Department of Economics Professor Kenneth Train University of California, Berkeley Spring 2003
ECONOMICS 1
FINAL EXAMINATION
May 16, 5-8pm
INSTRUCTIONS
1. Please fill in the information below:
Your Name: SUGGESTED ANSWERS
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Section Days/Time:
2. There are a total of 180 points, 8 questions, and 11 pages (including this cover sheet). The suggested times to spend on
each question are in parentheses.
3. Answer the questions in the space provided. (NO BLUE BOOKS.) If you need extra room to answer questions, use the
backs of the pages.
4. Calculators are not permitted.
5. You may leave early if you finish prior to 7:45. So that the end of the exam is orderly, please do not leave between 7:45
and 8pm.
6. When time is called, stop writing immediately and pass your exam to your right.
HAVE A GOOD SUMMER! J
>>> D O NOT TURN THE PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO BEGIN THE EXAM. <<<
QUUESTION 1: 40 Total Points (40 Minutes)
True, False, or Uncertain For each of the following decide whether the statement is true, false, or uncertain and explain why. Your explanation determines the grade; you will be given no credit for an answer without an explanation. Use diagrams where they are appropriate to complement your answer.
a) [8 points] A competitive market maximizes social welfare because in a competitive market profits are zero.
False. A competitive market maximizes social welfare because price is equal to MC in equilibrium.
b) [8 points] The socially optimal level of pollution is zero.
False. The socially optimal level of pollution is determined by the intersection of demand curve and marginal social cost curve in a market with a negative externality (e.g., pollution). As long as the socially optimal level of output is positive, the socially optimal level of pollution will be positive.
c) [8 points] An additional dollar of tax reduction has the same effect on the economy as an additional dollar of government
expenditure.
False. An additional dollar of tax reduction increases aggregate expenditure (AE) through increasing consumption by MPC*$1, not by the whole dollar, whereas an
additional dollar of government expenditure increases AE by the whole dollar. Therefore, the effect of $1 increase in G is greater than that of $1 reduction in T.
QUESTION 1 (Continued)
d) [8 points] When OPEC triples the price of oil used by American producers, it causes aggregate output and prices to rise. False. If OPEC raises the price of oil used by American producers, then this is a supply shock. The AS curve shifts to the left and in the new equilibrium aggregate output is lower and prices are higher than before.
e) [8 points] The aggregate demand curve for the economy is derived by aggregating market demand curves across all
markets.
False. The aggregate demand curve for the economy is not the aggregate of all individual market demand curves. It shows the relationship between prices and aggregate output.
QUESTION 2: 20 Total Points (20 Minutes)
Consider an island economy with only two persons, Alex and Ben, and only two goods, fish and coconuts. Alex could catch 6 fish per hour or collect 12 coconuts per hour, and Ben could catch 4 fish per hour or collect 2 coconuts per hour. These rates are the same no matter how much time they spend in each activity. Each person works 10 hours each day.
a) [3 points] What is the opportunity cost of fish for Alex?
2 coconuts
b) [7 points] Draw the production possibility frontier for this island economy. Be sure to label the axes, and show the units
on the axes.
c) [10 points] Now suppose that a third person, Maria, enters the island economy. She could catch 5 fish per hour or 5
coconuts per hour. She also works 10 hours each day. Draw the new PPF for this three-person economy
Fish Coconuts 100 140 40 120 Fish
150 170 190 Coconuts 120 90 40
10
10 20 MC AC D $
20
Q MR 2 4 6 8
12 14 18 16 12
8 6 4
2
14 16 18
QUESTION 3: 25 Total Points (25 Minutes)
Berkeley Waste Management (BWM) has a monopoly on the garbage pickup market in Berkeley. BWM’s costs are shown below.
a) [6 points] Given the costs of BWM and the demand curve as in the graph above, explain the most likely reason that BWM has a monopoly.
This is a natural monopoly,
caused by increasing returns to scale.
b) [5 points] What are the profit maximizing level of output and price? Calculate profits and deadweight loss. Show your
work.
Profit max: MR = MC è Q = 8, P = 12, Profit = (12-10)8 = 16,
DWL = (14-8)(12-4)0.5 = 24
c) [6 points] The government decides to regulate BWM by inquiring them to produce at the socially optimal level of output.
What are the firm’s output, price, and profits and inefficiency (i.e., deadweight loss) under this regulation? Show your work.
Social optimum: MC = D è Q = 14, P = 6, Profit = (6-7)14 = -14, DWL = 0
d) [8 points] Suppose instead of forcing BWM to produce at the socially optimal level, the government decided to regulate
the monopoly by placing a business tax of $200 on the land owned by BWM. When entry/exit is not allowed, will trash pickup consumers prefer this policy over the policy proposed in part c)? Use consumer surplus and efficiency (deadweight loss) as criteria for making your judgment.
This is a fixed cost. This will have no effect on the quantity that BWM will
produce or the price that the monopoly charges because it doesn’t affect MC, MR or the demand curve. In this case, consumer surplus =(20-12)*8*0.5=32 and DWL = 24, whereas in part c), consumer surplus = (20-6)*14*0.5=126 and DWL = 0. Therefore, consumers will prefer the policy proposed in part c).
QUESTION 4: 15 Total Points (15 Minutes)
Consider an oligopoly consisting of two firms. The table below depicts each firm’s profits, depending on what price both firms charge. Firm B chooses: Firm A chooses:
a) [5 points] Find (if any) each firm’s dominant strategy.
Firm A does not have a dominant strategy. Firm B’s dominant strategy is HIGH.
b) [5 points] Which strategy does each firm choose in equilibrium when no collusion is allowed?
Firm A chooses Low and Firm B chooses HIGH.
c) [5 points] Suppose that collusion is allowed between the two firms. Could these firms benefit from collusion? Why or
why not?
When collusion is allowed, the firms will maximize combined profits. That is, in equilibrium both firms will choose HIGH. This outcome is the same as the one without collusion. Thus, they do not benefit from collusion in this case.
QUESTION 5: 15 Total Points (15 Minutes)
The demand and supply schedule for coffee are:
Price ($ per cup) Qd Qs 1.50 90 30 1.75 70 40 2.00 50 50 2.25 30 60 2.75
10
70
a) [3 points] If there is no tax on coffee, what is the price and how much coffee is consumed?
P = 2 and Q = 50
b) [6 points] If a tax of 75 cents a cup is imposed, what is the price and how much coffee is consumed?
P = 2.25 and Q = 30
c) [6 points] How much of the tax is paid by consumers? How much of the tax is paid by sellers? Low High Low Firm A earns $18 Mill. Firm B earns $18 Mill. Firm A earns $20 Mill. Firm B earns $23 Mill. High Firm A earns $23 Mill. Firm B earns $4 Mill. Firm A earns $16 Mill. Firm B earns $16 Mill.
Consumers pay 25 cents and sellers pay 50 cents.
QUESTION 6: 30 Total Points (30 Minutes)
The Korean economy, a small and open economy, is in quite a slump these days. Its president, Moo Hyun Roh, has decided to use either monetary or fiscal policy to revive economic activity. Suppose the following model provides a good description of this economy:
C = 0.9 (Y – T)
T = 100
I = 100
G = 100
EX = 20
IM = 20 + 0.1Y
where C is consumption, Y is aggregate output, T is tax, G is government expenditure, I is planned investment, EX is exports, and IM is imports. Suppose that prices, interest rates and exchange rates are fixed. (Since these variables are fixed, you can ignore the “feedback effects” to answer the following questions.)
a) [4 points] Find the equilibrium values of output, consumption, imports, and the trade deficit (or surplus). Show your
work.
Y = AE = C+I+G+EX-IM = 0.9(Y-100)+100+100+20-(20+0.1Y) = 0.8Y-110
è 0.2Y= 110 è Y = 550, C = 405, IM = 75, EX-IM = -55 (Trade Deficit)
b) [4 points] Increase G by 100 to observe the effects of fiscal policy. What is the G multiplier? What is the new
equilibrium output? Show your work.
G multiplier = 1/1-(mpc-mpm) = 1/1-(0.9-0.1) = 1/0.2 = 5
Y increases by 100*5 = 500, so the new equilibrium output is 1050.
c) [4 points] What is the G multiplier if there were no exports and imports? Is it greater or smaller than the multiplier you
found in part b)? Explain.
G multiplier = 1/1-mpc = 1/0.1 = 10
This is greater than the multiplier in part b) because when there are exports and imports, some of the increase in aggregate expenditure is spent on imports rather than on domestically produced goods and services.
Now assume that prices, interest rate, and exchange rates are no longer fixed. In reality, the Korean economy is little bit more complicated than the equations given above. For the following questions, consider the usual relationships among different variables that we discussed in class.
d) [7 points] As a result of the fiscal policy in part b),
? Does Korean Won appreciate or depreciate?
? Does the balance of trade improve or worsen?
? Does the price level increase or decrease?
Answer using graphs and explain in words.
Increase in G è AE rises è Y rises è MD increases è the interest rate (r) increases.
When r increases, the demand for Korean Won increases è the exchange rate for Korean Won rises è Korean Won appreciates.
When Korean Won appreciates, EX decreases and IM rises è Balance of trade worsens When Y rises for any given level of P, AD curve shifts to the right and P rises.
For full credit, students need to draw four graphs and show the changes described above.
e) [7 points] Now suppose that the money supply increases by 40, without a change in G. Answer the following questions
using graphs and explain in words.
? Does the equilibrium output increase or decrease?
? Does Korean Won appreciate or depreciate?
? Does the balance of trade improve or worsen?
? Does the price level increase or decrease?
Increase in MS è r falls è I increases è Y increases.
When r falls, supply of Won increases è Exchange rate decreases è Korean Won depreciates.
When Korean Won depreciates, EX rises and IM falls è Trade of balance improves. When Y increases for any given level of P, AD curve shifts to the right and P increases.
For full credit, students need to draw four graphs and show the changes described above.
f) [4 points] Suppose that Mr. Roh wants to choose a policy that can enhance the long term growth of the Korean economy.
If you were an economist making a recommendation to Mr. Roh, which policy would you recommend? Explain.
Monetary policy is better in this case because it decreases the interest rate, which in turn increases investments. The increase in investments will enhance the long term growth of the economy.
QUESTION 7: 20 Total Points (20 Minutes)
Consider two countries, Japan and U.S., producing two goods, cell phones and computers. Suppose that there are 10 workers
in each country. The table below depicts how many goods can be produced by a worker per day in each country.
Output per worker
Japan U.S.
Cell phones 1 2
Computers 6 6
a) [2 points] Which country (if any) has the absolute advantage in producing cell phones?
U.S.
b) [2 points] Which country (if any) has the absolute advantage in producing computers?
No country has the absolute advantage in producing computers.
c) [3 points] Which country (if any) has the comparative advantage in producing cell phones?
U.S.
d) [3 points] Which country (if any) has the comparative advantage in producing computers?
Japan
e) [5 points] If the terms of trade are one cell phone for one computer, can trade benefit both countries? Why or why not?
U.S. will not benefit from trade because the cost of producing one computer without trade, 1/3 cell phone, is lower than the cost with trade, which is one cell phone. However, Japan will benefit from trade because without trade the cost of producing one cell phone is six computers, but with trade the cost is only one computer.
f) [5 points] Describe the range of terms of trade (i.e., relative prices) at which both countries would want to specialize (i.e.,
produce only one good) and trade. Explain your answer.
The price of computers in terms of cell phones should be between 1/6 and 1/3 (or, the price of cell phones in terms of computers should be between 3 and 6). For example, if terms of trade are one cell phone to four computers, then U.S. will specialize in producing cell phones and Japan will specialize in producing computers and trade.
For U.S. without trade the cost of producing one computer is 1/3 cell phones, but
with trade it costs only 1/4 cell phones. Similarly, for Japan, without trade the
cost of producing one cell phone is six computers, whereas with trade it costs only four computers. Therefore, both countries will benefit from trade.
QUESTION 8: 15 Total Points (15 Minutes)
Using AS-AD curves to illustrate your point, discuss the impact of the following events on the equilibrium price level and output:
a) [5 points] In an effort to fight inflation, the fed decides to implement contractionary monetary policy.
Decrease in MS è the interest rate rises è I falls è Y falls è AD curve shifts to the left è Both Y and P decrease.
For full credit, students need to draw AS-AD graph.
b) [5 points] After some period of time inflation is finally under control but the country is still in recession. The Congress
passes a tax cut with no corresponding change in government spending.
The tax cut increases C and thus Y è AD shifts to the right è Both Y and P rise.
For full credit, students need to draw AS-AD graph.
c) [5 points] Due to the outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) in Asia, shipments of input products from
Asia to the U.S. have decreased significantly.
Decrease in shipments of input products in the U.S. will increase production costs èAS curve shits to the left è Y falls and P rises.
For full credit, students need to draw AS-AD graph.
住宅建设量大面广，关系到广大城镇居民的居住水平和切身利益，为进一步保证住宅设计质量，促进城镇住宅建设健康发展，落实好国家建设节能省地型住宅的要求，贯彻高度重视民生与住房保障问题的精神，住建部组织了《住宅设计规范》GB50096-1999的修编工作，近日予以发布公告。编号为GB50096-2011，自2012年8月1日起实施。其中，第5.1.1 5.1.1 住宅应按套型设计，每套住宅应设卧室、起居室（厅）、厨房和卫生间等基本功能空间。 5.3.3 厨房应设置洗涤池、案台、炉灶及排油烟机、热水器等设施或为其预留位置。 5.4.4 卫生间不应直接布置在下层住户的卧室、起居室（厅）、厨房和餐厅的上层。 5.5.2 卧室、起居室（厅）的室内净高不应低于2.40 m，局部净高不应低于2.10m，且其面积不应大于室内使用面积的1/3。 5.5.3 利用坡屋顶内空间作卧室、起居室（厅）时，其1/2面积的室内净高不应低于2.10 m。 5.6.2 阳台栏杆设计应采用防止儿童攀登的构造，栏杆的垂直杆件间净距不应大于0.11m，放置花盆处必须采取防坠落措施。 5.6.3 住宅的阳台栏板或栏杆净高，六层及六层以下的不应低于1.05m；七层及七层以上的不应低于1.10m。 5.8.1 外窗窗台距楼面、地面的净高低于0.90m时，应有防护设施。 6.1.1 楼梯间、电梯厅等共用部分的外窗窗台距楼面、地面的净高小于0.90m时，应有防护设施。 注：窗外有阳台或平台时可不受此限制。窗台的净高或防护栏杆的高度均应从可踏面起算，保证净高达到0.90m。 6.1.2 住宅的公共出入口台阶高度超过0.70m并侧面临空时，应设防护设施，防护设施净高不应低于1.05m。6.1.3 住宅的外廊、内天井及上人屋面等临空处的栏杆净高，六层及六层以下不应低于1.05m，七层及七层以上不应低于1.10m。防护栏杆必须采用防止少年儿童攀登的构造，当采用垂直杆件做栏杆时，其杆件净距不应大于0.11m。 6.2.1 十层以下的住宅建筑，当住宅单元任一层的建筑面积大于650m2，或任一套房的户门至安全出口的距离大于15m时，该住宅单元每层的安全出口不应少于2个。 6.2.2 十层及十层以上但不超过十八层的住宅建筑，当住宅单元任一层的建筑面积大于650 m2，或任一套房的户门至安全出口的距离大于10m时，该住宅单元每层的安全出口不应少于2个。 6.2.3 十九层及十九层以上的住宅建筑，每层住宅单元的安全出口不应少于2个。 6.2.4 安全出口应分散布置，两个安全出口的距离不应小于5 m。 6.2.5 楼梯间及前室的门应向疏散方向开启。 6.3.1 楼梯梯段净宽不应小于1.10m，不超过六层的住宅，一边设有栏杆的梯段净宽不应小于1.00m。 注：楼梯梯段净宽系指墙面装饰面至扶手中心之间的水平距离。 6.3.2 楼梯踏步宽度不应小于0.26m，踏步高度不应大于0.175m。扶手高度不应小于0.90m。楼梯水平段栏杆长度大于0.50m 时，其扶手高度不应小于1.05m。楼梯栏杆垂直杆件间净空不应大于0.11m。 6.3.5 楼梯井净宽大于0.11m 时，必须采取防止儿童攀滑的措施。 6.4.1 七层及七层以上住宅或住户入口层楼面距室外设计地面的高度超过16m 的住宅必须设置电梯。 6.4.7 电梯不应紧邻卧室布置。 6.5.1 外廊、内天井及上人屋面等临空处的栏杆净高，六层及六层以下住宅不应低于1.05m，七层及七层以上住宅不应低于1.10m。栏杆设计应防止儿童攀登，垂直杆件间净空不应大于0.11m。 6.5.3 住宅的公共出入口位于阳台、外廊及开敞楼梯平台的下部时，应采取防止物体坠落伤人的安全措施。 6.6.1 七层及七层以上的住宅，应对下列部位进行无障碍设计。 1．建筑入口； 2．入口平台； 3．候梯厅； 4．公共走道 6.6.2 建筑入口及入口平台的无障碍设计应符合下列规定： 1．建筑入口设台阶时，应同时设有轮椅坡道和扶手； 2．坡道的坡度应符合表6.6.2的规定。 表6.6.2 坡道的坡度
2000年1月大学英语六级考试试题及解答 PartⅠ Listening Comprehension (20 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During (he pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. Example: You will hear: You will read: A) 2 hours. B) 3 hours. C) 4 hours. D) 5 hours. From the conversation we know that the two are tawe know that the two are talking about some work they will start at 9 o'clock in the morning and have to finish at 2 in the afternoon. Therefore. D) “5 hours”is the correct answer. You should choose ［D］ on the Answer Sheet and mark it with a single line trough the centre. Sample Answer ［A］［B］［C］［D］ 1. A) To cancel his trip. B) To go to bed early. C) To catch a later flight. D) To ask for a wake - up call. 2. A) They have different opinions as to what to do next. B) They have to pay for the house by installments. C) They will fix a telephone in the bathroom. D) The man's attitude is more sensible than the woman's. 3. A) She will save the stamps for the man's sister. B) She will no longer get letters from Canada. C) She can't give the stamps to the man's sister. D) She has given the stamps to the man's roommates. 4. A) Visiting the Brownings. B) Writing a postcard. C) Looking for a postcard. D) Filling in a form. 5. A) The man should work with somebody else. B) The man should meet his partner's needs. C) They should come to a compromise. D) They should find a better lab for the project. 6. A) She can't finish her assignment, either. B) She can't afford a computer right now. C) The man can use her computer. D) The man should buy a computer right away. 7. A) The visiting economist has given several lectures. B) The guest lecturer's opinion is different from Dr. Johnson's. C) Dr. Johnson and the guest speaker were schoolmates. D) Dr. Johnson invited the economist to visit their college.
初识word 一、教材分析 本课是了解和认识Word2010的基本操作课，内容是按启动Word 认识Word窗口及其主要功能、保存文档和退出Word窗口的顺序编排的，这是本课四个需要完成的任务，也是学生必须掌握的四个知识点。 二、学情分析 三年级学生在学习使用画图程序、写字板程序、IE浏览器后对软件已经有了基本的认识和了解，经过我在学校的调查情况看，有一部分学生了解word软件甚至会用word软件处理简单文本。那么“初识word”就不能停留在简单的介绍和训练上，更重要的是让学生通过亲身探索感受到word与写字板、画图程序的不同，感受其独特的优势魅力，用word表达自己并学会用它制作名片等。 三、教学目标 1．知识与技能 （1）、认识word是什么。 （2）、探索启动word和退出word的多种途径。 （3）、认识并了解word窗口的组成结构及其主要功能。 （3）、学会保存word文档。 2．过程与方法 （1）让学生亲身体验感受word较强的图像、表格等文字处理功能从而产生学习的兴趣。 （2）让学生在自主探究中掌握启动word、退出word的多种方法
从而了解word人性化服务理念。 （3）通过游戏认识窗口成员的名字，从整体上认识word结构，清楚每个功能区在窗口中的位臵，通过学生动手实践了解窗口主要成员的功能。 （4）在学生认识窗口的组成结构及其主要功能后尝试完成主题任务制作名片进一步加深对word窗口的认识。 3．情感态度与价值观 通过word这一工具软件的学习，让学生感受知识的学习和技能的发展来源于生活，服务到生活中去。 4．行为与创新 通过探索启动和退出word的多种途径以及灵活运用word来启发思维，培养学生创造性。 四、课时安排 安排1课时。 五、教学重点与难点 1．教学重点：启动和退出word的办法。 2．教学难点：认识word窗口的组成结构，了解各部分的主要功能。 六、教学方法与手段 创设情境、合作游戏、自主探究 七、课前准备 学生对word掌握情况，Word作品若干，教学课件，学件
2014年12月大学英语六级CET6考试 考前冲刺试题及答案 2014年12月大学英语六级CET6考试考前冲刺试题及答案（1）Part Ⅰ Listening Comprehension (20 minutes) Section A Directions:In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. Example:You will hear: M: When shall we start our work, Jane? W: Tomorrow at 9 o'clock. But we must work quickly, for we have to finish everything before 2 in the afternoon. Q: For how long can they work? You will read: A) 2 hours. B) 3 hours. C) 4 hours. D) 5 hours. From the conversation we know that the two are talking about some work they will start at 9 o'clock in the morning and have to finish at 2 in the afternoon. Therefore, D)"5 hours" is the correct answer. You should choose [D] on the Answer Sheet and mark it with a single line through the center. Sample Answer [A] [B][C] [D] 1. A) The man can have his camera fixed here. B) The woman will probably fix the man's camera herself. C) The man will buy a new camera. D) The woman suggests that the camera should have been brought in earlier. 2. A) Jack vacuumed the living room but not the bathroom. B) Jack cleaned the bathroom but not the living room. C) Jack cleaned neither the living room nor the bathroom because he is exhausted. D) Jack cleaned both the living room and the bathroom. 3. A) At the dentist's. B) At a grocery.
住宅设计规范（GB50096） 一、总则 1、为保障城市居民基本的住房条件，提高城市住宅功能质量，使住宅设计符合适用、安全、卫生、经济等要求，制定本规范。 2、本规范适用于全国城市新建、扩建的住宅设计。 3、住宅按层数划分如下： （1）低层住宅为一层至三层； （2）多层住宅为四层至六层； （3）中高层住宅为七层至九层； （4）高层住宅为十层及以上。 4、住宅设计必须执行国家的方针政策和法规，遵守安全卫生、环境保护、节约用地、节约能源、节约用材、节约用水等有关规定。 5、住宅设计应符合城市规划和居住区规划的要求，使建筑与周围环境相协调，创造方便、舒适、优美的生活空间。 6、住宅设计应推行标准化、多样化，积极采用新技术、新材料、新产品，促进住宅产业现代化。 7、住宅设计应在满足近期使用要求的同时，兼顾今后改造的可能。 8、住宅设计应以人为核心，除满足一般居住使用要求外，根据需要尚应满足老年人、残疾人的特殊使用要求。 9、住宅设计除应符合本规范外，尚应符合国家现行的有关强制性标准的规定。 二、术语 1、住宅residential building：供家庭居住使用的建筑。 2、套型dwelling size：按不同使用面积、居住空间组成的成套住宅类型。 3、居住空间habitable space：系指卧室、起居室（厅）的使用空间。 4、卧室bed room：供居住者睡眠、休息的空间。 5、起居室（厅）living room：供居住者会客、娱乐、团聚等活动的空间。 6、厨房kitchen：供居住者进行炊事活动的空间。 7、卫生间bathroom：供居住者进行便溺、洗浴、盥洗等活动的空间。 8、使用面积usable area：房间实际能使用的面积，不包括墙、柱等结构构造和保温层的面积。 9、标准层typical floor：平面布置相同的住宅楼层。 10、层高storey height：上下两层楼面或楼面与地面之间的垂直距离。 11、室内净高interior net storey height：楼面或地面至上部楼板底面或吊顶底面之间的垂直距离。 12、阳台balcony：供居住者进行室外活动、晾晒衣物等的空间。 13、平台terrace：供居住者进行室外活动的上人屋面或由住宅底层地面伸出室外的部分。 14、过道passage：住宅套内使用的水平交通空间。 15、壁柜cabinet：住宅套内与墙壁结合而成的落地贮藏空间。 16、吊柜wall-hung cupboard：住宅套内上部的贮藏空间。 17、跃层住宅duplex apartment：套内空间跨跃两楼层及以上的住宅。 18、自然层数natural storeys：按楼板、地板结构分层的楼层数。 19、中间层middle- floor：底层和最高住户入口层之间的中间楼层。
1996年1月大学英语六级(CET-6)真题试卷及参考答案 Part I Listening comprehension (20 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. Example: You will hear: You will read: A) 2 hours. B) 3 hours. C) 4 hours. D) 5 hours. From the conversation we know that the two were talking about some work they will start at 9 o’clock in the morning and have to finish at 2 in the afternoon. Therefore, D) “5 hours” is the correct answer. You should choose [D] on the Answer Sheet and mark it with a single line through the center. Sample Answer [A] [B] [C] [D] 1. A) The flight has been canceled. B) The plane is late. C) The plane is on time. D) The tickets for this flight have been sold out. 2. A) He is not to blame. B) It was his fault. C) He will accept all responsibility. D) He will be more careful next time. 3. A) The man is a forgetful person. B) The typewriter is not new. C) The man can have the typewriter later.
第一课时WORD2003概述 一. 简介 1. 产生：美国微软公司推出的字表处理办公软件 Microsoft Word是微软公司的一个文字处理器应用程序。它最初是为了运行DOS的IBM计算机而在1983年编写的。随后的版本可运行于Apple Macintosh (1984年), SCO UNIX，和Microsoft Windows (1989年)，并成为了Microsoft Office的一部分。 2. 发展：WORD97、WORD2000、WORD2002、WORD2003、WORD2007 Microsoft Windows 的版本包括： 1989年11月Word for Windows 1991年Word 2 for Windows 1993年Word 6 for Windows (由于要与当时的竞争对手DOS、Macintosh和WordPerfect的版本编号看齐，视窗版本的Word更改为Word 6) 1995年Word 95，也称Word 7 1997年Word 97，也称Word 8 1999年Word 2000，也称Word 9 2001年Word XP，也称Word 2002或Word 10 2003年Word 2003，也称Word 11 2006年Word 2007，也称Word 12 3. 功能 WORD2003是一个功能强大的文字处理软件，用来处理文字的录入、修改、排版和输出等一整套文字处理工作，将文字组合后变成信件、单位公函、学术论文、书籍、报刊等。具体可实现以下功能： (1). 排版打印 (2). 图文混排 (3). 制作表格(文字为主，相对复杂的表格) (4). 特殊文档处理(公文、长文档等) 4. OFFICE系列办公软件 (1). Excel：表格制作、数据运算和处理 (2). PowerPoint：幻灯片制作 (3). Outlook Express：电子邮件管理 (4). FrontPage：网页制作 (5). Access：数据库管理 (6). Publisher(2003)：创建和发布各种出版物 (7). InfoPage(2003)：创建在大量正式或非正式商业程序中收集和共享信息的动态表单的工具 (8). OneNote(2003)：会议记录工具 二. 启动和退出 1. 启动 (1). 开始/程序/Microsoft.word. (2). 双击桌面图标 (3). 开始/运行/Winword .exe/确定 (4). 在资源管理器中双击WORD文档
2014年12月英语六级真题及答案（文字版） 考试采取“多题多卷”模式，试题顺序不统一，请依据试题进行核对Part I Writing Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the following t opic. You should write at least 180 words but no more than 200 words. 作文题一：学历歧视 作文部分： 【学历歧视：参考范文】 In the modern society, with competition becomes increasingly fierce, to find a job is to o difficult for the young generation. Academic qualification, as a job a stepping-stone, is a n essential factor during the job hunting. Some people think that the highly educated must be able to find a good job, because education can prove that a person has a good capacity. Therefore, it is commonly believe
that a job seeker with a master degree must be easier to find a promising job than a un dergraduate. However, now the company interviewers generally prefer to required a even h igher academic qualification, like a doctor degree. Otherwise, the applicants, even though h e or she has tremendous potential, will be refused relentlessly. As far as I am concerned, education should not be the single standard in an interview. As for the companies, it is not necessarily a good principle as well. Now the whole comm unity often talk about working ability and efficiency. For example, some people may have high academic qualification, but actually his ability is very limited. So both the individual a nd the community ought to change their attitude on academic qualification. We should rea lize that it is the operational Part II Listening Section A Directions：In this section，you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was sai d. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question t here will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A) , B) , C) and D)，and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Ans wer Sheet I with a single line through the centre. Question 1 A.At a grocery B.In a parking lot
*****住宅设计规范---2006年版************ 1 总则 1.0.1 为保障城市居民基本的住房条件,提高城市住宅功能质量,使住宅设计符合适用,安全,卫生,经济等要求,制定本规范. 10.2 本规范适用于全国城市新建,扩建的住宅设计. l.0.3 住宅按层数划分如下; l 低层住宅为一层至三层; 2 多层住宅为四层至六层; 3 中高层住宅为七层至九层; 4 高层住宅为十层及以上. 1.0.4 住宅设计必须执行国家的方针政策和法规,遵守安全卫生,环境保护,节约用地,节约能源,节约用材,节约用水等有关规定. 1.0.5 住宅设计应符合城市规划和居住区规划的要求, 使建筑与周围环境相协调,创造方便,舒适,优美的生活空间. l.0.6 住宅设计应推行标准化,多样化,积极采用新技术, 新材料,新产品,促进住宅产业现代化. 1.0.7 住宅设计应在满足近期使用要求的同时, 兼顾今后改造的可能.
l.0.8 住宅设计应以人为核心,除满足一般居住使用要求外,根据需要尚应满足老年人,残疾人的特殊使用要求. 1.0.9 住宅设计除应符合本规范外,尚应符合国家现行的有关强制性标准的规定. 2 术语 2.0.1 住宅 residential buildings 供家庭居住使用的建筑. 2.0.2 套型 dwelling size 按不同使用面积,居住空间组成的成套住宅类型. 2.0.3 居住空间 habitable space 系指卧室,起居室(厅)的使用空间. 2.0.4 卧室 bed room 供居住者睡眠,休息的空间. 2.0.5 起居室(厅) living room
最牛英语口语培训模式：躺在家里练口语，全程外教一对一，三个月畅谈无阻！ 洛基英语，免费体验全部在线一对一课程：https://www.doczj.com/doc/7a3219348.html,/ielts/xd.html（报名网址）Section B Passage One There are some serious problems in the Biramichi River. The local Chamber of Commerce, which represents the industries in the area, hired me as a consultant to do a one-year study on fishing in the Biramichi River and write a report for them. This is my report. One of the major problems in the Biramichi River, is that the level of the oxygen in the water is too low. Several chemicals have displaced the oxygen. This chemical pollution has two sources: The factories which dump polluted water directly into the river and the local community, which dumps untreated human wastes into the river. The local town government has already spent 2 million dollars on waste water treatment projects. But it would cost another 27 million to complete the projects. It would take at least 15 years for the town to collect enough revenue from taxes to complete these projects. The factories here employed 17 000 people, and in the area where there is very little alternative employment, it is not economically practical to close or relocate the factories. Also, the factories can not afford to finance chemical treatment plants by themselves. Another problem is that the members of the Biramichi fishing cooperative are overfishing. Fishes are caught when they are on the way upstream to lay eggs. Consequently, not enough fish are left to reproduce in large numbers. The members of the cooperative say that they have already reduced their annual catch by 60 percent. However, my study indicates that they took fewer fish because there were fewer fish to catch, not because they were trying to preserve fishes. Passage Two Everybody has to die someday. But nobody likes to think about it. Even so, at some time in their lives most people manage to think about the question of how to make a will. If you have already made yours, it's probably just a few pages of wring, stating that you wish to leave everything to your family. That's the kind of will that the majority of people make. However, there are plenty of ways to make your will more interesting if you want to. To begin with, you don't have to write it on paper. One man wrote his will on an envelope, another on a door, and the third on an egg. For some people, the most important part of their will is the part that says how they want to be buried. Mrs . Sundrew West, a rich widow from Texas, decided that she wanted to be buried with her favorite car. In 1973, Mr. Green, a dentist from England, left most of his money to the nurse who worked for him if, in 5 years, she wouldn't wear any kind of make-up or jewelry or go out with men. Finally, let's hope that your will is not like that of Dr. Wagner, who lived in America
《住宅设计规范》实施 住宅建设量大面广，关系到广大城镇居民的居住 水平和切身利益，为进一步保证住宅设计质量，促进 城镇住宅建设健康发展，落实好国家建设节能省地型 住宅的要求，贯彻高度重视民生与住房保障问题的精神，住建部组织了《住宅设计规范》GB50096-1999的修编工作，近日予以发布公告。编号为GB50096-2011，自2012年8月1日起实施。其中，第 5.1.1、5.3.3、5.4.4、5.5.2、5.5.3、5. 6.2、5.6.3、5.8.1、6.1.1、6.1.2、6.1.3、6.2.1、6.2.2、6.2 .3、6.2.4、6.2.5、6.3.1、6.3.2、6.3.5、6.4.1、6 .4.7、6.5.2、6.6.1、6.6.2、6.6.3、6.6.4、6. 7.1 、6.9.1、6.9.6、6.10.1、6.10.4、7.1.1、7.1.3、7 .1.5、7.2.1、7.2.3、7.3.1、7.3.2、7.4.1、7.4.2 、7.5.3、8.1.1、8.1.2、8.1.3、8.1.4、8.1.7、8.2 .1、8.2.2、8.2.6、8.2.10、8.2.11、8.2.12、8.3.2、8.3.3、8.3.4、8.3.6、8.3.12、8.4.1、8.4.3、8. 4.4、8. 5.3、8.7.3、8.7.4、8.7.5、8.7.9条为强制性条文，必须严格执行。原《住宅设计规范》 GB50096-1999（2003年版）同时废止。现将强制性条文摘录如下： 5.1.1住宅应按套型设计，每套住宅应设卧室、起居 室（厅）、厨房和卫生间等基本功能空间。 5.3.3厨房应设置洗涤池、案台、炉灶及排油烟机、 热水器等设施或为其预留位置。 1
2000年1月大学英语六级CET6真题及答案 Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. Example: You will hear: You will read: A) 2 hours. B) 3 hours. C) 4 hours. D) 5 hours. From the conversation we know that the two were talking about some work they will start at 9 o’clock in the morning and have to finish at 2 in the afternoon. Therefore, D) “5 hours” is the correct answer. You should choose [D] on the Answer Sheet and mark it with a single line through the center. Sample Answer [A] [B] [C] [D] 1. A) To cancel his trip. B) To go to bed early. C) To catch a later flight. D) To ask for a wake-up call. 2. A) They have different opinions as to what to do next. B) They have to pay for the house by installments. C) They will fix a telephone in the bathroom. D) The man’s attitude is more sensible than the woman’s. 3. A) Sh e will save the stamps for the man’s sister. B) She will no longer get letters from Canada.
课题：初识《WPS文字》 教学目标： 1．引导学生了解WPS文字的启动与退出，认识WPS文字的界面，掌握在WPS 文字中输入文本的基本操作，学会保存WPS文字文档。 2．引导学生积极参与到了解信息技术的学习过程中，掌握探究学习的方法。 3．培养学生的软件版权意识，了解国产软件，提升民族自豪感。 教学重点：WPS文字中文本的输入和文档的保存。 教学难点：了解输入英文、大写字母以及保存文档。 教学准备：ppt课件、计算机 教学过程： 一、创设情境、激发兴趣 同学们，我们曾经接触过一个文字处理软件word2003，这个软件是美国微软公司出品的软件。其实，我们国产的WPS文字也是一款功能强大的文字处理软件，因为是国产，所以WPS文字更符合我们国人的编辑习惯，希望同学们以后可以做出更好的软件。这节课我们就来研究WPS文字的基础操作。 二、探究新知、合作交流： 1、启动《WPS文字》：直接双击桌面上的WPS文字快捷方式图表。 注：你也可以通过开始菜单启动WPS文字。 单击——所有程序——WPS Office——WPS文字。 2、认识《WPS界面》：
新建文档：单击“WPS文字——新建”，即可创建一个新文档。 WPS文字的界面：标题栏、菜单栏、工具栏、编辑区、状态栏、任务窗格。 3、输入文本。 (1)、输入英文：当输入法按钮显示为时，按键盘即可输入英文字母。如果当前是中文输入法，则可以单击输入法按钮，在弹出的列表中选择“中文简体—美式键盘”，此后按键盘即可输入英文字母。 中英文输入法切换：Ctrl+空格。 (2)、输入汉字：在语言选项列表中选择“搜狗拼音输入法”或者“百度拼音输入法”这些汉字输入法，按相应的汉字拼音就可以输入汉字。 ①、前后翻页：按句号键向后翻；按逗号键向前翻。 ②、选择汉字：按主键盘上的相应数字键选取正确的汉字。 ③、换行：按回车键。 常用汉字输入法：搜狗拼音、百度拼音、qq拼音、五笔输入…… (3)、输入符号： 双字符键：上面的字符叫“上档字符”，下面的字符叫“下档字符”；输入下档字符直接按相应的双字符键即可；输入上档字符需要先按住换挡键shift，再按双字符键。 (4)、输入大写字母： 按下大写字母锁定键“Caps Lock”键（此时大写指示灯亮），再按相应的字母键，输入的就是大写字母；再按一下大写锁定键（此时大写指示灯灭），按字母键，输入的就是小写字母。 4、保存文档