中亚Asia 分开separates 人口population 有there are 汉族人minorities 民族的ethnic 组groups 傣族Dai people 庆祝celebrate 游客travelers 文化culture 许多种many kinds of 本地local 最有名的most famous 深的deep 大洋ocean 村庄villages 刚好just 害怕…afraid of 跑到ran to 打赌bet 有一年one year 智慧的wise 对某人说said to 把…吓走scare 叫，让told 在半夜at midnight 憎恨hated 明亮的灯bright light 点燃lit 吵闹noise 国旗Flags 超过more than 被叫作is called 创造created 国家national 枫叶Maple leaf 象征symbol 条纹stripes 完成finishing 留下left 西班牙的Spanish 去过had been to 看着looked at
从…出来came out 为for 角落corner 世界地图map of the world 便条note 外国的foreign 圣诞前夕Christmas Eve 被…覆盖are covered 绒毛fur 血液blood 羽毛feathers 产下lay 鳞片scales 失明lost her sight 大学college 盲人blind 修理mend 自己own 从…出来get out of 过上正常生活live a normal life 决定decided 引导guide dog 任何地方anywhere 这种类型this type of 镇town 减速slow down 加速speed up 抓住hold on 项圈collar 安全的safely 穿过through 自由的free 无论哪里wherever 保持安全keep safe 走回家walked home 带took 灰色gray 小猫kitten 虚弱weak 醒来woke 在…期间during 一年后after a year 成长grew into 宝贵precious
英语词汇学 第一部分选择题 I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers .Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket（30％） 1. Degradation can be illustrated by the following example[ ] A. lewd → ignorant B. silly → foolish C. last → pleasure D. knave → boy 2. Homophones are often employed to create puns for desired effects of: [ ] A. humour B. sarcasm C. ridicule D. all the above 3. The four major modes of semantic change are _____. [ ] A. extension, narrowing, elevation and degradation B. extension, generalization, elevation and degradation C. extension, narrowing, specialization and degradation D. extension, elevation, amelioration and degradation 4. The use of one name for that of another associated with it is rhetorically called _____. [ ] A. synecdoche B. metonymy C. substitution D. metaphor 5. Idioms adjectival in nature function as _____. [ ] A. adjectives B. attributes C. modifiers D. words 6. Grammatical context refers to _____ in which a word is used. [ ] A. vocabulary B. grammar C. semantic pattern D. syntactic structure 7. In the idiom 'in good feather', we change 'good' into 'high, full' without changing meaning. This change of constituent is known as _____ . [ ] A. addition B. replacement C. position-shifting D. variation 8. The word "laconic" is _____. [ ] A. onomatopoeically motivated B. morphologically motivated C. semantically motivated D. etymologically motivated 9. CCELD is distinctive for its _____. [ ] A. clear grammar codes B. language notes
《英语词汇学教程》参考答案 Chapter 1 1. The three definitions agree that lexicology studies words. Yet, they have different focuses. Definition 1 focuses on the meaning and uses of words, while definition 2 on the overall structure and history. Definition 3 regards lexicology as a branch of linguistics and focuses on the semantic structure of the lexicon. It is interesting to note that the three definitions use different names for the object of study. For Definition 1, it is words, for Definition 2 the vocabulary of a language, and for Definition 3 the lexicon. 2. (1) They can go into the room, and if they like, shut the door. (2) You boys are required to give in your homework before 10 o’clock. (3) I watch the football match happily and find it very interesting. 3. (1) W hen it follows ‘-t’ and ‘-d’, it is pronounced as [id]; (2) When it follows voiceless consonants, it is pronounced as [t]; (3) When it follows voiced consonants and vowels, it is pronounced as [d]. 4. (1) They are words that can be included in a semantic field of “tree”. (2) They represent the forms of the verb “fly” and have a common meaning. (3) They belong to a lexical field of “telephone communication”. (4) They are synonyms, related to human visual perception. Specifically, they denote various kinds of “looking”. 5. (a) 'blackboard: a board with a dark smooth surface, used in schools for writing with chalk (the primary stress in on black); 'blackbird: a particular kind of bird, which may not necessarily be black in color (the primary stress in on black); 'greyhound: a slender, swift dog with keen sight (the primary stress in on black); 'White House: the residence of the US President in Washington (the primary stress in on black). (b) 'black 'board: any board which is black in color (both words receive primary stress); 'black 'bird: any bird which is black in color (both words receive primary stress); 'grey 'hound: any hound that is grey in color (both words receive primary stress); 'white 'house: any house that is painted white (both words receive primary stress). 6. There are 44 orthographic words, i.e. sequences of letters bounded by space. There are 24 open class words and 20 closed class words. 7. (a) The ‘bull’ is literal, referring to a male bovine animal. (b) ‘Take the bull by the horn’is an idiom, meaning (having the courage to) deal with someone or something directly. (c) ‘Like a bull in a china shop’is an idiom, meaning doing something with too much enthusiasm or too quickly or carelessly in a way that may damage things or upset someone.
Unit 1 Can you play the guitar 1、 sing(现在分词)sing ing 2、 danc e(现在分词)danc ing 3、 swim(现在分词)swim ming 4、draw(同义词)paint 5、 stor y(复数)stor ies 6、 Write(同音词)right 7、 drum(复数)drum s 8、 piano(复数)piano s 9、 also(同义词)too/either 10、 mak e(单三)make s (现在分词)mak ing 11、 Cen ter(形容词)cen tra l 12、 teach(名词)teach er 13、 mus ician(形容词)musi cal Unit 2 What time do you usually go to school ? 一、词汇拓展 1、 up(反义词)down
2、 brush(单三)brushes 3、 tooth(复数)teeth 4、 always(反义词)never 5、early(反义词)late 6、 work(同义词)job 7、 night(反义词)day 8、 half(复数)halves 9、 run(现在分词)running 10、 clean(现在分词)cleaning 11、 either…or… (反义词)neither …nor… 12、 life(复数)lives 13、 taste(单三)tastes Unit 3 How do you get to school? 一、词汇拓展 1、 Subway(同义词)underway 2、 ride(现在分词)riding 3、 bike(完全式)bicycle 4、 far from(反义词)near to 5、 km(完全式)kilometer 6、 drive(现在分词)driving 7、 cross (介词)across (名词)crossing
Unit 1 America（美国）American（美国人） Australia（澳大利亚）Australian（澳大利亚人） Brazil（巴西）Brazilian（巴西人） Canada（加拿大）Canadian （加拿大人） China（中国）Chinese（汉语）Chinese（中国人） Egypt（埃及）Egyptian（埃及人） England（英国）English（英语）Englishman（英国人） France（法国）French（法语）Frenchman（法国人） Germany（德国）German（德语）German（德国人） Greece（希腊）Greek（希腊语）Greek（希腊人） India（印度）Indian（印度人）I Italy（意大利）Italian （意大利语）Italian （意大利人） Japan（日本）Japanese（日语）Japanese（日本人） New Zealand（新西兰）New Zealander（新西兰）English Russia（俄国）Russian（俄语）Russian（俄国人） Spain（西班牙）Spanish（西班牙语）Spaniard（西班牙人） Australia(澳大利亚)Australian(澳大利亚人) Unit3 Wharf 码头Mouse 鼠标Charge 充电器Charge up 充电Fan 风扇 Hard disk 硬盘Battery 电池Lithium cell 锂电池Keyboard 键盘 Changing room 更衣室cash register 收银机credit card信用卡 Unit4 exhibition 展览minister 牧师baptism洗礼belief 信仰Pray祈祷guilty 有罪的confess忏悔cinema 电影院hotel酒店cheater大剧院hair salon 发廊beauty parlor美容院barber理发师beard胡须shave 刮胡子Unit5 worried担心的happy开心的sad伤心的angry愤怒的excited激动的 scary惊恐的dull无聊的interesting有趣的boring枯燥的horrible恐怖的moving令人感动的brave勇敢的false虚伪的loyal忠诚的Craven怯懦的,胆小的modest谦虚的helpful乐于助人的depressed沮丧的，精神不济的disappointed失望的embarrassed尴尬的 Unit6 Do housework 做家务活Cook 烧饭doorbell门铃doorstep台阶drain下水道drain-pipe排水管letter-box信箱window-ledge窗台window-pane窗玻璃roof屋顶porch门廊fence栏杆path小路garden-gate花园门garage车库border花坛sprinkler洒水器lawn草坪 skylight天窗clothes-line晾绳brick砖knob门扭
《英语词汇学教程》（2004年版）练习答案 【Chapter 1】 7．tart: loose woman bloke: fellow gat: pistol swell: great chicken: coward blue: fight smoky: police full: drunk dame: woman beaver: girl 8. haply = perhaps albeit = although methinks = it seems to me eke = also sooth = truth morn = morning troth = pledge ere = before quoth = said hallowed = holy billow = wave/ the sea bade = bid 【Chapter 2】 Ex.1 The Indo-European Language Family is one of the most important language families in the world. It is made up of most of the languages of Europe, the Near East and India. English belongs to this family and the other members of the Indo-European have more or less influence on English vocabulary. A knowledge of the Indo-European Language Family will help us understand English words better and use them more appropriately. 2. Indo-European Language Family Balto-Slavic Indo-Iranian Celtic Italian Hellenic Germanic
《英语词汇学教程》（2004 年版）练习答案 Chapter 1 7. Choose the standard meaning from the list on the right to match each of the slang words on the left. a. tart: loose woman b. bloke: fellow c. gat: pistol d. swell: great e. chicken: coward f. blue: fight g. smoky: police h. full: drunk i. dame: woman j. beaver: girl 8. Give the modern equivalents for the following archaic words. haply = perhaps albeit = although methinks = it seems to me eke = also sooth = truth morn = morning troth = pledge ere = before quoth = said hallowed = holy billow = wave / the sea bade = bid 12. Categorize the following borrowed words into denizens, aliens, translation loans, and semantic loans. Denizens: kettle, die, wall, skirt, husband Aliens: confrere, pro patria, Wunderkind, mikado, parvenu Translation loans: chopstick, typhoon, black humour, long time no see Semantic loans: dream Chapter 2 1. Why should students of English lexicology study the Indo-European Language Family? The Indo-European Language Family is one of the most important language families in the world. It is made up of most of the languages of Europe, the Near East and India. English belongs to this family and the other members of the Indo-European have more or less influence on English vocabulary. Knowledge of the Indo-European Language Family will help us understand English words better and use them more appropriately. 2. Make a tree diagram to show the family relations of the modern languages given below.
节日篇 1.春节the Spring Festival / Chinese lunar Near Year 农历正月初一the first day of the first lunar month 农历lunar calendar 年终大扫除year-end household cleaning 春联Spring Festival couplets 年画New Year pictures 剪纸paper-cuts 团圆饭family reunion dinner 饺子jiaozi ' 春晚Spring Festival Gala 守岁stay up late on the New Year’s Eve 除夕Eve of Chinese New Year 辞旧迎新ring out the old year and ring in the new 拜年pay a New Year visit 红包red packets 压岁钱lucky money 放爆竹let off firecrackers 庙会temple fair 禁忌taboo ' 2.元宵节Lantern Festival 农历正月十五15th day of the first lunar month 元宵rice dumplings 花灯festival lantern 灯谜lantern riddle 灯会exhibit of lanterns 烟花fireworks 3.端午节Dragon Boat Festival 农历五月初五5th of the fifth lunar month 粽子zongzi ￥ 糯米sticky rice 粽叶bamboo leaves 舞龙dragon dance 舞狮lion dance 踩高跷stilt walking 赛龙舟dragon-boat racing 纪念in memory of 屈原Quyuan 诗人poet 忠臣loyal minister { 4.清明节Tomb-sweeping Day 寒食节Cold Food Festival 祭拜祖先offer sacrifices to one’s ancestors 扫墓sweep graves of one’s ancestors or loved ones 踏青go for a spring outing 5.中秋节Mid-Autumn Day / Moon Festival 农历八月十五15th of the eighth lunar month 月饼moon cake 赏月appreciate the glorious full moon 中国神话故事Chinese mythology （ 嫦娥Chang’e 后羿Hou Yi 长生不老be immortal 6.重阳节Double Ninth Day 赏菊admire the beauty of chrysanthemum 登高climb a height 7.七夕节Double Seventh Day/Chinese Valentine's Day 银河the Milky Way 鹊桥bridge of magpies 牛郎Cowherd ， 织女the Weaving Maid 王母娘娘the Queen of Heaven 乞巧praying-for-cleverness 女红needlework 社会篇 改革开放reform and opening up 小康社会 a well-to-do society 奔小康strive for a relatively comfortable life ; 人民生活people’s livelihood 生活水平living standards 生活质量quality of life
1>Animals （36个） 1．bear 熊 2．bird 鸟3．butterfly 蝴蝶4．cow 母牛 5．crocodile 鳄鱼 6．duck 鸭子7．elephant 大象 8．fox 狐狸 9．fish 鱼 10．frog 青蛙 11．Peacock 孔雀 12．hippo 河马13．horse 马 14．lion 狮子 15．mouse (mice) 16．rabbit 兔子 17．dragon 龙 18．zebra 斑马19．sheep 绵羊 20．snail 蜗牛 21．snake 蛇22．spider 蜘蛛 23．squirrel 松鼠 24．tiger 老虎25．wolf 狼 26．giraffe 长颈鹿 27．Dinosaur 恐龙28．ant 蚂蚁 29．bee 蜜蜂 30．Cock 公鸡31．chick 小鸡 32．ladybird瓢虫 33．bat 蝙蝠34．goat 山羊 35．parrot 鹦鹉 36．dolphin 海豚 2> Nature 自然 (18个) sun 太阳 moon 月亮 earth 地球 star 星星 sky 天空 cloud 云 wind 风 rain 雨 snow 雪 mountain 山 river 河 lake 湖 sea 大海 flower 花 tree 树 beach 沙滩 grass 草 shell 贝壳 3>fruit 水果（15个） apple 苹果 pear 梨 banana 香蕉 watermelon 西瓜 grapes 葡萄 lemon 柠檬 mango 芒果 peach 桃子 orange 桔子 coconut 椰子 kiwi fruit猕猴桃 pineapple 菠萝 litchi 荔枝 strawberry 草莓 cherry 樱桃 4 >food食物+drinks饮料(三餐) （33个） rice米饭 noodles 面条 dumpling饺子 cake蛋糕 bread面包 egg 蛋 hamburger 汉堡包 chips 薯条 hot dog 热狗 pizza 比萨饼 biscuit 小饼干 ice-cream 冰淇淋 meat肉 chicken鸡肉 beef 牛肉 fish 鱼肉 sausage 香肠 porridge 稀饭、粥 soup 汤 candy糖果 sweet 糖果 pie 馅饼、派 popcorn 爆米花 water 水 tea 荼 milk 牛奶 coffee 咖啡 juice 果汁 beer 啤酒 breakfast早餐 lunch 午餐 dinner/supper 晚餐 <5>family 家庭（10个） Grandpa/grandfather祖父/外祖父 grandma/grandmother 祖母/ 外祖母
[0057]《英语词汇学》 第一次作业 [论述题] Exercise 1 Definitions Define the following terms with illustrative examples. 1. aliens 2. denizens 3. homophones 4. metonymy 5. dialect 6. backformation 7. acronym 8. semantic loan 9. bilingual dictionary 10. polysemy 参考答案： Exercise 1 Definitions 1. aliens Aliens are words borrowed from a foreign language without any change of the foreign sound and spelling. These words are immediately recognizable as foreign in origin. For examples, "coup d'état”, "résumé”, "régime”, etc. are all Aliens of French borrowings. 2. denizens Denizens are easily associated with already existing native words. They are successfully assimilated. They are foreign words which have been conformed to native English in accent, form (spelling) and even in adoption of an English affix. E.g. uncertain (the English prefix un- + certain, French by origin). 3. homophones Homophones are words identical in sound but different in spelling and meaning, e.g. sun, son; piece and peace; etc. 4. metonymy Metonymy is one way of meaning transference whereby the name of one thing is changed for that of another, to which it is related by association of ideas. For example, when I say "I am reading Shakespeare (meaning Shakespeare's works), I am using metonymy. 5. dialect Dialect refers to a variety of a language peculiar to some districts and having no normalized literary form. For example, Shanghai dialect is spoken peculiarly in Shanghai but there's no literary work peculiarly written in Shanghai dialect. 6. back formation
《英语词汇学教程》参考答案 (注：参考答案仅供参考。有些题目的答案并非是唯一的) Chapter 1 1. The three definitions agree that lexicology studies words. Yet, they have different focuses. Definition 1 focuses on the meaning and uses of words, while definition 2 on the overall structure and history. Definition 3 regards lexicology as a branch of linguistics and focuses on the semantic structure of the lexicon. It is interesting to note that the three definitions use different names for the object of study. For Definition 1, it is words, for Definition 2 the vocabulary of a language, and for Definition 3 the lexicon. 2. (1) They can go into the room, and if they like, shut the door. (2) You boys are required to give in your homework before 10 o’clock. (3) I watch the football match happily and find it very interesting. 3. (1) when it follows ‘-t’ and ‘-d’, it is pronounced as [id]; (2) when it follows voiceless consonants, it is pronounced as [t]; (3) when it follows voiced consonants and vowels, it is pronounced as [d]. 4. (1)They are words that can be included in a semantic field of “tree”.
扩展英语单词的几种方法 怎样才能把这么多单词背下来呢？最重要的一点就是：如果想比别人成功，就一定要下苦功但有找点捷径。不要期盼自己比别人幸运，也不要指望自己比别人更聪明或者更勤奋。 背单词捷径的第一条：一定要每次都大量地背。 因为自己不比别人聪明，所以背完单词，别人也许忘掉五分之一，自己决不会比别人忘得少。然而，别人每天背十个单词，自己却坚持背一百个，忘掉五分之一，还剩八十个，是别人最聪明状态下的十倍（每天一百个是最低限。其实坚持背到后来您会发现这个要求并不高，一个月后，您可能自然而然地就背到三百或者五百。） 这一百个最好分成四组来背，上午三十，中午十个，下午三十，晚上三十。第二天早晨复习以前没背下来的词。背的时候，要一目十词（注意，是十个而不是更多或更少），不要认认真真背，因为没有认认真真的时间。一边看一边读每个词的读音，默读也成。看完后回忆一遍，回忆不起来的再看。这次背的目的在于留下个大概印象，下次看见能知道这个词，所以背到大部分都能回忆得起来就成了，把没背熟的词单独抄出来。 背单词捷径的第二条：背字典！为什么要背字典呢？因为字典上每个词的解释比较全面，而且相同字母开头的单词都集中在一起。不是什么字典都可以拿来背的，一定要找只包含自己想背的词的字典，而且最好有解释和例句、有音标！ 背字典的时候，按开头字母（Z，Y，X，Q，J，K，U）（V，W，N，O，L）（FG，IT，HM，BDE，R）（C，P，S，A）的顺序背，其中C，P，S，A每个都要分三部分背。这样背有几个好处： （一）能增加成就感，提高兴趣。至于为什么，您翻翻字典就明白了。 （二）便于清楚地知道那些单词已经背过，那些还没背。 （三）能先把最基本的词先掌握。 三万单词里，分为三个等级：三千到四千，八千到一万，两万二到三万。也就是说，您得分别准备三本字典（不同字典的收词量不同）。这几个等级之间各自有非常不同的特性，所以需要分别用不同方法背。 背单词捷径的第三条：和单词多见面。一个单词能不能记住，取决于和它在不同场合见面的频率，不在于每次看着它的时间长短。一般想记住一个单词，每星期要和它在“不同场合”见三到四次面。上文中提到大量背单词的时候，不要抠某一个单词是否已经完全记住了，
小学英语拓展单词 文稿归稿存档编号：[KKUY-KKIO69-OTM243-OLUI129-G00I-FDQS58-
1>Animals （36个） 1．bear 熊 2．bird 鸟3．butterfly 蝴蝶 4．cow 母牛 5．crocodile 鳄鱼 6．duck 鸭子 7．elephant 大象 8．fox 狐狸 9．fish 鱼 10．frog 青蛙 11．Peacock 孔雀 12．hippo 河马13．horse 马 14．lion 狮子 15．mouse (mice) 16．rabbit 兔子 17．dragon 龙 18．zebra 斑马 19．sheep 绵羊 20．snail 蜗牛 21．snake 蛇22．spider 蜘蛛 23．squirrel 松鼠 24．tiger 老虎25．wolf 狼 26．giraffe 长颈鹿 27．Dinosaur 恐龙28．ant 蚂蚁 29．bee 蜜蜂 30．Cock 公鸡31．chick 小鸡 32．ladybird瓢虫 33．bat 蝙蝠34．goat 山羊 35．parrot 鹦鹉 36．dolphin 海豚 2> Nature 自然 (18个) sun 太阳 moon 月亮 earth 地球 star 星星 sky 天空 cloud 云 wind 风 rain 雨 snow 雪 mountain 山 river 河 lake 湖 sea 大海 flower 花 tree 树 beach 沙滩 grass 草 shell 贝壳 3>fruit 水果（15个）
apple 苹果 pear 梨 banana 香蕉watermelon 西瓜 grapes 葡萄 lemon 柠檬 mango 芒果 peach 桃子 orange 桔子 coconut 椰子 kiwi fruit猕猴桃 pineapple 菠萝 litchi 荔枝 strawberry 草莓 cherry 樱桃 4 >food食物+drinks饮料(三餐) （33个） rice米饭 noodles 面条 dumpling饺子 cake蛋糕 bread面包 egg 蛋 hamburger 汉堡包 chips 薯条 hot dog 热狗 pizza 比萨饼 biscuit 小饼干 ice-cream 冰淇淋 meat肉 chicken鸡肉 beef 牛肉 fish 鱼肉 sausage 香肠 porridge 稀饭、粥 soup 汤 candy糖果 sweet 糖果 pie 馅饼、派 popcorn 爆米花 water 水 tea 荼 milk 牛奶 coffee 咖啡 juice 果汁 beer 啤酒 breakfast早餐 lunch 午餐 dinner/supper 晚餐 <5>family 家庭（10个） Grandpa/grandfather祖父/外祖父 grandma/grandmother 祖母/ 外祖母uncle 叔、舅 aunt 婶，姨 big brother 哥 big sister 姐 little brother 弟 little sister 妹6> Subject 科目（8个） Chinese 语文 math 数学 English 英语
1、American women were________the right to vote until1920after many years of hard struggle. 1.A.ignored 2.B.neglected 3.C.denied 4.D.refused 2、The antonym of soft is in“a________voice”and in“a________cushion”. 1.A.rough,hard 2.B.rough,rough 3.C.hard,rough 4.D.hard,hard 3、The figure of speech employed in“My father is a sanitary engineer”is _________. 1.A.hyperbole 2.B.euphemism 3.C.litotes 4.D.metonymy 4、Mrs.Smith is afraid that she and her husband don’t see_________on New Year Resolutions. 1.A.face to face 2.B.eye to eye 3.C.back to back
4.D.heart to heart 5、Among the synonymous group,old man,daddy,dad,father and male parent,_______ would most probably used by a lawyer in the court. 1.A.dad 2.B.old man 3.C.father 4.D.male parent 6、Our teacher is now not with us.Aha!When the________is away,the________ will play. 1.A.tiger,monkeys 2.B.cat,mice 3.C.hawk,birds 4.D.old,young 7、I could give an opinion________,but I would rather think about it. 1.A.off the sleeve 2.B.off the cuffs 3.C.off the cuff 4.D.off the sleeves 8、Choked traffic has been a(n)________to urban transportation system. 1.A.archenemy 2.B.primary enemy