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Temperature and pressure in nonextensive thermostatistics Q.A.Wang,L.Nivanen,A.Le M′e haut′e ,Institut Sup′e rieur des Mat′e riaux et M′e caniques Avanc′e s ,44,Avenue F.A.Bartholdi,72000Le Mans,France and M.Pezeril Laboratoire de Physique de l’′e tat Condens′e ,Universit′e du Maine,72000Le Mans,France Abstract The de?nitions of the temperature in the nonextensive statistical thermodynamics based on Tsallis entropy are analyzed.A de?nition of pressure is proposed for nonadditive systems by using a nonadditive e?ective volume.The thermodynamics of nonadditive photon gas is discussed on this basis.We show that the Stefan-Boltzmann law can be preserved within nonextensive thermodynamics.PACS :05.20.-y,05.70.-a,02.50.-r 1Introduction The nonextensive statistical mechanics (NSM)[1]based on Tsallis entropy is believed by many to be a candidate replacing Boltzmann-Gibbs statistics (BGS)for nonextensive or nonadditive systems which may show probability distributions di?erent from that of BGS.So according the common belief,
NSM,just as BGS,should be able to address thermodynamic functions and intensive variables like temperature T ,pressure P ,chemical potential μetc.Although the Legendre transformation between the thermodynamic functions is preserved in some versions of NSM with sometimes certain deformation,the de?nition of intensive variables is not obvious if the thermodynamic functions
1
such as entropy S,energy U or free energy F are nonadditive.There are sometimes misleading calculations usingβ=1/T= ?S
?V T or P=1V(for photon gas)without specifying the nonadditivity(or additivity)of each functions or noticing that additive internal energy U and volume V associated with nonadditive S and F will lead to non-intensive temperature or pressure which would make the thermodynamic equilibrium or stationarity impossible in the conventional sense.
On the other hand,within NSM,due to the fact that di?erent formalisms are proposed from di?erent statistics or information considerations,thermo-dynamic functions do not in general have the same nonadditive nature in di?erent versions of NSM.This has led to di?erent de?nitions of,among others,a physical or measurable temperatureβp which is sometimes equal toβ[2],sometimes equal toβmultiplied by a function of the partition func-tion Z q?1[3,4,5,6,7]or Z1?q[8,9]which keepsβp intensive,where q is the nonadditive entropy index1,or sometimes de?ned by deformed entropy and energy[9,10,11].This situation often results in confusion and misleading discussions of these temperatures[12]or other intensive variables[13],with-out knowing or mentioning the validity conditions relevant to them and the risk to have non intensive temperature or pressure.
The present paper tries to make a state of the art on this subject with brief discussions of the speci?cities of each formalism of NSM and the relevant consequences.It is hoped that this paper may o?er to the reader a global view of the situation and of some important questions which are still matters of intense investigation.
2The?rst de?nition of physical temperature of NSM
We look at a composite system containing two subsystems A and B,all having the same q as nonadditive entropy index.The entropy nonadditivity of the total system is given by
S(A+B)=S(A)+S(B)+(1?q)S(A)S(B).(1)
,(q∈R)[1]
1?q
2
This relationship is intrinsically connected with the product joint probability
p ij(A+B)=p i(A)p j(B),(2) or inversely,where i or j is the index of physical states for A or B.Eq.(2)has been intuitively taken as an argument for the independence of A and B and for the energy additivity of A+B.This additivity o?ers the?rst possibility to establish zeroth law and to de?ne temperature within NSM[3,4,5,6,7]. The intensive physical temperature is de?ned as
βp=1
w i p q i?S w i p q iβ.(3)
This de?nition is an universal model of NSM and not connected to any spe-ci?c statistical formalism.
If thisβp is applied to NSM having typically the power law distribution
p i=1
a with[·]≥0(4)
where E i is the energy of a system at state i and a is1?q or q?1according to the maximum entropy constraints of the formalism[8,14],there may be in general a con?ict between the product joint probability and the energy additivity condition due to the nonadditive energy E i(A+B)=E i(A)+ E j(B)?aβp E i(A)E j(B).So the validity of this thermostatistics strongly lies on neglecting E i(A)E j(B).
A mathematical proof[3]shown that this was possible,for a N-body sys-tem,if and only if q<1and N→∞.This is not to be forgotten.For the systems with q>1or with?nite size without thermodynamic limits,this additive energy model is not justi?ed.
Especially,when this model is applied to the formalism of NSM de-duced from the normalized expectation given by the escort probability U= i p q i E i
Z [1?(1?q)βp(E i?U)]1
Z
[1?(1?q)
β
1?q,(5)
Eq.(3)becomes
βp=1
?U
=Z q?1β.(6)
In this case,βp is not to be confounded withβalthough we have hereβ=?S
3
The ?rst formalism of NSM The ?rst formalism[1]of NSM maximizes entropy under the constraint U = i p i E i with normalized p i .The distribution function is given by
p i =1q ?1.(7)
The product probability implies the following nonadditivity of energy :
E i (A +B )=E i (A )+E j (B )?(q ?1)βp E i (A )E j (B )(8)and U (A +B )=U (A )+U (B )?(q ?1)βp U (A )U (B ).The temperature of this formalism is still given by Eq.(6)as brie?y discussed in [8].
The thermodynamic relations can be deduced from the basic expression of entropy of this formalism
S =
Z 1?q ?1q ?1+βp U where S p is an “auxiliary entropy”introduced
to write the generalized heat as dQ =T p dS p .The ?rst law reads dU =T p dS p ?dW .The free energy F is de?ned as
F =U ?T p S p =?T p Z q ?1?1
?T p V and Eqs.(5)and (10)with
Z = i [1?(q ?1)βp E i ]1q ?1=1? i p 2?q i
4The second formalism of NSM with unnor-
malized expectation
This formalism is deduced from the entropy maximum under the constraint U = i p q i E i with normalized p i [15].The distribution function is given by
p i =11?q .(12)
and the nonadditivity of energy by E i (A +B )=E i (A )+E j (B )?(1?q )βp E i (A )E j (B )and
U (A +B )=U (A )Z 1?q (B )+U (B )Z 1?q (A )+(q ?1)βp U (A )U (B ).(13)As discussed in [2],this is the only formalism of NSM in which the math-ematical framework of the thermodynamic relationships is strictly identical to that of BGS with βp =β.The heat is given by dQ =T dS ,the ?rst law by dU =T dS ?dW and the free energy by
F =U ?T S =?T Z 1?q ?1
Z [1?(1?q )βp E i ]
11?q .
The nonadditivity of energy is given by
U (A +B )=U (A )+U (B )+(q ?1)βp U (A )U (B ).
5
The de?nition of the physical temperatureβp in this formalism is discussed in[8,9]and reads
βp=Z1?q
?S
q?1
+βp Z q?1U(17) or S p=Z1?q S=Z1?q?1
1?q
,(18) dF=?S p dT p?dW where dW is the work done by the system.S p is given by[12]
S p=? i p q i p q?1i?1q?1.(19) which is concave only for q>1/2so that not to be maximized to get dis-tribution functions although its maximum formally leads to p i∝[1?(q?1)βp E i]1
?T although we can write F=U?T p S p=U?T S.In
addition,Z is not derivable with respect toβsince it is a self-referential function when written as a function ofβ.This calculation can be done for S only in the second formalism with unnormalized expectation and normalized probability associated toβ=1/T=?S
p i
and e i=ln[1+(q?1)βp E i]
Z e?βp e i
which is identical to Eq.(15).Within this framework,the temperature is β=?s
(q?1)βp
.(20)
6
In this deformed formalism,everything is just as in BGS.This mathematical framework has been used for the equilibrium problem of the systems having
di?erent q’s[10,11].
6Systems having di?erent q’s
The reader should have noticed that all the above discussions are based on the entropy nonadditivity given by Eq.(1)which is valid only for systems having the same index q.For systems A,B and A+B each having its own
q,this relationship breaks down even if the product joint probability holds. So for establishing the zeroth law,we need more general nonadditivity for entropy.A possible one is proposed as follows[10]:
(1?q A+B)S(A+B)=(1?q A)S(A)+(1?q B)S(B)(21)
+(1?q A)(1?q B)S(A)S(B)
which recovers Eq.(1)whenever q A+B=q A=q B.
The establishment of zeroth law for this case has been discussed by using
the unnormalized expectations just as in the second formalism of NSM,i.e., u= i p q i e i with i p i=1[10],or u= i p i e i with i p q i=1[11].The reason for this is that these unnormalized expectations allow one to split the ther-
modynamics of the composite systems into those of the subsystems through
the generalized product joint probability p q A+B
ij (A+B)=p q A i(A)p q B i(B)if
i p i=1[or p ij(A+B)=p i(A)p i(B)if i p q i=1].This thermodynamic splitting is just a necessary condition for the statistical interpretation of the zeroth law.
In this case,the deformed entropy s and energy u are not necessarily additive as in the case of an unique q.In fact,when u= i p q i e i with i p i=1is used,their nonadditivities are given as follows
q A+B s(A+B)
i p q A i(A)+q B s(B)
ij p q A+B ij(A+B)=q A u(A) j p q B j(B).(23)
7
The temperature is given byβp=β=?s
?U here U= i p q i E i.The
thermodynamic relations are the same as in the second formalism of NSM or in BGS.
This de?nition of temperature can be discussed in another way.From Eq.(21),for a stationary state of(A+B)extremizing R(A+B),we have
(q A?1)dS(A)
i p i(B)=0.(24)
Now using the above mentioned product joint probability and the relationship i p q i=Z1?q+(1?q)βU,we get(1?q A)β(A)dU(A) i p i(B)=0which suggests following energy nonadditivity
(1?q A)dU(A)
i p i(B)=0(25)
as the analogue of the additive energy dU(A)+dU(B)=0of Boltzmann-Gibbs thermodynamics.Eq.(27)and Eq.(28)lead toβ(A)=β(B).
Summarizing the de?nitions of temperature,we haveβp=Z q?1β= Z q?1?S
?U for the normalized expectations
U= i p q i E i with i p q i=1.On the other hand,βp=β=?S
?V T.If we want the pressure to be intensive,V will be nonadditive.This is a delicate choice to make since nonadditive volume is nontrivial and not so easy to be understood as nonadditive energy or entropy.For a standard system,we tend to suppose additive volume as well as additive particle number.However,in view of the fact that the work dW is in general nonadditive,additive volume implies non intensive pressure P,which is impossible if the equilibrium or stationary state is established in the conventional sense for,e.g.a gas of
8
photons or of other particles.So,?rst of all,for the following discussion, let us suppose an intensive pressure P,i.e.,P(A)=P(B)at equilibrium or stationarity.
Intensive P implies nonadditive V.If one wants to suppose additive volume(the real one)and particle number N,V must be regarded as an e?ective volume,as a function of the real volume V p supposed additive.
In this case,a question arises about the nature of the work dW which is no more proportional to the real volume dV p.Is it a real work?Our answer is Yes because dW is supposed to contribute to the energy variation dU or dF according to the?rst law.A possibility to account for this work is that,for a nonextensive or nonadditive system,e.g.,a small system or a heterogeneous system,the surface/interface e?ects on the total energy, compared with the volume e?ect,are not negligible.When the pressure makes a small volume variation dV p,the work may be dW=P dV p+dWσwhere dWσis the part of work related to the surface/interface variation dσ. In general,the relationship dWσ～dσshould depend on the nature and the geometry of the system of interest.If we suppose a simple case where dWσ=αP d(σθ)andσ=γVηp(α,γ,ηandθare certain constants),the work can be written as dW=P dV p+αγP d(Vηθp)=P d[V p+αγVηθp]which means V=V p+αγVηθp.This example shows that a nonadditive e?ective volume can be used for nonextensive systems to write the nonadditive work in the form dW=P dV,just as in the conventional additive thermodynamics. 7.1A de?nition of pressure for NSM
Now let us come back to NSM.To determine the nonadditivity of the e?ective volume V with additive real volume V p,one has to choose a given version of NSM with given nonadditivity of entropy and energy.Without lose of generality,the following discussion will be made within the second formalism of NSM.From the entropy de?nition and nonadditivity Eq.(1)and the energy nonadditivity Eq.(13),we can write,at equilibrium or stationarity, dS(A+B)=[1+(1?q)S(B)]dS(A)+[1+(1?q)S(A)]dS(B)(26)
= i p q i(B) ?S(A)?V(A) U dV(A)
+ i p q i(A) ?S(B)?V(B) U dV(B)
9
= i p q i(B) ?S(A)?U(B) V dU(B)
+ i p q i(B) ?S(A)?V(A) S dV(A)
+ i p q i(A) ?S(B)?V(B) S dV(B)
=β P(A) i p q i(B)dV(A)+P(B) i p q i(A)dV(B) =0.
Here we have used dS(A) i p q i(B)=0,dU(A) i p q i(B)=0[2],and ?S?V S ?S i p q i(A)+dV(B)
i p q i is additive,just as dS i p q i.
It can be checked that this kind of calculation is also possible within other versions of NSM as long as the energy nonadditivity is determined by the product joint probability which is in turn a consequence of the entropy nonadditivity Eq.(1)or Eq.(21)postulated for Tsallis entropy.
7.2About nonadditive photon gas
Now let us suppose a nonadditive photon gas,which is possible when emission body is small.For example,the emission of nanoparticles or of small optical cavity whose surface/interface e?ect may be important.We have seen in the above paragraph that dU,dS and dV should be proportional to each other.This can be satis?ed by U=f(T)V and S=g(T)V.In addition,
we admit the photon pressure given by P=U
3f(T).From the?rst law
dU=T dS?P dV,we obtain
V ?f
?T
dT+gdV)?
1
?T =T?g
3
f=T g leading to1
?T
=4f ?V
)T=(?P
3
?f
in the conventional thermodynamics.This is because the thermodynamic functions here,though nonadditive,are nevertheless“extensive”with respect to the e?ective volume.This result contradicts what has been claimed for blackbody radiation on the basis of non intensive pressure[13],and is valid as far as the pressure is intensive.
Is intensive pressure always true?The?nal answer of course depends on experimental proofs which are still missing as far as we know.If pressure may be non intensive for nonadditive or nonextensive systems,the whole theory of thermodynamics must be reviewed.
8Conclusion
In summery,we have analyzed all the temperature de?nitions of NSM we can actually?nd in the literature.A de?nition of intensive pressure is proposed for nonextensive thermodynamics by using a nonadditive e?ective volume. The thermodynamics of a nonadditive photon gas is discussed on that ba-sis.It is shown from purely thermodynamic point of view that the Stefan-Boltzmann law can be valid within NSM in this case.
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英语面试自我介绍 A类： B: May I come in我可以进来吗 A: Yes, please.请进。 B: How are you doing, Sir My name is xxxx. I am coming to your company for an interview as requested.你好，先生。我叫xxx，我是应邀来贵公司面试的。 A: Fine, thank you for coming. Please take a seat. I am xxxx, the assistant manager.好的，谢谢你过来。请坐，我叫xxxx，是经理助理。 B: Nice to see you, .非常高兴见到你，吴先生。 A: Nice to meet you, too. Tell me about yourself and your past experience. 我也很高兴见到你。说说你自己和你过去的经历吧。 B: I have worked as a secretary for six years. I get along well with peers, clients, administrators and bosses. I thrive on challenge and work well in high-stress environments. 我已经做执行秘书6年了。开始是为一家贸易公司工作.现在是一家信托公司。我和同事、客户、行政管理员以及老板相处得非常好。我能应付挑战，而且在高压力环境中也能工作很出色。 A: So why did you choose our company B:As far as I know, your company is one of several leading international consultant corporations which came to China after China entered WTO. I think working here would give me the best chance to use what I’ve learned. A: Sometimes we are very busy and need to work overtime. How do you feel about that 有时候我们工作很忙。需要加班。你觉得如何 B: That's all right. But could you tell me how often and how many hours I should work overtime 没关系。你能告诉我加班的频率和时间长度吗 A: It just depends. If we have important visiting delegations, you have to stay with us. It's not unusual. 这得看情况。如果我们有重要的访问代表团。你必须留在我们身边。这种情况很正常。 A: What are your salary expectations 你期望多少薪水 B: I really need more information about the job before we start to discuss salary. Maybe you could tell me what is budgeted for the position.
口语对话 1 赶时髦(go after fashion) A: Fashion show is around the corner, I’m so excited! 时装表演即将来临，我很兴奋！ B: Are there any good!这有什么好的！ A: I didn't see anything wrong with the clothes; they looked pretty nice to me. I think you don’t like it! Why?我没看出衣服有任何问题；在我看来它们都很不错。我觉得你不喜欢！为什么？ B: It was dumb. I think it's stupid for women to wear clothes like that. 这是愚蠢的。我认为女人们穿成那样是很愚蠢的。 A: The benevolent see benevolence and the wise see wisdom. 仁者见仁，智者见智。 B: Do you really think people can wear that stuff and walk around the streets? 你真的认为人们可以穿那种东西走在街上？ A: Yes, I do. At least, some people certainly can. They wear high-fashion clothes to show off their sense of style and wealth. 是的，我这样认为。至少，有人一定会。他们穿着时尚的衣服展示他们的时尚感和财富。 B: Well. I still think they're dumb. It makes more sense to spend the money on more practical purposes.我仍然认为他们是愚蠢的。把更多的钱花在更有意义的地方比较实际。 A: So you think it's bad if I wear it?所以你认为我穿成这样很不好吗？B: If you wear it I must speak nice! 如果你穿成这样我一定说它很好看！A: I know you will say that.我就知道你会这样说。 B: Only you know me!知我者非你莫属！ 2 食品安全(food security)
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工作；积极主动和工商、税务、民政、编办等衔接，召开了部门协调会；并成立了以局长*为组长,副局长★为副组长,各科、室、负责人及相关专业人员为成员的基本单位名录库工作领导小组。 二、取得的成绩 （-）变分散为集中 基本单位名录库的建立改变了原来各类定期、不定期报表单位的资料由各专业分散掌握的状况,进行了有效集中统一的管理。 （二）实现与相关部门的联系 通过召开部门联席会,使相关部门充分认识到基本单位名录工作的重要性, 每季度积极配合统计局按时提供完整的名录资料,为名录库的维护和更新提供了基本的保障。 （三）与各专业衔接 在局里召开了关于基本单位名录库工作的会议,名录库关系到各个专业,要求各个专业如有变动必须与名录库维护人员联系,以便及时调整和维护好我县的基本单位名录库的维护，保证单位的信息得以及时的更新。
（四）时时查看名录库 名录库维护人员至少一个星期要查看一次名录库,以便及时发现问题及时处理,并认真审核好每一个单位”确保单位的信息准确无误。 三、存在的问题 通过前期名录维护更新工作，发现*县基本单位名录库工作主要存在以下问题 （—）有名无实的单位填报难度大 目前统计部门更新维护基本单位名录库所需的资料分别是从税务、工商、编制、民政等部门收集过来的,这些部门提供的资料不够完整,如一些单位登记注册地不准确;没有电话号码或者电话号码不准确,这些都给单位的清查带来了很大的难度。 （二）部分企业不配合 在清查过程中,—些企业不支持、不配合。尤其是属于产业活动的单位,如果企业不提供法人单位的资料（组织机构代码、登记注册地、行政区划码等）,将无法纳入名录库,由此造成企业的漏录。 四、建议
关于经典的英语情景口语对话 学习英语的口语训练就是要持之以恒的学习，所以小编今天就给大家分享一下英语口语，欢迎大家收藏 经典的英语情景口语练习 我带你逛街给你买条新裙子 AWhat do you think about this store? I heard it’s a posh store that’s only got branches in big cities. 你觉得这家店怎么样?我听说这是家一流的精品店，只在大城市开分店。 BI love this store. The only problem is that it’s extremely expensive. 我喜欢它!唯一的问题就是价格太贵了。 ADon’t worry. I’ve decided that for your birthday I’m going to take you shopping for a new dress. 别担心。我已经想好了，为了给你庆祝生日，我带你逛街给你买条新裙子。 BReally? I thought you hated shopping? 真的吗?我记得你讨厌逛街吧?
AI do, that’s why you should appreciate this gift! 我是讨厌。所以你该特别珍惜这份礼物! BSure. That’s reallu nice of you. Let’s go in and try some things on. 我当然会的。你真是太好了。咱们进去试穿几件吧。 AHow about this red dress? I think it would really suit you. 这条红裙子怎么样?我觉得它特别适合你。 BThat’s gorgeous! Do they have it in a size 8? 真是太漂亮了!这个有8号的吗? AHere you go.On any other day, it would cost me a fortune, but it’s on special offer today. 给你。要是别的日子，这件会花掉我不少钱，不过今天是特价。 BI think this color isn’t quite right for me. Do they have the same dress in white? 我觉得颜色不是太适合我。这款有白色的吗? ALet me look. Let’s see …they’ve got one in blue, green, pink, black…and white. Here you are. 我找找。咱们看看…有蓝色，绿色，粉色，黑色…还有白色.给你. BThis is perfect! What do you think? 真是太棒了!你觉得怎么样? AI think you look fantastic. Happy Birthday!
英语口语情景对话 一、祝愿、祝贺和应答（Good wishes, congratulations and responses） 1.- Well done and congratulations to you. - Thanks very much. 2.- I hope you‘ll succeed in everything. - So do I. 3.- I wish you success. - Thank you. 4.- We send you our best wishes. - Thank you very much. 5.- Happy new year ! - Happy new year! (The same to you.) 6.- A merry Christmas to you. - Thank you. 7.- I hope you‘ll have a good time. - Thank you. 8.- Happy birthday! - Thank you. 二、邀请和应答（Invitations and responses） 1.- Would you like to come to the party? - Oh yes, thank you. 2.- I hope you can come to the dance next Saturday. - I‘m sorry, but I can‘t. 3.- Will you go dancing with us? - Of course. I‘ll be glad to. 4.- Will you come to our English Evening? - Yes, thank you. 5.- Would you please give us a talk on English Learning? - OK. When? 6.- You and your friends must come over to my house and see mooncakes. - OK. Thank you very much. 三、表示同意和不同意（Expressing agreement and disagreement） 1.- I think the shop is closed at this time of day. - No, I think it‘s open. 2.- I think foreign languages are more interesting than science. - I really can‘t agree with you. I prefer science. 3.- I think I shall read a book instead. - Good idea. That‘s much better than watching a bad TV Programme. 4.- I don‘t think that it‘s true. He‘s always telling strange stories. - I know. But this time I can‘t decide if he is right or not.
Friendship A : Hi~lily! B : moring~ Linda. I haven't seen you for a long t ime .Well, I’m on the way to the classroom, How about you? A : me,too. where will you go? B : D206 for c++ programmer. A : oh,I see. It must be the end of the term,so how about the course? B : pretty busy.i had to finish a big project before tomorrow night. A : so ,Would you like to have a swim for a rest this weenkend? B : That sounds good. Could I take some of my friends together? A : Just fine. Do you know candy? B : yes,she is my classmate,what’s up? A : could you carry her the papers ? she had left them at home yesterday. B : sure . she will have the same lesson with me 1hour later. A : Thanks a lot, I should turn right to the cross now, see you next time. B : All right. See you . After school (放学后的对话) A: are u going home by bus today? B: no, I’ll take the tube A: I’ll go with you
基本单位名录库总结(一) 基本单位名录库工作总结 基本单位名录库维护更新工作自开展以来已有近一年 的时间，在市局的业务精心指导下，在我局领导的高度重视下，此项工作正逐步发展成熟。名录库的内容不断充实，服务功能不断增强，但是，在做好名录库的工作过程中，也发现了许多还待以解决的问题。 2010年我县的基本单位名录库中共有n家，其中法人单位有n家，产业活动单位有n家。2010我县共处理了n家单位，其中法人单位新增n家，变更n 家，注销n家；产业活动单位新增n家，变更n家，注销n家。 现将*县2010年基本单位名录库工作总结如下 一、领导重视 自基本单位名录库建设工作正式开展以来，我局领导高度重视，指定了专人负责此项工作；积极主动和工商、税务、民政、编办等衔接，召开了部门协调会；
并成立了以局长*为组长，副局长*为副组长，各科、室、负责人及相关专业人员为成员的基本单位名录库工作领导小组。 二、取得的成绩 （一）变分散为集中 基本单位名录库的建立改变了原来各类定期、不定期报表单位的资料由各专业分散掌握的状况，进行了有效集中统一的管理。 （二）实现与相关部门的联系 通过召开部门联席会，使相关部门充分认识到基本单位名录工作的重要性，每季度积极配合统计局按时提供完整的名录资料，为名录库的维护和更新提供了基本的保障。 （三）与各专业衔接 在局里召开了关于基本单位名录库工作的会议，名录库关系到各个专业，要求各个专业如有变动必须与名录库维护人员联系，以便及时调整和维护好我县的基本单位名录库的维护，保证单位的信息得以及时的更新。
（四）时时查看名录库 名录库维护人员至少一个星期要查看一次名录库，以便及时发现问题及时处理，并认真审核好每一个单位，确保单位的信息准确无误。 三、存在的问题 通过前期名录维护更新工作，发现*县基本单位名录库工作主要存在以下问题 （一）有名无实的单位填报难度大 目前统计部门更新维护基本单位名录库所需的资料分别是从税务、工商、编制、民政等部门收集过来的，这些部门提供的资料不够完整，如一些单位登记注册地不准确；没有电话号码或者电话号码不准确，这些都给单位的清查带来了很大的难度。 （二）部分企业不配合 在清查过程中，一些企业不支持、不配合。尤其是属于产业活动的单位，如果企业不提供法人单位的资料（组织机构代码、登记注册地、行政区划码等），将无法纳入名录库，由此造成企业的漏录。
关于经典的英语情景口语对话 经典的英语情景口语练习 我带你逛街给你买条新裙子 AWhat do you think about this store? I heard it’s a posh store that’s only got branches in big cities. 你觉得这家店怎么样?我听说这是家一流的精品店，只在大城市开分店。 BI love this store. The only problem is that it’s extremely expensive. 我喜欢它!唯一的问题就是价格太贵了。 ADon’t worry. I’ve decided that for your birthday I’m going to take you shopping for a new dress. 别担心。我已经想好了，为了给你庆祝生日，我带你逛街给你买条新裙子。 BReally? I thought you hated shopping? 真的吗?我记得你讨厌逛街吧? AI do, that’s why you should appreciate this gift! 我是讨厌。所以你该特别珍惜这份礼物! BSure. That’s reallu nice of you. Let’s go in and try some things on. 我当然会的。你真是太好了。咱们进去试穿几件吧。 AHow about this red dress? I think it would really suit you. 这条红裙子怎么样?我觉得它特别适合你。 BThat’s gorgeous! Do they have it in a size 8? 真是太漂亮了!这个有8号的吗? AHere you go.On any other day, it would cost me a fortune, but it’s on special offer today. 给你。要是别的日子，这件会花掉我不少钱，不过今天是特价。
Discuss the generation gap A: hi. B: hi, why are you so sleepy now. A: I slept very late last night. B: what did you do? Why you slept so late. A: I was chatting with my grandma on QQ. B: really? So faddish is your grandma. A: not really. This summer I left my hometown to attend college, she said she would miss me very much, then I told her that we can talk with each other on line. B: then you taught her how to use QQ? A: before that I taught her pinyin and surfing the internet. B: you really a patient girl, aren’t you? A: the first time I chatted with grandma, I thought more than that, I was proud of myself, but now I really regretted what I had done. B: why? Isn’t it interesting to chat with your family? A: you know, we have different background, when I referred to many things, I had to explain to her in detail, what I did in the most of time I spend on talking with her is explaining, it’s boring. B: the feeling is mutual, I ever told my mother the word “diaosi”, then she kept asking me what is that, I tried my best to make it clear, after a very long time, I suddenly realized that all I did is in vain. A: maybe this is what is called generation gap. There is always some troubles for both of us to communicate with each other. B: and what’s more, they always want to make clear what we are doing. Sometimes we are glad to tell them, just to find that they don’t understand at all. What’s worse, we don’t like to be controlled by others, we cry for freedom. Maybe that is why we often quarrel with our family. A: and they define us as treason. B: yes, that is what I can’t accept, we live in different condition, we just have some characteristics to suit to this condition. They always define all we have that is different from them as bad thing, and try to write them off. A: don’t be so pessimistic, they just want to show their concern for us, they both want to make us better. Pay more consideration for each other, the situation will improve. B: I hope so.
对做好基本单位名录库维护工作的思考 对做好基本单位名录库维护工作的思考 基本单位名录是社会经济的实体库，包括法人单位、产业活动单位和个体经营户。他是政府各部门管理社会事务的有效名片，是统计内部各项调查的基础。全面、真实、及时的单位名录对社会各受益群体起到至关重要的作用。 基本单位名录维护工作是利用经济普查资料或部门审批登记的行政记录对经济实体库进行增减和变动处理，包括的内容有基本信息、属性信息和数据信息共50多项。经济普查年份，一般采用“地毯”式清查对所辖区域内的所有经济实体进行清理，对其各种信息进行逐一核实最终形成完整的单位名录库，普查每5年进行一次。非普查年份，每年分两次从质监、工商、地税、国税、民政、编委等部门取得增减、变更的各种行政记录，并以此为依据，依靠基层统计人员，主要是县区名录和乡镇统计人员按照清单，深入企业进行调查核实，最终完成信息的维护工作。按照分步建设“三上”企业调查单位库和“三下”企业及非企业单位名录库的思路进行，最终建成一个全国统一完整、不重不漏、真实准确、及时更新的基本单位名录库。基本单位名录库坚持“全国统一管理、专业分工协作、地方分级负责、各方共同参与、信息资料共享”的原则，按照“统一标准、一库在线、分级维护、及时更新”的模式，遵循“各项统计调查必须使用统一的名录库作为调查单位库或抽样框，不在名录库中的单位不得列入专业统计调查范围”的要求。 普查年份，经济普查涉及面广、工作量大，是国家制定的一项定
期的专项普查，各级政府、部门给予高度重视，都将倾注大量的人力、物力和财力来完成此项工作，对名录库的更新维护起到关键性的作用。然而非普查年份，无论是工作力度还是社会关注和支持度都大大降低，对维护工作带来很多困难，具体表现在以下方面： 一、我市基本单位名录库现状 曲靖市统计局一直都高度重视基本单位名录库工作，20XX年成立了以局长任组长的曲靖市基本单位名录库工作领导小组，统一领导全市基本单位名录维和三上企业比对工作。尤其是今年国家统计局提出的建设统计系统“四大工程”以来，曲靖市统计局更是把基本单位名录维护工作对当作一项重要工作来抓。今年3月初，曲靖市统计局出台了《曲靖市基本单位名录库管理办法》，为科学、有效地做好曲靖市基本单位名录库管理工作，加强“三上”企业统计工作，充分开发和利用基本单位名录库信息，加强统计管理和统计调查提供服务夯实了基础，为建设“四大工程”做好基础。 截至20XX年10月，我市基本单位名录库中共有单位24896户，基中：法人单位16311户，产业活动单位8585户，分别占单位总量的65.5%和34.5%。其中：单产业法人单位15045户，多产业法人单位1267户，法人单位比20XX年增加1701户，增长11%； 产业活动单位比20XX年增加171个，增长2.03%。共有“三上”企业1008户，其中工业389户，建筑业199户，房地产185户，批发零售住宿餐饮业235户。 二、我市基本单位名录库建设维护中存在的问题 1、部门数据量大，基础统计力量薄弱，任务繁重 基本单位名录库的数据搜集涉及到工商、国税、地税、编办、民
英语生活日常情景口语对话 导读：我根据大家的需要整理了一份关于《英语生活日常情景口语对话》的内容，具体内容：学习好英语在很多地方都是有需要的，下面我就给大家整理了英语的情景口语对话，大家快来看看吧A picnic野餐ChinChin: I love g... 学习好英语在很多地方都是有需要的，下面我就给大家整理了英语的情景口语对话，大家快来看看吧 A picnic 野餐 ChinChin: I love going on a picnic to the mountain! ChinChin: Mimi,have some fruit. ChinChin: They are really fresh. Mimi: Thank you. Mimi: Its a lot of fun! Costa: Fun? Costa: Who is having fun? Costa: Hmmm. Look at that fruit. Costa: I want to have some too. Costa: Hey,red wolf! Costa: Scared them and bring that fruit to me! Samsik: Hey,give me the fruit!
Samsik: My master wants it. ChinChin: Your master? ChinChin: That must be Costa! ChinChin: Hey, Suri Suri,I need your help. Suri: Yes,sir! Costa: Oops,I lost again... 晨晨：我喜欢去山上野餐! 晨晨：咪咪，吃一些水果。 晨晨：它们真的很新鲜。 咪咪：谢谢你。 咪咪：这真有趣! 科斯达：有趣? 科斯达：谁玩得开心了? 科斯达：嗯。看看那些水果。 科斯达：我也想要一些。 科斯达：嘿，红太狼! 科斯达：去吓走他们，把水果给我带过来! 桑姆斯克：嘿，把水果给我! 桑姆斯克：我的主人想要得到它。 晨晨：你的主人? 晨晨：那一定是科斯达! 晨晨：嘿，苏瑞苏瑞，我需要你的帮助。
精选面试英语口语对话 ①I：what is your major？ A：My major is Business Administration. I am especially interested in“Marketing”。 ②I：Which university are you attending？ A：I am attending×××University.③I：Have you received any degrees？ A：Yes. First， I received my Bachelor degree in English Literature，and then an MBA degree.④I：What course did you like best？ A：Project Management. I was very interested in this course when I was a student. And I think it‘s very useful for my present wor k.⑤I：Do you feel that you have received a good general training？ A：Yes， I have studied in an English train-ing program and a computer training program since I graduated from university. I am currently studying Finance at a training school. （6）I：Your resume says you have had one-year experience working in a foreign representative office in Shanghai， may I ask why you left？ A：I worked in a foreign rep.office for one year.However，I left there two years ago because the work they gave me was rather dull.I found another job that is more interesting.
三年级英语口语练习经典对话 一、交际 1.Hello, ?你好。 2.Hi, ?喂，你好。 3.G ood morning/ afternoon/evening.早上 /下午 /晚上好。 4.H ow are you(this morning/afternoon/evening)?你今天好吗？ 5.F ine, thank you/ thanks.我很好，谢谢。 6.N ot bad, thank you.不错，谢谢。 7.W elcome back to school.欢迎回到学校来。 8.W elcome to our school.欢迎到我们学校来。 9.Happy birthday!生日快乐！ 10.What ’s your name, please?你的名字是什么? 11. Your name, please?你叫什么名字？ 12.My name is ?/ I ’m?我的名字是? / 我名叫? 13.This is Miss/ Mr/ Mrs?这位是?小姐/先生/女士。 14.This is my friend.这是我的朋友。 https://www.doczj.com/doc/742780775.html,e and meet my friends.过来见见我的朋友们。 16. How do you do?你好。 17.Nice to meet /see you.很高兴认识 /见到你。 18.Goodbye. 再见 19.Good night.晚安。 20.How old is he?他多大了？ 21. Thank you./ Thanks.谢谢。 22.You ’re welcome. 不用谢。 23.That ’s all right. 没关系。 24.I ’m sorry. 对不起。 25.Sorry, I don ’tknow. 对不起，我不知道。 26.Excuse me. 对不起，打扰一下。 https://www.doczj.com/doc/742780775.html,e in, please.请进。 28.Have some bananas, please.请吃些香蕉。 29.It ’s time for the cakes.该吃些蛋糕了。 30.May I come in?我可以进来吗？ 32. May I have yours?我能吃你的吗？ 33. Can I have two cakes?我能吃两个蛋糕吗？ 34.No, you can ’t. 不，你不能。 35.Can I have one ， please? 我能吃一个吗？ 36.Yes./All right. Here you are.好的。给你。 37.Can I go with you?我能和你一起走吗？ 38.Sure. 好的。 39.Do you know his telephone number?你知道他的电话号码吗？
小学英语口语情景对话 Company number：【WTUT-WT88Y-W8BBGB-BWYTT-19998】
小学英语口语情景对话情景一 模板对话： Is this your football Yes, it is. Thank you. May I use it Please! Sure! No! it isn't. It is my hat. Here you are. Thank you very much. 对话一： Robbie, is this your football Yes it is. Thank you. Is this your hat, Robby Yes it is. thank you . 对话二： Is this your nice cake Yes it is. May I use it Please! thank you. Is this your ink bottle Yes it is. May I use it Sure. 对话三： Is this your hat, Mr White No! it isn't. Is this your football No! it isn't. 对话四： Is this your hat Yes it is. It is my hat. Here you are.
Thank you very much! Is this your glass No it isn't It is my glass. Here you are. Thank you very much! 情景二 模板对话： What's this It's a cake. What's that It's an orange. Are you hungry Oh! nice. May I have some Excuse me! Is that your apple May I have it 对话一： What's this Edda It's a cake. What's that It's an orange. 对话二： Edda! are you hungry Yes, what's this It's a cake. Oh! nice. 对话三： Mom, What's this It's a melon. May I have some Of course. 对话四： Excuse me, Is that your apple May I have it Please!
A: Hey xiaohan, have you heard that a student of FuDan University was murdered by his roommate? B: Yes, I have. I was shocked when I first heard the news. I even can’t image that a college student is killed by his roommate, they should be the best friends. A:So, who do you think should take the responsibility for this? B: Uh, The various factors causing problem, but I think the most important reason is that we have pay to much attention to students’ academic achievement, and have ignored the students’ psychological health education. A:I couldn’t agree more with you,there is no denying that as more and more students go to college for further educationpsychological problems are becoming serious among the college students. Especially for the freshmen, who are unadapted to the new surroundings of college life and at a loss for the new environment, is easier to sufferfrom psychological problem. B: I agree totally. And as far as I am concerned, college students are in the social-changing stage,their ways of dealing with problems andpersonal value are in contradiction with the social requirement. What’s more, various of temp tation coming from the society makes them suffer from the role conflict.
浅谈基本单位名录库管理维护工作 基本单位名录库是包含辖区内所有法人单位和产业活动单位的基本标识、主要属性、基本状态和主要经济指标等信息资料的数据库。科学管理基本单位名录库是有效开展统计调查、确保统计数据质量的基础。随着国家统计局统计工作现代化“四大工程”建设的不断推进，基本单位名录库基础作用的重要性也日益凸显。 一、基本单位名录库的作用 基本单位名录库是进行联网直报的“字典库”。基本单位名录库具有鉴别统计调查单位基本属性，界定单位报表类别的功能。单位必须在名录库中存在，且通过“四上”审批程序对企业基本信息审核通过之后，才能进入企业一套表平台。这种“要有数、先进库，要进库、走程序”的原则，能有效保证进入企业一套表单位来源的可靠性、真实性，同时从源头上避免企业数据专业间、地区间重复。 基本单位名录库是抽选样本和推算总体的“样本框”。名录库是规模以下工业、限额以下贸易业等各种抽样调查的样本平台，为样本轮换提供总体样本框，利用样本资料和名录库资料才能科学推断总体情况。 基本单位名录库是核查各类普查单位的“清单”。对各项普查活动来讲，基本单位名录库是准确确定普查对象总体、规范各类普查表实施范围的基础，是保证普查工作有序推进的必要条件。 基本单位名录库是开展统计服务的“基石”。通过基本单位的总
体状况，分析基本单位的地区分布、行业布局和产业结构等情况，形成政府进行宏观决策的基础信息库。这些基础信息是政府制定经济政策、调整经济结构、规划城乡建设的重要依据。 二、我县基本单位名录库管理维护工作现状 在非普查年份，省局根据税务部门按季度提供的企业纳税信息分区县进行整理，与工商信息合并整理后下发到县区。县统计局普查中心充分利用相关部门提供和专业调查获得的季度新增、变更、注销资料，按乡镇进行分解，及时反馈给乡镇。并按照分级负责、共同维护的工作机制，对全县新增单位进行调查、录入，对变更单位的各项指标进行维护，对注销单位的资料进行核实剔除，对跨地区、跨专业的单位重复问题进行处理，确保名录库管理维护的及时性、准确性和完整性。同时，结合名录库更新情况，进一步规范流程、强化责任，加强部门协作，做好“一套表”调查单位月度审批入库的工作。县统计局及时协调申报过程中出现的问题，严格把关审批资料，确保上报单位资料的准确性，确保符合条件的企业及时入库。 三、基本单位名录库管理维护中存在的主要问题 （一）部门软件通用性低，部门资源共享共建难度大。目前，统计部门更新维护名录库，所用资料主要从编办、民政、国税、地税、工商五部门收集。各部门根据自己的职能范围，建立了不同的单位信息库。但由于各部门的独立性、特殊性，各自使用的信息系统不一致，各部门基本单位的定义标准不统一和基本单位名录库指