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Book 3 Unit 2 教材总结Text A一、单词1.waterproof a. 防水的；不透水的n. [C, usu. pl.] 防水衣物；雨衣2.jetty n. [C] 栈桥；突堤；登岸码头3.notorious a. 臭名昭著的；声名狼藉的4.hop vi. 快速行走；弹跳5.oust vt. （尤指为取而代之而）迫使（某人）放弃职位；把⋯撵走6.feeble a. 1 非常虚弱的；无力的 2 蹩脚的；无效的；站不住脚的7.recede vi. 1 减弱，减小（可能性）2（从高处）后退8.deem vt. 认为9.pathetic a. 1 招人怜悯的；可怜的 2 没用的；无效的10.mob n. [C] 同类的一群人11.gasp vi. 1（因惊讶、惊吓或痛苦而）倒抽气，喘气，喘息 2 急促地喘气；猛地吸气12.catastrophe n. 1 [C] 麻烦；困境；不利的局面The attempt to expand the business during this time of recession was acatastrophe for the firm.在这种萧条时期尝试扩展业务使这家公司陷入了困境。
2 [C, U] 灾难；大祸；严重的不幸Flooding is a major catastrophe, which tends to cause a heavy loss of life. 洪水是重大灾难，容易引发大量伤亡。
13.tide n. 潮；潮汐14.bleak a. 1 没有希望的；令人沮丧的 2 阴冷的；阴郁的15.tow n. （车辆的）拖，拉vt. 拖，拉，牵引（车辆或船只）16.intervene vi. 干预；介入；插手v. 打岔；插话17.appraise vt. 评定；鉴定；估价18.symptom n. [C] 1 症状 2 （严重问题存在的）征兆，征候You need to see a doctor at the first sign of symptoms of the flu. 一旦发现有流感症状，你就要去看医生。
Book 3 Unit 2 教材总结Text A一、单词1.waterproof a. 防水的；不透水的n. [C, usu. pl.] 防水衣物；雨衣2.jetty n. [C]栈桥；突堤；登岸码头3.notorious a. 臭名昭著的；声名狼藉的4.hop vi. 快速行走；弹跳5.oust vt. （尤指为取而代之而）迫使（某人）放弃职位；把…撵走6.feeble a. 1 非常虚弱的；无力的 2蹩脚的；无效的；站不住脚的7.recede vi. 1减弱，减小（可能性）2（从高处）后退8.deem vt. 认为9.pathetic a. 1招人怜悯的；可怜的2 没用的；无效的10.mob n. [C] 同类的一群人11.gasp vi. 1（因惊讶、惊吓或痛苦而）倒抽气，喘气，喘息 2 急促地喘气；猛地吸气12.catastrophe n. 1 [C]麻烦；困境；不利的局面The attempt to expand the business during this time of recession was a catastrophe for the firm.在这种萧条时期尝试扩展业务使这家公司陷入了困境。
2 [C, U] 灾难；大祸；严重的不幸Flooding is a major catastrophe, which tends to cause a heavy loss of life.洪水是重大灾难，容易引发大量伤亡。
13.tide n. 潮；潮汐14.bleak a. 1没有希望的；令人沮丧的 2阴冷的；阴郁的15.tow n. （车辆的）拖，拉vt. 拖，拉，牵引（车辆或船只）16.intervene vi. 干预；介入；插手v. 打岔；插话17.appraise vt. 评定；鉴定；估价18.symptom n. [C] 1症状 2（严重问题存在的）征兆，征候You need to see a doctor at the first sign of symptoms of the flu.一旦发现有流感症状，你就要去看医生。
Unit 1 Friends and Friendship重点词汇enlarge,offer,casual,interest,end,bond,delight,overlook,tolerate,honour,approac h,embarrassed,due,loss,risk,imagine,cautious,suffer,disappoint,lessen课标词汇friendship,friend,friendly,friendliness,large,view,distant,complain,culture,clo se,interesting,interested,situation,situate,delighted,delightful,greeting,outsi der,life long,longterm,wag,sink,church,salary,lightning,recently,gray,race,imaginary,imagination, bark,warning,attack,heart broken, suffering, pain, painful, disappointment, disappointed, statue非课标词汇confused,unsinkable,sinkable,companion,ease,wrap,satisfactorily,kitten,jealous, territory,invade,playful,blink,vet1. friendly【联想】friend+ly adj.友好的‖be friendly to/towards对…友好‖He’s not very friendly to newcomers.他对新来的人不太友好。
‖Why is he suddenly so friendly towards you,Charle?查理，他为何突然对你如此友善？friendly(i)+ness n.友好‖He mistook my politeness for friendliness.他将我的礼貌误解为友好了。
Book3Unit11.take place 发生The next meeting will take place on Thursday. Talks between the two sides are still taking place.Major changes are taking place in society.Occur happen come about break outHe took second place in the long jump. If you would like to take your places, the food will be served shortly.take the place of somebody/something also take somebody's/something's place(possession)[= replace] under/in one’s charge in the charge of sbNatural methods of pest control are now taking the place of chemicals. I had to find someone to take Jenny's place. 2.beauty n.美;美人1）appearance [uncountable] a quality that people, places, or things have that makes them very attractive to look at: her beauty and grace an area of outstanding natural beauty2）woman [countable] a woman who is very beautiful: She was considered a great beauty in her youth.3）poem/music/emotion etc [uncountable] a quality that something such as a poem, song, emotion etc has, which gives you pleasure or joy the beauty of Shakespeare's verse4）advantage the beauty of something a particularly good quality that makes something especially suitable or useful: The beauty of e-mail is its speed and ease of use.beauty is in the eye of the beholder used to say that different people have different opinions about what is beautiful beauty contest beauty queen beauty mark/spot3．harvest n.vt.vi.收获;收割vt. Vi. to gather crops from the fields1）[uncountable and countable] the time when crops are gathered from the fields, or the act of gathering themat harvest/at harvest time wheat/rice/grape etc harvest2）[countable] the crops that have been gathered, or the amount and quality of the crops gatheredgood/bumper harvest (=a lot of crops) Plum growers are expecting a bumper harvest this year.poor/bad harvest (=few crops)3）reap a harvest t o get good or bad results from your actions: You reap what you sowThe company is now reaping the harvest of careful planning. Harvest festival (thanksgiving day)4.celebration n.庆祝;祝贺celebrate Christmas/Thanksgiving1）[countable] an occasion or party when you celebrate something anniversary/birthday etc celebrations2）[singular, uncountable] the act of celebrating in celebration of somethinga reception in celebration of the Fund's 70th Anniversary The show is a celebration of new young talent.I think this is a cause for celebration (=reason to celebrate).in charge of in search of In honor of in memory of in need ofIn place of in praise of in the hope of in favor ofIn case of in view of in support ofIn exchange for in return for in reward for in preparation forif something is done or made in memory of someone, it is done to remember them and remind other people of them after they have died: a statue in memory of those who died in the warShe set up a charitable fund in her father's memory.have a good/excellent/ bad/poor/terrible etc memory for nameslose your memory remain/stay in your memory bring back memories5.hunter n.狩猎者;猎人bargain hunter6.starve vi.vt.使饿死;饿得要死1）[intransitive] to suffer or die because you do not have enough to eat:Thousands of people will starve if food doesn't reach the city. pictures of starving childrenThey'll either die from the cold or starve to death (=die from lack of food).be starved to death2）[transitive] to prevent someone from having enough food to live: The poor dog looked like it had been starved. 3）be starving also be starved American English to be very hungry:You must be starving! starve somebody/something of something phrasal verbto not give something that is needed: The schools are starved of funding.The poor kid is just starved for attention. hungry for (eager thirsty dying)She is hungry for success. hungry to do somethingStan was hungry to learn. people dying of starvation [uncountable] starvation wages extremely low wages 7.origin n.起源;由来;起因1）also origins [plural] the place or situation in which something begins to exista new theory to explain the origins of the universein origin Most coughs are viral in origin.The word is French in origin.The tradition has its origins in the Middle Ages. old folk tales of unknown origincountry/place of origin (=where something came from) All meat should be clearly labelled with its country of origin. 2）also origins [plural] the country, race, or type of family which someone comes fromof French/German/Asian etc origin Two thirds of the pupils are of Asian origin.The form asks for information about the person's ethnic origin. Immigrants rarely return to their country of origin. She never forgot her humble origins (=low class or social position)..Source a thing, place, activity etc that you get something from: They get their money from various sources.a useful source of information Beans are a very good source of protein.For me, music is a great source of enjoyment. the country's main source of income energy/food/light source original1）first [only before noun] existing or happening first, before other people or things:The land was returned to its original owner.The kitchen still has many original features (=parts that were there when the house was first built).the original meaning of the word The original plan was to fly out to New York.2）new completely new and different from anything that anyone has thought of before:I don't think George is capable of having original ideas! A highly original design3）a work of art [only before noun] an original work of art is the one that was made by the artist and is not a copy: The original painting is now in the National Gallery in London.8.religious adj.宗教上的;信奉宗教的;虔诚的Christianity Christian religion1）relating to religion in general or to a particular religion: I don't share her religious beliefs.a religious school the dates of major religious observances such as Easter or Christmas2）believing strongly in your religion and obeying its rules carefully:A deeply religious person9.*seasonal adj.季节的；季节性的Seasonal rains seasonal workers/employment etcseasonal jobs in the tourist industry10.ancestor n.祖先；祖宗descendant forefather My ancestors were French.Lions and house cats evolved from a common ancestor (=the same ancestor).Babbage's invention was the ancestor of the modern computer.11.Obon n.坟墓；墓地Obon is one of the most important Japanese traditions. People believe that their ancestors' spirits come back to their homes to be reunited with their family during Obon and pray for the spirits. For the reason, Obon is an important family gathering time, and many people return to their hometowns.Japanese people clean their houses and place a variety of food offerings such as vegetables and fruits to the spirits of ancestors in front of a butsudan (Buddhist altar). Chochin lanterns and arrangements of flower are usually placed by the butsudan.floating lanterns) is a tradition often observed during Obon. People send off their ancestors' spirits with the lanterns, lit by a candle inside and floated down a river to the ocean.12.grave n.熏香；熏香的烟the place in the ground where a dead body is buried [↪ tomb]:At the head of the grave there was a small wooden cross.13.Mexico n.墨西哥（拉丁美洲的国家）Mexican14.feast n.节日；盛宴a wedding feast The king promised to hold a great feast for all his people.Next week's film festival should be a real feast for cinema-goers. The play is also a visual feast.A feast for the eyes15.*skull n.头脑；头骨Skull and crossbones1）a picture of a human skull with two bones crossed below it, used in past times on the flags of pirate ships2）a picture of a human skull with two bones crossed below it, used on containers to show that what is inside is poison or very dangerous Skull cap beanie16.bone n.骨；骨头skin and bone v ery thin: She was all skin and bone.on the bone meat that is served on the bone is still joined to the bone:a boiled ham on the bone off the bone meat that is served off the bone has been cut away from the bone: roasted duck, off the bone bone china17.*Halloween n.万圣节前夕；诸圣节前夕the night of October 31st, which is now celebrated by children, who dress in costumes and go from house to house asking for sweets, especially in the US and Canada. In the past, people believed the souls of dead people appeared on Halloween.October 31 st was the eve of the Celtic（凯尔特人的）new year. The Celts were the ancestors of the present-day Irish, Welsh and Scottish people. On this day ghosts walked and mingled with the living, or so the Celts thought. The townspeople baked food all that day and when night fell they dressed up and tried to resemble the souls of the dead. Hoping that the ghosts would leave peacefully before midnight of the new year.18.belief n.信任；信心；信任a strong belief in Godhis passionate belief that technology is a tool to be used with imaginationIt is my belief that we will find a cure for cancer in the next ten years.Thieves broke into the building in the mistaken belief that there was expensive computer equipment inside.It is a widely held belief that violent crime is increasing.Contrary to popular belief, eating carrots does not improve your eyesight. What she did was stupid beyond belief.It is believed that the house was built in 1735. be believed to be somethingAt 115, Mrs Jackson is believed to be the oldest person in the country.The four men are widely believed (=believed by a lot of people) to have been killed by their captors.I firmly believe that the business will be a success.19．dress up 盛装；打扮；装饰1）to wear special clothes for fun, or to put special clothes on someoneHe went to the party dressed up as a Chicago gangster. I keep a box of old clothes for the children to dress up in. dress somebody ↔ up We dressed him up as a gorilla.2）to wear clothes that are more formal than the ones you would usually wear:It's a small informal party - you don't have to dress up.Aunt Margaret told her to dress herself in her nicest dress. I dress the kids before I go to work.I've got to go home to dress. How do you normally dress for work?We usually dress for dinner (=wear formal clothes for our evening meal).Get/be dressed in dress my kid in his best shirtwound/cut [transitive] to clean, treat, and cover a wound dress the wound hair dresser20.trick n.诡计；恶作剧；窍门；欺骗；诈骗play a trick on 搞恶作剧；诈骗；开玩笑At first he thought someone was coming towards him, but it was just a trick of the light.My uncle was always showing me card tricks when I was a kid. a magic tricka salesman who knew all the tricks of the trade (=clever methods used in a particular job)play a joke/trick/prank on somebody to do something to someone as a joke or trickmake jokes about make fun of crack a joke21.poet n.诗人poem poetry [uncountable]poems in generalColumbus Day 哥伦布日a US public holiday held on October 12th to honour Christopher Columbus22.arrival n.到来；到达；到达者1 ）[uncountable and countable] when someone or something arrives somewhere [≠departure]:Only the timely arrival of the police prevented the situation from becoming worse.Traffic problems account for one third of late arrivals. Shortly after our arrival in London, Lisa was attacked.on arrival A deposit is payable on arrival (=when you arrive).2）the arrival of somethinga) the time when a new idea, product etc is first used or discovered:The demand for phone numbers has increased since the arrival of mobile phones.b) the time when an event or period of time starts to happen:The arrival of winter can make many people feel depressed.3）[countable] someone who has just arrived in a place: New arrivals were greeted with suspicion.Late arrivals will not be admitted to the theatre.4）new arrival a baby who has just been born23*Christopher Columbus 克里斯托弗•哥伦布（意大利航海家）an Italian sailor and explorer who many people think of as the first European to discover America, in 1492. He arrived in America by accident when he was trying to find a new way to Asia by sailing west from Spain. Most people now think that the first discovery of America by Europeans was about 500 years earlier, by the Norwegian Leif Ericsson24.gain vt.获得；得到1）get something [transitive] t o obtain or achieve something you want or needgain control/power Radical left-wing parties gained control of local authorities.After gaining independence in 1957, it was renamed 'Ghana'. gain a degree/qualification etc2）get gradually [intransitive and transitive] to gradually get more and more of a quality, feeling etc, especially a useful or valuable one: She has gained a reputation as a good communicator.Many of his ideas have gained popular support. an opportunity to gain experience in a work environment The youngsters gradually gain confidence in their abilities.3)advantage [intransitive and transitive] to get an advantage from a situation, opportunity, or eventgain (something) from (doing) something There is much to be gained from seeking expert advice early.There's nothing to be gained (=it will not help you) by losing your temper.4)increase [transitive] to increase in weight, speed, height, or value: Carrie's gained a lot of weight recently.5) gain access/entry/admittance etc (to something)to manage to enter a place, building, or organization:New ramps will help the disabled gain better access. methods used by burglars to gain entry to houses6) gain an understanding/impression to learn or find out about somethingWe are hoping to gain a better understanding of the underlying process.This enabled me to gain an overall impression of the school.n. There are obvious gains for the student. Eating too many fatty goods could cause weight gain.Retail sales showed a gain of 0.4%. No pains, no gains.25.independence n. 独立；自主independent adj.独立的；自主的Nigeria gained independence from Britain in 1960.Lithuania was the first of the Soviet republics to declare independence (=officially state its independence).The country has made great advances since independence. ways of helping old people maintain their independence Having a job gives you financial independence. We need a central bank that is independent of the government. independent school especially British English (=one not owned or paid for by the government)independent television/radio/broadcasting etc British English (=not owned or paid for by the government)There were no independent witnesses to the shooting.independent inquiry/advice/opinion etc (=carried out by or given by an independent person or organization)Human rights groups have called for an independent inquiry into the killings.By this age, the child becomes relatively independent of his mother.reports from two separate sources entirely independent of one another26.gather vt. & vi. & n.搜集；集合；聚集1)come together [intransitive and transitive] t o come together and form a group, or to make people do this:A crowd gathered to watch the fight. Thousands of people gathered outside the embassy.gather around/round Gather round, everyone, so that you can see the screen.During the air raids, we gathered the children around us and sang songs. gather togetherCould the bride's family all gather together for a photo?be gathered Dozens of photographers were gathered outside Jagger's villa.2)know/think [intransitive,transitive not in progressive] to believe that something is true because of what you have seen or heard [= understand]: You two know each other, I gather.gather (that) I gather you've had some problems with our sales department.from what I can gather/as far as I can gather (=this is what I believe to be true)She's his niece, from what I can gather.3）collect [intransitive and transitive] to get things from different places and put them together in one place:The researcher's job is to gather information about people.4）gather speed/force/momentum etc to move faster, become stronger, get more support etc:The cart gathered speed as it coasted down the hill. The international relief effort appears to be gathering momentum. 5）gather dust if something gathers dust, it is not being used: books just gathering dust on the shelf6）gather yourself/your strength/your thoughts to prepare yourself for something you are going to do, especially something difficult: I took a few moments to gather my thoughts before going into the meeting.N 1) a meeting of a group of people: a select gathering of 20 or 30 people2 )intelligence/information etc gathering the process of collecting information from many different places27.agriculture n.农业；农艺；农学More than 75% of the land is used for agriculture.agricultural land agricultural labourers agricultural n.农业的；农艺的28.award n.奖；奖品vt.授予；判定1) something such as a prize or money given to someone to reward them for something they have doneaward for the Presidential Award for Excellence in Science and Mathematics Teachingwin/receive an award Rosie was in London to receive her award as Mum of the Year.The hotel's award-winning restaurant specializes in traditional food.Magnusson presented the £1000 award to the group's chairman.2) something, especially money, that is officially given to someone as a payment or after a legal decision:the teachers' pay award an award for unfair dismissalreward reward sb with sthsomething that you get because you have done something good or helpful or have worked hardmoney that is offered to people for helping the police to solve a crime or catch a criminalvt. 1) to officially give someone something such as a prize or money to reward them for something they have done:Moodie has been awarded a golf scholarship at the University of Hawaii.award somebody something The judge awarded me first prize.award something to somebody A Nobel Prize was awarded to Waksman in 1952.2）to officially decide that someone should receive a payment or a formal agreementaward somebody something The government awarded a German company the contract.award something to somebody £45,000 was awarded to a typist with an injured hand.28.*produce n.产品；（尤指）[uncountable]food or other things that have been grown or produced on a farm to be soldagricultural/organic etc produce dairy produce British English (=milk, butter, cheese etc)product1）[uncountable and countable] something that is grown or made in a factory in large quantities, usually in order to be sold [↪ produce, production] agricultural/dairy/software etc productsHe works in marketing and product development.2 ）the product of somethinga) if someone is the product of a particular background or experience, their character is typical of that background or the result of that experience: Paula was the product of a sheltered middle-class home.b) if something is the product of a particular situation, process etc, it is the result of that situation or process:The report was the product of four years' hard work.Production [uncountable] increase/rise/fall etc in productionbe in production (=being produced) By September, the new motors were in production.go into/out of production (=begin to be produced in large numbers, or stop being produced)The new model will go into production next year.on/upon (the) production of something formal when you show something:Entrance is only permitted on production of a ticket.29.rooster n.雄禽；公鸡 a male chicken = cock hen30 admire vt.赞美；钦佩；羡慕1）to respect and like someone because they have done something that you think is good:I really admire the way she brings up those kids all on her own. admire somebody for (doing) something Lewis was much admired for his work on medieval literature.2）to look at something and think how beautiful or impressive it is:We stopped halfway to admire the view. Sal stood back to admire her work.Admiring showing that you think someone or something is very impressive or attractive:admiring glances in admiration Daniel gazed at her in admiration.admiration for I'm full of admiration for the crew who handled this crisis.admiration of Her riding soon drew the admiration of the older girls.31.energetic adj.充满活力的；精力充沛的；积极的having or needing a lot of energy or determination:an energetic man an energetic drive to get more customers energetic in doing something32.look forward to 期望；期待；盼望to be excited and pleased about something that is going to happen:I'm really looking forward to our vacation. look forward to doing somethingMy mother says she's looking forward to meeting you. I felt that at last I could begin to look forward.33.*carnival n.狂欢节；（四旬斋前）饮宴狂欢；嘉年华（会）1）[uncountable and countable] a public event at which people play music, wear special clothes, and dance in the streets: preparations for this year's carnival when it's Carnival in Rio a carnival atmosphere in the town2 ）[countable] American English a noisy outdoor event at which you can ride on special machines and play games for prizes [= funfair British English]3）[countable] American English a school event at which students play games for prizes34.*lunar adj.月的；月亮的；阴历的The Dragon Boat Festival is in May 5 on the lunar calendar.The Moon Festival is on the 15th day of the 8th lunar month.35.Easter n.（耶稣）复活节(The first Sunday after the first full moon following the vernal equinox(春分))1）a Christian holy day in March or April when Christians remember the death of Christ and his return to life:on Easter Sunday2）the period of time just before and after Easter Dayat Easter We'll probably go away at Easter. Easter holiday/weekend/breakWe spent the Easter holidays in Wales. Easter Bunny an imaginary rabbit that children believe brings chocolate eggs at Easter Easter egg Good Fridaythe Friday before the Christian holiday of Easter, that Christians remember as the day Jesus Christ was crucified36.*parade n.游行；阅兵；检阅1）a public celebration when musical bands, brightly decorated vehicles etc move down the street:a victory parade the St Patrick's Day parade2）a military ceremony in which soldiers stand or march together so that important people can examine them:a military parade on parade (=be standing or marching in a parade) troops on parade3）a line of people moving along so that other people can watch them: a fashion parade4）a series of people, events etc that seems to never endparade of She had a constant parade of young men coming to visit her.V. 1）protest/celebrate [intransitive always + adverb/preposition]PPG to walk or march together to celebrate or protest about something parade around/past etcThe marchers paraded peacefully through the capital.2）show something [transitive] if you parade your skills, knowledge, possessions etc, you show them publicly in order to make people admire you [= show off]: Young athletes will get a chance to parade their skills.3）walk around [intransitive always + adverb/preposition] to walk around, especially in a way that shows that you want people to notice and admire you parade around/past etcA trio of girls in extremely tight shorts paraded up and down.4）show somebody [transitive always + adverb/preposition] if prisoners are paraded on television or through the streets, they are shown to the public, in order to prove that the people holding them are important or powerful:The prisoners were paraded in front of the TV cameras.5)proudly show [transitive] to proudly show something or someone to other people, because you want to look impressive to them [= show off]: She paraded her new team. war medals paraded for public admiration6)soldiers [intransitive and transitive]\ if soldiers parade, or if an officer parades them, they march together so that an important person can watch them37.day and night 日夜；昼夜；整天night and day/day and night all the time:The store is guarded day and night. We had to work night and day to get it finished.night or day/day or night at any time: You can call me any time, night or day.all day/year/summer etc long during all of the day etcday after day also day in day out continuously for a long time in a way that is annoying or boring:I couldn't stand sitting at a desk day after day. day by day slowly and gradually:Her health was improving day by day. around the clock also round the clockBritish English all day and all night without stopping: Kim has been working round the clock to finish it in time.24/7 24hours a day and 7days a week38.clothing n.衣服39. Christian n.基督徒；信徒adj.基督教的；信基督教的*Jesus n.耶稣*cherry n.樱桃；樱桃树*blossom n.花vj.开花as though 好像have fun with 玩得开心custom n.习惯worldwide adj.遍及全世界的；世界性的everywhere in the world:We have offices in over 56 countries worldwide.cars with a worldwide reputation for reliability*rosebud n.玫瑰花蕾1 the flower of a rose before it opens2 rosebud mouth/lips a mouth or lips that have a small round shape and are very redfool n.愚人；白痴；受骗者vt.愚弄；欺骗vi.干傻事；开玩笑adj.傻的1stupid person [countable] a stupid person or someone who has done something stupid [= idiot]:What a fool she had been to think that he would stay.Like a fool, I accepted straight away.You silly old fool! Jerk2 make a fool of yourself t o do something stupid that you feel embarrassed about afterwards and that makes you seem silly:Sorry I made such a fool of myself last night. I must have been drunk.3 make a fool of somebody to deliberately do something to make someone else seem stupid:I suddenly realised that I was being made a fool of.1 [transitive] to trick someone into believing something that is not true:Even art experts were fooled.you don't/can't fool meYou can't fool me with that old excuse.be fooled by somethingDon't be fooled by appearances.fool somebody into doing somethingI was fooled into believing their promises.2 f ool yourself t o try to make yourself believe something that you know is not really true:It's no good fooling yourself. He's not coming back.3 you could have fooled me spoken used to show that you do not believe what someone has told you:'Look, we're doing our best to fix it.' 'Well, you could have fooled me.'4 somebody is just fooling spoken used to say that someone is not serious and is only pretending that something is true [= somebody is just kidding]:Don't pay any attention to Henry. He's just fooling.fool around phrasal verb1 to waste time behaving in a silly way or doing things that are not important [= mess around]:He always used to fool around in class.2 to behave in a way which is careless and not responsible [= mess around]fool around withSome idiot's been fooling around with the electricity supply!3 American English to spend time doing something that you enjoy, but that does not have a particular purpose [= mess around]:The boys were out in the yard, just fooling around.4 to have a sexual relationship with someone else's wife, boyfriend etc [= mess around]:She found out that he'd been fooling around behind her back.fool with something phrasal verb1 to touch or play with something, especially when you should not [= mess with something]:Who's been fooling with the radio dial?2 to become involved in something which could cause damage or be dangerous [= mess with something][only before noun] American English informalsilly or stupid [= foolish]:What did you say a fool thing like that for?*necessity n.必要性；需要1 [countable] something that you need to have in order to live [≠luxury]:She saw books as a necessity, not a luxury.A car is an absolute necessity if you live in the country.the basic/bare necessitiesA lot of families cannot even afford to buy the basic necessities of life.2 [uncountable] when something is necessarynecessity forHe emphasized the necessity for good planning and management.the necessity of (doing) somethingThis illustrates the necessity of keeping accurate records of your work.Many teachers are now questioning the necessity of formal exams.through/out of necessityHe only remained with the group out of necessity.economic/practical/political etc necessityI'm afraid it's become a matter of economic n ecessity.3 [countable] something that must happen, even if it is unpleasant:Taxes are a regrettable necessity.4 of necessity formal used when something happens in a particular way because that is the only possible way it can happen:Many of the jobs are, of necessity, temporary.5 necessity is the mother of invention used to say that if someone really needs to do something, they will find a way of doing itpermission n.许可；允许permitted, present participle permitting formal1 [transitive] to allow something to happen, especially by an official decision, rule, or law:Smoking is only permitted in the public lounge.。
必修三Unit 1词汇表take place发生beauty ['bju:ti] n. 美；美人harvest ['hɑ:vist] n. & vt. & vi. 收获；收割celebration [,seli'breiʃən] n. 庆祝；祝贺hunter ['hʌntə] n. 狩猎者；猎人starve [stɑ:v] vi. & vt. （使）饿死；饿得要死origin ['ɔridʒin, 'ɔ:-] n. 起源；由来；起因religious [ri'lidʒəs]adj. 宗教上的；信奉宗教的；虔诚的△seasonal ['si:zənəl] adj. 季节的；季节性的△Obon [ə'bɔn]（日本）盂兰盆节ancestor ['ænsestə] n. 祖先；祖宗△grave [ɡreiv] n. 坟墓；墓地△incense ['insens] n. 熏香；熏香的烟in memory of纪念；追念Mexico ['meksikəu; 'meksi.kəu] n.墨西哥feast [fi:st] n. 节日；盛宴△skull [skʌl] n. 头脑；头骨△Halloween ['hæləu'i:n] n.万圣节前夕bone [bəun] n. 骨；骨头belief[bi'li:f] n. 信任；信心；信仰dress up盛装；打扮；装饰trick [trik] n. 诡计；恶作剧；窍门vt. 欺骗；诈骗play a trick on搞恶作剧；诈骗；开玩笑poet ['pəuit] n. 诗人△Columbus Day哥伦布日arrival [ə'raivəl] n. 到来；到达；到达者△Christopher Columbus ['kristəfə kə'lʌmbəs]克里斯多佛.哥伦布(意大利航海家) gain [ɡein] vt. 获得；得到independence [,indi'pendəns] n. 独立；自主independent [,indi'pendənt] adj. 独立的；自主的gather ['ɡæðə] vt. & vi. & n. 搜集；集合；聚集agriculture ['æɡrikʌltʃə] n. 农业；农艺；农学agricultural [,æɡri'kʌl tʃərəl] adj. 农业的；农艺的award [ə'wɔ:d] n. 奖；奖品vt. 授予；判定△produce [prəu'dju:s] n. 产品；（尤指）农产品rooster ['ru:stə] n. 雄禽；公鸡admire [əd'maiə] vt. 赞美；钦佩；羡慕energetic [,enə'dʒetik] adj. 充满活力的；精力充沛的；积极的look forward to期望；期待；盼望△carnival ['kɑ:nivəl] n.嘉年华会，狂欢节△lunar ['lju:nə] adj. 月的；月亮的；阴历的Easter ['i:stə] (耶稣)复活节△parade [pə'reid] n. 游行；阅兵；检阅day and night日夜；昼夜；整天clothing ['kləuðiŋ] n. 衣服Christian ['kristjən; -tʃən] n. 基督徒；信徒adj. 基督教的；信基督教的△Jesus ['dʒi:zəs] n. 耶稣△cherry ['tʃeri] n. 樱桃；樱桃树△blossom ['blɔsəm] n. 花vi. 开花as though好像have fun with玩得开心custom ['kʌstəm] n. 习惯；风俗worldwide ['wə:ld,waid] adj. 遍及全世界的；世界性的△rosebud ['rəuzbʌd] n. 玫瑰花蕾fool [fu:l] n. 愚人；白痴；受骗者vt. 愚弄；欺骗vi. 干傻事；开玩笑adj. 傻的△necessity [ni'sesəti, nə-] n. 必要性；需要permission [pə'miʃən] n. 许可；允许△prediction [pri'dikʃən] n. 预言；预报；预告△fashion ['fæʃən] n. 样子；方式；时尚△Trinidad ['trinidæd] n. 特立尼达岛△Carla ['kɑ:lə] n.卡拉(女名)△Hari['hæri] n.哈利(男名)parking ['pɑ:kiŋ] n. （汽车等）停放parking lot 停车场△Valentine’s Day ['væləntainz 'dei]n. 情人节，圣瓦伦廷节turn up出现；到场keep one’s word 守信用；履行诺言hold one’s breath屏息；屏气apologize [ə'pɔlədʒaiz] vi. 道歉；辩白drown[ draun ] vt. & vi. 淹没；溺死；淹死sadness ['sædnis] n. 悲哀；悲伤obvious['ɔbviəs] adj. 明显的；显而易见的wipe [waip] vt. 擦；揩；擦去△weave [wi:v] (wove;woven)vt. & vi. 编织；（使）迂回前进△herd [hə:d] n. 牧群；兽群△the Milky Way银河△magpie ['mæɡpai] n. 喜鹊weep [wi:p] (wept;wept)vi. 哭泣；流泪n. 哭；哭泣△announcer[ə'naunsə] n. 广播员；告知者；报幕员set off出发；动身；使爆炸remind [ri'maind] vt. 提醒；使想起remind … of …使……想起……forgive [fə'ɡiv] (forgave;forgiven)vt. 原谅；饶恕必修三Unit 2词汇表diet['daiət] n. 日常饮食vi. 节食△spaghetti [spə'ɡeti] n. 意大利式细面条nut [nʌt] n. 坚果；果仁△muscle['mʌsl] n. 肌肉；（食用）瘦肉△protective [prəu'tektiv] adj. 给予保护的；保护的bean [bi:n] n. 豆；豆科植物pea [pi:] n. 豌豆cucumber ['kju:kʌmbə] n. 黄瓜eggplant ['eɡplɑ:nt] n. 茄子pepper ['pepə] n. 辣椒；辣椒粉mushroom ['mʌʃru:m] n. 蘑菇peach [pi:tʃ] n. 桃子lemon ['lemən] n. 柠檬balance ['bæləns] vt. 平衡；权衡 n. 天平；平衡balanced diet 平衡膳食barbecue ['bɑ:bikju:] vt. & n. 烧烤；烤肉mutton ['mʌtən] n. 羊肉△kebab [kə'bɔb] n. （= kabob）（印度）烤腌羊肉串；roast [rəust] adj. 烤制的 vt. & vi. 烤；烘；烘烤△stir [stə:] vt. 摇动；搅和fry [frai] vt. & vi. 油煎；油炸stir-fry ['stə:frai] vt. 用旺火炒（或煎、煸）ought [ɔ:t] v. aux. 应当；应该oughtto应当；应该bacon ['beikən] n. 熏咸肉；腊肉△cola ['kəulə] n. 可乐饮料△sugary ['ʃuɡəri] adj. 含糖的；甜的△sign [sain] n. 牌示；标记；符号loseweight体重减轻；减肥slim [slim] vi. 变细；减肥adj. 苗条的；纤细的curiosity [,kjuri'ɔsiti] n. 好奇心hostess ['həustis] n. 女主人；女主持人raw[rɔ:]adj. 生的；未加工的vinegar ['viniɡə] n. 醋get away with被放过；（做坏事）不受惩罚lie [lai] n. 谎话；谎言vi. 说谎tell a lie说谎customer ['kʌstəmə] n. 顾客；消费者discount ['diskaunt, dis'k-] n. 折扣win … back赢回；重新获得weakness ['wi:knis] n. 缺点；虚弱；弱点strength[streŋθ] n. 强项；长处；力量consult [kən'sʌlt] vt. 咨询；请教；商量fibre ['faibə] n. 纤维；纤维制品digest [di'dʒest, dai-, 'daidʒest] vi. & vt. 消化n. 摘要；概要△poisonous ['pɔizənəs] adj. 有毒的carrot ['kærət] n. 胡萝卜△scurvy ['skə:vi] n. 坏血病△rickets ['rikits] n. 佝偻病△obesity [əu'bi:səti] n. 过度肥胖△vitamin ['vitəmin] n. 维生素△protein ['prəuti:n, -ti:in] n. 蛋白质earn one’s living谋生debt[det] n. 债；债务indebt欠债glare [ɡlεə] vi. 怒目而视；闪耀n. 怒视；眩目的光spy [spai] vi. & vt. 窥探；秘密监视n. 间谍；侦探spy on 暗中监视；侦查limit ['limit] vt. 限制；限定n. 界限；限度limited ['limitid] adj. 有限的benefit ['benifit] n. 利益；好处vt. & vi. 有益于；有助于；受益breast[brest] n. 胸部；乳房garlic ['ɡɑ:lik] n. 大蒜sigh[sai] vi. 叹息；叹气n. 叹息；叹息声combine [kəm'bain] vt. & vi. （使）联合；（使）结合cutdown削减；删节beforelong不久以后put on weight增加体重△cooperation [kəu,ɔpə'reiʃən] n. 合作；协作△ingredient [in'ɡri:diənt] n. （烹调用的）材料；原料；成分△flavour ['fleivə] n. （食物的）味道与气味；特性必修三Unit 3词汇表△Mark Twain 马克·吐温(美国作家)△Florida n. 佛罗里达镇（位于密苏里州）佛罗里达州（美国州名）birthplace ['bə:θpleis] n. 出生地；故乡bringup抚养；培养；教育；提出△Hannibal n. 汉尼拔（美国城市）△Missouri n. 密苏里州（美国州名）△Mississippi n. 密西西比河；密西西比州（美国州名）novel ['nɔvəl] n. 小说；长篇故事adj. 新奇的；异常的△boyhood ['bɔihud] n. 少年时代adventure [əd'ventʃə, æd-] n. 奇遇；冒险△Tom Sawyer n. 汤姆·索亚（人名）△Huckleberry Finn 哈克贝利·费恩（人名）phrase [freiz] n. 短语；词组；惯用语△fathom ['fæðəm] n. 长度单位（六英尺）author ['ɔ:θə] n. 著者；作家△Samuel Langhorne Clemens 塞缪尔·兰霍恩·克莱门斯（人名）scene [si:n] n. （戏剧）一场；现场；场面；景色△narrator [nə'reitə, næ-] n. 讲述者；叙述者△Roderick n.罗德里克（男名）△Oliver n.奥利弗（男名）△bet [bet] n. 赌；打赌vt. & vt. 打赌；赌钱△make a bet 打赌△penniless ['penilis] adj. 贫困的；身无分文的wander ['wɔndə] vi. 漫游；漫步；漂泊pavement ['peivmənt] n. 人行道（= <美> sidewalk）businessman['biznismæn] n. 商人permit [pə'mit] vt. & vi. 许可；允许；准许n. 通行证；许可证；执照ahead [ə'hed] adv. 在前；向前；提前goahead前进；（用于祈使句）可以；往下说byaccident偶然；无意中；不小心bay [bei] n. 海湾stare[stεə] vi. 凝视；盯着看stareat盯着看；凝视△nightfall ['naitfɔ:l] n. 黄昏fault [fɔ:lt] n. 过错；缺点；故障spot [spɔt] vt. 发现；认出n. 斑点；污点；地点passage ['pəsidʒ] n. 船费（包括食宿）；通道；（一）段△unpaid [,ʌn'peid] adj. 未付款的；不受报酬的account [ə'kaunt] vi. & vt. 认为；说明；总计有n. 说明；理由；计算；帐目accountfor导致；做出解释embassy ['embəsi] n. 大使馆；大使及其官员seek [si:k] vt. & vi. 寻找；探索；寻求patience ['peiʃəns] n. 耐性；忍耐contrary ['kɔntrəri] n. 反面；对立面adj. 相反的；相违的on the contrary与此相反；正相反△charity ['tʃærəti] n. 慈善（团体）；施舍envelope ['envələup] n. 信封unbelievable [,ʌnbi'li:vəbl] adj. 难以置信的△Horace n.霍勒斯（男名）steak [steik] n. （供煎；烤的）肉块；鱼排；牛排pineapple ['pain,æpl] n. 菠萝dessert [di'zə:t] n. 餐后甜点amount [ə'maunt] n. 数量take a chance冒险rude [ru:d] adj. 粗鲁的；无礼的manner ['mænə] n. 礼貌；举止；方式scream [skri:m] vi. 尖声叫n. 尖叫声；喊叫声genuine ['dʒenjuin] adj. 真的；真诚的△issue ['iʃju:] vt. & vi. 发行（钞票等）；发布（命令）；出版（杂志等）△fake [feik] n. 假货；欺骗adj. 假的rag [ræɡ] n. 破布；碎布inrags衣衫褴褛indeed [in'di:d] adv. 真正地；确实；实在asfor关于；至于bow [bəu] vi. & n. 鞠躬；弯腰barber ['bɑ:bə] n. 理发师必修三Unit 4词汇表astronomy [ə'strɔnəmi] n. 天文学△astronomer [ə'strɔnəmə] n. 天文学家△solar ['səulə] adj. 太阳的；日光的system['sistəm] n. 系统；体系；制度solar system 太阳系religion [ri'lidʒən] n. 宗教；宗教信仰theory['θiəri, 'θi:ə-] n. 学说；理论△Big Bang 宇宙大爆炸；创世大爆炸atom ['ætəm] n. 原子billion ['biljən] pron. & n. & adj. <英>万亿；<美>十亿globe [ɡləub] n. 球体；地球仪；地球△global ['ɡləubəl] adj. 全球性的；全世界的violent['vaiələnt] adj. 猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的intime及时；终于carbon ['kɑ:bən] n. 碳△nitrogen ['naitrədʒən] n. 氮△vapour ['veipə] n. （= vapor）蒸气；水蒸气atmosphere ['ætmə,sfiə] n. 大气层；气氛unlike[,ʌn'laik] prep. 不同；不像fundamental [,fʌndə'mentəl] adj. 基本的；基础的△presence ['prezəns] n. 出席；到场；存在△dissolve [di'zɔlv] vt. & vi. 溶解；解散harmful ['hɑ:mful] adj. 有害的acid ['æsid] n. 酸chain [tʃein] n. 链子；连锁；锁链△reaction [ri'ækʃən] n. 反应；回应multiply['mʌltiplai] vi. & vt. 乘；增加oxygen['ɔksidʒən] n. 氧△shellfish ['ʃelfiʃ] n. 水生有壳动物△amphibian [æm'fibiən] n. 两栖动物△reptile ['reptail, -til] n. 爬行动物；爬虫layeggs下蛋△dinosaur ['dainəsɔ:] n. 恐龙exist [iɡ'zist] vi. 存在；生存△mammal ['mæməl] n. 哺乳动物givebirthto产生；分娩thus [ðʌs] adv. 因此；于是inone’sturn轮到某人；接着dioxide [dai'ɔksaid] n. 二氧化物carbon dioxide 二氧化碳prevent ... from阻止；制止puzzle['pʌzl] n. 谜；难题vt. & vi. （使）迷惑；（使）为难biology [bai'ɔlədʒi] n. 生物学biologist [bai'ɔlədʒist] n. 生物学家gravity ['ɡræviti] n. 万有引力；重力satellite ['sætəlait] n. 卫星；人造卫星gentle ['dʒentl] adj. 温和的；文雅的△geologist [dʒi'ɔlədʒist] n. 地质学家physicist ['fizisist] n. 物理学家block out 挡住（光线）△extinct [ik'stiŋkt] adj. 灭绝的；绝种的climate ['klaimit] n. 气候△comet ['kɔmit] n. 彗星crash [kræʃ] vi. & vt. 碰撞；坠落△Isaac Newton 艾萨克·牛顿（英国科学家）△Albert Einstein阿尔博特·爱因斯坦（德裔美国科学家）△Stephen Hawking 斯蒂芬·霍金（英国科学家）spaceship ['speisʃip] n. 宇宙飞船pull [pul] n. & vt. 拉（力）；拖；牵引力△lessen ['lesən] vi. & vt. 减少；减轻cheerup感到高兴；感到振奋float [fləut] vi. & vt. （使）浮动；（使）漂浮n. 漂浮物△weightlessly ['weitlisli] adv. 失重地△cabin ['kæbin] n. 小屋；船舱mass [mæs] n. 质量；团；块；大量；<复>群众nowthat既然△get the hang of 熟悉；掌握；理解breakout突发；爆发△exhaust [iɡ'zɔ:st] vt. 用尽；耗尽；使精疲力尽watchout密切注视；当心；提防必修三Unit 5词汇表△multicultural [,mʌlti'kʌltʃərəl] adj. 多种文化的quiz [kwiz] n. 测验；问答比赛Canadian n.加拿大人adj.加拿大的；加拿大人的△Vancouver n.温哥华（加拿大城市）△Toronto n.多伦多（加拿大城市）△Calgary n.卡尔加里（加拿大城市）△Ottawa n.渥太华（加拿大首都）△beaver ['bi:və] n. 海狸△grizzly ['ɡrizli] n. （北美洲）灰熊adj. 灰色的；有灰斑的△polar ['pəulə] adj. 极地的；近极地的△penguin ['peŋɡwin] n. 企鹅△prime [praim] adj. 首要的；主要的；基本的minister ['ministə] n. 大臣；部长prime minister 首相；丞相△governor ['ɡʌvənə] n. 州长；总督ratherthan与其；不愿continent ['kɔntinənt] n. 洲；大陆baggage ['bæɡidʒ] n. 行李chat[tʃæt] vi. & n. 聊天；闲聊scenery ['si:nəri] n. 景色；风景eastward ['i:stwəd] adv. 向东adj. 向东的；朝东的westward ['westwəd] adv. 向西adj. 向西的；朝西的upward ['ʌpwəd] adv. 向上地；上升的adj. 上升的；向上的surround [sə'raund] vt. & vi. 包围；围绕△the Rocky Mountains 落基山脉harbour ['hɑ:bə] n. （= harbor）海港measure ['meʒə] vi. & vt. 测量；衡量；判定n. 计量制；计量单位；措施aboard [ə'bɔ:d] prep. & adv. 在船、飞机、火车或公汽上settledown定居；平静下来；专心于manage to do设法做catch sight of看见；瞥见eagle['i:ɡl] n. 鹰△stampede n.（美国西部或加拿大）大西部赛马会△cowboy ['kau,bɔi] n. 牛仔；牧童have a gift for对……有天赋within[wi'ðin, wi'θin] prep. 在……之内border ['bɔ:də] n. 边界；国界；边沿vt. & vi. 与……接壤；接近slight [slait] adj. 轻微的；微小的slightly ['slaitli] adv. 稍稍；轻微地acre ['eikə] n. 英亩urban ['ə:bən] adj. 城市的；市镇的△Thunder Bay 桑德湾△Lake Superior 苏必利尔湖△location [ləu'keiʃən] n. 位置；地方△the Vatican City Sate 梵蒂冈城国topic ['tɔpik] n. 话题mix [miks] vt. & vi. 混合；调配mixture ['mikstʃə] n. 混合（物）；混合状态bush [buʃ] n. 灌木（丛）；矮树（丛）maple ['meipl] n. 枫；枫树frost [frɔst] n. 霜；霜冻confirm [kən'fə:m] vt. 证实；证明；批准wealthy ['welθi] adj. 富有的distance ['distəns] n. 距离；远方in the distance在远处mist [mist] n. 薄雾misty ['misti] adj. 有薄雾的；模糊的△Niagara n.尼亚加拉（河；瀑布）schoolmate ['sku:lmeit] n. 同学；校友booth [bu:ð, bu:θ] n. 公用电话间；货摊；售货亭downtown ['daun'taun] adj. 市区的adv. 在市区；往市区△pearl [pə:l] n. 珍珠△Cantonese n.&adj.广东人（的）；广州人（的）；广东话（的）approximately [ə'prɔksimitli] adv. 接近；大约dawn [dɔ:n] n. 黎明；拂晓；破晓△workplace ['wə:kpleis] n. 工作场所；工作地点buffet ['bʌfit] n. 自助餐；饮食柜台broad [brɔ:d] adj. 宽阔的；广泛的△St Lawrence River 圣劳伦斯河nearby ['niə'bai] adv. 在附近adj. 附近的；邻近的tradition [trə'diʃən] n. 传统；风俗terrify ['terifai] vt. 使恐怖；恐吓terrified ['terifaid] adj. 恐惧的；受惊吓的pleased [pli:zd] adj. 欣喜的；高兴的；愉快的impress[im'pres, 'impres] vt. 使印象深刻；使铭记impressive [im'presiv] adj. 给人深刻印象的；感人的。
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必修第三册单词表Unit 1lantern n.灯笼；提灯carnival n.狂欢节；嘉年华costume n.（某地或某历史时期的）服装；戏装dress (sb) up穿上盛装；装扮march vi. &n.行进；前进；示威游行congratulation n.祝贺；恭喜congratulate vt.向（某人）道贺；（因某事）为自己感到自豪riddle n.谜语；神秘事件ceremony n.典礼；仪式samba n.桑巴舞；桑巴舞曲make-up n.化妆品；性格；构成方式after all毕竟；别忘了range n.一系列；范围；界限vi.包括；（在一定范围内）变化range from...to...包括从....... 到......之间origin n.起源；起因；出身religion n.宗教；宗教信仰religious adj.宗教的；笃信宗教的figure n.任务；数字；身材vt.认为；认定charm n.魅力；迷人的特征；咒语joy n.高兴；喜悦joyful adj.高兴的；快乐的gratitude n.感激之情；感谢harvest n.收获季节；收获；收成vi. &vt.收割（庄稼）；捕猎（动物、鱼）agriculture adj.农业；农业crop n.庄稼；作物；一季的收成gather vi.聚集；集合vt.聚集；搜集；收割grateful adj.感激的；表示感谢的feature vt.以......为特色n.特色；特征；特点decorate vt.装饰；装潢church n.（基督教的）教堂；礼拜堂significant adj.有重大意义的；显著的fade vi. &vt.逐渐消失；（使）褪色；（身体）变得虚弱fade away逐渐消失；（身体）变得虚弱typical adj.典型的；有代表性的；平常的firecracker n.鞭炮；爆竹evil adj.邪恶的；有害的；罪恶的n.邪恶；罪恶；恶行in spite of不管；尽管commercial adj.商业（化）的；以获利为目的的commercialise vt.使商业化；利用......牟利commercialisation n.商业化take advantage of利用；欺骗；占......的便宜medium n.（pl. media）媒介；手段；方法adj.中等的；中号的the media大众传播媒介reflect vt.显示；反映；反射belief n.信仰；信心；信任faith n.宗教信仰；信仰；相信occasion n.特别的事情（或仪式、庆典）；（适当的）机会have sth in common（兴趣、想法等方面）相同；有相同的特征atmosphere n.气氛；氛围；（地球的）大气（层）lunar adj.阴历的；月球的；月亮的eve n.前夕；前一天envelope n.信封；塑料封套Christmas carol圣诞颂歌merry adj.愉快的；高兴的Merry Christmas圣诞快乐pumpkin n.南瓜pudding n.布丁；（餐末的）甜食mashed potatoes土豆泥roast adj.烤的；焙的vi. &vt.烘烤；焙turkey n.火鸡；火鸡肉roast turkey烤火鸡肉pleased adj.高兴的；满意的firework n.烟火；烟花；pl.烟花表演frank adj.坦率的；直率的to be frank坦白说；坦率的说go off爆炸；走火；离开except for除......之外inner adj.内部的；里面的；内心的autonomous adj.自治的；有自治权的region n.地区；区域；地带represent vt.象征；代表；相当于wrestle vi. &vt.摔跤运动wrestler n.摔跤运动员archery n.射箭术；射箭运动set off出发；动身；启程fancy adj.花哨的；精致的；昂贵的vt.想要；倾慕；自认为是robe n.袍服；礼袍eagle n.雕grace n.优美；优雅；高雅absolutely adv.绝对的；完全的moment n.片刻；瞬间tent n.帐篷pot n.罐；壶；锅brief adj.简洁的；简单的；短暂的branch n.树枝；分支；支流wedding n.婚礼；结婚庆典clap vt.鼓掌；拍手；击掌n.鼓掌；拍手；掌声respect n. &vt.尊敬；尊重horrible adj.令人震惊的；恐怖的；极坏的Coming-of-Age Day成人节Rio（全称Rio de Janeiro）里约热内卢（巴西首都）Carla卡拉Halloween n.万圣节前夕Thanksgiving (day) 感恩节La Tomatina番茄大战Bunol布尼奥尔（西班牙小镇）the Naadam Festival “那达慕”大会Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region内蒙古自治区Mongolian adj.蒙古人的；蒙古的；蒙古语的n.蒙古语；蒙古人Unit 2 moral adj.道德的；道义上的；n.品行；道德；寓意virtue n.高尚的道德；没的；优秀品质dilemma n.进退两难的境地；困境moral dilemma道德困境faint vi.混到；晕厥adj.不清楚的；微弱的illustrate vt.（举例）说明；阐明；给（书或文章）加插图precious adj.珍稀的；宝贵的entrust vt.委托；交付carry sb through sth帮助某人渡过难关marriage n.结婚；婚姻majority n.大部分；大多数complain vi. &vt.抱怨；发牢骚tuition n.（小组）教学；讲课fee n.专业服务费；报酬tuition fees学费respond vt.回答；回复vi.做出反应；回应response n.反应；回答；回复union n.协会；联合会；工会scholarship n.奖学金hire vt.聘任；雇用；租用n.租借；租用physician n.医师；（尤指）内科医生resident physician住院医师colleague n.同事；同僚reject vt.拒绝接受；不录用rejection n.拒绝接受；否决appoint vt.任命；委派clinic n.诊所；门诊部faraway adj.遥远的elect vt.选举；推选election n.选举；推选；当选decade n.十年；十年期elsewhere adv.在别处；去别处tend vt.照顾；照料vi.倾向；趋于tend to to sth易于做某事；往往会发生某事publish vt.发表（作品）；出版staff n.员工；全体职员retire vi&vt.退休；退职；退出saving n.节省物；节省；节约；pl.朱旭金；存款kindergarten n.学前班；幼儿园principle n.道德原则；法则；原则passive adj.被动的；顺从的scared adj.害怕的；对......都感到惊慌或恐惧的scare vt.惊吓；使害怕vi.受惊吓sharp adj.（增长、下跌等）急剧的；锋利的；明显的insurance n.保险；保险业energetic adj.精力充沛的；充满活力的replace vt.接替；取代；更换accident n.事故；车祸；失事operation n.手术；企业；经营whisper vi. &vt.悄声说；耳语；低语n.耳语（声）；低语（声）；传言；谣传midnight n.子夜；午夜import n.进口；进口商品；vt.进口；输入；引进export n.出口；出口商品；vt.出口；输出；传播pole n.（行星的）极；地极lap n.（坐着时的）大腿部；（跑道等的）一圈bite vt. &vi.咬；叮；蛰n.咬；（咬下的）一口；咬伤lip n.嘴唇assist vt.帮助；原著first aid急救pass away去世chairman n.主席；主持人；董事长memory n.记忆力；会议in memory of作为对......的纪念chain n.一连串（人或事）；链条；链条cafén.咖啡馆；小餐馆waitress n.（餐馆的）女服务员：女侍者pregnant adj.怀孕的；妊娠的disguise vt.装扮；假扮；掩盖；n.伪装；化妆用具maple n.枫树；槭树cart n手推车；运货马车spill vi. &vt.（使）洒出；（使）溢出trip over被......绊倒limp vi.跛行；一瘸一拐地走tear n.眼泪；泪水in tears流着泪；含着泪harm n. &vt.伤害；损害despair n.绝望vi.绝望，感到无望in despair处于绝望中might n.力量；威力a great deal (of) 大量fable n.寓言；寓言故事court n.（网球等的）球场；法院；法庭flexible adj.灵活的；可变通的income n.收入；收益per prep.每；每一therefore adv.因此；所以tension n.紧张关系；紧张；焦虑Peking Union Medical College北京协和医学院the Wenhai Scholarship “文海”奖学金the OB-GYN department（全称Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology）妇产科the People’s Republic of China中华人民共和国the National People’s Congress 全国人民代表大会the North/South Pole北极/南极Henry Norman Bethune亨利·诺曼·白求恩Unit 3diverse adj.不同的；多种多样的diversity n.差异（性）；不同（点）；多样性fortune n.机会；运气fortune cookie幸运曲奇gumbo n.秋葵汤（用秋葵做的浓鸡汤或海鲜汤）nachos n.墨西哥玉米片chip n.（英）炸土豆条；（美）炸薯片；芯片；碎片cheese n.干酪；奶酪spicy adj.加有香料的；辛辣的ethnic adj.具有民族特色的；异国风味的；民族的；种族的admit vi. &vt.成人；vt.准许进入（或加入）definitely adv.肯定；确实occur vi.发生；出现downtown adv.在市中心；往市中心mission n.传教（区）；重要任务；使命district n.地区；区域graffiti n.涂鸦；乱写乱画comic n.连环画杂志；漫南杂志；喜剧演员adj.滑稽的；使人发笑的afterwards adj.以后；后来head to（朝......）前进；（向......）去historical adj.（有关）历史的seek vt. &vi.寻找；寻求；争取；（向人）请求seek one’s fortune寻找成功致富之路；闯世界earn vt. &vi.换得；赚得；赢得；博得earn a living 谋生immigrant n.（外来）移民；外侨select vt.选择；挑选；选拔china n.瓷；瓷器jazz n.爵士乐bar n.酒吧；小吃店；小馆子diagram n.简图；图解；图表；示意图journal n.日志；日记；报纸；刊物claim vt. &n.夺取（生命）；宣称，断言series n.一系列；连续；接连series of一系列或一连串（事件）apart from除了......外（还）；此外minority n.少数民族；少数派；少数人escape vi. &vt.逃走；逃脱；避开n.逃跑；逃脱；解脱bring about导致；引起Atlantic adj.大西洋的financial adj.财政的；财务的；金融的poetry n.诗集；诗歌；诗作jeans n.牛仔裤boot n.靴子mushroom n.蘑菇；蕈poisonous adj.引起中毒的；有毒的；分泌毒素的poison n.毒物；毒药；毒素vt.毒死；毒害fold vt.包；裹；折叠vt. &vi.（可）折小；（可）叠平super adv.特别；格外adj.顶好的；超级的collection n.作品集；收集物；收藏品accessory n.配饰；附件；配件souvenir n.纪念物；纪念品percentage n百分率；百分比climate n.气候mild adj.温和的；和善的；轻微的settle vt. &vi.定居；结束（争论）；解决（纠纷）construction n.建筑；建造；建造物；（句子、短语等的）结构material n.材料；布料；素材adj.物质的；实际的to name but a few仅举几例tai chi n.太极拳clothing n.衣服；服装herbal adj.药草的；香草的suit vt.适合；满足......需要；相配；合身n.西服；套装(at) first hand第一手；亲自item n.项目；一件商品（或物品）；一条（新闻）contain vt.包含；含有；容纳neat adj.极好的；整洁的；整齐的San Francisco圣弗兰西斯科（旧金山）（美国城市）Napa Valley纳帕谷（美国）the Golden Gate Bridge金门桥the Mission District教会区（旧金山）Mexico墨西哥（北美洲国家）California加利福尼亚（美国州名）Cantonese adj.广东的；粤语的；n.粤语；广东人the Richmond District列治文区（旧金山）Huangguoshu Waterfall黄果树瀑布Journey to the West 《西游记》Tin How Temple天后古庙Bank of Canton广东银行Portsmouth Square花园角广场（旧金山）Robert Louis Stevenson罗伯特路易斯蒂文森（英国作家）Unit 4astronaut n.宇航员；太空人procedure n.程序；步骤；手续mental adj.精神的；思想的cm abbr.（centimetre or centimeter）厘米intelligent adj.有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的rocket n.火箭；火箭弹gravity n.重礼；阴历frontier n.边境；国界；边远地区vehicle n.交通工具；车辆universe n.宇宙；天地万物determined adj.有决心的；意志坚定地determine vt.查明；确定；决定satellite n.人造卫星；卫星launch vt. &n.发射；发起；上市orbit n.（环绕地球、太阳等运行的）轨道；势力范围vt. &vi.沿轨道运行；环绕......运行giant adj.巨大的；伟大的n.巨人；巨兽；伟人leap n.跳跃；剧增；剧变vi. &vt.跳过；跃过mankind n.人类agency n.（政府的）专门机构；服务机构；代理处transmit vt. &vi.传输；发送data n.资料；数据disappointed adj.失望的；沮丧的desire n.渴望；欲望vt.渴望；期望carry on继续做；坚持干ongoing adj.持续存在的；仍在进行的；不断发展的on board在宇宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上independently adv.独立的；自主的independent adj.独立的；自理的spacecraft n.航天器；宇宙飞船spacewalk n.太空行走；太空行走的时间jade n.玉；翡翠；玉器dock vi. &vt.（两架航天器）对接；（使）......进港；n.码头；船坞signal vt. &vi.标志着；标明；发信号n.信号；标志in the hope of doing sth抱着......的希望so as to (do sth) 为了；以使recycle vt.回收利用；再利用muscle n.肌肉；实力；影响力lack n.缺乏；短缺vt.没有；缺乏float vi.浮动；漂流；漂浮vt.使浮动；使漂流otherwise adv.否则；要不然beyond prep.在更远处；超出solar adj.太阳的；太阳能的solar system太阳系；类太阳系current adj.当前的；现在的n.水流；电流；思潮figure out弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白sufficient adj.足够的；充足的soap n.肥皂towel n.毛巾；抹布microwave n.微波炉tissue n.纸巾；（人、动植物细胞的）组织facility n.设施；设备keen adj.热衷的；渴望的globe n.地球；世界；地球仪argue vt. &vi论证；争辩；争论argument n.争论；争吵；论点fatal adj.致命的；灾难性的shallow adj.肤浅的；浅的result in导致；造成pattern n.模式；图案；模范analysis n.（对事物的）分析；分析结果as a result所以；结果（是）high-end adj.高端的monitor n.监视器；检测仪vt.监视；监测；监控regularly adv.经常；定期地regular adj.定期的；经常的；正常的foam n.泡沫橡胶；泡沫pillow n.枕头smartphone n.智能手机resource n.资源；财力；物力limited adj.有限的provide for sb提供生活所需closing adj.结尾的；结束的n.停业；关闭；倒闭in closing最后mystery n.神秘事物；谜run out用完；耗尽attach vt.系；绑；贴oxygen n.氧；氧气Sputnik “旅伴一号”（苏联发射的人类第一颗人造卫星）the USSR abbr. the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics苏联Yuri Gagarin尤里加加林（苏联宇航员）Neil Armstrong尼尔阿姆斯特朗（美国宇航员）NASA abbr. National Aeronautics and Space Administration（美国）国家航空与航天局V oyager 1 “旅行者一号”Soyuz 11 “联盟11号”Challenger “挑战者”号航天飞机the International Space Station国际空间站Jade Rabbit “玉兔”月球车Mars n.火星Jupiter n.木星Typhoon Goni台风天鹅GPS abbr. global positioning system全球（卫星）定位系统Unit 5basis n.基础；根据；基点on the basis of在某时的基础上；根据某事loan n.贷款；借款take out a loan取得贷款plastic n.塑料adj.塑料制的；塑料的apologise vi.道歉；谢罪ignore vt.忽视；对......不予理会in return作为回报；作为回应judge vt. &vi评价；评判；判断；n.法官；审判员；裁判员scene n.（戏剧或歌剧的）场；现场；场面narrator n.（书、戏剧或电影中的）叙述者；讲述着；（电视节目中的）幕后解说员narration n.叙述；讲述；解说bet n.打赌；堵住vi. &vt.下赌注；用......打赌vt.敢说make a bet打个赌servant n.仆人；用人as a matter of fact事实上；其实；说真的by accident偶然的；以外的sail vi. &vt.（船）航行；（人）乘船航行spot vt.看见；注意到；发现n.地点；处所；斑点；污迹consulate n.领事馆dare vi. &modal v.胆敢；敢于sort n.种类；类别mining n.采矿；采矿业patience n.耐心；忍耐力；毅力to be honest说实话；坦率的说ought to应该；应当be about to do sth即将或正要（做某事）indicate vi. &vt.表明；显示vt.象征；暗示beneath adv. &prep.在（或往）......下面；在......的表面之下postpone vt.延迟；延期；延缓odd adj.奇怪的；怪异的；反常的obligation n.义务；职责；责任intention n.打算；计划；意图；目的nowhere adv.无处；哪里都不in case以防；以防万一extent n.程度；限度；大小；范围to...extent到......程度；在......程度上musical n.音乐剧adj.音乐的dinosaur n.恐龙hug vi. &vt.拥抱；抱紧pursue vt.追求；致力于duty n.责任；义务；职责；值班on duty值班；执勤hesitate vt.犹豫；迟疑；顾虑sequence vt.按顺序排列n.顺序；一系列eventually adv.最后；终于tailor n.（男装）裁缝vt.专门制作；定做clerk n.职员；文书；店员manner n.举止；行为方式；方法；pl.礼貌；礼仪in a...manner以一种......的方式；带着一副......的样子downstairs adv.顺楼梯而下；在楼下；往楼下stair n.楼梯；梯级aside adv.到旁边；在旁边；留；存frown n. &vi皱眉in that case既然那样；假使那样的话option n.可选择的事物；选择；选择权broad adj.宽阔的；广阔的；广泛的indeed adv.其实；实际上；当然；确实normal adj.典型的；正常的；一般的；精神正常的n.常态；通常标准；一般水平willing adj. 愿意；乐意be willing to do sth愿意或乐意做莫事element n要素；基本部分plot n故事情节；布局；阴谋ambassador n大使；使节；代表upper-class adj.上流社会的；上等阶层的upper adj.上流的；上层的；靠上部的the upper class上流社会；上等阶层maintain vt.维持；保持；维修；保养permission n.准许；续课；批准；许可证permit vt. &vi.允许；准许；使有可能saying n.谚语；格言；警句external adj.外部的；外面的；外来的Roderick罗德里克Oliver奥利弗Henry Adams亨利亚当斯The Phantom of the Opera 《歌剧魅影》（音乐剧）Reid里德Todd托德Portia Langham波西亚兰厄姆。
Book3Unit11.take place 发生The next meeting will take place on Thursday. Talks between the two sides are still taking place.Major changes are taking place in society.Occur happen come about break outHe took second place in the long jump. If you would like to take your places, the food will be served shortly.take the place of somebody/something also take somebody's/something's place(possession)[= replace] under/in one’s charge in the charge of sbNatural methods of pest control are now taking the place of chemicals. I had to find someone to take Jenny's place. 2.beauty n.美;美人1）appearance [uncountable] a quality that people, places, or things have that makes them very attractive to look at: her beauty and grace an area of outstanding natural beauty2）woman [countable] a woman who is very beautiful: She was considered a great beauty in her youth.3）poem/music/emotion etc [uncountable] a quality that something such as a poem, song, emotion etc has, which gives you pleasure or joy the beauty of Shakespeare's verse4）advantage the beauty of something a particularly good quality that makes something especially suitable or useful: The beauty of e-mail is its speed and ease of use.beauty is in the eye of the beholder used to say that different people have different opinions about what is beautiful beauty contest beauty queen beauty mark/spot3．harvest n.vt.vi.收获;收割vt. Vi. to gather crops from the fields1）[uncountable and countable] the time when crops are gathered from the fields, or the act of gathering themat harvest/at harvest time wheat/rice/grape etc harvest2）[countable] the crops that have been gathered, or the amount and quality of the crops gatheredgood/bumper harvest (=a lot of crops) Plum growers are expecting a bumper harvest this year.poor/bad harvest (=few crops)3）reap a harvest t o get good or bad results from your actions: You reap what you sowThe company is now reaping the harvest of careful planning. Harvest festival (thanksgiving day)4.celebration n.庆祝;祝贺celebrate Christmas/Thanksgiving1）[countable] an occasion or party when you celebrate something anniversary/birthday etc celebrations2）[singular, uncountable] the act of celebrating in celebration of somethinga reception in celebration of the Fund's 70th Anniversary The show is a celebration of new young talent.I think this is a cause for celebration (=reason to celebrate).in charge of in search of In honor of in memory of in need ofIn place of in praise of in the hope of in favor ofIn case of in view of in support ofIn exchange for in return for in reward for in preparation forif something is done or made in memory of someone, it is done to remember them and remind other people of them after they have died: a statue in memory of those who died in the warShe set up a charitable fund in her father's memory.have a good/excellent/ bad/poor/terrible etc memory for nameslose your memory remain/stay in your memory bring back memories5.hunter n.狩猎者;猎人bargain hunter6.starve vi.vt.使饿死;饿得要死1）[intransitive] to suffer or die because you do not have enough to eat:Thousands of people will starve if food doesn't reach the city. pictures of starving childrenThey'll either die from the cold or starve to death (=die from lack of food).be starved to death2）[transitive] to prevent someone from having enough food to live: The poor dog looked like it had been starved. 3）be starving also be starved American English to be very hungry:You must be starving! starve somebody/something of something phrasal verbto not give something that is needed: The schools are starved of funding.The poor kid is just starved for attention. hungry for (eager thirsty dying)She is hungry for success. hungry to do somethingStan was hungry to learn. people dying of starvation [uncountable] starvation wages extremely low wages 7.origin n.起源;由来;起因1）also origins [plural] the place or situation in which something begins to exista new theory to explain the origins of the universein origin Most coughs are viral in origin.The word is French in origin.The tradition has its origins in the Middle Ages. old folk tales of unknown origincountry/place of origin (=where something came from) All meat should be clearly labelled with its country of origin. 2）also origins [plural] the country, race, or type of family which someone comes fromof French/German/Asian etc origin Two thirds of the pupils are of Asian origin.The form asks for information about the person's ethnic origin. Immigrants rarely return to their country of origin. She never forgot her humble origins (=low class or social position)..Source a thing, place, activity etc that you get something from: They get their money from various sources.a useful source of information Beans are a very good source of protein.For me, music is a great source of enjoyment. the country's main source of income energy/food/light source original1）first [only before noun] existing or happening first, before other people or things:The land was returned to its original owner.The kitchen still has many original features (=parts that were there when the house was first built).the original meaning of the word The original plan was to fly out to New York.2）new completely new and different from anything that anyone has thought of before:I don't think George is capable of having original ideas! A highly original design3）a work of art [only before noun] an original work of art is the one that was made by the artist and is not a copy: The original painting is now in the National Gallery in London.8.religious adj.宗教上的;信奉宗教的;虔诚的Christianity Christian religion1）relating to religion in general or to a particular religion: I don't share her religious beliefs.a religious school the dates of major religious observances such as Easter or Christmas2）believing strongly in your religion and obeying its rules carefully:A deeply religious person9.*seasonal adj.季节的；季节性的Seasonal rains seasonal workers/employment etcseasonal jobs in the tourist industry10.ancestor n.祖先；祖宗descendant forefather My ancestors were French.Lions and house cats evolved from a common ancestor (=the same ancestor).Babbage's invention was the ancestor of the modern computer.11.Obon n.坟墓；墓地Obon is one of the most important Japanese traditions. People believe that their ancestors' spirits come back to their homes to be reunited with their family during Obon and pray for the spirits. For the reason, Obon is an important family gathering time, and many people return to their hometowns.Japanese people clean their houses and place a variety of food offerings such as vegetables and fruits to the spirits of ancestors in front of a butsudan (Buddhist altar). Chochin lanterns and arrangements of flower are usually placed by the butsudan.floating lanterns) is a tradition often observed during Obon. People send off their ancestors' spirits with the lanterns, litby a candle inside and floated down a river to the ocean.12.grave n.熏香；熏香的烟the place in the ground where a dead body is buried [↪ tomb]:At the head of the grave there was a small wooden cross.13.Mexico n.墨西哥（拉丁美洲的国家）Mexican14.feast n.节日；盛宴a wedding feast The king promised to hold a great feast for all his people.Next week's film festival should be a real feast for cinema-goers. The play is also a visual feast.A feast for the eyes15.*skull n.头脑；头骨Skull and crossbones1）a picture of a human skull with two bones crossed below it, used in past times on the flags of pirate ships2）a picture of a human skull with two bones crossed below it, used on containers to show that what is inside is poison or very dangerous Skull cap beanie16.bone n.骨；骨头skin and bone v ery thin: She was all skin and bone.on the bone meat that is served on the bone is still joined to the bone:a boiled ham on the bone off the bone meat that is served off the bone has been cut away from the bone: roasted duck, off the bone bone china17.*Halloween n.万圣节前夕；诸圣节前夕the night of October 31st, which is now celebrated by children, who dress in costumes and go from house to house asking for sweets, especially in the US and Canada. In the past, people believed the souls of dead people appeared on Halloween.October 31 st was the eve of the Celtic（凯尔特人的）new year. The Celts were the ancestors of the present-day Irish, Welsh and Scottish people. On this day ghosts walked and mingled with the living, or so the Celts thought. The townspeople baked food all that day and when night fell they dressed up and tried to resemble the souls of the dead. Hoping that the ghosts would leave peacefully before midnight of the new year.18.belief n.信任；信心；信任a strong belief in Godhis passionate belief that technology is a tool to be used with imaginationIt is my belief that we will find a cure for cancer in the next ten years.Thieves broke into the building in the mistaken belief that there was expensive computer equipment inside.It is a widely held belief that violent crime is increasing.Contrary to popular belief, eating carrots does not improve your eyesight. What she did was stupid beyond belief.It is believed that the house was built in 1735. be believed to be somethingAt 115, Mrs Jackson is believed to be the oldest person in the country.The four men are widely believed (=believed by a lot of people) to have been killed by their captors.I firmly believe that the business will be a success.19．dress up 盛装；打扮；装饰1）to wear special clothes for fun, or to put special clothes on someoneHe went to the party dressed up as a Chicago gangster. I keep a box of old clothes for the children to dress up in. dress somebody ↔ up We dressed him up as a gorilla.2）to wear clothes that are more formal than the ones you would usually wear:It's a small informal party - you don't have to dress up.Aunt Margaret told her to dress herself in her nicest dress. I dress the kids before I go to work.I've got to go home to dress. How do you normally dress for work?We usually dress for dinner (=wear formal clothes for our evening meal).Get/be dressed in dress my kid in his best shirtwound/cut [transitive] to clean, treat, and cover a wound dress the wound hair dresser20.trick n.诡计；恶作剧；窍门；欺骗；诈骗play a trick on 搞恶作剧；诈骗；开玩笑At first he thought someone was coming towards him, but it was just a trick of the light.My uncle was always showing me card tricks when I was a kid. a magic tricka salesman who knew all the tricks of the trade (=clever methods used in a particular job)play a joke/trick/prank on somebody to do something to someone as a joke or trickmake jokes about make fun of crack a joke21.poet n.诗人poem poetry [uncountable]poems in generalColumbus Day 哥伦布日a US public holiday held on October 12th to honour Christopher Columbus22.arrival n.到来；到达；到达者1 ）[uncountable and countable] when someone or something arrives somewhere [≠departure]:Only the timely arrival of the police prevented the situation from becoming worse.Traffic problems account for one third of late arrivals. Shortly after our arrival in London, Lisa was attacked.on arrival A deposit is payable on arrival (=when you arrive).2）the arrival of somethinga) the time when a new idea, product etc is first used or discovered:The demand for phone numbers has increased since the arrival of mobile phones.b) the time when an event or period of time starts to happen:The arrival of winter can make many people feel depressed.3）[countable] someone who has just arrived in a place: New arrivals were greeted with suspicion.Late arrivals will not be admitted to the theatre.4）new arrival a baby who has just been born23*Christopher Columbus 克里斯托弗•哥伦布（意大利航海家）an Italian sailor and explorer who many people think of as the first European to discover America, in 1492. He arrived in America by accident when he was trying to find a new way to Asia by sailing west from Spain. Most people now think that the first discovery of America by Europeans was about 500 years earlier, by the Norwegian Leif Ericsson24.gain vt.获得；得到1）get something [transitive] t o obtain or achieve something you want or needgain control/power Radical left-wing parties gained control of local authorities.After gaining independence in 1957, it was renamed 'Ghana'. gain a degree/qualification etc2）get gradually [intransitive and transitive] to gradually get more and more of a quality, feeling etc, especially a useful or valuable one: She has gained a reputation as a good communicator.Many of his ideas have gained popular support. an opportunity to gain experience in a work environment The youngsters gradually gain confidence in their abilities.3)advantage [intransitive and transitive] to get an advantage from a situation, opportunity, or eventgain (something) from (doing) something There is much to be gained from seeking expert advice early.There's nothing to be gained (=it will not help you) by losing your temper.4)increase [transitive] to increase in weight, speed, height, or value: Carrie's gained a lot of weight recently.5) gain access/entry/admittance etc (to something)to manage to enter a place, building, or organization:New ramps will help the disabled gain better access. methods used by burglars to gain entry to houses6) gain an understanding/impression to learn or find out about somethingWe are hoping to gain a better understanding of the underlying process.This enabled me to gain an overall impression of the school.n. There are obvious gains for the student. Eating too many fatty goods could cause weight gain.Retail sales showed a gain of 0.4%. No pains, no gains.25.independence n. 独立；自主independent adj.独立的；自主的Nigeria gained independence from Britain in 1960.Lithuania was the first of the Soviet republics to declare independence (=officially state its independence).The country has made great advances since independence. ways of helping old people maintain their independence Having a job gives you financial independence. We need a central bank that is independent of the government. independent school especially British English (=one not owned or paid for by the government)independent television/radio/broadcasting etc British English (=not owned or paid for by the government)There were no independent witnesses to the shooting.independent inquiry/advice/opinion etc (=carried out by or given by an independent person or organization)Human rights groups have called for an independent inquiry into the killings.By this age, the child becomes relatively independent of his mother.reports from two separate sources entirely independent of one another26.gather vt. & vi. & n.搜集；集合；聚集1)come together [intransitive and transitive] t o come together and form a group, or to make people do this:A crowd gathered to watch the fight. Thousands of people gathered outside the embassy.gather around/round Gather round, everyone, so that you can see the screen.During the air raids, we gathered the children around us and sang songs. gather togetherCould the bride's family all gather together for a photo?be gathered Dozens of photographers were gathered outside Jagger's villa.2)know/think [intransitive,transitive not in progressive] to believe that something is true because of what you have seen or heard [= understand]: You two know each other, I gather.gather (that) I gather you've had some problems with our sales department.from what I can gather/as far as I can gather (=this is what I believe to be true)She's his niece, from what I can gather.3）collect [intransitive and transitive] to get things from different places and put them together in one place:The researcher's job is to gather information about people.4）gather speed/force/momentum etc to move faster, become stronger, get more support etc:The cart gathered speed as it coasted down the hill. The international relief effort appears to be gathering momentum. 5）gather dust if something gathers dust, it is not being used: books just gathering dust on the shelf6）gather yourself/your strength/your thoughts to prepare yourself for something you are going to do, especially something difficult: I took a few moments to gather my thoughts before going into the meeting.N 1) a meeting of a group of people: a select gathering of 20 or 30 people2 )intelligence/information etc gathering the process of collecting information from many different places27.agriculture n.农业；农艺；农学More than 75% of the land is used for agriculture.agricultural land agricultural labourers agricultural n.农业的；农艺的28.award n.奖；奖品vt.授予；判定1) something such as a prize or money given to someone to reward them for something they have doneaward for the Presidential Award for Excellence in Science and Mathematics Teachingwin/receive an award Rosie was in London to receive her award as Mum of the Year.The hotel's award-winning restaurant specializes in traditional food.Magnusson presented the £1000 award to the group's chairman.2) something, especially money, that is officially given to someone as a payment or after a legal decision:the teachers' pay award an award for unfair dismissalreward reward sb with sthsomething that you get because you have done something good or helpful or have worked hardmoney that is offered to people for helping the police to solve a crime or catch a criminalvt. 1) to officially give someone something such as a prize or money to reward them for something they have done: Moodie has been awarded a golf scholarship at the University of Hawaii.award somebody something The judge awarded me first prize.award something to somebody A Nobel Prize was awarded to Waksman in 1952.2）to officially decide that someone should receive a payment or a formal agreementaward somebody something The government awarded a German company the contract.award something to somebody £45,000 was awarded to a typist with an injured hand.28.*produce n.产品；（尤指）[uncountable]food or other things that have been grown or produced on a farm to be soldagricultural/organic etc produce dairy produce British English (=milk, butter, cheese etc)product1）[uncountable and countable] something that is grown or made in a factory in large quantities, usually in order to be sold [↪ produce, production] agricultural/dairy/software etc productsHe works in marketing and product development.2 ）the product of somethinga) if someone is the product of a particular background or experience, their character is typical of that background or the result of that experience: Paula was the product of a sheltered middle-class home.b) if something is the product of a particular situation, process etc, it is the result of that situation or process:The report was the product of four years' hard work.Production [uncountable] increase/rise/fall etc in productionbe in production (=being produced) By September, the new motors were in production.go into/out of production (=begin to be produced in large numbers, or stop being produced)The new model will go into production next year.on/upon (the) production of something formal when you show something:Entrance is only permitted on production of a ticket.29.rooster n.雄禽；公鸡 a male chicken = cock hen30 admire vt.赞美；钦佩；羡慕1）to respect and like someone because they have done something that you think is good:I really admire the way she brings up those kids all on her own. admire somebody for (doing) something Lewis was much admired for his work on medieval literature.2）to look at something and think how beautiful or impressive it is:We stopped halfway to admire the view. Sal stood back to admire her work.Admiring showing that you think someone or something is very impressive or attractive:admiring glances in admiration Daniel gazed at her in admiration.admiration for I'm full of admiration for the crew who handled this crisis.admiration of Her riding soon drew the admiration of the older girls.31.energetic adj.充满活力的；精力充沛的；积极的having or needing a lot of energy or determination:an energetic man an energetic drive to get more customers energetic in doing something32.look forward to 期望；期待；盼望to be excited and pleased about something that is going to happen:I'm really looking forward to our vacation. look forward to doing somethingMy mother says she's looking forward to meeting you. I felt that at last I could begin to look forward.33.*carnival n.狂欢节；（四旬斋前）饮宴狂欢；嘉年华（会）1）[uncountable and countable] a public event at which people play music, wear special clothes, and dance in the streets: preparations for this year's carnival when it's Carnival in Rio a carnival atmosphere in the town2 ）[countable] American English a noisy outdoor event at which you can ride on special machines and play games for prizes [= funfair British English]3）[countable] American English a school event at which students play games for prizes34.*lunar adj.月的；月亮的；阴历的The Dragon Boat Festival is in May 5 on the lunar calendar.The Moon Festival is on the 15th day of the 8th lunar month.35.Easter n.（耶稣）复活节(The first Sunday after the first full moon following the vernal equinox(春分))1）a Christian holy day in March or April when Christians remember the death of Christ and his return to life:on Easter Sunday2）the period of time just before and after Easter Dayat Easter We'll probably go away at Easter. Easter holiday/weekend/breakWe spent the Easter holidays in Wales. Easter Bunny an imaginary rabbit that children believe brings chocolate eggs at Easter Easter egg Good Fridaythe Friday before the Christian holiday of Easter, that Christians remember as the day Jesus Christ was crucified36.*parade n.游行；阅兵；检阅1）a public celebration when musical bands, brightly decorated vehicles etc move down the street:a victory parade the St Patrick's Day parade2）a military ceremony in which soldiers stand or march together so that important people can examine them:a military parade on parade (=be standing or marching in a parade) troops on parade3）a line of people moving along so that other people can watch them: a fashion parade4）a series of people, events etc that seems to never endparade of She had a constant parade of young men coming to visit her.V. 1）protest/celebrate [intransitive always + adverb/preposition]PPG to walk or march together to celebrate or protest about something parade around/past etcThe marchers paraded peacefully through the capital.2）show something [transitive] if you parade your skills, knowledge, possessions etc, you show them publicly in order to make people admire you [= show off]: Young athletes will get a chance to parade their skills.3）walk around [intransitive always + adverb/preposition] to walk around, especially in a way that shows that you want people to notice and admire you parade around/past etcA trio of girls in extremely tight shorts paraded up and down.4）show somebody [transitive always + adverb/preposition] if prisoners are paraded on television or through the streets, they are shown to the public, in order to prove that the people holding them are important or powerful:The prisoners were paraded in front of the TV cameras.5)proudly show [transitive] to proudly show something or someone to other people, because you want to look impressive to them [= show off]: She paraded her new team. war medals paraded for public admiration6)soldiers [intransitive and transitive]\ if soldiers parade, or if an officer parades them, they march together so that an important person can watch them37.day and night 日夜；昼夜；整天night and day/day and night all the time:The store is guarded day and night. We had to work night and day to get it finished.night or day/day or night at any time: You can call me any time, night or day.all day/year/summer etc long during all of the day etcday after day also day in day out continuously for a long time in a way that is annoying or boring:I couldn't stand sitting at a desk day after day. day by day slowly and gradually:Her health was improving day by day. around the clock also round the clockBritish English all day and all night without stopping: Kim has been working round the clock to finish it in time.24/7 24hours a day and 7days a week38.clothing n.衣服39. Christian n.基督徒；信徒adj.基督教的；信基督教的*Jesus n.耶稣*cherry n.樱桃；樱桃树*blossom n.花vj.开花as though 好像have fun with 玩得开心custom n.习惯worldwide adj.遍及全世界的；世界性的everywhere in the world:We have offices in over 56 countries worldwide.cars with a worldwide reputation for reliability*rosebud n.玫瑰花蕾1 the flower of a rose before it opens2 rosebud mouth/lips a mouth or lips that have a small round shape and are very redfool n.愚人；白痴；受骗者vt.愚弄；欺骗vi.干傻事；开玩笑adj.傻的1stupid person [countable] a stupid person or someone who has done something stupid [= idiot]:What a fool she had been to think that he would stay.Like a fool, I accepted straight away.You silly old fool! Jerk2 make a fool of yourself t o do something stupid that you feel embarrassed about afterwards and that makes you seem silly:Sorry I made such a fool of myself last night. I must have been drunk.3 make a fool of somebody to deliberately do something to make someone else seem stupid:I suddenly realised that I was being made a fool of.1 [transitive] to trick someone into believing something that is not true:Even art experts were fooled.you don't/can't fool meYou can't fool me with that old excuse.be fooled by somethingDon't be fooled by appearances.fool somebody into doing somethingI was fooled into believing their promises.2 f ool yourself t o try to make yourself believe something that you know is not really true:It's no good fooling yourself. He's not coming back.3 you could have fooled me spoken used to show that you do not believe what someone has told you:'Look, we're doing our best to fix it.' 'Well, you could have fooled me.'4 somebody is just fooling spoken used to say that someone is not serious and is only pretending that something is true [= somebody is just kidding]:Don't pay any attention to Henry. He's just fooling.fool around phrasal verb1 to waste time behaving in a silly way or doing things that are not important [= mess around]:He always used to fool around in class.2 to behave in a way which is careless and not responsible [= mess around]fool around withSome idiot's been fooling around with the electricity supply!3 American English to spend time doing something that you enjoy, but that does not have a particular purpose [= mess around]:The boys were out in the yard, just fooling around.4 to have a sexual relationship with someone else's wife, boyfriend etc [= mess around]:She found out that he'd been fooling around behind her back.fool with something phrasal verb1 to touch or play with something, especially when you should not [= mess with something]:Who's been fooling with the radio dial?2 to become involved in something which could cause damage or be dangerous [= mess with something]。
Book 3 Unit 3 教材总结Text A一、单词1. noteworthy a. 值得注意的；显著的2. domain n. [C]（活动、兴趣或知识的）领域，范围，范畴portray vt. 1扮演（角色）2 (~ sb. / sth. as sth.)把某人/某物描写成某种样子Lawyers tend to portray their clients as misguided underprivileged youths.律师往往将自己的当事人描述成受人误导的贫困青年。
3. exemplary a. 模范的；可作楷模的ambassador n. [C]大使4. brutality n. [C, U]野蛮行为；野蛮事件The ruler's brutality forced unarmed citizens to defend themselves.统治者的野蛮行径迫使手无寸铁的市民进行自卫。
5. captive a. 被关押的；遭监禁的6. dart vi. 猛冲；突进7. huddle v. （因生病、寒冷或烦恼）蜷缩着身体8. foul a. t 肮脏的；难闻的；难吃的9. anonymous a. 无名的；不署名的10. refugee n. [C]难民；避难者11. fragile a. 脆弱的；易碎的；易损坏的This great recession clearly demonstrates how fragile the markets are.这次经济大萧条清楚地表明市场是多么脆弱。
12. fragility n. [U] 脆弱13. afflict vt. 使受痛苦；折磨14. immigrant n. [C]（外来）移民15. rigorous a. 1严酷的；严厉的To get a doctoral degree, you are required to have rigorous training in research and specialized knowledge in your subject areas.要想获得博士学位，你得在研究方面进行严苛的训练，还得有课题方面的专业知识。
话题词汇1．universe n．宇宙2．space n．太空3．spaceship/spacecraft n．宇宙飞船4．astronaut n．宇航员5．orbit n．轨道6．star n．恒星7．haveagreateffecton对……有很大影响8．makeagreatdifference起很大作用；产生很大影响9．changeone’slife改变某人的生活10．benefitfrom得益于，从……获益经典语篇BEIJING，June20 ()—About330primaryandmiddleschoolstudentsataBeijinghighschoolareeagerlywai tingfortheirteachertobeginaclassfromthespaceonThursdaymorning.Thespeciallecturewillbegininafewminutes，givenbyfemaleastronautWangYaping，oneofthethreecrewmembersofShenzhou-10spacecraft，throughalivevideofeedsystem.ThestudentsaregatheringattheHighSchoolAffiliatedtoRenminUniversityinBeijing.Beforethecla ss，theyfirstwatchedashortfilmaboutthelifeofChineseastronautsonboardofTiangong-1orbiter，whichdockedwithShenzhou-10onJune13.Morethan60millionstudentsandteachersatabout80,000middleschoolsacrossthecountrywillalsow atchthelivebroadcastoftheclassonTV.Wangwillteachaboutmotioninamicrogravityenvironment，thesurfacetensionofliquid，andhelpstudentsunderstandtheconceptsofweightandmassandNewton’sLaws.写作内容1．请用约30个词概括上面的文章。
Book3 unit2 词汇短语讲解1.diet n.日常饮食vi.节食搭配：b e/go on a diet 节食2.protective adj.给予保护的protect v.保护protection n.保护protective food 保健食物environmental protection环境保护protect the ocean environment 保护海洋环境短语protect against 直接加名词~意为“防范。
”protect from 一般用作protect A from B~意为“使A免受B的侵害①He is always protecting against others.他总是防范着别人~②He is always protecting him from danger.他总是保护着自己免受侵害~3.balance vt. 权衡；平衡n.天平；平衡balanced adj.平衡的短语Keep a balanced dietKeep/lose one’s balancebe off one’s balance 失去平衡的，没有站稳的a sense of balancee.g. I found it hard to keep my balance on the icy path.You have to balance the advantages of living in the countryside against the disadvantages.4. ought to应当；应该ought to do/ oughtn’t to doought to have done/ oughtn’t to have done①Every citizen ought to obey law.(表责任或义务)②You ought to talk with your parents positively.（表建议或劝告）③She ought to be home by now.（表推测）注意：“ought to + have + 过去分词”表示过去应做某事而实际未做。
Unit I Festival around the world ( BOOK 3 )III．词类转换：结合所给句子语境，把括号中所给词的适当形式填空：1. He is a famous ________ （poem）and his poems are popular with the youth.2. Drinking and smoking will be ________ (harm) to your health.3. In Indian there is a _____(nation)festival on October.4. 14.The Indian people want to gain their_______(independent).5. India is an _______(agriculture )country6. I enjoy traveling to some _____(Europe) countries.7. On his ________( arrive), he devoted himself into the rescue.8. Don’t be so ___________(fool)-------no one will believe your words.9. The ____________ (energy) young man is a volunteer.10. All the foreign visitors are attracted by the _____________( beautiful ) of the West Lake.11. She entered the lab without _____________ (permit).12. He ________ ( apology) to me for his mistake.13. They gathered together to honor the _______( die), whose __________( die) areheavier than Mountain Tai.14. Without my _____________( permit), no one can enter the room.15. The tiger is closer and closer, we all held our _____________( breathe).IV. 用介词或副词填空1．The new police will lead ______great development.2．Next month we will go to clean the graves _____memory of our ancestors.3．There you can dance and sing ____the music of a band.4．On this important day, people often eat food ___the shape of skulls.5．During the Spring Festival, the children dress__and ask the people ___lucky money.6. It is the custom to decorate churches and town halls _____flowers and fruit.8．He has won awards _____physics9．The Spring Festivals are the ones that look forward ___the end of winter and __the coming of spring.10．We often give children lucky money ___red paper at the Spring Festival.11．The country is covered __cherry trees.12．People would like to get together to drink and have fun ____each other.13. We are proud ____our customsUnit 2 Healthy eatingII．将下列英语单词或短语翻译成汉语：1. muscle2. sugary3. digest4. mutton5. protective6. mushroom7. consult 8. sigh9. signIII．词类转换：结合所给句子语境，把括号中所给词的适当形式填空：1. Foods, such as rice, sugar, butter, oils and so on can give us ___________（energetic）.2. Being an honest man you shouldn’t tell _________( lying).3. It’s important to know your own strengths and ___________(weak).4. I’m t______ of this kind of food. Can’t we change a different one?5. Please add some _________( sugary ) into my coffee.6. Most people ______________( presence) at the meeting are from the South Amercia.7.8. Children’s _________ (curious) with everything plays an important part in their study.9. He tried but failed, so he felt ____________( frustrate )10. Everyone was ____________( amaze ) at his design.11. Girls prefer doing exercise to lose__________( weigh).12. Don’t be _____________( curiosity) about other’s private business.13. Wangxiaoya is a famous ___________( host).14. Everyone of us ought to do more devotion to our society in our ___________( limit) life.IV. 用介词或副词填空ually the products would be sold out ____the end of the month.2. They began chatting ____ menus and balanced diets.3. The competition didn’t end, that is , it was still___.4. I will take all that fat ___ you ____ two weeks to keep you slim if you eat here every day.5. He couldn’t have Yong Hui getting away _____ tel ling people lies!6.He threw ____ the menu and hurried outside.7.He has been _______ (tire) working for this boss.8. Getting rid _____ fat can make you be thinner.9. He did not look forward to being ____ debt because his restaurant was no longer popular.10.She did not look happy but glared __ him as she moved round the customers.11. In this way they cut the fat and increased the fibre in the meal.12. Finally they got married and lived (happy) ever after!Unit 3 The million Pound NoteI．词类转换：结合所给句子语境，把括号中所给词的适当形式填空：1. The beggar was dressed in _______（rag）.2. My salary is paid _______________(direct) into my bank account.3. Just now he bought a dozen e_________ for the letters.4. Look at that little boy __________ (wander) about—per haps he’s lost his mother.5. The _____________( penny) young man had to wander in the street, cold and hungry.6. Marianna listened to his story with ___________ (patient).7. I like “War and Peace”, the great _________ (novelist) by Leo Tolstoy.8. It is ______________ (believe) that a human being has been living in a lonely mountain cave for as long as ten years.9. Though it was ________ (pay), many volunteers took an active part.10. Time ___________ (permit), I’ll explain it to you.11. My God! It is __________( believe) -----he finished the heavy work in such a short time. IV. 用介词或副词填空1. He could account ___ his absence from school.2. Do it _____ a businesslike manner.3. It is not polite to stare other people for a long time.4. You can use the sum of money you like.5.The girl green is a good friend of mine.6 This play is based ___a short story by Mark Twain of the same title.7. When he stepped ashore in London he was rags.8. As ____ the bill, sir please forget it9. be honest, I don’t think we have a chance of winning.10. I only found it accident.11.It would be wrong me not to trust a gentleman such as yourself, sir.12. It is all that I have ________ me.13. We can now easily account many things which were thought to be mysterious by theancients.14. That’s why we’ve given you the letter. James, show Mr Adams _____.15.We are not permitted use his computer.Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the starsI．词类转换：结合所给句子语境，把括号中所给词的适当形式填空：1. A (biology) is a scientist who studies biology.2. She is ( like) her mother; she is tall and her mother is very short.3.As we know, (science)do experiments.4.We should try to keep ourselves healthy mentally and _ ( physicist)5.Because of the air pollution, the (globe)warming is becoming more and more violent.6. With the ______ (develop)of the society, children _________(develop)better in their____________（child ）7. The news _________us. When we heard the _________ news, we felt________.(disappoint)8. She held the baby ___________ (gentle).9. Some western festivals have _____________(religion) reasons.10. all of a sudden, the spaceship crashed the earth ____________( violent).IV. 用介词或副词填空1. Whether life will continue _________ the earth will depend __________ whether this problem can be solved.2. As the rocket rose slowly _________ the air we began to feel the pull of the earth, which is what we call gravity.3. _______ first it pushed us so hard _____ our seats that we could not say anything witheach other.4. On the earth if I fall __________ a tree I will fall ___________ the ground.5. I cheered up_____________( immediate) and floated _________(weight) in our spaceship cabin watching the earth become smaller and the moon larger.6. Watch the stars _____ his telescope.7.We usually think ___________ science subjects __________ physics, biology and mathematics.8. Nothing can prevent their plan__________ being carried out.9. The crowd cheered ____________ when they saw the teams arrive .10. A quarrel broke ___________ suddenly at night.11. Others, called amphibians, were able to live on land _________ well as in the sea.12. They are putting too much carbon dioxide _________ the atmosphere.Unit 5 Canada—“The True North”III．词类转换：结合所给句子语境，把括号中所给词的适当形式填空：1.China is a _____________( multiculture ) country, with more than fifty ethnic groupsliving together.2.This is a ___________( peace) country scene.3.It took me several weeks to get use to the new ____________( surround).4.I could see the birds flying in the ___________( distant)5.He works in a government _____________( official) as a secretary.6.We should help to develop the ____________( tour) of the area.7.Travel ___________( broad) the mind.8.There is no doubt that the country’s __________________( wealthy) comes from its oil.9.He is ____________( slight) taller than his cousin.10.The professor mixed the liquids together and tasted a mouthful of the _________( mix).11.The _____________( impress) film moved the audience into tears.12. Seeing the hunter, the _________________( terrify) rabbit dashed into the forest immediately.IV. 用介词或副词填空1. He is considering settling ___________ in the mountainous village.2. The train rushed across the top of Lake Superior, ___________ the great forests and southward toward T3. Many of them have a gift _________ riding wild horses and can win thousands of dollars ________ prizes.4. ________ dawn we rose and set off again.5. Thunder Bay is a very busy port, although it is close ___ the centre of the country.6. In Montreal, you can see signs and ads everywhere ___________French ______ small letters.7. Look, the trees ____________ the windows of the train are red, gold and orange. How beautiful!8. The water flows __________ the Niagara River and ___________ the falls _______ its way to the sea.9. They had a good talk ________dinner.。
