考研英语阅读常见错误选项典型例题分析（六）
来源：文都教育
熟悉考研的同学都知道，阅读理解在真题试卷中占有很大的比重。关于阅读理解，各位考生除了要掌握解题方法和思路外，还需要在做题的时候做到知其然并知其所以然，明白各个选项对是为什么对，错的话，错的原因在哪里。比如常见错误选项的特征有：答非所问，自相矛盾，偷换概念，因果倒置等等。下面文都老师就典型例题进行相关分析，希望对广大考生能有所帮助。
【典型例题 1】
【原文】2 ①Girls’ attraction to pink may seem unavoidable, somehow encoded in their DNA, but according to Jo Paoletti, an associate professor of American Studies, it is not. ②Children were not colour-coded at all until the early 20th century: in the era before domestic washing machines all babies wore white as a practical matter, since the only way of getting clothes clean was to boil them. ③What’s more, both boys and girls wore what were thought of as gender-neutral dresses.
④When nursery colours were introduced, pink was actually considered the more masculine colour, a pastel version of red, which was associated with strength. ⑤Blue, with its intimations of the Virgin Mary, constancy and faithfulness, symbolized femininity. ⑥It was not until the mid-1980s, when amplifying age and sex differences became a dominant children’s marketing strategy, that pink fully came into its own, when it began to seem inherently attractive to girls, part of what defined them as female, at least for the first few critical years.
【题目】27.According to Paragraph 2, which of the following is true of colours？
【选项】
[A]Colours are encoded in girls' DNA.
[C]Pink used to be a neutral colour in symbolising genders.
【分析】本题题干在问，“根据第二段，下面哪一个关于颜色的选项是对的？”A选项
“颜色编码在女孩的DNA中”，文中第二段第一句后半部分it is not，指的是前面提到的事实并不是那样的，而前面的事实即粉色编码在DNA中。C选项“在象征性别方面，粉色过去常常是一种中性的颜色。”而第二段第二，三句话的信息点即为白色是一种中性的颜色而非粉色。A，C选项均为错误答案。
【典型例题 2】
【原文】2①An Arizona v. United States, the majority overturned three of the four contested provisions of Arizona's controversial plan to have state and local police enforce federal immigrations law. ②The Constitutional principles that Washington alone has the power to "establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization" and that federal laws precede state laws are noncontroversial. ③Arizona had attempted to fashion state policies that ran to the existing federal ones.
【题目】36. Three provisions of Arizona’s plan were overturned because they 【选项】[D] contradicted both the federal and state policies.
【分析】本题题干在问，“Arizona计划的三个条款被推翻是因为________”。根据关键词可以定位到第二段第三句话，Arizona试图去推行和现有的联邦法律相平行的政策。而D 选项说他们和联邦及州政策是相矛盾的，很显然在语义上不一致。
通过以上题目分析，我们发现做阅读理解，很重要的一点是精确定位，然后去分析线索信息句，通过找同义替换进而把错误选项排除出去。希望各位考生在做题中分析总结相关规律，做好2016考研考前的最后冲刺。
考研英语阅读真题及答案 英语阅读关于考研的在历年的真题中，有不少的精华等着大家去发掘。下面是给大家整理的考研英语阅读真题及答案，供大家参阅! 1991年考研英语阅读真题及答案解析Section II Reading Comprehension Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question four answers are given. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. (30 points) Text 1 A wise man once said that the only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing. So, as a police officer, I have some urgent things to say to good people. Day after day my men and I struggle to hold back a tidal wave of crime. Something has gone terribly wrong with our once-proud American way of life. It has happened in the area of values. A key ingredient is disappearing, and I think I know what it is: accountability. Accountability isn t hard to define. It means that every
考研英语：阅读理解精选练习 在考研英语的学习中，阅读理解占到60%的分值（包括阅读理解A、B、C三部分）。其重要性不言而喻。如何提高阅读理解得分能力，将是决战考研英语成败的关键一环。而想要有效提升阅读能力，唯有在实战演练中不断磨砺、体会并归纳总结做题的经验教训，才能有所成效。下面，就跟着都教授每天学一点，每天进步一点吧！ Consumers should celebrate that; the firms’losses are their gains. But there is a catch. Comparisonsites, whether for insurance or something else, introduce a new layer of costs,including their own splashy advertising campaigns. In theory, competition in the market for comparison sites ought to keep those costs down. But in a recentpaper, David Ronayne of Warwick University argues that consumers often lose outfrom comparison sites. They earn a commission for each shopper who uses them to buy insurance. That referral cost is incorporated into the price the consumer ends up paying. If the increased costs outweigh the saving the comparison enables, consumers end up worse off. 1. Why consumers often lose out from the comparison sites? (A) The referral cost will be increasedby splashy advertising campaigns. (B) Consumers may not earn the commissionwhen buying the insurance. (C) The new layer of costs may increasethe price of insurance. (D) The insurance company may spend moreon comparison sites. 题目解析： 1. Why consumers often lose out from the comparison sites? (A) The referral cost will be increased by splashy advertising campaigns. referral cost和splashy advertising campaigns之间是没有关系的（看译文你就知道了） (B) Consumers may not earn the commission when buying the insurance. 这个干扰项就是我从文中随便找了几个词拼凑在一起的。Commission你都不知道是什么就瞎选！ (C) The new layer of costs may increase the price of insurance. Comparison sites, whether for insurance or something else, introduce a new layer of costs. 这句话看的明白吧：新的成本是会加到保险价格上的，羊毛出在羊身上啊！ 正确答案C！！！） (D) The insurance company may spend more on comparison sites. 保险公司才没有花更多呢。 定位其实两个句子都是可以的： That referral cost is incorporated into the price the consumer ends up paying. Comparison sites, whether for insurance or something else, introduce a new layer of costs.
考研英语阅读理解试题解题方法及步骤 考研可以说是人生的一个转折驿站，一次改变命运的艰辛历练。作为考研路上的重要科目--英语，也成为不少考生脚下的牵绊石，而占分数比重的阅读理解，自然也是考试中的重头戏，能否巧妙的用对技巧，灵活应答，成为考生研路中的棘手问题，下面我们就层层推进，分析一下阅读的方法技巧和步骤攻略，揭开这层久未露面的神秘面纱。 一、阅读方法 阅读文章基本方法有3种，一是略读，二是精读，三是寻读。略读是一种快速阅读方法，在非常短的时间内浏览全文获得文章的中心思想和主要事实。精读则是仔细阅读每句话，理解分析其含义，弄清句与句之间的逻辑关系，进而理解整个段落的意思。而寻读则是通过目光扫视，迅速确定你所期望得到的信息的位置。考试中3种基本方法可以用在不同的情况。通过略读，我们可以了解材料的结构安排和主要信息，利用精读我们可以针对考题中的某些信息或难点做具体细致的解析，而寻读则在解题过程中起着一个定位的作用。 二、阅读步骤 第一步：略读短文把握方向 用尽量短的时间扫视短文，特别留意每段的第一句和末段的最后一句。因为各段的主题句往往在句首，而文章的最后一句很可能是概括总结。略读的目的是掌握短文的主旨大意，做到对全文的内容心中大致有数，有一个思考的方向。 第二步：浏览问题有的放矢 浏览5个问题，揣测出题者出此题的目的并侧重阅读短文相关部分。由于对所问问题及文章主旨都已了解，在阅读时自然会知道哪些地方得细读哪些地方可一带而过甚至跳过不读。所有问题都是根据文章内容提出的，基本反映并覆盖了文章的主要内容。先阅读问题再阅读全文，这种方法的优点是：可在较短的时间内有针对性地阅读相关内容，便于给相关问题定位，有的放矢，事半功倍。 第三步：分析判断确定答案 在完成上面两步的基础上，对5个问题逐一解答。需要注意的是：要是文章内容涉及自己熟悉的题材和知识范畴，在选项时绝对不能单凭自己的主观判断解决问题。因为文章考的是你对该篇的阅读理解能力，而不是你的某种知识，因此选项不能脱离文章的题意。 对于英语水平相对较低，阅读速度较慢的考生来说，我们建议不妨直接从第二步开始：先浏览所有5道题的题目，对文章所涉及的内容有个粗略的估计或了解，然后逐一解答。先寻读文章的相关部分，然后选择正确答案。如遇到有关文章主旨大意或需要推理的题，可先放一放，等做完其他题再做这类题。先难后易，各个击破。 另外，在阅读过程中，不妨在自己认为比较重要的某些句子或词语（主题句，关键词）下面划线，标上符号，这样有助于突出重点，活跃思维，同时也便于阅读，节省时间，使阅
考研英语阅读精选-为什么数学难学
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２017考研英语阅读精选为什么数学难学? 考研英语阅读真题中的文章，多摘自英美主流外刊，有时候你认识所有单词、搞清全部语法还不够，还需要了解英美文化，掌握他们的表达方式，这就是阅读的潜台词。有时候是一些俗语和俚语,有时候是固定搭配，有时候需要借助历史、风俗、文化才能理解某种现象或表达。总之,这些地道的英语文章背后都有潜台词，一般人不容易读出,但往往是理解文章的关键。 WhｙIs It So Ｈard ｔｏLｅａｒn Maｔh？ 为什么数学就这么难学？ 导读：学语言真的很难。老实讲,它比学数学要复杂得多,也困难得多。不过,几乎所有的小孩子都能够学习并且熟练掌握一门语言。 Ｌaｎguａge iｓhａrd. In fact, iｔ’s iｎfinｉtely hａrdeｒa ｎd moｒe coｍpliｃａteｄｔhaｎmath. And yｅt，ｎｅａrly ｅｖery smalｌcｈiｌd caｎｌeａrn anｄmａｓter langｕａgｅ. 学语言真的很难。老实讲，它比学数学要复杂得多，也困难得多。不过，几乎所有的小孩子都能够学习并且熟练掌握一门语言。 Why is ｍａｔh so oｖerｗhelmiｎｇfor ｓo mａny studｅｎｔs？Ａnd ｈｏw ｈiｇh ｉｓthe pｒｉce ｗｅpay frｏm haｖinｇｓｏmany ｍatｈ-ｔerrified or even mａth－illiteｒａｔｅpeoｐle in ouｒsociｅty？Tｏo high, esｐeciallｙas the ａｂｉlｉty ｔo
考研英语：阅读理解之八大考点 考生应能读懂选自各类书籍和报刊的不同类型的文字材料（生词量不超过所读材料总词汇量的3%），还应能读懂与本人学习或工作有关的文献资料、技术说明和产品介绍等。对所读材料，考生应能： 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 4篇（总长度约为1600词）文章的内容，从每题所给出的4个选项中选出最佳答案，共20小题，每小题2分，共40分 一、
1.提问方式： 1)直接提问(Main idea型) ?The text intends to express the idea that. . . ?We can draw a conclusion from the text that. . . ?What is the passage mainly about? ?The passage is mainly. ?From the passage we learn that. . . ?The passage is mainly about. . . ?he key point of the passage is that. . . ?This passage mainly deals with. . . ?The main point the author makes in the passage is. ?What does this passage mainly discuss? ?The general/ main/ central idea of the passage is. ?The passage is primarily concerned with. . . 2)给文章定标题 The best title for the text may be. . . Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?' A best title for the passage could be. A best title for the passage might be. This passage can be entitled. . . 3)提问写作目的( Purpose型) ?The article is written to explain. ?The purpose of the passage is. ?This passage is intended to… 2.解题技巧： 1) ①.重点读文章的首段开头部分，如果文章中有这样的主旨句， 那么再看四个选择项，如其中一项所含的信息同主旨句中的信息相似，该项即为正确答案 ②.重点读各段的开头和结尾，四个选项中能涵盖文章各段内容的一项， 就是正确答案
那些有纪念意义的考研英语真题之一 The Evolution of Credibility in Doing Science（科学发展可信性的改变） ---2012.Text 3 In The idealized version of how science is done, facts about the world are waiting to be observed and collected by objective researchers who use the scientific method to carry out their work. But in the everyday practice of science, discovery frequently follows an ambiguous and complicated route. We aim to be objective, but we cannot escape the context of our unique life experience. Prior knowledge and interests influence what we experience, what we think our experiences mean, and the subsequent actions we take. Opportunities for misinterpretation, error, and self-deception abound. Consequently, discovery claims should be thought of as protoscience. Similar to newly staked mining claims, they are full of potential. But it takes collective scrutiny and acceptance to transform a discovery claim into a mature discovery. This is the credibility process, through which the individual research’s me, here, now become the community’s anyone, anywhere, anytime. Objective knowledge is the goal, not the starting point. Once a discovery claim becomes public, the discovery receives intellectual credit. But, unlike with mining claims, the community takes control of what happens next. With the complex social structure of the
1990年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题阅读 Section II R eading Comprehension Each of the two passages below is followed by five questions. For each question there are four answers. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Put your choice in the brackets on the left. (10 points) Text 1 ①In May 1989, space shuttle “Atlantis” released in outer space the space probe “Megallan,” which is now on her 15-month and one-billion-kilometer flight to Venus. ②A new phase in space exploration has begun. ①The planet Venus is only slightly smaller than Earth; it is the only other object in the solar system, in fact, that even comes close to earth’s size. ②Venus has a similar density, so it is probably made of approximately the same stuff, and it has an atmosphere, complete with clouds. ③It is also the closest planet to earth, and thus the most similar in distance from the sun. ④In short, Venus seems to justify its long-held nickname of “earth’s twin.” ①The surface temperature of Venus reaches some 900F. ②Added to that is an atmospheric pressure about 90 times Earth’s: High overhead in the carbon dioxide (CO2) that passes for air is a layer of clouds, perhaps 10 to 20 miles thick, whose little drops consist mostly of sulfuric acid (H2SO4). ③Water is all but nonexistent. ①Born with so many fundamental similarities to earth, how did Venus get to be so radically different: It is not just an academic matter. ②For all its extremes, Venus is a valuable laboratory for researchers studying the weather and climate of earth. ③It has no earth’s oceans, so the heat transport and other mechanisms are greatly simplified. ④In addition, the planet Venus takes 243 earth-days to turn once on its axis, so incoming heat from the sun is added and distributed at a more leisurely, observable pace. 一、词汇 1．shuttle n. 返汽车(列车，飞机)；航天飞机，航天器 2．release v. 放出，释放 3.probe n. 探测 4.phase n. 阶段 5.density n. 密度 6.approximately ad. 大概，大约 7.stuff n. 材料，东西 8.passes for被当成9.sulfuric a. 硫的 10. acid n. 酸性物质，酸11. axis n. 轴(线) 12.leisurely ad. 慢慢地，悠然地 二、长难句 1. In May 1989, space shuttle “Atlantis” released in outer space the space probe “Megallan,” which is now on her 15-month and one-billion-kilometer flight to Venus. 该句主干为space shuttle “Atlantis” released … the space probe “Megallan”，which引导的定语从句做后置定语，修饰先行词the space probe “Megallan”。 翻译：1989年5月，“亚特兰蒂斯”号航天飞机将“麦哲伦”号金星探测器释放到外太空，
2017考研英语阅读每日精选：年轻人最 爱嫉妒 在考研英语中，阅读分数可谓是占到了总分的半壁江山，正所谓“得阅读者得考研”。对于备考2017考研的同学们，在平时的复习中一定要拓展阅读思路，各类话题都要关注，这样才能在整体上提升考研英语阅读水平!凯程网考研频道考研分享《2017考研英语阅读精选》，一起来学习吧! 年轻人最爱嫉妒彼此 Older women have often been portrayed as green-eyed monsters, envying the young and hankering after their own lost looks. 年纪大的女人通常都被描述成爱嫉妒的人，她们嫉妒年轻女子，渴望拥有自己曾经的姣好容貌。 But it is actually the young who are the most jealous of each other, envious of their friends' appearances, relationships, and social success, a new study has revealed. It also appears that both men and women are more likely to envy someone who is approximately their own age and of the same gender. The research was carried out by psychology professor Christine Harris and graduate student Nicole Henniger from the University of California, San Diego and is published in the journal Basic and Applied Social Psychology. The paper covers two studies: one that surveyed more than 900 people aged 18 to 80 on their own experiences of being envious, and another that asked 800 more in the same age range to remember when they had been the targets of envy. Envy was a common experience. More than three quarters of the participants reported experiencing envy in the last year, with slightly more women (79.4 percent) than men (74.1 percent). But they found that the experience declined with age. Around 80 percent of people younger than 30 reported feeling envious in the last year. However, for those aged 50 and over, that figure went down to 69 percent. Overwhelmingly, people envied others of their own gender. 'It surprised us how consistently men envied other men and women, women,' continued Professor Harris. 'Even in domains like financial and occupational success, where you can imagine that a woman might envy a man his better pay or status, that wasn't usually the case.' 【单词详解】 1 portrayed v.画像( portray的过去式和过去分词);描述;描绘;描画 参考例句： Throughout the trial, he portrayed himself as the victim. 在审讯过程中，他始终把自己说成是受害者。 The author portrayed his father as a vicious drunkard. 作者把他父亲描绘成一个可恶的酒鬼。来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
2017考研英语阅读每日精选：足球竞技 精彩交易龌蹉 Football 足球 Beautiful game, dirty business 竞技精彩，交易龌蹉 Football is a great sport, but it could be so much better if it were run honestly 作为一项伟大运动的足球，公平竞争能让它变得更好。 THE mesmerising wizardry of Lionel Messi and the muscular grace of Cristiano Ronaldo are joys to behold. But for deep-dyed internationalists like this newspaper, the game's true beauty lies in its long reach, from east to west and north to south. Football, more than any other sport, has thrived on globalisation. Nearly half ofhumanity will watch at least part of the World Cup, which kicks off in Brazil on June 12th. 有着梦幻般迷人动作的莱昂内尔?梅西和有着健美身材的克里斯提那?罗纳尔多总是让人为之疯狂着迷。但是在像我们报纸这样真正的国际主义者看来，足球运动之美在于这项运动的覆盖范围之广，从东到西，从南到北，都有它的踪影。足球比其他任何运动都更具全球性。今年6月12日，全世界几乎有一半的人至少会收看部分巴西世界杯的比赛。 So it is sad that the tournament begins under a cloud as big as the Maracan? obtained by Britain's Sunday Times have allegedly revealed secret payments thathelped Qatar win the hosting rights to the World Cup in that competition was fixed, it has company. A report by FIFA, football's governing body, is said to have found that several exhibition matches were rigged ahead of the World Cup in 2010. And as usual, no one hasbeen punished. 所以让人难过的是这场比赛一开始就疑团重重，犹如乌云必然。英国《周日时报》获得的文件表明卡塔尔为获得2022年世界杯主办权向组委会塞了红包。如果竞选确实是被操纵了的话，那么事情肯定还不止这么简单。国际足球联盟的报道表明他们发现2010年世界杯前的几场表演赛是被操控的。但是和往常一样的是，没有人因此受罚。 This only prompts other questions. Why on earth did anyone think holding the World Cup inthe middle of the Arabian summer was a good idea? Why is football so far behind other sports like rugby, cricket and tennis in using technology to double check refereeing decisions? And whyis the world's greatest game led by such a group of mediocrities, notably Sepp Blatter, FIFA's boss since 1998? In any other organisation, the endless financial scandals would have led to his ouster years ago. But more than that, he seems hopelessly out of date; from sexist remarks about women to interrupting a minute's silence for Nelson Mandela after only 11 seconds, the78-year-old is the sort of dinosaur that left corporate boardrooms in the 1970s. Nor is itexactly heartening that the attempts to stop Mr Blatter enjoying a fifth term are being led by Michel Platini, Europe's leading soccercrat, who was once a wonderful midfielder but played a woeful role in supporting the Qatar bid. 这也意味着还有其他的问题。谁会认为在阿拉伯地区的夏季举办世界杯是个好主意?为
2008 Text 1 在现代生活中女性就算是在某些领域可以追赶上男性，但至少在一个方面是领先的，尽管是她们不太想要的。纽约的退伍军管理医院精神科首席医生Yehuda博士说道，和男性相比，女性面对压力时，更容易受到影响，导致抑郁和紧张。 对于动物和人类的研究都显示出性激素会在某种程度去影响面对压力的反应，导致在同样的条件下，女性产生更多的致病化学物质。在几项研究中，当受到压力的雌鼠的卵巢（雌性的生殖器官）被拿掉后，它们的化学反应变得和那些雄性的一样了。 对于女性来说，除了产生更多的导致压力的化学物质外，她们产生压力的“机会”也更多。“并不是女性要处理的事情太少，而是她们有更多的事情要处理。”Yehuda博士说道。“她们对于压力的承受能力有时候甚至比男性的还大”，她观察到，“她们只是需要处理的事情太多，看起来会更容易精疲力尽。” Yehuda博士注意到了另一个男女之间的不同点。“我认为，女性通常要做的事是慢性的，重复的。而男人去战场，承受的是格斗的压力。男性面临的更多的是随意的身体上的暴力。女性面对的人与人之间的暴力是在家庭环境中的。不幸的是，她们与父母还有其他的家庭成员之间不是能够一次性解决的问题。这种长期的关系的磨合是更有破坏性的。 Adeline Alvarez 18岁结婚并生了个儿子，但她决定完成大学学业。“我尽了很大的努力拿到大学学位，因为我在实际生活中有很多的挫折，而这就是我的逃避，去学校，争取上游，做到更好。”不久后，她离了婚变成一个单亲母亲。“除了照顾一个十几岁的孩子，还要工作，付房租，养车，还债是最难的事情了。我的生活就是不停的支付自己的账单。” 不是每个人经历着和Alvarez describes一样的长期的压力，但是大多数女性都在处理着太多的责任，很少得到喘息，从而感到了压力。Alvarez的经历证明了当压力威胁你的健康和正常生理功能之前解压是非常重要的。 2008 Text 2 原本一切都很简单。一组研究员在实验室里共同完成一个试验，把结果提交给某刊物，刊物的编辑把作者姓名及相关信息隐去，把报告交给这些研究者的同行去审阅。根据评论意见，编辑将决定是否发表。因此，版权留在刊物出版社手上，辛苦探求知识的研究者反倒要花钱订阅刊物。 现在不再是这样了。提供资金的机构施加压力，质疑为什么商业刊物可以通过限制刊载的手段从政府投资的研究项目中牟利，互联网使得阅读科研结果成为现实。经济合作及发展组织近日发布一项调查，描述了这一现象所造成的深远影响。澳大利亚维多利亚大学的John Houghton和经合组织的Graham Vickery联合完成这一报告，内容使目前为止收入丰厚的出版商们感到汗颜。但是这项报告的意义远远不止于此，它标志着科学尝试的一项关键性因素即将发生改变。 在某种程度上来说，知识的价值和公共投资能否取得较高回报，取决于是否能够得到广泛的流通、人们是否能够比较容易地获取这些研究成果。这是一项很大的产业。在美国，核心科研出版市场产值每年在70亿美元到110亿美元左右。国际科学、技术和医学出版社集团宣称全世界专业出版本类期刊的出版商有2000多家。他们每年在16000种刊物上发表120万篇以上文章。 这个数字现在有所变化。根据OECD报告，目前有75%的专业期刊在互联网上有在线阅读。全新的商务模式正在形成，报告作者总结出其中三种。第一种是所谓的大订单模式，即机构团体订阅者通过签订网站协议付钱购买阅读一批刊物文章题目的权限。第二种为开放
2014考研英语阅读理解原文之英语一text4 Illiberal Education and the 'Heart of the Matter' A new report on the humanities and social sciences misses a big reason they're in trouble. By PETER BERKOWITZ June 30, 2013 6:27 p.m. ET 'The Heart of the Matter," the just-released report by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, deserves praise for affirming the importance of the humanities and social sciences to the prosperity and security of liberal democracy in America. Regrettably, however, the report's failure to address the true nature of the crisis facing liberal education may cause more harm than good. In 2010, leading congressional Democrats and Republicans sent letters to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences asking that it identify actions that could be taken by "federal, state and local governments, universities, foundations, educators, individual benefactors and others" to "maintain national excellence in humanities and social scientific scholarship and education." In response, the American Academy formed the Commission on the Humanities and Social Sciences, with Duke University President Richard Brodhead and retired Exelon CEO John Rowe as co-chairmen. Among the commission's 51 members are top-tier-university presidents, scholars, lawyers, judges, and business executives, as well as prominent figures from diplomacy, filmmaking, music and journalism. The goals identified in the report are generally admirable. Because representative government presupposes an informed citizenry, the report supports full literacy; stresses the study of history and government, particularly American history and American government; and encourages the use of new digital technologies. To encourage innovation and competition, the report calls for increased investment in research, the crafting of coherent curricula that improve students' ability to solve problems and communicate effectively in the 21st
考研除了考察知识素养外，更多的还要考察题型的系统化总结、熟知命题思路等。对于考研 英语阅读来说，除了正向的掌握词汇、学习语法等，还应该掌握一些辅助技能，在关键时刻 可以助你一臂之力。因此我们就需要清楚在阅读的题目设置上，有哪些选项的特征会偏向于 正确选项，又有哪些特征偏向于是错误选项。当然这只是一个参考，为正确率多一层保证， 踏踏实实地学仍然是主要，这是应急之道! ?正确选项的特点分析 1、正确选项是原文内容的同义替换 那么相对的就是说：如果选项中的句子是文中的原文，就有可能是陷阱，不是正确选项，因 为很可能会是句子虽对但是与题目不符合。 而在同义替换的过程中需要注意的是有可能只是某个单词或者短语的简单替换，也有可能是 句式的替换和语态的转换，还有可能是对文中内容的概括归纳和总结。总之意思不变是原则。 2、正确选项一般符合常理和道德 需要注意的是：这是要分情况去讨论的。因为如果题目是针对文中的某个人物的观点，那么 这个人物有可能会有一定的谬论的出现，那么如果在这种内容上设置题目很明显就只能根据 原文的意思来，也就是说正确选项极有可能是不符合常规的。 但是，就绝大多数观点类的题目而言，无论是结论也好还是作者观点态度也好，正确选项基 本符合常理和伦理道德，以保证不误导大家正确的价值观。 3、补充小点 (1)出现的位置：段首段尾处、转折关系处、让步关系处、因果关系处、条件关系处; (2)正确答案通常与文章中心思想，主旨大意，作者对文中论述事物所持的观点态度有关。注意：这是解题基调，如果作者在文中对整个事物是持积极正面的评价，那么选项中出现消极 反面的，与事实相反的肯定不是解。 (3)正确答案从语义上去理解经常含有不肯定的语气词和委婉表达的词：can，may，might，possible，notnecessarily，some尤其是推理题的答案常这样设置，以显示推理题所论述含义的 相对性。 (4)正确答案具有概括性(考察考生的理解归纳能力)，深刻性，因为其考查的对象是阅读文章 的重点和要点。 (5)难的最可能是答案，这与命题动机有些相似，难的比容易的更能考察考生对语言的理解能力，具体体现在下面几个方面： a.否定的比肯定的难，否定的是答案(包括否定，双重和多重否定)。 b.抽象的比具体的难，抽象深刻的是答案，具体肤浅的不是。 c.动态变化的比静态的难，动态变化的是答案。 d.未知难于已知，未知的是答案。 (6)常规的不是答案，观点新且合理的是答案。 (7)含义与文章内容方向一致的，描述客观的是答案。 (8)选项含义丰富有弹性的是答案，绝对的无端的不是答案如：有条件的是答案，相对的是答案。 注意：四个选项中有两项意思相反时，其中必有一个是答案。 ?错误选项的特点分析 1、偷换概念