为三类：1简单介词：in, on, from, at, for 合成介词：upon, into, onto, inside, without 成语介词：由两个以上单词合成。in front of, in the middle of, on top of 一、常用固定搭配的介词短语形式 1.动词+ 介词look like; look at; talk to; think of 2.be + 形容词+ 介词be surprised at; be afraid of 3.be + 名词+ 介词be mad at sb; the key to; the way to 4.介词+ 名词at work; at home; at school; at last; on the farm 5.介词+ 名词+ 介词in front of; at the age of; at the end of 6.介词+ 动名词短语after leaving school; after finishing it 7.介词+ 代词for her; from each other; after him 8.其他词+ 介词instead of; because of; according to 举例：1. She looks like her mother. 2. Your coat looks very nice. What’s it made of? 3. Would you please show me the way to the bank? 4. My father is working at the office.
巩固练习】 1 ?把下列词组翻译成英语。 1. ___________________ 在沙发上 2. 在桌子底下____________ 3. 在你的背包里____________ 4. 在抽屉里__________ 5. __________________________ 在教室（外部）前面 II .单项选则。 1. Your computer is _____ to the door. A. behind B. on C. in D. next 2 The map is ___ the wall ___ our classroom. A. on; on B. of; on C. on; at D. on; of 3 Look! The window is ___ the wall and the picture is ____ the wall. A. on; on B. in; in C. in; on D. on; in 4－Where is my ball? I can ' t see it. Look! It ' s ___________ the door. A. on B. in C. at D. behind 5. Sally is very happy. There is a big smile _____ her face. A. on B. to C. in D. at 6. My father is ill （生病）, He is _ . A. in bed B. in the bed C. on bed D. on the bed 7. There is a map of China _____ the wall in the classroom. A. in B. on C. under D. at
二、表示地点的介词in、on、behind、next to、near、over、under (1). in在……里面：The pencil is in the desk. 铅笔在课桌里。 (2). on在……上面：There are some apple on the tree. 树上有些苹果。 (3). under在……下面/正下方：What's under your desk? 你书桌底下是什么？ (4).over在……正上方：There is a shelf over the table. 桌子上方有一个书架。 (5). above 在……斜上方：Raise your arms above your head. (6). below 在……斜下方：Her skirt came below her knees. (7).behind在……之后：There is a bike behind the tree. 树后有一辆自行车。 (8).next to在……旁边：There is a café next to the barber's. 理发店隔壁是一家咖啡馆。 (9).near在……附近：My bed is near the window. 我的床在窗户旁。 (10).by 在……旁：He was sitting by the window .
第一组：over, above和on的用法 1）over指在…的正上方，表示垂直在上。如: There is a lamp over the desk. 2)above指在上方，属于斜上方。如： Raise your arms above your head. 3)on指在上面，表示两物体接触。如： There is a cup on the table. 第二组：under / below的用法： 1) under在……下面/正下方：What's under your desk? 2) below 在……斜下方：Her skirt came below her knees. 练习： ( ) 1 The boat is passing___ the bridge. A. through B. below C. under D. across ( ) 2 Two planes are flying___ the city. A. through B. over , C. on , D, below ( ) 3 We can see a river running to the east____ the hill. A. under B. below C. over D. on ( ) 4 Do you see the kite ___ the building. A. over B. cross C. on D. above C B B D
初中英语重难点之“方位”介词 介词的种类很多。在初中英语中，有许多表示事物存在的方向和位置的介词，我们称之为方位介词。如in（在……里），behind (在……后面)，down (向下)等等。其中有些方位介词的意义比较接近，在用法上很难区分，如on, over, above 都有“在……之上”的意思，但含义却不尽相同。我们可以用三个图示配以简短的文字叙述来说明这三个介词的不同用法。 on over above 通过这种方法，我们很容易掌握这三个介词的用法。现将初中英语教材中的部分方位介词用图示的方法归纳列举如下: (强调与物体的表面相接触)
几组方位介词的区别 方位介词in, on, to的区别： 1.in表示"在……范围内”，还表示“在…之中” Chongqing lies in the southwest of China. 2.on表示“与……毗邻，接壤” Canada lies on the north of America. 3.to表示方位，不接壤 Hunan lies to the east of Zhejiang. 表示地点位置的介词： 1.at, in, on, to at 用于小地方，at school, at home
In 用于大地方，in Beijing, in China On在……上面，on the map, on the table To到……To Chongqing 2.Above, over, on Above在……上方（高过另一个物体，不强调垂直） The airplane flies above that tall building.（不在正上方） over在……上方（垂直上方） The bridge spans over the river. On在……上面（物体表面有接触） There's some water on the floor, so you should be careful. 3.Below, under在……下面 Under在……下（正下方） The cat lies under the chair.（正下方） Below在……下（不一定是正下方） The cat lies under the chair.（不是正下方） 4.in front of, in the front of 在……的前面 in front of 在外部的前面，两个东西是独立的，相反的是behind The building is in front of the hospital. The building is behind the hospital.
初中英语介词讲解 1．介词的含义， 介词（虚词），不能在句子中独立充当成分。它总是用于名词、代词、或相当于名词的其它词类或短语活从句前。 中考需要掌握的11个介词：in、on、at、to、from、by、with、for、about、after、before 表示时间的介词 A．典型例题： 1.in 1996 / in 2002 / in 1847（年份） 2.in October / in February / in March （月份） 3.in spring / in summer / in autumn / in winter （季节） 4.in a week / in a year 在1周/ 年中 5.in the morning / in the afternoon / in the evening 在上午/ 下午/ 晚上 in those days 在当时/ in no time 立刻/ in the daytime 在白天/ in the future 在将来/ in one minute 在1分钟内/ 最后in the end 表示较长时间（长于一天或短于一天）如：年、年份、月份、季节、周、上午、下午、晚上以及一些习惯用法中要用介词“in”。 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- B．典型例题： 1.at ten o’clock / at seven thirty. （表示某一钟点） 2.at noon / at night / at midnight （在中午、晚上、半夜――一天中相对短暂的时间） 3.at the age of twenty / at the age of thirty-five （表示某一年龄） 4.at that time 在那时/ at the moment 这时、那时、此刻/ at first 首先/ at last 最后＝in the end / at once 立刻、马上/ at / on (the) weekends 在周末/ 在一年中的这个时候at this time of year / 在……开始/结束时at the beginning /end of 表示时间的某一点（或表示某时刻）如：钟点、年龄或其它的习惯用法中要用“at”。 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- C．典型例题： 1.on Monday / on Tuesday / on Wednesday / on Friday 2.on January 1 / on April 18 / on May 31 3.on January 1, 1988 / on April 18, 2002 / on May 31,1977 4.on Monday morning / on Tuesday afternoon / on Wednesday evening 5.on a winter morning / on a summer evening / on a autumn afternoon 6.on the morning of May fifth 7.on my birthday / on that day / on New Year’s Day / on the first two days / on Christmas Day 8.值日on duty / 准时on time / 表示某一天或者特定（某一天上下午）的时间用介词“on”。 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- D．典型例题： 1. for two hours / for three days 2. for hundreds of years 3. for the last three years / for the past three years 4. for a while
一．介词的含义 介词是一种虚词，用来表示名词或相当于名词的其它词语与句中其它词的关系，不能单独使 用。介词可以与名词或相当于名词的其它词构成介词短语。 二．表示时间的介词 at (表示钟点): at 6：30 固定搭配: at noon ; at night ; at present / at the moment in (表示年代/月份/季节): in July; in 2006; in September，1998 ； in spring 固定搭配: in the morning / in the afternoon / in the evening on (表示具体日期: 某月某日/星期几): on Monday ; on Sunday morning ; on December 17 before在 --- 之前after 在--之后 by在--之前（时间）；到--为止until / till : 直到 --（时间） since自从 -- 以来for（接一段时间） during 在 -- 期间from 从--时起 in + 一段时间： --以后（用于将来时）within --之内 after+ 一段时间：--以后（用于过去时） beyond --之外 三．表示场所，方向的介词 at 在某处（小地方）（at the cinema； at school； at home； at the railway station） in 在某处（大地方）（in China； in Beijing）；在--里面（in the classroom； in the water） on 在--上面（紧贴着其表面）: (on the table; on one’s face) near 在---附近 beside：在--旁边by 在--旁边 between在--和--之间among在--（3者或更多的人或物）当中 in front of 在--的前面behind 在--的后面 beside: 在—旁边 into 进入--里out of 从--中出来 near / nest to 靠近 across穿过（沿着表面）through穿过（从中间）along 沿着 from -- to -- 从--到-- around 在--周围 over 在--的正上方under在--的正下面/ above 在--斜上方 below 在--斜下方
介词 (一) 正误辨析 1、［误］We got to the top of the mountain in daybreak. ［正］We got to the top of the mountain at day break. ［析］at用于具体时刻之前，如：sunrise, midday, noon, sunset, midnight, night。2、［误］Don't sleep at daytime ［正］Don't sleep in daytime. ［析］in 要用于较长的一段时间之内，如：in the morning / afternoon, 或in the week / month / year. 或in spring / supper /autumn / winter等等。 3、［误］We visited the old man in Sunday afternoon. ［正］We visited the old man on Sunday afternoon. ［析］in the morning, in the afternoon 如果在这两个短语中加入任何修饰词其前面的介词都要改为on, 如：on a cold morning, on the morning of July 14th 4、［误］He became a writter at his twenties ［正］He became a writter in his twenties ［析］这句话应译为：他在20多岁时就成了作家。在某人的一段生活时间段中要用介词in来表示，而在具体岁数时用at来表示。 5、［误］He went to New York to find a job in sixteen years old. ［正］He went to New York to find a job at sixteen. ［析］在具体年岁前用at, 如：at the age of 12，at your age，等等。 6、［误］We went to swim in the river in a very hot day. ［正］We went to swim in the river on a very hot day. ［析］具体某一天要用介词on, 又如：on New Year's Day 7、［误］I'm looking forward to seeing you on Christmas. ［正］I'm looking for ward to seeing you at Christmas. ［析］在节日的当天用on，而全部节日期间用at,Christmas是圣诞节期间，一般要有两周或更长的时间。 8、［误］I haven't see you during the summer holidays. ［正］I haven't seen you since the beginning of the summer holidays. ［析］during表示在某一段时间之内，所以一般不与完成时搭配，如：I visited a lot of museums during the holiday. 而for表示一段时间，可以用于完成时，如：I haven't see you for a long time. 而through 用来表示时间时则为"整整，全部的时间"。如：It rained through the night.而since则是表达主句动作的起始时间，一般要与完成时连用。 9、［误］At entering the classroom, I heard the good news. ［正］On entering the classroom, I heard the good news. ［析］On 加动名词表示"一……就"。本句的译文应是：我一进入教室就听见这个好消息了。又如：on hearing… 一听见，on arrival 一到达就……(on表示动作的名词) 10、［误］In the beginning of the book, there are some interesting stories. ［正］At the beginning of the book, there are some interesting stories. ［析］at the begining与at the end都是指某事物的开始与结束部分，均不指时间范围，而in the beginning 则是指开始一段时间。in the end＝at last是指"最终，终于"之意。11、［误］Till the end of next week. I will have finished this work. ［正］By the end of next week. I will have finished this work. ［析］by 引起的时间状语表示了动作的截止点，其意思为"不迟于某一时刻将工作做完
方位介词in, on, under的区别 1.in: 表示“在……中”，“在……内”(常指“在某一立体空间内”)。 如：in my schoolbag in the room in the pencil-case 2.on:表示“在……上”（常指“在某一水平面上”）。如：on the wall on the table 2.under:表示“在下”（常指“在某一水平面下”）。如： under the chair under the table under the bed 精挑细选 ( ) 1. --_______ my schoolbag? --It’s under the table. A. What B. Where are C. Where’s ( ) 2. Where ________ my keys? A. is B. are C. am ( ) 3. --Where are my books? --______on the sofa. A. It’s B. They’re C. They is ( ) 4. --Where’s my pen? --_____in your schoolbag. A. It’s B. They’re C. They is ( ) 5. Where are my _______? A. schoolbag B. schoolbags C. the schoolbag 句型转换 1.Where are my books? (改为复数句) ___________________________________________________________ 2.They’re on the table. (改为单数句) ___________________________________________________________ 3.Where is my computer game?（改为复数句） ___________________________________________________________ 4. It’s under the bed. (改为复数句) ___________________________________________________________ 5. My schoolbag is under the table. （就划线部分提问） ___________________________________________________________ 当堂检测：翻译练习 T: Let’s do some translation exercises. Please translate my sentences into English. a.那个棒球在哪里Where______the _______? 我不知道。I _____ ________. 它在书包里吗？_____ it in your schoolbag? 不，它不在。它在椅子上。No，____ _____.It’s _____ the______. b.钥匙在书架上吗？______the keys on the bookcase? 不，不在。No,____ _______. c.这些书在床上。The books_____ on the be d. 这些书在床上吗？_______ _________ on the bed? d.我的英语书在沙发上。My English book is_______the sofa. 我的英语书在沙发上吗?____________________________________? e.的笔记本在在飞机模型下面。My_____ is _____ the model plane. f.他的磁带在录音机里。His tape _____ in the ____ ______. ( ) 1. – Where are the balls?
【巩固练习】 Ⅰ. 把下列词组翻译成英语。 1.在沙发上_____________ 2.在桌子底下____________ 3.在你的背包里____________ 4.在抽屉里___________ 5.在教室（外部）前面__________ Ⅱ. 单项选则。 1. Your computer is ______ to the door. A. behind B. on C. in D. next 2 The map is ____ the wall ____ our classroom. A. on; on B. of; on C. on; at D. on; of 3 Look! The window is _____ the wall and the picture is _____ the wall. A. on; on B. in; in C. in; on D. on; in 4 －Where is my ball? I can’t see it. Look! It’s _____ the door. A. on B. in C. at D. behind 5. Sally is very happy. There is a big smile ______ her face. A. on B. to C. in D. at 6. My father is ill (生病), He is ______. A. in bed B. in the bed C. on bed D. on the bed 7. There is a map of China ______ the wall in the classroom. A. in B. on C. under D. at 8. There are three windows ______ the wall. A．in B. on C. at D. to 9. There are many oranges ______ the tree. A bird ______ the tree is eating an orange. A. in; on B. on; on C. in; in D. on; in 10. －What time do you usually go to bed? －I usually go to bed ______ 11:00. A. in B. on C. at D. for 11. We can see ______ old bike ______ the tree. A. a; under B. the; at C. an; in D. an; under 12. My hats and coats are ______. A. on the bed B. under desk C. in room D. under the my bed 13. He put up a map ______ the back wall because there was a hole ______ it. A. on; on B. at; in C. on; in D. on; at 14. Don't read ____ the sun. A. at B. under C. with D. in 15. The boat is passing___ the bridge. A. through B. below C. under D. across III. 用适当的介词填空。 1. A boy is ____ the tree. 2. Can you pick(摘) the apples _____ the tree? 3. There is a picture _____ the wall. 4. There are two windows _____ the wall.
初一介词讲解 介词 介词又叫前置词，是一种用来表示词与词、词与句之间关系的词，它一般放在名词、代词（宾格）或动词（动词ing形式）前面。 知识点讲解：时间介词 at, in, on 在表示时间上的区别 1.at 在某个时刻前如：at seven o’clock，at a quarter past four, at eleven twenty 练习 1) My father usually goes to work ________ (at, in, on) 8:00. 2) The party will begin ______ (at, in, on) 2:00pm. 2. in 在某个较长的时间（如世纪、年、季节、月以及泛指的上午、下午或傍晚等）内如： in 2004, in spring, ,in March， in the morning, in the evening 练习 1) We never go shopping ______ (at, in, on) the evening. 2) I get up at 7:30 _______ (at, in, on) the morning. 3. on （1）具体的时日和一个特定的时间，如某日、节日、星期几等, 如：on Children’s Day，on New Year’s Day, on the 5th of May，on Sunday （2）在某个特定的早晨、下午或晚上。 如：on Monday morning 4.before （时间上）在……之前如：before class（上课前） 5.after （时间上）在……之后；依照 固定搭配：after class，after school，look after（照看），run after（追赶），read after me（跟我读） 练习 一、选词填空 1)Christmas is __________ (at, in, on) December 25th.
英语中方位介词用法 介词是一种用来表示词与词, 词与句之间的关系的词。在句中不能单独作句字成分。介词后面一般有名词代词或相当于名词的其他词类，短语或从句作它的宾语。介词和它的宾语构成介词词组，在句中作状语，表语，补语，定语或介词宾语。 at ,in, on, to at (1)表示在小地方; (2)表示“在……附近，旁边” in (1)表示在大地方; (2)表示“在…范围之内”。 on 表示毗邻，接壤 to 表示在……范围外，不强调是否接壤 及时练 1.He arrived _____ the station at ten. 2.He is sitting ______ the desk. 3.He arrived _____ Shanghai yesterday. 4.Jiangsu lies ________ the east of China. 5.Russia live ______ the north of China. 6.Fujian is ________ the south of Jiangsu Province. 2)above, over, on 在……上 above 指在……上方,不强调是否垂直，与below相对; over指垂直的上方,与under相对,但over与物体有一定的空间，不直接接触。 on表示某物体上面并与之接触。 1.The bird is flying above my head. 2.There is a bridge over the river. 3.He put his watch on the desk.
3)below, under 在……下面 under表示在…正下方 below表示在……下，不一定在正下方 There is a cat under the table. Please write your name below the line. 方位介词 1. at表示"在......处"，一般指较小的比较具体的地点。 如： He isn't at school. He is at home. 他不在学校，他在家。 2. in表示"在......内部;在......里面"的意思。如： What is in the box? 盒子里有什么? 3. on表示"在某物的上面"，但两者互相接触。 如：My books are on that table. 我的书在那张桌子上。 on the wall 在墙上 4. under表示"在某物垂直的正下方"，两者之间不接触。 如：My cat is under my chair. 我的猫在我的椅子下。 5. behind表示"在某物体的后面"。如：The broom is behind the door. 笤帚在门后。 6. in front of表示"在......的前面"，正好与behind相反。 如： There are some big trees in front of our classroom. 我们教室前面有几棵大树。 7. near表示"在某物体的附近"，意为"接近、靠近"。 如： The ball is near the door. 球在门旁边。
一、方位介词 1. at表示\"在......处\"，一般指较小的比较具体的地点。He isn't at school. He is at home. 2. in表示\"在......内部；在......里面\"的意思。What is in the box? 盒子里有什么？ 3. on表示\"在某物的上面\"，但两者互相接触。My books are on that table. 我的书在那张桌子上。 4.above在....上方。指两者既不垂直也不接触（反义词below) Many birds are flying above the woods.许多鸟在树林上飞。 5. under表示"在某物垂直的正下方"，两者之间不接触。My cat is under my chair. 我的猫在我的椅子下。 6. behind表示"在某物体的后面"。The boy is behind the door. 男孩在门后。 7 in front of表示\"在......的前面\"，正好与behind相反。如： There are some big trees in front of our classroom. 我们教室前面有几棵大树。 8. near表示\"在某物体的附近\"，意为"接近、靠近。The ball is near the door. 球在门旁边。 介词in, on, under, behind是表示静态位置的介词。 二、常见方位介词短语 （一）、由介词in构成的方位介词短语 1、in the front 在前面 2、in the front row 在前排 3、in the back row 在后排 4、in the third row 在第三排 5、in front of... 在...前面（范围之外） 6、in the front of... 在...前部（范围之内） 7、in the middle在中间 8、in the street在街上 9、in the middle of...在中间10、in the tree在树上（指飞鸟等外来物） （二）、由介词at构成的方位介词短语 1、at the front of...在...所在范围的前一部分 2、at the back of...在...所在范围的后一部分 3、at the foot of...在...脚下 4、at the top of...在...顶部 5、at the end of...在...尽头 6、at the head of...在...前头 7、at the（school）gate在（校）门口8、at the station 在车站 9、at No.2 Chang’a n Road在长安路2号10、at my unc le’s 在我叔叔家 11、at home在家12、at the doctor’s在医务室/在诊所（三）、由介词on构成的方位介词短语 1、on the right/left在右（左）边 2、on o ne’s right/left在某人的右（左）边 3、on the desk/table在课桌/桌上 4、on the right-hand/left-hand side在右/左手边 5、on the blackboard在黑板上 6、on/in the wall在墙上/里 7、on the paper在纸上8、on the tree在树上（指树上长的，结的东西） 三、其它介词构成的方位介词短语 1、next to靠近/贴近 2、beside the desk在课桌旁 3、behind the door在门后 4、under the bed在床下 5、near the window靠近窗户 6、outside the gate在门外
【英语】初中英语介词试题经典及解析 一、初中英语介词 1．—When is the Art Festival party? —It's seven o'clock the evening of November 18th. A. at；in B. at；on C. on；in D. in；on 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：艺术节晚会在什么时候？——它在11月18日晚上7点钟。at+具体的时间点，on+某天,或者跟具体某天的上午或下午,in +年份,季节,月份,或者泛指的上下午等。seven o'clock是时间点，故加介词at，the evening of November 18th.表示具体某天的上午或下午（晚上），故加介词on，故答案为B。 【点评】本题考查时间介词辨析，at+具体的时间点，on+某天,或者跟具体某天的上午或下午,in +年份,季节,月份,或者泛指的上下午等。 2．Let's take a walk ________ the river after diner, shall we? A. along B. through C. upon D. over 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：让我们晚饭后沿着河流散步吧，好吗？A.沿着；B.穿过；C.根据； D.在......正上方。根据常识可知沿着河流散步，along the river，沿着河流，固定搭配，故选A。 【点评】考查介词辨析，注意平时识记其词义，理解句意。 3．The high-speed train Qingdao and Beijing travels faster now. The train ride takes only about three hours. A. from B. among C. in D. between 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意：现在青岛和北京之间的高速列车跑得更快了。火车车程只有大约三个小时。from 从；among 在……中；in 在……里；between 在……之间；根据后面的and，可知是固定搭配，between…and…，在……和……之间，故选D。 【点评】此题考查介词辨析。根据句意和上下文的联系确定所使用的介词。 4．—Do you have this T-shirt in a different color? —I'm afraid not. It only comes red. A. of B. in C. for 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：——你有不同颜色的这件t恤吗？——恐怕没有。只有红色。根据T-shirt in a different color，可知是in+颜色，故选B。 【点评】考查介词辨析，注意辨别介词of、in和for 的用法。 5．Frank held his breath _____ the water to search for his ring in the swimming pool.