介词短语介词是一种用来表示词与词, 词与句之间的关系的词。在句中不能单独作句字成分。介词后面一般有名词代词或相当于名词的其他词类，短语或从句作它的宾语。介词和它的宾语构成介词词组，在句中作状语，表语，补语，定语或介词宾语。at ,in, on, to
at (1)表示在小地方; (2)表示“在……附近，旁边”
in (1)表示在大地方; (2)表示“在…范围之内”。
on 表示毗邻，接壤
to 表示在……范围外，不强调是否接壤
He arrived at the station at ten.
He is sitting at the desk.
He arrived in Shanghai yesterday.
Jiangsu lies in the east of China.
Russia live on the north of China.
Fujian is to the south of Jiangsu Province.
2)above, over, on 在……上
above 指在……上方,不强调是否垂直，与below相对；
over指垂直的上方,与under相对,但over与物体有一定的空间，不直接接触。
on表示某物体上面并与之接触。
The bird is flying above my head.
There is a bridge over the river.
He put his watch on the desk.
3)below, under 在……下面
under表示在…正下方
below表示在……下，不一定在正下方
There is a cat under the table.
Please write your name below the line.
(1. B 2. C 3. B 4. A 5. A 6. C 7. B 8. D )
1.After John’s father died, John ______
A. decided to get married first
B. decided to pay for the farm first
C. did not know what to do
D. decided never to get married
2. When Sally said she thought John wrote the poem himself, he ______.
A. said he wrote it himself
B. said he just learned it from a book
C. said nothing
D. knew his wife was laughing at him
3. John could speak the poems because ______.
A. he had learned them before they got married
B. he learned the poems from an old book
C. he wrote them himself
D. his friend told him
4. When Sally heard the poems, ______.
A. she was happy
B. she was sad
C. she did not like John
D. she was angry
5. John spoke the words of poems to Sally ______
A. to make her happy
B. to show how clever he was
C. to teach her how to write poems
D. to make her love him
6. When Joanna grew up, ______.
A. she wanted to become an engineer
B. she wanted to stay on the farm
C. she wanted to teach English poems
D. she wanted to write poems
7. When Sally learned about the truth, ______.
A. she was very angry
B. she decided to keep it a secret from John
C. she decided to ask John about it
D. she did not love John any more
8. From the text, we can see that ______.
A. at last John knew that his wife had learned the truth about his poems
B. his wife was sure that he had written the last poem himself
C. John learned his last poem to his wife from the book
D. the poem was the first and only poem he had made himself
巧用介词表方位
当我们在谈论物品的位置关系时，常用下列表达方式：
1. —— Where's Sandy's sweater? 桑迪的毛衣在哪儿？
—— It's on the bed. 在床上。
2. —— Is the football under the chair? 足球在椅子下面吗？
—— Yes, it is. 是的，是在椅子下面。
3. —— Is Shenzhen near Taiwan Or Hong Kong? 深圳在台湾附近还是在香港附近？—— It's near Hong Kong. 在香港附近。
(1) on 表示在某物的上面，指与某物体相接触。如：
The map of China is on the wall. 中国地图挂在墙上。
His coat is on the chair. 他的上衣在椅子上。
(2) under 表示在某物垂直的正下方，两者之间不接触。如：
My pen is under the desk. 我的钢笔在桌子下。
(3) behind 表示在某物的后面。如：
There is a tree behind the house. 房子后面有棵树。
(4) in 表示在场所、地点或位置里，意为―在……之内‖、―在……里面‖。如：
Your pencil is in the pencil-box. 你的铅笔在铅笔盒里。
Nanjing is in Jiangsu Province. 南京在江苏省。
(5) in front of 表示―在……的前面‖，与behind 恰好相反。如：
My sister stands in front of my father. 我妹妹站在我父亲前面。
(6) near 表示在某物的附近，意为―接近，靠近‖。如：
My house is near the lake. 我的房子位于湖畔。
(7) over 表示在某物的垂直正上方，与under 正好相反。如：
The light is over the desk. 灯在课桌的正上方。
[ 问题爷爷] 魔力宝贝，―书在桌子上‖一句译为英文时是― The book on the desk. ‖吗？
[ 魔力宝贝] 简直大错特错。凡是in 、on 、under 、near 、behind 、in front of 、over 等介词后面加名词表示方位时，不要忘掉动词― be ‖。上句应说成：The book is on the desk. 这与汉语的表达形式有所不同。
[ 问题爷爷] 魔力宝贝，你真了不起，所有难题你都能迎刃而解。所谓―活到老，学到老（It's never too old to learn. ）‖，问题爷爷真是跟你学到了不少东西。
[ 魔力宝贝] 谢谢夸奖。同学们课后有时间一定要把已学的表方位的介词短语归纳一下，集中记忆将会助你学习成功。
() 1. China lies _______ the east of Asia and ______ the north of Australia.
A. to; to
B. in; to
C. to; in
D. in; on
() 2. ______ the afternoon of March 8, the women in the city had a big party.
A. To
B. In
C. At
D. On
() 3. We all agree _______ you. Let’s start at once.
A. to
B. for
C. with
D. on
() 4. Where’s Lily? We are all here _______ her.
A. besides
B. about
C. except
D. with
() 5. Does your father go to work, _______ foot or _______ bike?
A. on; with
B. with; on
C. by; on
D. on; by
() 6. Lucy was _______ duty yesterday, but she forgot to clean the classroom.
A. in
B. on
C. at
D. of
() 7. Timmy goes to school _______ every day. It’s 5 minutes’ walk from his home to school.
A. in a bus
B. by plane
C. on foot
D. by boat
() 8. Mum, today is Mother’s Day. Mike an d I want to invite you to have dinner ___ ____ us at Shanghai Restaurant, which is famous _______ its seafood.
A. with; of
B. with; for
C. for; to
D. to; for
() 9. He has got a chair to sit _______, but nobody to talk _______.
A. on; to
B. /; with
C. on; /
D. /; to
() 10. Jack has studied Chinese in this school _______ the year of 2000.
A. since
B. in
C. on
D. by
() 11. –How are you going to the train station to meet your aunt?
--I’m going there _______ my car.
A. by
B. in
C. to
D. on
() 12. Andy often helps her mother ________ the housework on Sunday afternoon.
A. to
B. with
C. for
D. of
() 13. –You’d better not go out now. it’s raining.
--It doesn’t matter. My new coat can keep _______ rain.
A. in
B. of
C. with
D. off
()14. English is widely used ________ travelers and business people all over the world
A. to
B. for
C. as
D. by
() 15. My sister usually thinks _______ her own language first. Then she turns her w ords into English.
A. by
B. in
C. with
D. through
() 16. –It’s kind _______ you to come to see me.
--It’s a pleasure. You were so kind _______ me.
A. of; with
B. for; with
C. of; to
D. for; to
() 17. –Is the manager in?
--Sorry, he is out. But he will be back _______ three o’clock.
A. in
B. on
C. until
D. before
() 18. _______ the age of fifteen, she had written scores of articles for a newspaper.
A. At
B. Before
C. Since
D. By
() 19. In China, the price of TV sets has been reduced ________ 30% in the last thre
e years.
A. on
B. by
C. with
D. for
() 20. When you called on me, I was _______ a visit to Mr Smith.
A. on
B. at
C. in
D. to
() 21. –Bob, you are wanted _______ the phone.–Thanks a lot.
A. on
B. by
C. of
D. for
() 22. The soil is made _______ the dead leaves of the trees.
A. up of
B. of
C. from
D. by
() 23. I didn’t have any breakfast _______ a cup of milk.
A. besides
B. except for
C. except
D. for
() 24. We’re sure you’ll be famous _______ a writer before long.
A. as
B. for
C. with
D. by
() 25. The writer often sat up far into the night working _______ a new novel.
A. for
B. on
C. with
D. in
() 26. You look tired. ________ working indoors you should be out for a walk.
A. Ahead of
B. Instead of
C. In front of
D. In spite of
() 27. You must stand _______ line when you are waiting _______ a bus.
A. on; in
B. in; for
C. in; on
D. on; for
() 28. Man landed on the moon in 1969 for the first time. Have you ever heard ____ __ it?
A. on
B. to
C. of
D. from
() 29. It’s very nice ______ you to get me two tickets _______ the World Cup.
A. for; of
B. of; for
C. to; for
D. of; to
() 30. The woman feels worried _______ her sick baby.
A. for
B. to
C. on
D. about
() 31. –What do you think of the report on the UFOs?
Great! Many students were interested in it and they kept on standing ______ the end of t he meeting.
A. until
B. in
C. at
D. by
() 32. Have you got any books _______ science?
A. at
B. about
C. of
D. in
() 33. She likes reading _______ many different subjects.
A. of
B. at
C. on
D. in
() 34. Mr Wang is very strict. His students are afraid _______ him.
A. at
B. of
C. about
D. to
() 35. This story happened _______ the last few years.
A. at
B. since
C. during
D. for
() 36. We should do something to stop sandstorms ______ happening again and again.
A. from
B. on
C. by
D. to
() 37. China became a WTO member _______ December 11th , 2001.
A. on
B. in
C. at
D. of
() 38. There’s a smile on her face. I think she’s _______ my work.
A. sorry for
B. worried about
C. pleased with
D. afraid of
答案：
1—5 BDCCD 6—10 BCBAA 11—15 BBDDB 16—20 CDABA 21—25 ACCAB 26—30 BBCBD 31—35 ABCBC 36—38 AAC
语法专练(方位介词)1.基础练习 一、方位介词in,on,beside ,under ,above next to ,in front of ,behind ,between 选词填空 1.Beijing is______the north of China . 2.The twins usually stand ____their parents ,and their parents are in the middle . 3.There is a map of China __________ the wall of our classroom. 4.Before 2000,there was no airline _________the two cities. 5.The boy sitting __________Tina,so she couldn’t see the film clearly. 6.She will leave her homework __________ the teacher ‘s desk after school today. 7.You must ride your bike ___________ the right side of the road. 8.Me Smith lives __________ that building.His house is ___________ the fifth floor. 9.There was an exciting moment in our class when a large bird flew _____ the room. 10.The boy is taller than his friend,so he sits ___________ him in the classroom. 11.The flowers are ________ the vase on the desk. 12.She is the tallest one.She always sits ________ the back row. 13.He put a painting on the wall __________ the sofa. 14.The teacher’s desk is __________ the front of the classroom. 二、选择题 ( ) 1 The boat is passing___ the bridge. A. through B. below C. under D. across ( ) 2 Two planes are flying___ the city. A. through B. over , C. on , D, below ( ) 3 We can see a river running to the east____ the hill. A. under B. below C. over D. on ( ) 4 Do you see the kite ___ the building. A. over B. cross C. on D. above
英语中方位介词用法 介词是一种用来表示词与词, 词与句之间的关系的词。在句中不能单独作句字成分。介词后面一般有名词代词或相当于名词的其他词类，短语或从句作它的宾语。介词和它的宾语构成介词词组，在句中作状语，表语，补语，定语或介词宾语。at ,in, on, to at (1)表示在小地方; (2)表示“在……附近，旁边” in (1)表示在大地方; (2)表示“在…范围之内”。 on 表示毗邻，接壤 to 表示在……范围外，不强调是否接壤 He arrived at the station at ten. He is sitting at the desk. He arrived in Shanghai yesterday. Jiangsu lies in the east of China. Russia live on the north of China. Fujian is to the south of Jiangsu Province. 2)above, over, on 在……上 above 指在……上方,不强调是否垂直，与 below相对; over指垂直的上方,与under相对,但over与物体有一定的空间，不直接接触。 on表示某物体上面并与之接触。 The bird is flying above my head. There is a bridge over the river. He put his watch on the desk. 3)below, under 在……下面 under表示在…正下方 below表示在……下，不一定在正下方 There is a cat under the table.
介词in，on，to 表示方位的用法 介词in，on，to 都可以用来表示某个位置的方向，它们的意义不同，故表示的方向及范围也不同： 1. in 表示方位，含义是“在……之内”，即一个小地方处在一个大地方的范围(疆域)之内。例如： China is in the east of Asia. 中国在亚洲东部。(中国是亚洲的一个国家，处于亚洲的范围之内) Guilin is in the north of Guangxi. 桂林在广西北部。(桂林是广西的一座城市) Taiwan lies in the east of China. 台湾在中国的东部。(台湾是中国东部的一个省份，是中国的领土，在中国的疆域之内) Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国的东部。(上海是中国的一个行政区域，在中国的疆域之内) The plant can be seen only in the north of Canada. 那种植物只有在加拿大北部才看得到。(暗指这种植物只生长在加拿大北部地区) The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳东升西落。 说明：表示某个地方的地理位置时，be，lie 以及be located 的意义是一样的，可以互换使用。 2. on 表示方位，含义是“在……端/边”，即一个地方在另一个地方的某一端或某一边，两个地方只是相邻或接壤，却互不管辖。例如： Guangdong Province is on the southeast of Guangxi. 广东省在广西的东南边。(广东省与广西在地理位置上是连在一起的，即两者相邻，却互不管辖) China faces the Pacific on the east. 中国东临太平洋。(中国与太平洋相邻) The country is bounded on the west by the sea.那个国家西边与海接界。(暗指该国为沿海国家) Sichuan Province is on the north of Guizhou Province. 四川省在贵州省的北边。(四川省与贵州省在地理上也是连在一起的，但互不管辖) 3. to 表示方位，含义是“在……面”，即一个地方在另一个地方的范围之外，互不管辖。尤其当两个地方相隔较远，且有湖泊、大海等区域相隔时，通常用to。例如： Japan is to the east of China. 日本在中国的东面。(日本在中国范围之外，且有日本海分隔) Taiwan is to the southeast of Fujian Province. 台湾在福建省的东南面。(台湾在福建省的范围之外，且两者之间有台湾海峡分隔)
英语方位介词教案 -CAL-FENGHAI-(2020YEAR-YICAI)_JINGBIAN
Unit 2 In the classroom Part 2a,2b&3 Teaching Aims: 1.Students can know the locative preposition, can read and use the following locative preposition: in, on ,behind ,under ,in front of . 2.Students can point the right pictures according to the locative preposition that they heard. Students can number the pictures correctly according to the tape, and can write the correct prepositions below each picture. 3.Student can communicate with the following sentences: Where is …… It’s ……. Teaching Aids: pictures, cards , tape recorder , PPT , ball , box Teaching Time: 1 lesson Teaching Procedures: 一．Warming Up. 1.Review : Go over the words in the classroom. Go over the sentences: What’s this It’s a …… What about this It’s a …… 2.Lead in : T: Today ,Let’s continue to learn Unit 2—In the classroom . Blackboard the title ,read it together. Introduce ball and box.二．Presentation and Practice 1.Show the new prepositions: in, on, under, behind, in front of 2.The teacher uses the body language to let the student know the meaning of the words. 3.Teach to read the words. 4.Practice the words. 5.Listen to the tape for the first time, to feel the locative preposition. Try to point the correct picture according to the tape. 6.Listen again, and number the pictures. 7.Check the answers. 8.Show the sentences: Where is …… It’s on/…… the …….
初中英语重难点之“方位”介词 介词的种类很多。在初中英语中，有许多表示事物存在的方向和位置的介词，我们称之为方位介词。如in（在……里），behind (在……后面)，down (向下)等等。其中有些方位介词的意义比较接近，在用法上很难区分，如on, over, above 都有“在……之上”的意思，但含义却不尽相同。我们可以用三个图示配以简短的文字叙述来说明这三个介词的不同用法。 on over above 通过这种方法，我们很容易掌握这三个介词的用法。现将初中英语教材中的部分方位介词用图示的方法归纳列举如下: (强调与物体的表面相接触)
几组方位介词的区别 方位介词in, on, to的区别： 1.in表示"在……范围内”，还表示“在…之中” Chongqing lies in the southwest of China. 2.on表示“与……毗邻，接壤” Canada lies on the north of America. 3.to表示方位，不接壤 Hunan lies to the east of Zhejiang. 表示地点位置的介词： 1.at, in, on, to at 用于小地方，at school, at home
In 用于大地方，in Beijing, in China On在……上面，on the map, on the table To到……To Chongqing 2.Above, over, on Above在……上方（高过另一个物体，不强调垂直） The airplane flies above that tall building.（不在正上方） over在……上方（垂直上方） The bridge spans over the river. On在……上面（物体表面有接触） There's some water on the floor, so you should be careful. 3.Below, under在……下面 Under在……下（正下方） The cat lies under the chair.（正下方） Below在……下（不一定是正下方） The cat lies under the chair.（不是正下方） 4.in front of, in the front of 在……的前面 in front of 在外部的前面，两个东西是独立的，相反的是behind The building is in front of the hospital. The building is behind the hospital.
英语中表示上下方位的介词 1. above, over都可表示“在…之上”。above一般表示“在上面，高于”，不一定垂直；over表示在…正上方,强调垂直在…之上。 A big apple hangs over me. 在我的头顶上悬挂着一只大苹果。 over表示垂直在…之上 There are many apples hanging above me. 在我的上方悬挂着很多苹果。 above，在…之上，不一定垂直 2. above只表示上下位置，而over则表示“越过，通过”以及“笼罩，盖起来”或“遍及全面”的意思。 The sun rose above the horizon.
太阳升过地平线上了。 above，在…之上，指上下位置 The sun shone over the valley. 阳光普照山谷。 over，笼罩，遍及全面 3. below, under, beneath皆可表示在…之下。below表示非垂直并不与表面接触的下方；under表示垂直并不与表面接触的下方；beneath表示在某物之下，几乎接触或接近。 There is a lake below the mountain. 此山下有个湖。 below，在…之下（非垂直） I want to have a rest under the tree.
我想在树下休息一会儿。 under表示（垂直）在…之下 I found an ant beneath the rock. 我在岩石下找到了一只蚂蚁。 beneath，在…之下（几乎接触） 4. 总结：above（在…上）与below（在…下）在意义上是相对的，相同点是，两者都表示物体位置上或下不垂直的关系；over（在…上）与under（在…下）在意义上是相对的，相同点是，两者都表示物体位置上或下垂直的关系。
概念引入 本单元学习介词＋定冠词the＋名词构成介词短语的用法，介词后面可以跟名词和代词 做宾语，构成介词短语。今天我们主要学习一下用来表示方位的介词和介词短语。 1. on 介词on表示“在某物之上”的意思，它通常表示一个物体在另一个物体之表面上面。两者之间有接触。 例如：Your book is on the desk. 你的书在课桌上面。 There is a ball on the floor. 地板上有个球。 拓展：above 和 over的区别 on指的有接触面的上面，但是over和above都是没有接触面的上面。 over“在……正上方”，与under相对。 例如：There is a bridge over the river. 河上有一座桥。 The picture is hanging over the blackboard. 那张图挂在黑板的正上方。 above只表示“在……上方或位置高出……”，不一定是正上方，与below相对。 例如：A plane flew above our heads. 一架飞机从我们头上飞过。 The Turners live above us. 特纳一家人住在我们的上面。 2. in 介词in表示“在某物的里面”，它通常表示一个物体在另外一个物体的内部、中间或者在某个范围之内。 例如：Your pen is in the pencil case. 你的钢笔在铅笔盒里面。 She is the tallest in her class. 她是她们班最高的。 3. under 介词under表示“在某物的下面”，它通常表示一个物体在另外一个物体的垂直正下面，两者之间没有接触。 例如：My bike is under the tree. 我的自行车在树的下面。 The shoes are under the chair. 鞋在椅子的下面。 拓展：under和below 的区别 under表示“在……之下”，通常表示位置处于正下方，与介词over“在……上方”相对应。 例如：There is a book under the table. 桌子下面有一本书。 A cat is sitting under the table.一只猫在桌子下面。 below表示“在……之下”，“在……的下游”，与介词above相对应，常指在某物体之下，但不一定在该物的正下方。 例如：He is below the average at school.他的学习成绩在水准以下。
小学英语方位介词练习题 一、用以下方位介词in, on, beside ,under，above，next to , in front of , behind , between，into填空 1.Beijing is______the north of China . 2.The twins usually stand ____their parents ,and their parents are in the middle . 3.There is a map of China __________ the wall of our classroom. 4.Before000,there was no airline _________the two cities. 5.The boy sitting __________Tina, so she couldn’t see the film clearly. 6.She will leave her homework __________ the teacher ‘s desk after school today. 7.You must ride your bike ___________ the right side of the road. 8.Mr Smith lives __________ that building. His house is ___________ the fifth floor. 9.There was an exciting moment in our class when a large bird flew _____ the room. 10.The boy is taller than his friend, so he sits ___________ him in the classroom.
隐喻一词源于希腊语，原意为转化、变化。英语“metaphor ”出现在1533年，意指一种修辞格。西方对隐喻的研究历史大致可归结为两种：一是起源于亚里士多德的古典派，二是以英国浪漫主义诗人华兹华斯、雪莱和柯勒律治等为代表的浪漫派。许多学者对隐喻从不同角度进行了研究。Paul Ricoeur 于1975年发表《La Metaphore Vive 》，1980年Lakoff 和Johnson 合著《Metaphor We Live by 》（《我们赖以生存的隐喻》），在书中他们将隐喻概念分为三大类：结构性隐喻概念、空间性隐喻概念和实体性隐喻概念。就国内而言，最早对隐喻进行研究的是朱光潜、钱钟书等为代表的老一辈学者。上世纪80年代以来，我国学者开始引进西方当代的隐喻理论并进行互证、互补的比较研究工作；上世纪90年代以来，关于隐喻的著作相继出版，如《隐喻》（耿占春， 1993）、《隐喻学研究》（束定芳，2000）、《语法隐喻理 论研究》（范文芳，2001）、《隐喻的生命》（张沛， 2004）和《认知隐喻学》（胡壮麟，2004）等。 一、空间隐喻概念 空间隐喻（Spatial Metaphor ）是以空间概念为始发域（source domain ）向其他认知域或目标域（target domain ）进行映射（map ）进而获得引申和抽象意义 的认知过程。在隐喻所有的类型中，空间隐喻是最重要的一个类型，大部分基本概念都是在空间隐喻 的基础上构建的，因为我们的一切活动都是在空间中进行的。因此，人类最基本的认知域是空间域。当我们把空间关系投射到非空间概念上时，就形成了空间隐喻。空间隐喻揭示了认知思维和语言表达之间最本质的关联。Lakoff 和Johnson 将空间隐喻的特征总结如下： （1）大多数的基本概念都是通过一个或数个空间隐喻建构起来的。 （2）每一个空间隐喻之间存在整体的、协调一致的系统性。 （3）空间隐喻不是随意产生的，而是植根于我们的物理和文化经验。 （4）在很多情况下，空间化已成为一个概念的核心部分，以至于离开了空间隐喻我们很难想象通过其他的隐喻来建构该概念。 （5）我们的物理和文化经验为空间隐喻的产生提供了很多可能性，但具体哪些待选空间隐喻被挑选出来，哪些又成为重要的空间隐喻，各个文化是不同的。 二、意象图示 空间隐喻是一种意象图式，它对我们的认知有很大的作用。本文所讨论的英语“up/down ”和汉语“上/下”均表现为一种空间意象图式。它们是人类理解和组织很多概念的基础。经过长时间的使用和发 英汉方位词“up ／down ”和“上／下”空间隐喻的用法研究 祁爱玲 （伊犁师范学院外语系，新疆伊宁 835000） 摘要：传统语言学认为隐喻是一种修辞手法，其作用只是“装饰”和“美化”。而认知语言学则 认为隐喻是一种认知活动，是通过语言表现出来的一种思维方式。英语“up/down ”和汉语“上/下”作为两组基本的方位词，其空间隐喻可以投射在状态域、社会地位域、数量域和时间域，并且具有相似的特征。从认知角度通过对“up ／down ”与“上/下”空间隐喻的对比研究，旨在探索中英文两种不同语言认知过程的相似性，为不同语言的人们可能共享相同或相似的认知过程和方法提供证据。 关键词：up/down ；上/下；空间隐喻；意象图示；认知中图分类号：H314 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1009—1076（2012）03—0100—04 收稿日期：2012－03－15 作者简介：祁爱玲（1979—），女，汉，新疆伊宁人，伊犁师范学院外语系讲师，研究方向：英语认知语言学。 2012年9月伊犁师范学院学报（社会科学版） Sept.2012第3期Journal of Yili Normal University （Social Science Edition ）No.3
方位介词专项练习（37） 1.Beijing is______the north of China . 2.The twins usually stand ________ their parents ,and their parents are in the middle . 3.There is a map of China __________ the wall of our classroom. 4.Before 2000,there was no airline _________the two cities. 5.The boy sitting __________ Tina, so she couldn’t see the film clearly. 6.She will leave her homework _________ the teacher ‘s desk after school today. 7.You must ride your bike ___________ the right side of the road. 8.Mr Smith lives __________ that building. His house is __________ the twentieth floor. 9.There was an exciting moment in our class when a large bird flew _____ the room. 10.The boy is taller than the girl, so he sits ___________ her in the classroom. 11. You can’t see the ball. It’s ______ the door. 12. Shall we meet ________ the gate of the cinema? 13. Is he playing _______ the street or ______ the road? 14. Are they ________ a factory or _______ a farm? 15. I sit ________ the twins. The elder sister is _______ my left and the younger one is_______ my right. 16. The big tree __________ our classroom is nearly 100 years old. 17. A plane is flying ________ the clouds. 1．There is a clock __________ the wall near the window. 2．There is a table___________the room. 3．There is a window _________ the clock and the shelves. 4．There is a long sofa __________ the table. 5．There are some books _________ the shelves. 6．There are two sofas __________the door. 7．There are three pictures __________ the wall near the door. ( )1. We traveled overnight to Paris and arrived _______ 5 o’clock ______ the morning. A. on; in B. at; in C. at; on D. in; on ( )2. Hong Kong is ______ the south of China. A. in B. to C.at D. on ( )3. Look ＿＿＿the map ＿＿＿China ＿＿＿the wall, please. A after, of, in B at, of, in C after, in, on D at, of, on ( )4. - Please remember to come to my birthday party. - I see. I'll come ＿＿＿Saturday evening. A in B at C on D for ( )5. They will have a maths test ＿＿＿two days A for B at C in D after ( )6. The birds fly ______ the forests. A. above B. on C. under D. inside ( )7. ---- Can you see the hole _____ the wall? A. on B. in C. among D. between ( )8. ---- Guess, how much does it cost? （广东）---- I think it costs ______ 15 and 20 dollars. A. from B. between C. among D. with
龙源期刊网 https://www.doczj.com/doc/724221714.html, 浅析《诗经》中的方位词“南”及其文化内涵作者：王春艳 来源：《汉字文化(教育科研卷)》2018年第07期 【提要】本文就《诗经》中出现频率较多的方位词“南”进行辨析，并对具有代表性的“南方”“南亩”“南山”进行具体分析，由此我们可知“南”这一方位词，有着温暖和煦、丰年祈福之愿，有着少妇思君、忧心忡忡之情。随着对“南”与长养、情思、尊愿等方面的分析，可见方位词“南”的文化内涵不断深化并影响深远。通过对方位词“南”的探析，我们可以加深对《诗经》的认识，从而揭开遥远先秦的神秘面纱。 【关键词】诗经方位词“南” 文化内涵 《诗经》作为先秦人民真实的生活写照，其所包含的先民思想、风俗习惯、地理方位等都是我们了解先秦人民生活风貌的重要载体。关于《诗经》中方位词“南”，此前已有学者对此进行研究，譬如张德鑫的《方位词的文化考察》，方经民的《汉语空间方位参照的认知结构经过统计》，金安辉的《诗经》中的“东、西、南、北”及其对后世诗歌的影响等，笔者在前人研究的基础上，旨在更加具体、深刻地分析方位词“南”及其文化内涵。据统计，《诗经》中“南”出现了81次，那么《诗经》中的“南”是仅指方向的方位词呢，还是有着特殊的文化内涵？文化内涵也可以说是文化义，周一农的《词汇的文化蕴涵》中指出“文化义，指的是词在特定文化背景下所获得的反映一个名族风俗习惯、文化背景、宗教信仰和思维方式等诸多文化因素的隐含义”。①因此方位词的文化内涵就是对这些文化因素的分析。下面我们将对《诗经》中的方位词“南”进行逐步探讨，从而还其完整面貌。 一、“南”与长养 万事万物皆有源头，那么方位词源于何处？先秦人民不像现代人一样可以用多种方式指认方向，他们最先感受到的是自身和空间的环境关系，“日出而作，日落而归”，四方就是根据太阳这一参照物来确定的。即太阳升起处定为东方，落下处定为西方，直照处定为南方，背阳处定为北方。这就是人们对方位最初的认识。而我们现在所说的方位词，更加术语化，其实还是指东、西、南、北等。 经统计，我们发现《诗经》中“南”多有表示南方的意思，《说文解字》：“南，木至南方而有枝任也”，即南方是夏天草木繁盛的象征。《诗经》中《周南·樛木》“南有樛木，葛藟累之”；《周南·漢广》“南有乔木，不可休思”；《召南·草虫》“陟彼南山，言采其蕨”这些例子不仅表明这些草木生长在南方，也进一步表明了南方的“樛木”“乔木”“蕨”是何其丰茂，这正如《白虎通·五行》中“南方主长养”的说法，又《黄帝内经·素问·异法方宜论》：“南方，天地所长养，阳之所盛处也”，所以南方是温暖和煦的，也是植物生长的好地方，是生命的象征。
at 用于小地方，at school, at home In 用于大地方，in Beijing, in China On在……上面，on the map, on the table To到…… To Chongqing 2.Above, over, on Above在……上方（高过另一个物体，不强调垂直） The airplane flies above that tall building.（不在正上方） over在……上方（垂直上方） The bridge spans over the river. On在……上面（物体表面有接触） There's some water on the floor, so you should be careful. 3.Below, under在……下面 Under在……下（正下方） The cat lies under the chair.（正下方） Below在……下（不一定是正下方） The cat lies under the chair.（不是正下方） 4.in front of, in the front of 在……的前面 in front of 在外部的前面，两个东西是独立的，相反的是behind The building is in front of the hospital. The building is behind the hospital. In the front of在内部的前面，属于其中的一部分，相反的是at the back of The girl stands in the front of the classroom. The girl stands at the back of the classroom. 5.Beside, near, by Beside在旁边 Near在附近 By在附近，非常靠近 常见方位介词短语 （一）、由介词in构成的方位介词短语 1、in the front 在前面 2、in the front row 在前排 3、in the back row 在后排 4、in the third row 在第三排 5、in front of... 在...前面（范围之外） 6、in the front of... 在...前部（范围之内） 7、in the middle在中间 8、in the street在街上
Unit 2 In the classroom Part 2a,2b&3 Teaching Aims: 1.Students can know the locative preposition, can read and use the following locative preposition: in, on ,behind ,under ,in front of . 2.Students can point the right pictures according to the locative preposition that they heard. Students can number the pictures correctly according to the tape, and can write the correct prepositions below each picture. 3.Student can communicate with the following sentences: Where is ……？ It’s ……. Teaching Aids: pictures, cards , tape recorder , PPT , ball , box Teaching Time: 1 lesson Teaching Procedures: 一．Warming Up. 1.Review : Go over the words in the classroom. Go over the sentences: What’s this ? It’s a ……？What about this ? It’s a ……?
表示方位和方向的介词用法 表示位置的介词有：at, in, by, near, between, under 表示方向的介词有： to, into, out, out of, across, along, through 1 at表示在某地点，强调在某个位置点例：I met her at the school gate this morning. 我今天早上在校门口遇见了她。at也用于街道号码前例：She lives at 78 Nanjing Road. 她住在南京路78号。She lives on Nanjing Road. 她住在南京路。（街道前无号码时用on）She lives in Queen Street. 她住在女王街。（住在某大街用in） 2 in表示“在某区域内，在一个空间的内部，在……里面” 例：She was born in Nanjing. 她生于南京。提示:两个地名连用时，小的用at，大的 用in.例：He arrived at London in England last week. 他上周到达英国伦敦。They will meet at Washington in America. 他们将在美国华盛顿会面。 3 on表示“在……上”，并与之相接触 例：He put the dictionary on the desk. 他把词典放在桌子上。 比较英国英语和美国英语的不同介词用法：在路上 on the road （美）in the road （英）在街上 on the street （美）in the street （英）在周末 on the weekend （美）at the weekend （英）在这个队 on the team （美）in the team （英） 4 under和below表示“在……的正下方”，指垂直上下。below表示“低于某物”，只表示位置低于，但不是在正下方。例：There is a chair under the table. 桌子下面有一 把椅子。（垂直）He saw many hills and rivers below the plane. 他看见飞机的下方 有许多小山和河流。 5 over和under 表示“在……垂直的上方”，与under相对；above表示“在……的上方”，指高于某物，但不是正上方，与below相对。例： He is holding an umbrella over his head. 他撑着一把伞遮头。An airplane flew above the clouds. 一架飞 机在云端上面飞行。（云层的上面） 6 between，between 表示“在……之间”，一般用于两者之间.例：He sat between Jack and Lily. 他坐在杰克和莉莉中间。I'm usually free between Tuesday and Friday. 我通常星期二至星期五有空。 7 among 表示“在……中间”，一般用于三者或三者以上之间例：She took a seat among the children. 她在孩子们中间坐了下来。提示强调三者以上每两两这间也要用between例： There are some differences between the three of them. 他们三者之 间有一些差别。 8 behind和in front of, behind 表示“在……后面”，in front of表示“在……前面，在……前部”，两者均表示静态的位置.例：There is an apple tree behind the house.
一、方位介词 1. at表示\"在......处\"，一般指较小的比较具体的地点。He isn't at school. He is at home. 2. in表示\"在......内部；在......里面\"的意思。What is in the box? 盒子里有什么？ 3. on表示\"在某物的上面\"，但两者互相接触。My books are on that table. 我的书在那张桌子上。 4.above在....上方。指两者既不垂直也不接触（反义词below) Many birds are flying above the woods.许多鸟在树林上飞。 5. under表示"在某物垂直的正下方"，两者之间不接触。My cat is under my chair. 我的猫在我的椅子下。 6. behind表示"在某物体的后面"。The boy is behind the door. 男孩在门后。 7 in front of表示\"在......的前面\"，正好与behind相反。如： There are some big trees in front of our classroom. 我们教室前面有几棵大树。 8. near表示\"在某物体的附近\"，意为"接近、靠近。The ball is near the door. 球在门旁边。 介词in, on, under, behind是表示静态位置的介词。 二、常见方位介词短语 （一）、由介词in构成的方位介词短语 1、in the front 在前面 2、in the front row 在前排 3、in the back row 在后排 4、in the third row 在第三排 5、in front of... 在...前面（范围之外） 6、in the front of... 在...前部（范围之内） 7、in the middle在中间 8、in the street在街上 9、in the middle of...在中间10、in the tree在树上（指飞鸟等外来物） （二）、由介词at构成的方位介词短语 1、at the front of...在...所在范围的前一部分 2、at the back of...在...所在范围的后一部分 3、at the foot of...在...脚下 4、at the top of...在...顶部 5、at the end of...在...尽头 6、at the head of...在...前头 7、at the（school）gate在（校）门口8、at the station 在车站 9、at No.2 Chang’a n Road在长安路2号10、at my unc le’s 在我叔叔家 11、at home在家12、at the doctor’s在医务室/在诊所（三）、由介词on构成的方位介词短语 1、on the right/left在右（左）边 2、on o ne’s right/left在某人的右（左）边 3、on the desk/table在课桌/桌上 4、on the right-hand/left-hand side在右/左手边 5、on the blackboard在黑板上 6、on/in the wall在墙上/里 7、on the paper在纸上8、on the tree在树上（指树上长的，结的东西） 三、其它介词构成的方位介词短语 1、next to靠近/贴近 2、beside the desk在课桌旁 3、behind the door在门后 4、under the bed在床下 5、near the window靠近窗户 6、outside the gate在门外