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【初中英语】2017年中考英语考点总动员系列试卷(36份) 人教版12

【初中英语】2017年中考英语考点总动员系列试卷(36份) 人教版12
【初中英语】2017年中考英语考点总动员系列试卷(36份) 人教版12

考点七介词

聚焦考点☆温习理解

一、概述

介词又叫前置词,是一种虚词,在句子中不能单独使用。只能与名词、代词等构成介词短语,在句中作状语、后置定语、表语和补语等。介词的作用则是表明它后面的名词或代词(或相当于名词的其它词类、短语或从句)与其它句子成分的关系。

二、介词主要是用来表示它后面的名词或代词与句中其他某个成分之间的关系。不能独立充当句子成分,必须与后面的宾语构成介词短语后才能做句子成分。

一. 介词(短语)语法功能

1.作状语

介词(短语)在句子作状语修饰动词。表示时间、地点、条件、方式、目的”等。

例如:①She gets up at 6:30 in the morning every day. (表时间)

②There are some books on the desk . (表地点)

③P eople can’t live without air or water. (表条件)

2.作定语介词短语作定语表示某个关系,一般放在它所修饰的名词或代词之后。

例如 The girl in the red skirt is Lucy . (后置定语)

3.作表语

介词短语作表语时,多放在be 动词之后。

例如:① She is in the next room .

② He is from English .

二 . 常用介词的用法

1.表示地点位置的介词

1)at ,in, on, to,for

at (1)表示在小地方; (2)表示“在……附近,旁边”in (1)表示在大地方; (2)表示“在…范围之内”。on 表示毗邻,接壤,“在……上面”。

to 表示在……范围外,不强调是否接壤;或“到……”

2)above, over, on 在……上

above 指在……上方,不强调是否垂直,与below相对;

over指垂直的上方,与under相对,但over与物体有一定的空间,不直接接触。on表示某物体上面并与之接触。eg: The bird is flying above my head. There is a bridge over the river. He put his watc h on the desk.

3)below, under在……下面under表示在…正下方

below表示在……下,不一定在正下方There is a cat under the tab le.

Please write your name below the line.

4)in front of, in the front of在……前面in front of…意思是“在……前面”,指甲物在乙物之前,两者互不包括;其反义词是behind(在……的后面)。

There are some flowers in front of the house.(房子前面有些花卉。) in the front of 意思是“在…..的前部”,即甲物在乙物的内部.反义词是at the back of…(在……范围内的后部)。

There is a blackboard in the front of our classroom. 我们的教室前边有一块黑板。

Our teacher stands in the front of the classroom. 我们的老师站在教室前.(老师在教室里) 5)beside,behind beside 表示在……旁边behind 表示在……后面

2.表示时间的介词

1)in , on,at 在……时

in表示较长时间,如世纪、朝代、时代、年、季节、月及一般(非特指)的早、中、晚等。如in the 20th century, in the 1950s, in 1989, in summer, in January, in the morning, in one’s life , in one’s thirties等。

on表示具体某一天及其早、中、晚。

如on May 1st, on Monday, on New Year’s Day, on a cold night in January, on a fine morning, on Sunday afternoon等

at表示某一时刻或较短暂的时间,或泛指圣诞节,复活节等。

如at 3:20, at this time of year, at the beginning of, at the end of... at the age of... at Christmas,at night, at noon, at this moment等。

注意:在last, next, this, that, some, every 等词之前一律不用介词。如:We meet every day. 2)in, after 在……之后

“in +段时间”表示将来的一段时间以后;“after+段时间”表示过去的一段时间以后;“after+将来点时间”表示将来的某一时刻以后。

3)from, since 自从……

from仅说明什么时候开始,不说明某动作或情况持续多久;since表示某动作或情况持续至说话时刻,通常与完成时连用。

4)after, behind 在……之后after主要用于表示时间;behind主要用于表示位置。

4.表示“在……之间”的介词:between, among

between指在两个人或两个事物之间;

among指在三个或三个以上的人或事物之间。5.表示其他意义的介词

1)on ,about 关于on 表示这本书,这篇文章或演说是严肃的,或学术性的,可供专门研究这一问题的人阅读;

about表示内容较为普通,不那么正式。2)by, with, in 表示方法、手段、工具

by 以……方法、手段或泛指某种交通工具;

with 表示用……工具、手段,一般接具体的工具和手段;in 表示用…方式,用…语言(语调、笔墨、颜色)等;3)except, besides 除了

except 除……之外,不包括在内;besides 除……之外,包括在内。

Except Mr. Wang, we went to see the film.(王先生没去)

Besides Mr. Wang, we also went to see the film.(王先生也去了)

名师点睛☆典例分类

类型一、词义辨析

【例1】【2016山东滨州】The“teacher﹣free exam”means that students take their exams______teachers.Students must be more honest.

A.without B.against C.through D.with

【例2】【2016江苏南通】They went climbing the morning of May I and came back the afternoon.

A.on;on B.in;in C.on;in D.in;on

【点睛】词义辨析是介词考查的一个重点,英语中存在着大量的基础介词,如:in、on、at三个介词的区分。掌握这些介词的用法特点是需要介词的一个关键。学习中要注意多总结,牢记一些常用介词的词义及用法区别。

类型二、固定搭配

【例3】【2016贵州铜仁】—We must be strict ________ ourselves.

—I think so.

A. with

B. on

C. in

D. by

【点睛】英语介词的一个特点是一词多义,并且介词间语义交叉现象很多,习惯用法也很多,有时很难从

词义上区分开来。故学习中要注意不断总结,熟记一些介词和动词的固定搭配用法及习惯用法,是完成此类问题的捷径。

类型三、介词短语辨析

【例4】Mr Wu is standing _________ the classroom. There is a teacher’s desk_________ him.

A. in front of; in front of

B. in the front of; in the front of

C. in front of; in the front of

D. in the front of; in front of

【点睛】近义词现象也是英语介词的一个特点,解答此类题型不能仅仅从词义上区分介词,要注意介词在不同语境,和不同搭配对象搭配时,所表示的含义的不同。如in和on在表示在树上时,不同的对象,就要用不同的介词。

课时作业☆能力提升

1.【2016黑龙江哈尔滨】Don't stay inside _______such a sunny morning. Let's go out to enjoy the gentle wind and the sweet flowers.

A. on

B. in

C. from

2. 【山东青岛】Tim is g oing to give his father a surprise ______ Fat her’s Day.

A. in

B. at

C. on

D. by

3. 【2016山东德州】Nobody could solve this difficult problem alone______others’ help.

A. with

B. for

C. without

D. from

4. 【2016山东济宁】We should be kind to the old and take care them in da ily life.

A. of

B. for

C. with

D. about

5. 【2016重庆】Our reading club shares ideas with each oth er ________ one hour every Tuesday.

A. to

B. on

C. at

D. for

6.【2016湖北襄阳】---His mother. She’s been in hospital for a few days.

A. for

B. after

C. at

D. up

7. 【2016海南】The 31st Olympic Games will take place ________ August, 2016.

A.in

B. on

C. At

8. 【2016重庆】Jim lives_____ a small village and the air there is very fresh.

A. on

B. in

C. under

D. from

9. 【2016江苏泰州】- -As a nurse,her work goes_________ taking c are of her patients.

--Yes,she always thinks of others.

A. beyond

B. beside

C. behind

D. between

10. 【2016湖北孝感】Xiaogan is well known ________ the culture of “Xiao”.

A. in

B. for

C. at

D. on

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