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交通信号灯英文翻译

交通信号灯英文翻译
交通信号灯英文翻译

交通信号灯

当今,红绿灯安装在各个道口上,已经成为疏导交通车辆最常见和最有效的手段。社会的发展,人们的消费水平不断的提高,私人车辆不断的增加。人多、车多道路窄的道路交通状况已经很明显了。所以采用有效的方法控制交通灯是势在必行的。PLC 的智能控制原则是控制系统的核心,采用PLC把东西方向或南北方向的车辆按数量规模进行分档,相应给定的东西方向与南北方向的绿灯时长也按一定的规律分档. 这样就可以实现按车流量规模给定绿灯时长,达到最大限度的有车放行,减少十字路口的车辆滞流,缓解交通拥挤、实现最优控制,从而提高了交通控制系统的效率.

PLC的应用正在不断地走向深入,同时带动传统控制检测日新月益更新。它具有结构简单、编程方便、可靠性高等优点,已广泛用于工业过程和位置的自动控制中。由于PLC具有对使用环境适应性强的特性,同时其内部定时器资源十分丰富,可对目前普遍使用的“渐进式”信号灯进行精确控制,特别对多岔路口的控制可方便地实现。因此现在越来越多地将PLC应用于交通灯系统中。

同时,PLC本身还具有通讯联网功能,将同一条道路上的信号灯组成一局域网进行统一调度管理,可缩短车辆通行等候时间,实现科学化管理。在实时检测和自动控制的PLC应用系统中,PLC往往是作为一个核心部件来使用。

.. 21世纪,PLC会有更大的发展。从技术上看,计算机技术的新成果会更多地应用于可编程控制器的设计和制造上,会有运算速度更快、存储容量更大、智能更强的品种出现;从产品规模上看,会进一步向超小型及超大型方向发展;从产品的配套性上看,产品的品种会更丰富、规格更齐全,完美的人机界面、完备的通信设备会更好地适应各种工业控制场合的需求;从市场上看,各国各自生产多品种产品的情况会随着国际竞争的加剧而打破,会出现少数几个品牌垄断国际市场的局面,会出现国际通用的编程语言;从网络的发展情况来看,可编程控制器和其它工业控制计算机组网构成大型的控制系统是可编程控制器技术的发展方向。目前的计算机集散控制系统DCS中已有大量的可编程控制器应用。伴随着计算机网络的发展,可编程控制器作为自动化控制网络和国际通用网络的重要组成部分,将在工业及工业以外的众多领域发挥越来越大的作用。

在中国机动车量的不断增加,许多大城市如北京、上海、南京等地出现了交通超负荷运行的情况,交通事故的问题也越来越严重。并且由于各种特殊车辆(如120急救车、119火警车、110警车及各种特种车辆)在紧急情况之下不受红灯限制,也给交通带来很多不便,甚至造成交通事故。而且,目前大多数交通灯在同一时刻都会出现两个或两个以上方向同时为绿灯的情况,也增加了交通事故的发生率。因此,设计一种专为特殊车辆通过而不至于引发任何交通事故、正常交通控制时任何时刻只有一个方向通行绿灯的现代化智能交通灯控制系统是迫切需要的。

Nowadays, traffic lights installed in each crossing, has become the most common and dredge the traffic, the most effective means. The development of the society, people's consumption level unceasing enhancement, private vehicles unceasing increase. And more cars roads are narrow road traffic is clear. So adopting effective method to control the traffic light is imperative. PLC intelligent control principle is the core of the control system, PLC put the things direction or north-south direction according to quantity of vehicles, the corresponding scale what divides class given the green light direction betwee n north and south direction according to certain rules too long. It can realize divides class according to a given the green cars duration scale of maximum car release, reduce crossroads vehicles, ease traffic congestion stagnation, realize the optimal control, so as to improve the efficiency of the traffic control system.

The application of PLC is continuously, and drive to the deepening traditional control test new month benefit updates. It is simple in structure, programming and high reliability etc, co nvenient already widely used in industrial processes and position in the automatic control. Due to use of PLC has the characteristics of environmental adaptable, and its internal timer is very rich in resources, but the current widely used "progressive" lights, especially for precise control more than the

crossway control can be easily realized. So now increasingly applying PLC traffic light system.

Meanwhile, PLC itself also has communication networking function, will the same path as part of a LAN signa l unified dispatching management, can shorten the traffic wait times, realize scientific management. In real-time detection and automatic control of PLC application system, PLC is often used as a core components.

In the 21st century, PLC will have greater development. Technically, the computer technology can morely new achievements used in programmable controller design and manufacturing, there will be faster, storage and larger capacity, intelligent stronger varieties appear; Look from product size, can further to mini and super-large direction; Look from product compatibility, the variety of our products will be more rich, specification more complete, perfect man-machine interface and complete communication equipment can better adapt to all kinds of industrial control occasion demands; Look from the market, all countries to their production of multiple products with international competition intensifies and break, can appear a few brand monopoly international market situation, can appear international gene ral programming languages; Judging from the development of the network, programmable controller and other industrial control computer networking constitute a large control system is programmable controller technology development direction. The current comp uter distributed control system DCS has already a lot of programmable controller applications. Along with the development of computer network, the programmable controller as automation control network and international general network will be an important part of the industry and industry, the numerous fields outside play an increasing role.

In China the increasing amount of motor vehicles, many big cities like Beijing, Shanghai, nanjing and other ground appeared traffic

overload running condition, traffic accidents problem also more and more serious. And because the various special vehicles (such as an ambulance, 119 120 car, police and various special vehicle 110 in emergency situations, by red under limited to traffic bring a lot of inconvenience, even cause traffic accident. And now, most traffic lights at the same moment will appear two or more than two direction at the same time for the green situation, and increase the incidence of the traffic accident. Therefore, design a kind of designed for special vehicles through and not cause any traffic accident, normal traffic control any time only one direction of modern intelligent traffic light green traffic control system is urgently needed.

4英语翻译技巧-直、音、意译

英语翻译方法:直译与意译 这里所讲翻译方法是指通过英、汉两种语言特点对比,分析其异同,阐述表达原文的一般规律。英、汉语结构有相同一面,汉译时可照译,即所谓“直译”——既忠实原文内容,又符合原文结构形式,能传达原文意义,体现原文风格等。但这两种语言之间还有许多差别,如完全照译,势必出现“英化汉语”,这时就需要“意译”,在忠实原文内容前提下,摆脱原文结构束缚,使译文符合汉语规范。特别要注意是:“直译”不等于“死译”,“意译”也不等于“乱译”。试比较: 1、直译与死译 原文结构与汉语结构是一致,照译即可。但如果原文结构与汉语不一致,仍然采取直译方法,就成“死译”了。如: ①、In some automated plants electronic computers control the entire production line. 在某些自动化工厂,电子计算机控制整个生产线。(直译) ②、The earth acts like a big magnet.地球作用着像一块大磁铁。(死译) ③、Manganese has the same effect on the strength of steel as silicon. 锰有同样影响在强度上像硅。(死译) 例②、例③既不忠实原意,又不符合汉语表达方式。因此,必须运用“词类转换”广成分转换”、“词(语)序调整”等手段使译文通顺。例②、例③应分别译为:“地球作用像一块大磁铁。”…“锰像硅一样会影响钢强度。” 2、意译和乱译 只有在正确理解原文基础上,运用相应翻译方法以调整原文结构,用规范汉语加以表达,这才真正做到“意译”。翻译实践证明,大量英语句子汉译都要采取“意译法”。 如果把“意译”理解为凭主观臆想来理解原文,可以不分析原文结构,只看词面意义,自己编造句子,势必造成“乱译”。如: It is easy to compress a gas,it is just a matter of reducing the space between the molecules. Like a liquid a gas has no shape,but unlike a liquid it will expand and fill any container it is put in.气体是很容易压缩,这正是压缩分子之间距离根据。气体和液体一样没有形状,但又不同于液体,气体膨胀时会充满任何盛放它容器。(乱译) 例句中“乱译”是由主观臆想(不正确选择词义、任意转换成分)造成。在这里,将matter译成“根据”在物理学上是讲不通,因为“压缩气体也就是减少分子之间距离”,两者是一回事。matter应作“事情”、“问题”解。 将will expand任意转换为时间状语,致使不符合原义。will expand and fill应译为“会扩张并充满”。综上所述,原译文可改为“气体很容易压缩,那只不过是缩小分子之间距离而已。气体和液体一样没有形状,但又不同于液体,因为气体会扩张并充满任何盛放它容器。” 就翻译方法而论,总来说,就是“直译法和意译法相结合”,又可细分为“照译”、“词义引伸”、“成分转换”、“句转成分”等译法。 英语翻译训练方法-直译 直译是一种重要的翻译方法,它有不少优点,例如能传达原文意义,体现原文风格等。据估算,大约70%的句子要用直译方法来处理,所以直译广为译者采用,由此可见直译法之重要。但是,直译具有一定的局限性。例如译文有时冗长罗唆,晦涩难懂,有时不能正确传达原文意义,有时甚至事与愿违。所以,如果不顾场合条件,不顾中外两种语言的差异,一味追求直译,就必然闯红灯,进入误区,造成误译。直译之所以有误区,是因为语言的形式与内容,句子的表层结构与深层意义有时不统一;另一方面,中外文化历史背景不同,造成了不同的思维方式和不同的语言表达形式。不少人批评过直译硬译,指出过直译有局限性,但是直译到底有哪些局限性,它都表现在什么地方。英语直译至少有五大误区,明确这些误区,就要在翻译中避免一些错误,就可在直译行不通的地方采用意译。 一、否定句型中的直译误区

电气工程及其自动化专业英语(1)重点

电气工程及其自动化专业英语 考试题型:选择10*2 单词翻译10*2 短句翻译5*4 长句翻译4*10 Exercise All the simple circuit elements that will be 在下面进行的工作中我们要研究的简单电路元件,可以根据流过元件的电流与元件两端的电压的关系进行分类。例如,如果元件两端的电压正比于流过元件的电流,即u=ki,我们就把元件称为电阻器。其他的类型的简单电路元件的端电压正比于电流对时间的导数或正比于电流关于时间的积分。还有一些元件的电压完全独立于电流或电流完全独立于电压,这些是独立源。此外,我们还要定义一些特殊类型的电源,这些电源的电压或电流取决于电路中其他的电流或电压,这样的电源将被称为非独立源或受控源。 It must be emphasized that the linear 必须强调的是线性电阻器是一个理想的电路元件;它是物理元件的数学模型。我们可以很容易地买到或制造电阻器,但很快我们发现这种物理元件只有当电流、电压或者功率处于特定范围时其电压——电流之比才是恒定的,并且这个比值也取决于温度以及其它环境因素。我们通常应当把线性电阻器仅仅称为电阻器。只有当需要强调元件性质的时候才使用更长的形式称呼它。而对于任何非线性电阻器我们应当始终这么称呼它,非线性电阻器不应当必然地被视为不需要的元件。 If a circuit has two or more independent 如果一个电路有两个或多个独立源,求出具体变量值(电流或电压)的一种方法是使用节点分析法或网孔分析法。另一种方法是求出每个独立源对变量的作用然后把它们进行叠加。而这种方法被称为叠加法。叠加法原理表明线性电路某个元件两端的电压(或流过元件的电流)等于每个独立源单独作用时该元件两端的电压(或流过元件的电流)的代数和。 The ratio of the phase voltage to the 相电压与相电流之比等于电路的阻抗,符号为字母Z,阻抗是一个具有量纲为欧姆的复数量。阻抗不是一个相量,因此不能通过把它乘以e jωt,并取其实部把它转换成时域形式。但是,我们把电感器看作是通过其电感量L表现为时域形式而通过其阻抗jωL表现为频域形式,电容在时域里为电容量C而在频域里为1/jωc,阻抗是某种程度 上的频域变量而非时域变量。 Both wye and delta source connections 无论是星型连接的电源还是三角形连接的电源都有重要的实际应用意义。星型连接的电源用于长距离电力传输,此时电阻损耗(I2R)将达到最小。这是由于星型连接的线电压是三角形连接的线电压的√3倍,于是,对于相同的功率来说,三角型连接的线电流是星形连接的线电流的√3倍。三角形连接的电源使用在根据三相电源而需要的三个单相电路中。这种从三相到单相的转变用在住宅布线中因为家用照明和设备使用单相电源。三相电源用在需要大功率的工业布线中。在某些应用场合,无论负载是星形连接还是三角形连接并不重要。

电气英语翻译

Heat sink 散热器 Forward conduction 正向导通 Thyristor 晶闸管 Solid-state power device 固态功率器件 Silicon wafer 硅片,硅晶片 Self-latching 自锁 电流额定值current rating 反向击穿电压reverse breakdown voltage 负电流脉冲negative current pulse 交流电动机相位控制phase control AC motor 反向并联二极管reverse shunting diode 正信号positive signal Gate-turn-off thyristors 可关断晶闸管 固态功率器件基础 2.1 引言 在这一章中我们重点讨论固态功率器件,并且只讨论它们在相位控制或频率控制的三相460V交流鼠笼式感应电动机的应用。 2.2 固态功率器件 应用于固态交流电动机控制的功率半导体主要的五个类型如下: (1)二极管 (2)晶闸管(例如:硅控整流器SCRs) (3)(电子)晶体管 (4)可关断晶闸管 (5)双向可控硅 硅控整流器和双向可控硅通常用于相位控制。各种各样的二极管制品、硅控整流器、电子晶体管和可开断晶体管都应用于速度控制。这些器件的共性是:利用硅晶体薄片层层堆叠构成PN结的各种组合。在二极管、硅控整流器和可关断晶闸管中,P结常被叫作阳极,N结常被叫做阴极,在电子晶体管中相应的被叫做集电极和发射极。这些器件的区别在于导通和关断的方法及电流和电压的容量。 让我们来简答看一下这些器件,了解一下他们的参数。 2.2.1 二极管 图2.1是一个二极管。左边是一个中间有硅晶片的PN结,右边是单个二极管的表示符号。当阳极为正阴极为负时,会有电流通过,二极管本身伴随着一个比较小的压降。当极性相反时,只有很小的反向漏电流通过,这在图2.2中有表现出来。正向压降一般是1V左右,与电流额定值无关。 (PN结阳极阴极单个二极管PN结和表示符号) 二极管的正向电流额定值取决于起大小和设计,而这二者是根据器件的散热要求来确定的,一保证掐进不超过最大结温(通常是200℃)。 反向击穿电压(见图2.2)是二极管的另一个重要参数,它的数值较二极管尺寸大小更多地取决于其内部设计。

毕业设计外文翻译附原文

外文翻译 专业机械设计制造及其自动化学生姓名刘链柱 班级机制111 学号1110101102 指导教师葛友华

外文资料名称: Design and performance evaluation of vacuum cleaners using cyclone technology 外文资料出处:Korean J. Chem. Eng., 23(6), (用外文写) 925-930 (2006) 附件: 1.外文资料翻译译文 2.外文原文

应用旋风技术真空吸尘器的设计和性能介绍 吉尔泰金,洪城铱昌,宰瑾李, 刘链柱译 摘要:旋风型分离器技术用于真空吸尘器 - 轴向进流旋风和切向进气道流旋风有效地收集粉尘和降低压力降已被实验研究。优化设计等因素作为集尘效率,压降,并切成尺寸被粒度对应于分级收集的50%的效率进行了研究。颗粒切成大小降低入口面积,体直径,减小涡取景器直径的旋风。切向入口的双流量气旋具有良好的性能考虑的350毫米汞柱的低压降和为1.5μm的质量中位直径在1米3的流量的截止尺寸。一使用切向入口的双流量旋风吸尘器示出了势是一种有效的方法,用于收集在家庭中产生的粉尘。 摘要及关键词:吸尘器; 粉尘; 旋风分离器 引言 我们这个时代的很大一部分都花在了房子,工作场所,或其他建筑,因此,室内空间应该是既舒适情绪和卫生。但室内空气中含有超过室外空气因气密性的二次污染物,毒物,食品气味。这是通过使用产生在建筑中的新材料和设备。真空吸尘器为代表的家电去除有害物质从地板到地毯所用的商用真空吸尘器房子由纸过滤,预过滤器和排气过滤器通过洁净的空气排放到大气中。虽然真空吸尘器是方便在使用中,吸入压力下降说唱空转成比例地清洗的时间,以及纸过滤器也应定期更换,由于压力下降,气味和细菌通过纸过滤器内的残留粉尘。 图1示出了大气气溶胶的粒度分布通常是双峰形,在粗颗粒(>2.0微米)模式为主要的外部来源,如风吹尘,海盐喷雾,火山,从工厂直接排放和车辆废气排放,以及那些在细颗粒模式包括燃烧或光化学反应。表1显示模式,典型的大气航空的直径和质量浓度溶胶被许多研究者测量。精细模式在0.18?0.36 在5.7到25微米尺寸范围微米尺寸范围。质量浓度为2?205微克,可直接在大气气溶胶和 3.85至36.3μg/m3柴油气溶胶。

商务英语翻译练习 - 直译与意译

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在目前的美国钢结构协会荷载抗力系数规范中,分析结构体系的方法是一阶弹性分析或二阶弹性分析。在使用一阶弹性分析时,考虑到二阶效果,一阶力矩都是由B1,B2系数放大。在规范中,所有细部都是从结构体系中独立出来,他们通过细部内力曲线和规范给出的那些隐含二阶效应,非弹性,残余应力和挠度的相互作用设计的。理论解答和实验性数据的拟合曲线得到了柱曲线和梁曲线,同时Kanchanalai发现的所谓“精确”塑性区解决方案的拟合曲线确定了梁柱相互作用方程。 为了证明单个细部内力对整个结构体系的影响,使用了有效长度系数,如图28.2所示。有效长度方法为框架结构提供了一个良好的设计。然而,有效长度方法的

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Good morning,class. In the last period we have learned chapter one-General principles of translation. And we have studied two important points: Definition of translation and the competence of a translator. And I will check you in the next class. As what we have mentioned last period, the process of translation consists of two phases: comprehension and expression. (理解和表达) Generally speaking, comprehension is of foremost importance, and express is the natural consequence of thorough comprehension. However, in the practice of translation, we may find that now and then some words in their usual senses are very difficult to deal with because of the disparity between the English and the Chinese language. In this case, we have to resort to some special means of translation. Literal translation and free translation are two alternative approaches to tackle this problem. So, in this class, we are going to learn translation strategies in 1.4.1, literal translation and free translation. To begin with, what’s literal translation and free translation? Please open your books and turn to page 12. Literal translation Vs. Free translation 1. Literal translation may be defined as having the following characteristics: 1). Literal translation takes sentences as its basic units and the whole text into consideration at the same time in the course of translating. 直译把句子作为基本单位,同时在翻译的过程中也考虑整个文本。 2). Literal translation strives to reproduce both the ideological content and style of the entire literary work and retain as much as possible the figures of speech. 直译是要再现文本的中心内容和原文风格,并且尽可能保留原文的修辞。 2. Free translation may be defined as a supplementary means to mainly convey the meaning and spirit of the original without trying to reproduce its sentence patterns or figures of speech. And it is adopted only when and where really impossible for translators to do literal translation. 意译其实是直译的一种补充的翻译手段。意译就是尽可能传达原文的意思和精髓,

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浅谈英语翻译中的直 译和意译

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电气专业术语中英对照

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故障概率模型的数控车床 摘要:领域的失效分析被计算机数字化控制(CNC)车床描述。现场收集了为期两年的约80台数控车床的故障数据。编码系统代码失效数据是制定和失效分析数据库成立的数控车床。失败的位置和子系统,失效模式及原因进行了分析,以显示薄弱子系统的数控车床。另外,故障的概率模型,分析了数控车床的模糊多准则综合评价。 作者关键词:数控车床;场失败;概率模型;模糊信息 文章概述 1.介绍 2. CNC车床的概述 3.收集和整理数据 3.1. 收集数据 3.2. 领域失效数据的有效性 3.3. 数据核对和数据库 4. 失效分析 4.1. 对失败位置和子系统的频率分析 4.2. 对失败形式的频率分析 5.失败机率模型 5.1. 方法学 5.2. 分布倍之间连续的失败 5.3. 修理时间的发行 6.结论 1.介绍 在过去十年中,计算机数字化控制(CNC)车床已经越来越多地被引入到机械加工过程中。由于其固有的灵活性很大,稳定的加工精度和高生产率,数控车床是能给用户巨大的利益。然而,作为一个单一的数控车床故障也许会导致整个生产车间被停止,而且维修更加困难和昂贵,当故障发生时[1],数控车床能够给用户带来很多的麻烦。 与此同时,制造商还需要持续改进数控车床的可靠性来提高市场的竞争力。因此,数控车床的可靠性能使生产商和用户增加显著性和至关重要的意义。 需要改进数控车床的可靠性,使用户和制造商收集和分析领域的故障数据和采取措施减少停机时间。本文论述了研究失效模式及原因,失效的位置和薄弱的子系统,故障概率模型的数控车床。

图1 系统框图的数控车床 机械系统包括主轴及其传动链(固定在主轴箱),两根滑动轴(命名X、Z或者U,W在轮),车床拖板箱,转动架或刀架,尾座,床身等。主轴持续或加强连续变速,驱动交流或直流主轴电机直接或通过主传动,并有一个光电编码器的主轴车削螺纹。X和Z 两根轴的驱动交流或直流伺服车削螺纹和控制同时进行。该转动架或刀架可自动交换工

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