PMI Lexicon of Project
Management Terms
The PMI Lexicon of Project Management Terms offers you a standardized set of frequently used project, program and portfolio management terms with clear and concise definitions. Included are 145 terms that have a unique use in the profession and high relevance to its vocabulary. While our Combined Standards Glossary? contained all of the definitions from PMI's global standards, in some instances the definitions differed from standard to standard. The lexicon is the first step toward a consistent…
Acceptance Criteria
A set of conditions that is required to be met before deliverables are accepted.
Activity
A distinct, scheduled portion of work performed during the course of a project.
Actual Cost
The realized cost incurred for the work performed on an activity during a specific time period.
Analogous Estimating
A technique for estimating the duration or cost of an activity or a project, using historical data from a similar activity or project.
Apportioned Effort
An activity where effort is allotted proportionately across certain discrete efforts and not divisible into discrete efforts. (Note: Apportioned effort is one of three earned value management [EVM] types of activities used to measure work performance.)
Assumption
A factor in the planning process that is considered to be true, real, or certain, without proof or demonstration.
Backward Pass
A critical path method technique for calculating the late start and late finish dates by working backward through the schedule model from the project end date.
Baseline
The approved version of a work product that can be changed only through formal change control procedures and is used as a basis for comparison.
Bottom-up Estimating
A method of estimating project duration or cost by aggregating the estimates of the lower-level components of the work breakdown structure (WBS).
Budget at Completion
The sum of all budgets established for the work to be performed.
Change Control
A process whereby modifications to documents, deliverables, or baselines associated with the project are identified, documented, approved, or rejected.
Change Control Board
A formally chartered group responsible for reviewing, evaluating, approving, delaying, or rejecting changes to the project and for recording and communicating such decisions.
Change Control System
A set of procedures that describes how modifications to the project deliverables and documentation are managed and controlled.
Change Request
A formal proposal to modify any document, deliverable, or baseline.
Code of Accounts
A numbering system used to uniquely identify each component of the work breakdown structure.
Communication Management Plan
A component of the project, program, or portfolio management plan that describes how, when, and by whom information will be administered and disseminated.
Constraint
A limiting factor that affects the execution of a project, program, portfolio, or process.
Control Account
A management control point where scope, budget, actual cost, and
schedule are integrated and compared to earned value for performance measurement.
Corrective Action
An intentional activity that realigns the performance of the project work with the project management plan.
Cost Management Plan
A component of a project or program management plan that describes how costs will be planned, structured, and controlled.
Cost Performance Index
A measure of the cost efficiency of budgeted resources expressed as the ratio of earned value to actual cost.
Cost Variance
The amount of budget deficit or surplus at a given point in time, expressed as the difference between the earned value and the actual cost.
Crashing
A technique used to shorten the schedule duration for the least incremental cost by adding resources.
Critical Chain Method
A schedule method that allows the project team to place buffers on any project schedule path to account for limited resources and
project uncertainties.
Critical Path
The sequence of activities that represents the longest path through a project, which determines the shortest possible duration.
Critical Path Activity
Any activity on the critical path in a project schedule.
Critical Path Method
A method used to estimate the minimum project duration and determine the amount of scheduling flexibility on the logical network paths within the schedule model.
Data Date
A point in time when the status of the project is recorded.
Decision Tree Analysis
A diagramming and calculation technique for evaluating the implications of a chain of multiple options in the presence of uncertainty.
Decomposition
A technique used for dividing and sub-dividing the project scope and project deliverables into smaller, more manageable parts.
Defect Repair
An intentional activity to modify a nonconforming product or product component.
Deliverable
Any unique and verifiable product, result, or capability to perform a service that is required to be produced to complete a process, phase, or project.
Discrete Effort
An activity that can be planned and measured and that yields a specific output. (Note: Discrete effort is one of three earned value management [EVM] types of activities used to measure work performance.)
Early Finish Date
In the critical path method, the earliest possible point in time when the uncompleted portions of a schedule activity can finish based on the schedule network logic, the data date, and any schedule constraints.
Early Start Date
In the critical path method, the earliest possible point in time when the uncompleted portions of a schedule activity can start based on the schedule network logic, the data date, and any schedule constraints.
Earned Value
The measure of work performed expressed in terms of the budget authorized for that work.
Earned Value Management
A methodology that combines scope, schedule, and resource measurements to assess project performance and progress.
Effort
The number of labor units required to complete a schedule activity or work breakdown structure component, often expressed in hours, days, or weeks.
Enterprise Environmental Factors
Conditions, not under the immediate control of the team, that influence, constrain, or direct the project, program, or portfolio.
Estimate at Completion
The expected total cost of completing all work expressed as the sum of the actual cost to date and the estimate to complete.
Estimate to Complete
The expected cost to finish all the remaining project work.
Fast Tracking
A schedule compression technique in which activities or phases normally done in sequence are performed in parallel for at least a portion of their duration.
Finish-to-Finish
A logical relationship in which a successor activity cannot finish until a predecessor activity has finished.
Finish-to-Start
A logical relationship in which a successor activity cannot start until a predecessor activity has finished.
Forward Pass
A critical path method technique for calculating the early start and early finish dates by working forward through the schedule model from the project start date or a given point in time.
Free Float
The amount of time that a schedule activity can be delayed without delaying the early start date of any successor or violating a schedule constraint.
Gantt Chart
A bar chart of schedule information where activities are listed on the vertical axis, dates are shown on the horizontal axis, and
activity durations are shown as horizontal bars placed according to start and finish dates.
Human Resource Plan
A component of the project or program management plan that describes how the roles and responsibilities, reporting relationships, and staff management will be addressed and structured.
Lag
The amount of time whereby a successor activity is required to be delayed with respect to a predecessor activity.
Late Finish Date
In the critical path method, the latest possible point in time when the uncompleted portions of a schedule activity can finish based on the schedule network logic, the project completion date, and any schedule constraints.
Late Start Date
In the critical path method, the latest possible point in time when the uncompleted portions of a schedule activity can start based on the schedule network logic, the project completion date, and any schedule constraints.
Lead
The amount of time whereby a successor activity can be advanced with respect to a predecessor activity.
Lessons Learned
The knowledge gained during a project which shows how project events were addressed or should be addressed in the future for the purpose of improving future performance
Level of Effort
An activity that does not produce definitive end products and is measured by the passage of time. (Note: Level of effort is one of three earned value management [EVM] types of activities used to measure work performance.)
Logical Relationship
A dependency between two activities, or between an activity and a milestone.
Milestone
A significant point or event in a project, program, or portfolio.
Most Likely Duration
An estimate of the most probable activity duration that takes into account all of the known variables that could affect performance.
Opportunity
A risk that would have a positive effect on one or more project objectives.
Optimistic Duration
An estimate of the shortest activity duration that takes into account all of the known variables that could affect performance.
Organizational Breakdown Structure
A hierarchical representation of the project organization, which illustrates the relationship between project activities and the organizational units that will perform those activities.
Organizational Process Assets
Plans, processes, policies, procedures and knowledge bases specific to and used by the performing organization.
Organizational Project Management Maturity
The level of an organization's ability to deliver the desired strategic outcomes in a predictable, controllable, and reliable manner.
Parametric Estimating
An estimating technique in which an algorithm is used to calculate cost or duration based on historical data and project parameters.
Path Convergence
A relationship in which a schedule activity has more than one predecessor.
Path Divergence
A relationship in which a schedule activity has more than one successor.
Percent Complete
An estimate expressed as a percent of the amount of work that has been completed on an activity or a work breakdown structure component.
Performing Organization
An enterprise whose personnel are the most directly involved in doing the work of the project or program.
Pessimistic Duration
An estimate of the longest activity duration, which takes into account all of the known variables that could affect performance.
Phase Gate
A review at the end of a phase in which a decision is made to continue to the next phase, to continue with modification, or to end a project or program.
Planned Value
The authorized budget assigned to scheduled work.
Portfolio
Projects, programs, subportfolios, and operations managed as a group to achieve strategic objectives.
Portfolio Balancing
The process of optimizing the mix of portfolio components to further the strategic objectives of the organization.
Portfolio Management
The centralized management of one or more portfolios to achieve strategic objectives.
Precedence Diagramming Method
A technique used for constructing a schedule model in which
activities are represented by nodes and are graphically linked by one or more logical relationships to show the sequence in which the activities are to be performed.
Predecessor Activity
An activity that logically comes before a dependent activity in a schedule.
Preventive Action
An intentional activity that ensures the future performance of the project work is aligned with the project management plan.
Probability and Impact Matrix
A grid for mapping the probability of each risk occurrence and its impact on project objectives if that risk occurs.
Procurement Management Plan
A component of the project or program management plan that describes how a team will acquire goods and services from outside of the performing organization.
Product Life Cycle
The series of phases that represent the evolution of a product, from concept through delivery, growth, maturity, and to retirement.
Program
A group of related projects, subprograms and program activities that are managed in a coordinated way to obtain benefits not available from managing them individually.
Program Management
The application of knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to a program to meet the program requirements and to obtain benefits and control not available by managing projects individually.
Program Management Office
A management structure that standardizes the program-related governance processes and facilitates the sharing of resources, methodologies, tools, and techniques.
Progressive Elaboration
The iterative process of increasing the level of detail in a project management plan as greater amounts of information and more accurate estimates become available.
Project
A temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service, or result.
Project Calendar
A calendar that identifies working days and shifts that are available for scheduled activities.
Project Charter
A document issued by the project initiator or sponsor that formally authorizes the existence of a project and provides the project manager with the authority to apply organizational resources to project activities.
Project Life Cycle
The series of phases that a project passes through from its
initiation to its closure.
Project Management
The application of knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to project activities to meet the project requirements.
Project Management Office
A management structure that standardizes the project-related governance processes and facilitates the sharing of resources, methodologies, tools, and techniques.
Project Management Plan
The document that describes how the project will be executed, monitored, and controlled.
Project Manager
The person assigned by the performing organization to lead the team that is responsible for achieving the project objectives.
Project Phase
A collection of logically related project activities that culminates in the completion of one or more deliverables.
Project Schedule
An output of a schedule model that presents linked activities with planned dates, durations, milestones, and resources.
Project Schedule Network Diagram
A graphical representation of the logical relationships among the project schedule activities.
Project Scope
The work performed to deliver a product, service, or result with the specified features and functions.
Project Scope Statement
The description of the project scope, major deliverables, assumptions, and constraints.
Quality Management Plan
A component of the project or program management plan that describes how an organization's quality policies will be implemented.
Requirement
A condition or capability that is required to be present in a product, service, or result to satisfy a contract or other formally imposed specification.
Requirements Management Plan
A component of the project or program management plan that describes how requirements will be analyzed, documented and managed.
Requirements Traceability Matrix
A grid that links product requirements from their origin to the deliverables that satisfy them.
Resource Breakdown Structure
A hierarchical representation of resources by category and type.
Resource Calendar
A calendar that identifies the working days and shifts upon which each specific resource is available.
Resource Leveling
A technique in which start and finish dates are adjusted based on resource constraints with the goal of balancing demand for resources with the available supply.
Responsibility Assignment Matrix
A grid that shows the project resources assigned to each work package.
Risk
An uncertain event or condition that, if it occurs, has a positive or negative effect on one or more project objectives.
Risk Acceptance
A risk response strategy whereby the project team decides to acknowledge the risk and not take any action unless the risk occurs.
Risk Avoidance
A risk response strategy whereby the project team acts to eliminate the threat or protect the project from its impact.
Risk Breakdown Structure
A hierarchical representation of risks that is organized according to risk categories.
Risk Category
A group of potential causes of risk.
Risk Management Plan
A component of the project, program, or portfolio management plan that describes how risk management activities will be structured and performed.
Risk Mitigation
A risk response strategy whereby the project team acts to reduce the probability of occurrence or impact of a risk.
Risk Register
A document in which the results of risk analysis and risk response planning are recorded.
Risk Transference
A risk response strategy whereby the project team shifts the impact of a threat to a third party, together with ownership of the response.
Rolling Wave Planning
An iterative planning technique in which the work to be accomplished in the near term is planned in detail, while the work in the future is planned at a higher level.
Schedule Baseline
The approved version of a schedule model that can be changed only through formal change control procedures and is used as a basis for comparison to actual results.
Schedule Compression
A technique used to shorten the schedule duration without reducing the project scope.
Schedule Management Plan
A component of the project or program management plan that establishes the activities for developing, monitoring, and controlling the project or program.
Schedule Model
A representation of the plan for executing the project's activities including durations, dependencies and other planning information, used to produce a project schedule along with other scheduling artifacts.
Schedule Model Analysis
A process used to investigate or analyze the output of the schedule model in order to optimize the schedule
Schedule Performance Index
A measure of schedule efficiency expressed as the ratio of earned value to planned value.
Schedule Variance
A measure of schedule performance expressed as the difference between the earned value and the planned value.
Scope Baseline
The approved version of a scope statement, work breakdown structure (WBS), and its associated WBS dictionary, which can be changed only through formal change control procedures and is used as a basis for comparison.
Scope Creep
The uncontrolled expansion to product or project scope without adjustments to time, cost, and resources.
Scope Management Plan
A component of the project or program management plan that describes how the scope will be defined, developed, monitored, controlled, and verified.
S-Curve Analysis
An earned value management technique used to indicate performance trends by using a graph that displays cumulative costs over a
specific time period.
Secondary Risk
A risk that arises as a direct result of implementing a risk response.
Sponsor
A person or group who provides resources and support for the project, program, or portfolio, and is accountable for enabling success.
Staffing Management Plan
A component of the human resource plan that describes when and how team members will be acquired and how long they will be needed.
Stakeholder
An individual, group, or organization who may affect, be affected by, or perceive itself to be affected by a decision, activity, or outcome of a project, program, or portfolio.
Start-to-Finish
A logical relationship in which a successor activity cannot finish until a predecessor activity has started.
Start-to-Start
A logical relationship in which a successor activity cannot start until a predecessor activity has started.
Successor Activity
A dependent activity that logically comes after another activity in a schedule.
Summary Activity
A group of related schedule activities aggregated and displayed as a single activity.
Threat
A risk that would have a negative effect on one or more project objectives.
Three-Point Estimate
A technique used to estimate cost or duration by applying an average of optimistic, pessimistic, and most likely estimates when there is uncertainty with the individual activity estimates.
To-Complete Performance Index
A measure of the cost performance that is required to be achieved with the remaining resources in order to meet a specified management goal, expressed as the ratio of the cost to finish the outstanding work to the remaining budget.
Total Float
The amount of time that a schedule activity can be delayed or extended from its early start date without delaying the project
finish date or violating a schedule constraint.
Trigger Condition
An event or situation that indicates that a risk is about to occur.
Variance Analysis
A technique for determining the cause and degree of difference between the baseline and actual performance.
Variance at Completion
A projection of the amount of budget deficit or surplus, expressed as the difference between the budget at completion and the estimate at completion.
WBS Dictionary
A document that provides detailed deliverable, activity, and scheduling information about each component in the work breakdown structure.
What-If Scenario Analysis
The process of evaluating scenarios in order to predict their effect on project objectives.
Work Breakdown Structure
A hierarchical decomposition of the total scope of work to be carried out by the project team to accomplish the project objectives and create the required deliverables.
Work Package
The work defined at the lowest level of the work breakdown structure for which cost and duration can be estimated and managed.
Workaround
A response to a threat that has occurred, for which a prior response had not been planned or was not effective.
A A．B．C极密度继电器（第二报警值）Density relay For A.B.C. pole (2th alarm value) A．B．C极密度继电器（第一报警值）Density relay For A.B.C. pole (first alarm value) A．B．C极主储压器漏氮指示器Indicator for N2 leakage from the main accumulator of A.B.C.pole 安(培) ampere (A) 安全边界safety boundaries 安全标志safety mark 安全标准safety standard 安全操作规程safety operation specifications 安全措施safety measure / safety action 安全电压safety voltage 安全阀relief valve / safety valve 安全阀打开Safety valve opening 安全防护技术要求safeguarding specifications 安全分析报告safety analysis report 安全工程(学) safety engineering 安全工作压力safe working pressure 安全管理safety management 安全技术措施safety technical steps (measurement)) 安全技术规程safety technical regulation 安全距离safe distance 安全可靠运行safe and reliable operation 安全认证safety certification 安全色safety color 安全设[措]施maintenance prevention 安全生产safety in production 安全特低电压safety extra-low voltage 安全限度safe limit 安全性safety 安全要求safety requirement 安全裕度safety margin 安全运行safe and reliable operation / safe operation 安全责任制system of safety responsibility 安全注意事项safety precautions 安匝ampere-turns 安装erection / mounting / installation 安装垫mounting pad 安装费用installation cost 安装和使用条件condition of installation and use 安装和维护erection and maintenance 安装结构mounting structure 安装结构或间距mounting structure or spacing 安装竣工检验final installation inspection 安装孔fixing hole 安装面mounting face 安装平面mounting plane 安装使用说明书instructions for installation & operation 安装说明mounting instruction 安装条件mounting conditions 安装图assembly drawing 安装有…… be installed / be fitted with 氨气检漏ammonia sniffing 鞍型端子saddle terminal 按钮push-button 按钮开关push button actuator 按生产要素分配distribution based on production factors 按照in accordance with (to) / according to 按指数衰减的直流恢复电压exponentially decaying d.c. recovery voltage 盎斯-英寸ounce-inch 凹坑pit 奥氏体austenite B 八小时工作制8-hour duty 巴(表压) bar (gauge pressure) 扒钉anti-cheking iron 扒渣dross trap 拔模斜度draft 把...拆开take apart 把M安装在N上fit M on N 把M套在N上fit M over N 把M装（插）进N fit M into N 把手handle 坝址dam site 白班dayshift 白点fish eye / flake 白金white gold 白金电极platinum electrode 白口铁white cast iron 白口铸铁white cast iron 白铁皮white iron 白噪声white noise 百分比抽样检验percent sampling inspection and test 百分数percentage 百分数导电率percent conductivity 百分阻抗percentage impedance 摆动wobble 摆动焊welding with weaving; weave bead welding 摆动振动wagging vibration 摆脱电流let-go current 扳手wrench / spanner 斑点spot 搬运handling 板材sheets 板规（靠模）plate gauge (shaping plate) 板坯slab 板条箱（包装用）crate 板牙screw plate / die-block 半波half-wave / half-cycle / loop 半波持续时间loop duration 半成品semi-finished product 半打（六个）half a dozen 半导体semiconductor 半导体层semiconducting layer 半干法semi-dry method 半个正弦波 a half sine wave 半个周波one-half cycle 半极half a pole 半控half control 半年度检验semiannual inspection and test 半衰期half-life 半小时half an hour 半硬钢half-hard steel 半圆棒half round bar 半自动semi-automatic 半自动的semi-automatic 半自动焊semi-automatic welding 伴随accompany 棒料billet 棒形绝缘子rod insulator 包封encapsulating 包封胶encapsulating compound 包覆导体clad conductor 包含体inclusion body 包括include / comprise / contain 包络线envelope curve
项目管理常用项目管理专业术语： 一、缩写 AC 实际成本 ACWP 已完成工作实际成本 AD 活动描述法 ADM 箭线法 AF 实际完成日期 AOA 双代号网络图 AON 单代号网络图 AS 实际开始日期 BAC 完工预算 BCWP 已完成工作预算成本 BCWS 成本核算计划 CCB 变更控制委员会 CPFF 成本加固定费（合同） CPIF 成本加奖励（合同） CPI 成本执行指数（费用指数） CV 成本偏差 DD 数据日期 EAC 完工估算 DU 历时或工期 EF 最早完工日期 ES 最早开始日期 ETC 完工尚需估算 EV 挣值 EVM 挣值管理 FF 自由时差或完成-完成（逻辑关系） FFP 完全固定总价（合同） FPIF 固定价加奖励（合同） FS 完成-开始（开始） GERT 图形评审技术 IFB 投标邀请 LOE 投入水平 LS 最晚开始时间 OBS 组织分解结构 PC 完成百分比 PDM 前导图 PERT 计划评审技术 PF 计划完成日期 PM 项目管理或项目经理
PMBOK 项目管理知识体系 PMP 项目管理专业人员 PS 计划开始日期 PV 计划值 QA 质量保证 QC 质量控制 RAM 责任分配矩阵 RDU 剩余历时或工期 RFP 邀请提交建议书 RFQ 邀请报价 SF 计划完成日期或开始-完成 SOW 工作说明 SPI 计划执行指数（进度指数） SS 计划开始时间或开始-开始 SV 进度偏差 TC 目标完成日期 TF 总时差或目标完成日期 TS 目标开始日期 TQM 全面质量管理 VE 价值工程 WBS 工作分解结构 二、定义 职责矩阵：责任分配矩阵 活动：项目过程中的工作单元，一个活动通常具有预计的时间，预计的成本和预算的资源需求，活动通常细分成单个任务。 活动定义：确定完成项目各种可交付物成果所需要执行的具体活动。 活动描述：在项目网络中使用的短语或标示。活动描述通常是描 述某个活动的工作内容 活动历时估算：估算完成单项活动所需要的工作时间。 双代号网络图：用箭线表示活动 活动排序：识别相互之间的逻辑关系并形成相应文档。 真实成本：给定一段时间范围内，完成工作所引起的、在与计划值和挣值（它们有时仅是直接人工工时，或仅是直接成本，或是包括间接成本 在内的所有成本）范围内预算的任何成本相关的全部成本。 单代号网路图：用节点表示工作 已完成工作实际成本：在规定时间内进行进行某项工作（直接或间接）实际 发生的成本 实际完成日期：活动的工作实际完成的时间点（某些应用领域，当工作“基 本完成”时这个活动认为是完成） 行政收尾：为项目正式结束而建立、收集和分发有关信息 应用领域：具有一些共同元素的项目，这些沟通元素并非在所有项目都出现，应用领域通常按照项目产品（如按照类似的技术活产业部门）或 客户类型（如外部的或内部的，政府与商业）来定义，应用领域 也有重叠。
电力电子技术术语 Absorber Circuit 吸收电路 ＡＣ／ＡＣFrequency Converter 交交变频电路 AC power control 交流电力控制 AC Power Controller 交流调功电路 AC Power Electronic Switch 交流电力电子开关 AC Voltage Controller 交流调压电路Asynchronous Modulation 异步调制 Baker Clamping Circuit 贝克箝位电路 Bi-directional Triode Thyristor 双向晶闸管 Bipolar Junction Transistor-- BJT 双极结型晶体管 Boost-Buck Chopper 升降压斩波电路 Boost Chopper 升压斩波电路 Boost Converter 升压变换器 Bridge Reversible Chopper 桥式可逆斩波电路Buck Chopper 降压斩波电路 Buck Converter 降压变换器Commutation 换流 Conduction Angle 导通角 Constant Voltage Constant Frequency--CVCF 恒压恒频Continuous Conduction--CCM （电流）连续模式Control Circuit 控制电路CUK Circuit CUK 斩波电路 Current Reversible Chopper 电流可逆斩波电路Current Source Type Inverter--CSTI 电流（源）型逆变电路Cycloconvertor 周波变流器 DC-AC-DC Converter 直交直电路 DC Chopping 直流斩波 DC Chopping Circuit 直流斩波电路 DC-DC Converter 直流－直流变换器Device Commutation 器件换流 Direct Current Control 直接电流控制Discontinuous Conduction mode （电流）断续模式Displacement Factor 位移因数 Distortion Power 畸变功率 Double End Converter 双端电路 Driving Circuit 驱动电路 Electrical Isolation 电气隔离 Fast Acting Fuse 快速熔断器 Fast Recovery Diode 快恢复二极管 Fast Recovery Epitaxial Diodes 快恢复外延二极管Fast Switching Thyristor 快速晶闸管 Field Controlled Thyristor 场控晶闸管 Flyback Converter 反激电流
下列缩略语用于构造级联数据名，例如，“ChNum”由两个缩略语“Ch”和“Num”级联构成，“Ch”表示“通道”，“Num”意思为“编号”。因而，这两个缩略语级联构成的数据名“ChNum”表示“通道编号”含义。 A 电流Current Acs 访问Access ACSI 抽象通信服务接口Abstract Communication Service Interface Acu 噪声Acoustic Age 时效、老化、冷却Ageing Alm 告警Alarm Amp 相别无关电流Current non phase related An 模拟Analogue Ang 角度Angle Auth 授权、权限Authorisation Auto 自动的Automatic Aux 辅助设备Auxiliary Av 平均Average B 套管Bushing Bat 电池Battery Beh 特性、行为Behaviour Bin 二进制Binary Blk 闭锁，被闭锁Block, Blocked Bnd 频带Band Bo 底部Bottom Cap 能力Capability Capac 电容Capacitance Car 载波Carrier CB 断路器Circuit Breaker CDC 公用数据类Common Data Class CE 冷却设备Cooling Equipment Cf 峰值系数Crest factor Cfg 配置、结构Configuration CG 铁芯接地Core Ground Ch 通道Channel Cha 充电器Charger Chg 变化Change Chk 校验、检验Check Chr 特点Characteristic Cir 环流Circulating Clc 计算Caculate Clk 时钟、顺时针方向Clock、clockwise Cls 关闭、合闸Close Cnt 计数Counter Col 线圈Coil Cor 校正Correction
电力系统 power system 发电机 generator 励磁 excitation 励磁器 excitor 电压 voltage 电流 current 升压变压器 step-up transformer 母线 bus 变压器 transformer 空载损耗：no-load loss 铁损：iron loss 铜损：copper loss 空载电流：no-load current 无功损耗：reactive loss 有功损耗：active loss 输电系统 power transmission system 高压侧 high side 输电线 transmission line 高压: high voltage 低压：low voltage 中压：middle voltage 功角稳定 angle stability 稳定 stability 电压稳定 voltage stability 暂态稳定 transient stability 电厂 power plant 能量输送 power transfer 交流 AC 直流 DC 电网 power system 落点 drop point 开关站 switch station 调节 regulation 高抗 high voltage shunt reactor 并列的：apposable 裕度 margin 故障 fault 三相故障 three phase fault 分接头：tap 切机 generator triping 高顶值 high limited value 静态 static (state) 动态 dynamic (state) 机端电压控制 AVR 电抗 reactance 电阻 resistance 功角 power angle 有功（功率） active power 电容器：Capacitor 电抗器：Reactor 断路器：Breaker 电动机：motor 功率因数：power-factor 定子：stator 阻抗电压：阻抗：impedance 功角：power-angle 电压等级：voltage grade 有功负载: active load/PLoad 无功负载：reactive load 档位：tap position 电阻：resistor 电抗：reactance 电导：conductance 电纳：susceptance 上限:upper limit 下限：lower limit
项目管理的名词解释 1、横道图：一种表示计划信息的图形。在典型的横道图中，活动和其他项目要素的名称从上向下列在图的左边，时间刻度表显示在顶部，活动历时用对应时标轴的横道条表示。横道图也称甘特图：（Bar Chart） 2、完工预算（Budget At Completion）（BAC）：估算项目完成时的全部成本。 已完成工作预算成本Budgeted Cost of Work Performed（国内常使用实现投资额）：在规定时间范围内（通常是项目目前日期）所有完成的活动（或活动的一部分）批准的成本估算的总和（包括任何管理成本分摊）。参考挣值。 3、计划工作预算成本Budgeted Cost of Work Scheduled（或计划投资额）：在规定时间范围内（通常是项目目前日期），所有计划执行的活动（或活动的一部分）的批准的成本预算总和。参考挣值法。 4、沟通计划编制：Comunications Planning确定项目干系人对信息和沟通的需要。 5、要素（Component）：组成部分，一个元素 6、约束（Constraint）：影响项目绩效的适当的限制。影响活动进度安排的任何因素。 7、应急计划编制（Contingency Planning）：编制一个管理计划，确定当特定风险发生时，用于保证项目成功所采用的替代策略。 8、合同（Contract）：合同是规定卖方履行提供指定产品和买方履行支付义务的双方相互约束的协议。合同通常概括为以下三大类： l 固定总价合同或总价合同：这类合同包含明确定义的产品的固定总价格，也包括为满足或超过既定的项目目标（如进度目标）所提供的奖励。 l 成本补偿合同：这类合同包含按承包商实际成本的支付。成本通常划分为直接成本（项目直接发生的成本，如项目人员的工资）和间接成本（执行机构分摊到项目上的业务成本，如公司管理人员的工资）。间接成本通常用直接成本的百分比计算。成本补偿合同通常包含为满足或超过既定的项目目标（如进度目标或总成本）所提供的奖励。 l 单价合同：按单位服务预定单价（如专业服务每小时70美元，或运土每立方码1.08美金）支付的合同。合同总金额随完成的总工作量变化而变化。 9、合同管理（Contract Administration）：管理与卖方之间的关系。 10、合同收尾（Contract Close-out）：合同完成和纠纷处理，包括所有遗留问题均已解决。 11、控制（Control）：将实际绩效与计划进行比较，分析偏差，评审各种可能的替代方案，并在必要时采取适当的纠正措施的过程。 12、控制图（Control Chart）：就是将过程的结果随时间的变化显示出来，与已建的控制线形成对比图形，确定这个过程是“受控”还是需要调整。 13、纠正措施（Corrective Action）：使项目未来预计绩效与既定计划一致所做的变更。 14、成本预算（Cost Budgeting）：把成本估算分摊到项目的各个子项上。 15、成本控制（Cost Control）：控制项目预算的变化。 16、成本估算（Cost Estimating）：估算完成项目活动所需资源的成本。 17、质量成本（Cost of Quality）：为保证质量所发生的成本，包括质量计划、质量控制、质量保证和返工。 18、成本执行指数（Cost Performance Index）（CPI）：预算成本和实际成本的比率（BCWP/ACWP）。CPI通常用以下公式预测成本可能超支的限度：原始成本估算/CPI＝计划完成成本。参考挣值。 19、成本偏差（Cost Variance）（CV）：（1）活动预算成本和实际成本的任何差额。（2）在挣值中，BCWP减去ACWP。 20、赶工（Crashing）：在分析如何以最少的成本最大限度地压缩历时的大量替代方案后，采取措施压缩项目总历时。 21、关键活动（Critical Activity）：处于关键路线上的任何活动。通常由关键路线法确定。尽管有些活动在词典中的含义是“关键的”，但不在关键路线上是‘关键的’，则在项目意义上。 22、关键路线（Critical Path）：项目网络图中，决定项目最早完成日期的活动路线。当某些活动超前和滞后于计划完成时，关键路线通常将随时间的变化而变化。虽然通常是计算整个项目的关键路线，但也可以确定达到一个里程碑或子项目的关键路线。通常按照总时差小于或等于某个指定的值（通常是0）的活动来确定关键路线。
8-level Vestigial Side Band (8-VSB) 八级残余边带 A-law Ａ-律 AAL 1 circuit emulation mode AAL1 电路仿真模式 AC signaling 交流信令 ACK cycle 确认周期 ADSL transceiver unit (ATU) ADSL 收发器单元 AFE analog front end 模拟前端 AND 逻辑和 AND gate 和门 APD avalanche photodiode 雪崩光电二极管 ASCII 美国国家信息交换标准代码 ASCII asynchronous support package (AASP) ASCII 异步支持程序包 ASIC cell 专用集成电路单元，专用集成电路组 AT command set AT 命令集 ATM adaptation layer (AAL) ATM 适配层 ATM bearer service ATM 承载电路业务 ATM cell ATM 信元 ATM management objects ATM 管理对象 ATM network integrated processing (NIP) ATM 网络综合处理 ATM switch ATM 交换 Accelerated Hub Architecture 加速中枢架构 Advanced Research Project Agency (ARPA) [ 美国国防部]高级研究计划局Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPAnet) ARPA 网 Advanced SCSI Programming Interface (ASPI) 先进SCSI（小型电脑系统接口）编程接口Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC) 先进电视系统委员会 Aerial Cable 架空电缆 Aloha Aloba 多点同时传送[接入控制技术] American Electronics Association (AEA) 美国电子商联会 American National Standards Institute (ANSI) 美国国家标准学会 American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) 美国信息交换标准代码American Wire Gauge (AWG) 美式线计量标准 AppleShare AppleShare 软件 AppleTalk AppleTalk 局域网 AppleTalk control protocol (ATCP) AppleTalk 控制协议 AppleTalk filing protocol (AFP) AppleTalk 文件应用协议 Applied Research Laboratories (ARL) 应用研究实验室 Archie Archie 程序，阿奇程序 Architecture, Open Cooperative Computing (OCCA) 合作开放式运算（体系）结构Architecture, Scalable Processor (SPARC) 可定标处理器（体系）结构 Ardis Ardis 公共数据通信无线网 Article Number Association(ANA) 英国商品编码协会 Association of Radio Industry Business (ARIB) 无线电工商业协会 Association, American Electronics (AEA) 美国电子商协会 Association, Chinese Open Systems (COSA) 中文开放系统协会
电子词典初二英语第一期 一、本期知识点概述: 1.be going to 的用法: 1 be going to 表示将要发生的动作,含有打算的意思。 2 be going to 后接动词原形。 3be going to 常和表示将来的时间一起用。例如:tomorrow, tomorrow morning, tomorrow afternoon, tomorrow evening, this weekend, next Monday 等等。 2. 形容词和副词的比较级: 构成: 1形容词和副词的比较级和最高级构成规则一样。不过,副词的最高级前可以省略the。 2单音节和少数双音节词的比较级和最高级的构成规则: A.一般在词尾加-er或-est. 如:young---younger, youngest . B.以字母e结尾的形容词,在词尾加-r或-st. 如:nice---nicer, nicest . C.以重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,应双写这个辅音字母,再加-er 或 -est. 如:big---bigger. D. 以辅音字母+y结尾的双音节词,先改变y为i, 再加-er或-est. 如:easy---easier. 3多音节词和部分双音节词的比较级和最高级的构成规则: 在词前加more或most.如:beautiful---more beautiful, most beautiful 4不规则变化:good/well ---better, best bad/ill ---worse, worst many/much---more, most little ---less, least far---farther, farthest 用法: 1表示两者之间的比较用比较级。如: Mrs Brown is taller than Mrs Read. 3表示三者或三者以上之间的比较用最高级。如: Who’s the fattest in your family? 3. 重点单词、词组和句型归纳: 1单词:fun, agree, tie, die, free, taste, wait, interesting, stop, until. 2词组:on ti me, go boating, not…any more, have to. 3句型:Welcome back to school. It doesn’t matter. Why don’t you talk about English names? Best wishes. I’m good at football. It’s not far fr om my home. Would you like to come over to my home for dinner? Thanks for asking us. How about another one? May I have a taste?
项目管理术语中英文对照 项目管理术语中英文对照 ACWP Actual Cost of Work Performed 已执行工作实际成本 AD Activity Description 工作描述 ADM Arrow Diagramming Method 箭线图示解法 AF Actual Finish Date 实际完成日期 AOA Activity-On-Arrow 双代号网络图 AON Activity-On-Node 单代号网络图 AS Actual Start Date 实际开始日期 BAC Budget At Completion 在完成时的预算 BCWP Budgeted Cost of work Performed 已执行工作预算成本BCWS Budgeted Cost of work Scheduled 计划完成工作预算成本CCB Change Control Board 变更控制委员会 CPFF Cost Plus Fixed Fee 成本加固定费用（合同） CPIF Cost Plus Incentive Fee 成本加奖励费用（合同） CPI Cost Performance Index 成本执行指数 CPM Critical Path Method 关键线路法 CV Cost Variance 成本偏差 DD Data Date 数据日期 DU Duration 持续时间，工期 EAC Estimate At Completion 在完成时的估算 EF Early Finish date 最早完成日期 ES Early Start date 最早开始日期 ETC Estimate (or Estimated) To Complete 到完成时的估算 EV Earned Value 挣值法 FF Free Float or Finish-to-Finish 自由时差，或完成到完成关系FFP Firm Fixed Price 完全固定总价合同 FPIF Fixed Price Incentive Fee 固定价加奖励费用 FS Finish-to-Start 完成到开始关系 GERT Graphical Evaluation and Review Technique 图示评审技术IFB Invitation For Bid 邀标 LF Late Finish Date 最晚完成日期 LOE Level of Effort 投入水平 LS Late Start date 最晚开始日期 MPM Modern Project Management 现代项目管理 OBS Organization(al) Breakdown Structure 组织分解结构 PC Percent Complete 完成百分比 PDM Precedence Diagramming Method 优先图示法 PERT Program Evaluation and Review Technique 计划评审技术
电器电子英语词汇（D） 育龙网 WWW.CHINA-B.C0M 2009年06月03日来源：互联网 育龙网核心提示： d/a converter 数字模拟转换器da 设计自动化dac 数字 模拟转换器dacq 数据采集damage 损伤damage area 损伤区damage probability d/a converter 数字模拟转换器 da 设计自动化 dac 数字模拟转换器 dacq 数据采集 damage 损伤 damage area 损伤区 damage probability 损伤概率 damage study 破坏研究 damped oscillations 阻尼振荡 damped wave 衰减波 damping 衰减 damping constant 衰减常数 damping diode 阻尼二极管 damping factor 衰减因数 dark current 暗电流 dark discharge 暗放电 dark pulse spectrum 暗脉冲谱 dark resistance 暗电阻 dark space 暗区 dark spot 黑点 dark spot signal 黑点信号 dark trace screen 暗迹屏 darlington amplifier 达灵顿放大器 darlington emitter follower 达林顿射极跟随器data 数据 data acquisition 数据采集 data bank 数据库 data capture 数据采集
data channel 数据电路 data circuit 数据电路 data collection 数据采集 data communication 数据通信 data communication system 数据传送系统data compression 数据压缩 data concentrator 数据集中器 data conversion 数据转换 data gathering 数据采集 data handling 数据处理 data line 数据电路 data link 数据传输线路 data logging 数据采集 data modem 数据灯解调 data network 数据网 data packet switching 数据包交换 data processing 数据处理 data reduction 数据压缩 data slice 位片微处理机 data transfer 数据传送 data transmission 数据传送 data transmission channel 数据传输通道dc 数据转换 dc amplifier 直僚大器 dccd 数字电荷耦合掐 dccl 直接电荷耦合逻辑 dctl 直接耦合晶体管逻辑 dctl gate 直接耦合晶体管逻辑门 de emphasis 去加重 dead time 无感时间 debunching of a beam 束立聚 deburring 去毛刺
abrasion-Proof component of burner 燃烧器耐磨件arm-brace 撑脚 ash conditoner 调灰器 basket removal panel 元件盒检修护板 BDV blow down valve 疏水阀，排污阀 blind 堵板 blind flange 法兰堵板/盲板法兰（盖calling 催交 campell diagram 叶片埃贝尔曲线 dado 墙裙 daily service fuel tank level switch 日用油缸液位掣 damage 损毁 damper 挡板 damper linkage 风闸联动装置 damper motor 风闸马达 damping mat 阻尼垫 dangerous earth potential 危险性对地电势dashpot 减震器 data transmission 数据传输 DC/AC converter 直流电／交流电转换器dead 不带电 dead weight 自重 decanter 沉淀分取器 declaration of conformity 符合规范声明decommissioning 解除运作；停止运作decompression chamber 减压室 decorative lighting 装饰照明；灯饰 deep bore well pump 深钻井泵 defect liability period 故障修理责任期；保用期defectograph 钢缆探伤仪；故障检查仪defence in depth 纵深防御 definite sequence 固定次序 deflection 偏转；挠度 deflector sheave 折向轮；导向轮 defrost timer 防霜时间掣 defrost unit 溶雪组合dehumidifier 抽湿机 deleterious substance 有害物质 delivery and return air temperature 送风及回风温度 delivery connection 出油接头 delivery pressure 输出压力 demand side management 用电需求经管demand side management agreement 用电需求经管协议 demand side management programme 用电需求经管计划 dent 凹痕 dental instrument 牙科仪器 dental scaler 洗牙具 Departmental Administration Division [Electrical and Mechanical Services Department] 行政部〔机电工程署〕 Departmental Safety Unit [Electrical and Mechanical Services Department] 部门安全组〔机电工程署〕 deposition 沉积物 depth measuring facility 深度测量装置derating factor 额定值降低因子 derust 除锈 descale 清除氧化皮 design current 设计电流 design parameter 设计参数 designated employee 指定雇员 detachable grip 可拆除的夹扣 Details of Branch Offices of Registered Electrical Contractors 注册电业承办商分行详情申报 deterioration 变质；变坏 Deutsche Industrie Normen [DIN] 德国工业规范 device 器件；装置 dewatering 脱水；排水 diaphragm 膜片；隔板 dielectric strength test 电介质强度测试 diesel fuel tank 柴油燃料缸 diesel oil 柴油 differential gasket 差速器衬垫 differential lock 差速器锁 differential oil 差速器机油
电力术语英文词典三（电气部分）1030.发电机electric generator, generator 1031.发电机组generator set, generating unit 1032.发电机定子generator stator 1033.发电机定子引出线generator stator terminal lead 1034.发电机定子铁芯generator stator core, stator core of generator 1035.发电机定子绕组generator stator winding, stator winding of generator 1036.发电机转子generator stator 1037.双水内冷发电机dual internal water cooled generator 1038.水-氢-氢冷发电机water-hydrogen-hydrogen cooling generator 1039.空气冷却发电机air cooled generator 1040.转子护环rotor end –cap 1041.发电机过负荷generator overload 1042.发电机四角冷却器corner cooler of 1043.发电机风温air temperature of generator 1044.汽轮发电机无蒸汽运行mini-steam operation of turbo-generator 1045.发电机无励磁运行loss of excitation of generator 1046.柴油发电机diesel-engine generator 1047.直流发电机dynamo, direct current generator 1048.调相机phase modulator, phase modifier 1049.主励磁机main exciter 1050.副励磁机pilot exciter 1051.备用励磁机standby exciter 1052.励磁系统excitation system 1053.整流器rectifier 1054.整流子commutator，collector 1055.石墨电刷graphite brush 1056.刷握brush holder 1057.集电环slip ring, collector ring 1058.电刷接头brush joint 1059.灭磁开关field suppression switch 1060.汇流环collector ring, collector-shoe gear 1061.主变压器main transformer 1062.升压变压器step-up transformer 1063.降压变压器step-down transformer 1064.工作变压器operating transformer 1065.备用变压器standby transformer 1066.公用变压器common transformer 1067.三相变压器three-phase transformer 1068.单相变压器single-phase transformer 1069.带负荷调压变压器on-load regulating transformer 1070.联络变压器tie-in transformer 1071.启动变压器starting transformer
电子类常用英汉对照词典 A 篇： a. c .balance indicator,交流平衡指示器 a. c. bridge,交流电桥 a. c. current calibrator,交流电流校准器 a. c. current distortion,交流电流失真 a. c. induced polarization instrument,交流激电仪 a. c. potentiometer,交流电位差计 a. c. resistance box,交流电阻箱 a. c. standard resistor,交流规范电阻器 a. c. voltage distortion,交流电压校准器 a. c. voltage distortion,交流电压失真 Abbe comparator,阿贝比长仪 aberration,象差 ability of anti prereduced component,抗先还原物质能力 ablative thickness transducer [sensor],烧蚀厚度传 感器 abrasion testing machine,磨损实验机 absolute calibration,绝对法校准 absolute coil,独立线圈 absolute error,绝对误 差 (absolute)error of measurement,测量的（绝对）误差 absolute gravimeter,绝对重力仪 absolute gravity survey,绝对重力测 量 absolute humidity,绝对湿度 absolute method,绝对 法 absolute moisture of the soil,土壤（绝对）湿度 absolute pressure,绝对压力 absolute(pressure transducer,绝对压力表 absolute