（1）应用文写作——通知
通知的正文一般都是写在“Notice”一词之下，一般来说不必写称呼语和结束语。出同时的单位名称可以写在notice之上，也可以写在正文的右下角。
正文一般采用文章式，有时为了醒目，也可采用广告式。广告式要力求简明扼要，一个句子可分几行。每行第一个字母一般要大写。
看例文：
明天（星期五）全班同学将去参观科学博物馆（the Science Museum），由你（班长）通知全体同学。（通知的开头和结尾已给出）内容如下：
1. 早上8点钟在校门口集合，步行前往。
2. 下星期一交一份有关参观的报告。
3. 参观时要认真听，仔细看并记下有趣的东西。
4. 不可在博物馆内大声喧哗及拍照。
5. 带笔和笔记本。
要求：①不要逐句翻译。②字数60～80。
Fellow students
We are going to visit the Science Museum tomorrow. We will meet at the school gate at eight in the morning and we will go there on foot. Take your pens and notebooks with you. We should listen and watch carefully and write down something interesting when you visit the museum. Please don't make any noise in the museum and don't take any pictures. You'll have to hand in a report about the visit next Monday.
Thank you.
（2）应用文写作——日记
根据中英文提示，与一篇日记，记叙一次(西塞山)郊游。(短文的开头已经给出。)
要求：
1.短文应包括汉语和英语提示内容。
2.语句通顺，意思连贯。
3.书写工整，卷面整洁，标点符号正确。
4.字数不少于80个英语单词。
Sunday, May 1st
I got to school very early. Our class took a special bus to Xisai Mount. We got to the foot of the mount at 8:30.We began climbing the mount soon. On our way the air was so fresh and the scenery was so beautiful. Everybody was talking and
laughing.We reached the top at about 10:00. The Yangtze River appeared in the north, and over the river there was a great bridge. We felt very relaxed. Seeing some birds flying in the sky, I suddenly remembered a popular poem of Tang dynasty. " Birds are flying in front of Xisai Mount ,…". I kept feeling proud of our city.
（3）应用文写作——书信
书信我们分为两部分：信封和内容。
1、信封的写法。
英语信封正面的左上角，写发信人的姓名和地址。在信封的正面中央偏左一点，写收信人的地址和姓名。
英语信封上的地点名称由小到大，视其长短可占二至五行不等。
寄信人只写姓名，不写头衔。但是，收信人一般都在名字前加上头衔，以示礼貌和尊敬。对于没有官衔和学衔的人士，通常在姓名前写上Mr., Mrs.,或Ms.。
信封的写法，一般来说，很少出现在中考英语的作文中。
2、内容。
英文信一般可以分为下列几个部分。
1）信端（Heading）即写信人的地址和发信日期。
2）收信人姓名地址
3）称呼
4）信的正文
5）结束语
6）签名
有的时候，出题者会让考生写e-mail。e-mail的写法和书信的写法基本一致。只不过少了书信在信封上的繁琐。
根据中文大意，写出意思连贯、符合逻辑、不少于50词的短文。
假设你叫王明，昨天收到了笔友David的e-mail，得知他不久要到北京来学习中文。他想了解如何学好中文。请你用英文给他回复一封e-mail，介绍学习中文的体会和方法，提出你的建议，以及表达你帮助他学好中文的愿望。
Dear David,
I'm glad you'll come to Beijing to learn Chinese. Chinese is very useful, and many foreigners are learning it now. It's difficult for you because it's quite different from English. You have to remember as many Chinese words as possible. It's also important to do some reading and writing. You can watch TV and listen to the radio to practise your listening. Do your best to talk with people in Chinese. You can learn Chinese not only from books but also from people around you. If you have any
questions, please ask me. I'm sure you'll learn Chinese well.
Hope to see you soon in Beijing.
Yours,
Wang Ming
（4）英语议论文的写作方法
与其他文体相比，英治议论文的结构一般较为固定，有下列几个部分组成：
1.提出需要议论的议题；
2.摆出正反两方面的观点；
3.表明作者持何种态度；
4.论证自己观点的正确性从而使读者接受自己的观点；
5.小结。
在具体写作中要注意下列几点：
1.议题的提出要开门见山，不要拖泥带水，啰啰唆唆
2.正反两方面的观点一般都要摆出，有时也有只强调一种观点的，那么这就等于将上述第二点和第三点合在一起了
3.作者的观点必须鲜明，不能模棱两可
4.论证自己的观点是议论文的最关键的部分。论证手段与英语说明文中的一些写作手法相同，常用的有罗列法、举例法、因果法、比较法等等。
5.对于较长的英语议论文还可以在文章结尾时对全文要点作一小结。
下面这篇学生作文是较为典型的一篇英语议论文：
Should Examination Be Abolished （取消）？
The examination system has come to be the main theme （主题）of modern education. One should take an examination andsucceed in passing it before he could be admitted，promoted or graduated. As it plays so important a role in the realm of education （教育的领域）it is under much criticism （评论）as to its validity （有效性）. People who are in favour of it try to develop this system more；those who are against it believe that such a system should be abolished. Should examination be abolished？In my opinion it should be.
Many people think that an examination is the only means to test knowledge，but，in fact，that is not true. A few questions given in an examination could by no means cover the whole field of the subject. Thus those who are able to answer them may be the poorest of the students and yet happen to know just a few points about that subject.
I'd like to say that，because of the existence of the examination system，
students pay so much attention to gaining high marks，that they often forget the chief purpose of education. The so-called clever students devote （贡献）themselves to the study of textbooks only. They，of course，know nothing but the skeleton （梗概）of knowledge. The end and aim of education，however，is to enable students to learn how to live. To do this，students must get themselves to do all kinds of training，physicalas well as mental. The present examination system has discouraged students from making such an attempt.
Moreover，since the students try so hard to put their lessons into memory in as short a time as possible，psychologically （心理上来看），they soon forget the whole subject as soon as the examination is over. Surely this is one of the greatest wastes ever made in the history of civilization.
Lastly，in order to get high marks，there is a great temptation （诱惑）for students to cheat （作弊）in an examination. Indeed，such a practice becomes the means to the end. They cheat their teachers，their parents and also themselves. Such a tendency would impair （损害）our moral standards （道德标准）.
Therefore，I am of the opinion，in conclusion，that the examination system should be abolished.
（5）英语看图作文的写作方法
英语是一种语言，从语言学角度来看，学生在掌握一定数量的词汇与语法知识后，就要用来表达自己的思想、见解，这些落实到纸面上就是书面表达。针对初中生的实际能力，书面表达为初中英语教学的一大难题，其常见形式多为看图作文。结合自己教学与写作的经验，对看图作文谈几点体会。
看图作文的写作从整体上可分为两个过程：一，感性认识过程，即通过画面直接获得信息的过程（究竟画面展示了一个什么情景）；二，理性认识过程，即针对画面让学生发挥想象力，挖掘画面间的内在联系融入自己的思想与见解（画面的内涵是什么）。在实际教学过程中我将这两个过程具体渗透到五个环节（一“抓”，二“列”，三“变”，四“连”，五“检”）中去。
一“抓”为抓主题。首先，根据图片内容确定好题材与体裁—是写人还是写景，是说理还是叙事，是书信还是日记或其他应用文体。这一环节可采用a, 求同法，即寻找画面中相同的人物、地点或时间等，来帮助学生确定主线，不致于跑题；b ，求异法，即启发学生观察几幅图的不同之处，挖掘出它们之间的内在联系从而确定体裁。
二“列”为列要点。由于书面表达是以一定的情景为基础，考查具有一定的针对性，因此要点要全面，无遗漏。要点主要是结合图片中的情景用自己熟悉的结
构与词汇列出，忌用生疏的结构与词汇按汉语思维盲目罗列，原则“不求难，不求异，唯求准”。
三“变”为变要点为句子。将第二个环节中所罗列的要点，先按一定的时间、空间及逻辑顺序排列；然后选定恰当的主语与人称，再根据动作发生的时间与主谓关系拓词成句。结合初中生的实际，要求用他们熟悉、简单的结构来表达，避免因用长句和大量的复合句而出现过多的语法错误。如果遇到必须用长句表达时，可仿照、套用课本或各种阅读材料中出现的句型，切勿用汉语思维生造句子。
四“连”为连句成篇。这一环节是最关键的一环。首先，要根据题目所要求及画面展示确定好题材与体裁。其次，要确定好行文的人称与时态的基调。再次，要在句与句以及段与段之间加一些表转折、递进和因果等关系的关联词与过渡句，使文章前后照应，行文流畅。最后结合题目要求字数适当加入一些表达自己思想、见解的内容，使文章丰满显得有血有肉。
五“检”为文章检查。文章写成之后错误在所难免，检查这一环节不能省。检查可从如下几方面入手： 1 ，文章的体裁格式是否正确。 2 ，要点有无遗漏。
3 ，句子（人称、时态、语态、主谓一致、结构、词语搭配等）。
4 ，词汇（意义、拼写、时态语态，形容词与动词的形式，名词单复数）。
5 ，标点符号是否有遗漏与错误。
在经过以上几个环节之后，一篇符合要求的看图作文就算完成了。在这里还要提到的是，英语做为一门语言基本功的训练不可忽视，书面表达中书写尤为重要。此外，还应不断加强基础词汇与语法的积累与锤炼，只有这样书面表达才能有真正的提高。
（6）英语说明文的写作方法
就“说明对象”而言，英语说明文可分为对“客观具体事物”的说明和对“主观抽象观念”的说明两大类，比如：对“LASER（激光）”、“Computer Problem of Year 2000（计算机2000年问题）”等等的说明都是对客观或者具体事物的说明，而“The Successful Interview（谈成功的面试）”、“How to Write Good English Composition （如何才能写好英语作文）” 等是对主观抽象观念的说明。对我们中学生朋友来说，在汉语说明文的教学中似乎比较侧重前者，即解释客观具体事物的说明文。但在英语说明文中，阐述和说明“主观抽象观念”的说明文占了很大的比重，其中有些类似汉语中的议论文。但是无论是对“客观具体事物”的说明还是对“主观抽象观念”的阐述，英语说明文从结构上看大致可分为三个部分：第一部分一般是文章的第一段，提出文章的主题，也就是说，文章想要阐述、说明的主要内容；第二部分是文章的主体，可由若干个段落组成，对文章的主题进行展开说明；第三部分是结尾段，对文章的主题作归纳总结。从英语说明文的结构可以看出，要
写好英语说明文的关键在于第二部分如何对文章主题进行展开说明。在英语中，常见的用来展开文章主题的方法有下列几种：
1.罗列法（listing）
在文章开始时提出需要说明的东西和观点，然后常用first，second，…and finally加以罗列说明。罗列法广泛地使用于各类指导性的说明文之中，下面这篇学生作文就是用罗列法写成的：
Early Rising
Early rising （早起）is helpful in more than one way. First，it helps to keep us fit （健康）。We all need fresh air. But air is never so fresh as early in the morning. Besides，we can do good to our health from doing morning exercise （做早操）。
Secondly，early rising helps us in our studies. We learn more quickly in the morning，and find it easier to remember what we learn in the morning.
Thirdly，early rising enables （使能够）us to plan the work of the day. We cannot work well without a good plan. Just as the plan for the year should be made in the spring，so the plan for the day should be made in the morning.
Fourthly，early rising gives us enough time to get ready for our work，such as to wash our faces and hands and eat our breakfast properly.
Late risers may find it very difficult to form the habit of early rising. They ought to make special efforts to do so. As the English proverb says，“Early to bed and early to rise，makes a man healthy，wealthy and wise.”
罗列法经常用下列句式展开段落，我们可以注意模仿学习：
There are several good reasons why we should learn a foreign language. First of all，…Secondly，…And finally，…
We should try our best to plant more trees for several good reasons First of all，…Secondly，…And finally，
必须指出的是，有时罗列法并不一定有明确的first，second…等词，但文章还是以罗列论据展开的。
2.举例法（examples）
举例法是用具体的例子来说明我们要表达的意思，常用for example，for instance，still another example is…等词语引出。下面这篇学生作文就是用举例法写成的：
Recreation
It is impossible to keep in good health unless we take enough recreation （娱乐）。The mind，too，needs change to make it fresh and vigorous （有活力的）
There is much truth in the old saying，All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.“There are many games which boys and girls can play after their school work is done，for instance，football，tennis，and kite-flying. Other examples of recreation are boating，fishing，gardening，cycling，walking，chess-playing，and reading. Persons who sit much at their business should take a kind of recreation that will supply their muscles （肌肉）with exercise. Those who spend most of their time in the open air and do manual work （体力活）should adopt （采纳）reading or some other quiet form of recreation.
Cycling is said to be an important means of recreation，but many persons foolishly tire out themselves by cycling too much. The same may be said in regard to football. Tennis is a pleasant form of recreation. Many persons take great delight in boating. Fishing requires much patience，and there is much danger of taking cold by sitting still on a cold day too long. A good brisk （轻松）walk is one of the finest forms of exercise. For persons engaged in outdoor labor，chess-playing is another excellent form of recreation.
可以看出，举例法和罗列法有时可以结合使用：即用罗列法来列出例子，用例子充实罗列的说明。
3.比较法（comparison and contrast）
比较法是对两个对象进行比较，从而进行说明的写作手法。比较法又可细分为比较相同点（comparison）和比较不同点（contrast）两种方法，比如：From Paragraph to Essay
Although they are different in length （长度），the paragraph and the essay are quite similar in structure （结构）。For example，the paragraph starts with either a topic sentence （主题句）or a topic introducer followed by a topic sentence. In the essay，the first paragraph sets up the topic focus （主题所在）Next，the sentences in the body of a paragraph develop the topic sentence. Similarly，the body of an essay consists of a number of paragraphs that discuss and support the ideas given in the introductory （引导的）paragraph. Finally，a concluding sentence （结束句）——whether a restatement，conclusion，or observation——ends the paragraph. The essay，too，has a concluding paragraph which ends the essay logically and satisfactorily. Although there are some exceptions （例外），most well written expository （说明文的）paragraphs and essays are similar in structure.
可以看出，在比较相同点的时候，常用到similarly，also，too，in the same case，in spite of the difference等这样的词语。
European Football and American Football
Although European football is the parent of American football，the two games show several major differences. European football，sometimes called association football or soccer，is played in 80 countries，making it the most widely played sport in the world. American football，on the other hand，is popular only in North America （the United States and Canada）。Soccer is played by eleven players with a round ball. Football，also played by eleven players in somewhat different positions （位置）on the field，is played with an elongated （拉长的）round ball. Soccer has little body contact （接触）between players and therefore needs no special protective equipment. Football，in which players make the greatest use of body contact to stop a running ball-carrier and his teammates，needs special protective equipment. In soccer，the ball is advanced toward the goal by kicking it or by butting （顶）it with the head. In American football，on the other hand，the ball is passed from hand to hand or carried in the hands across the opponent's （对手）goal. These are just a few of the features which distinguish （区别）association and American football.
这是一篇用比较不同点的手法写的说明文。从文章中可以看出：however，on the other hand，in contrast，but，nevertheless等表示转折的词语常用来引导对不同点的比较。
4.定义法（definition）
定义法也是英语说明文中常用的写作手法，特别是在对具体事物概念进行说明时经常使用。定义法的基本要素是定义句。英语中常见定义句的模式是：被定义对象is所属类别+限制性定语
可以看出，定义句中限制性定语越详细，定义就越精确，比如：
A bat is a small mouse-like animal that flies at night and feeds on（以……为食品）fruit and insects but is not a bird.
其实，在英—英词典中，对英语单词的英文解释就是定义法的典型例子。比如，看看Longman词典对student和teacher的定义是很有意思的：A student is a person who is studying at a place of education or training. A teacher is a person who gives knowledge or skill to sb. as a profession （专业）。
5.顺序法（sequence of time，space and process）
顺序法是指按时间、空间或过程的顺序进行说明的一种写作手法。比如按照时间顺序介绍一个科学家的生平，用空间顺序阐述逐渐开发西部的重要意义，用过程顺序法解释葡萄酒的生产过程等等。
下面这篇学生作文就是用顺序法写成的：
Coal
Coal underwent （经受）many changes before it became the bright，brittle （脆的），black substance which we now use. During ancient times （在上古时代），when the earth enjoyed a very warm and wet climate，the land was covered with large forests and big plants. As time went on，the ground changed and began to sink （下沉）a little. These very large numbers of trees and vegetables received a deposit （沉淀）of sand and clay. This layer of sand and clay pressed upon the layer beneath and prevented it from contact with air. These trees and plants received the pres sure and changed its appearance.
Generations after generations （几世纪后），as the ground kept gradually sinking，another layer of sand and clay was again deposited （积聚）above the layers already formed. A great pressure was thus exerted （作用）and the peat （泥煤）was changed into the black and brittle substance which is known as coal.
Coal is a kind of mineral which is formed by nature as above stated. It is an important industrial material and is chiefly used as fuel. It is very valuable in the industrial world. The place where coal deposit is called a coal mine （煤矿）。In China，coal mines are largely found in the north-west part of the country. Shanxi is a famous province for producing coal. It has the most coal of China.
6.分类法（classification）
分类法是将写作对象进行分类说明的一种写作手法。比如：著名的英国哲学家弗朗西斯·培根（Francis Bacon）在其脍炙人口的《谈读书》（Of Studies）一文中就用到了分类法：
Some books are to be tasted，others to be swallowed，and some few to be chewed and digested，that is，some books are to be read only in parts，others to be read，but not curiously，and some few to be read wholly，and with diligence and attention. Some books also may be read by deputy，and extracts made of them by others；but that would be only in the less important arguments，and the meaner sort of books…
一、看现象，讲道理 1．世博期间，上万的志愿者参加志愿工作，请你谈谈此现象的看法。 During the period of holding the World Expo in Shanghai, tens of thousands of citizens are participating in volunteer work, hoping to devote themselves to the grand occasion. As far as I am concerned, everyone ought to enter for it. Here are the reasons I want to mention. It can be argued that the advantages of doing unpaid volunteer work are enormous, because volunteer work is actually a two-way street. First of all, volunteer work should always benefit people who need help. Those who need help will feel happier due to our immediate help. On the other hand, as far as the young people ourselves are concerned, we have more opportunities to develop the sense of responsibility, independence as well as interpersonal skills in the process of helping others. Through this kind of work, we become confident and mature. In addition, we can make many friends and increase our chances of getting the jobs of our dreams. Furthermore, volunteer work plays an active role in building up a harmonious society. In a word, compared with the merits of volunteer work offered by the young adults, the demerits of that are just a few though they cannot be overlooked. The youth volunteers do make a difference by the voluntary work! Why not join them and do something for our country? 2．你班将组队参加学校组织的集体舞比赛(group dancing competition)，班长希望大家积极参与。对此谈谈你的想法。 你的文章必须包括以下内容： 你是否会参加比赛 你做出该决定的具体理由 Version 1： A group dancing competition will be held in our school and the monitor calls on everybody to take an active part in it. While most of my classmates are still hesitating whether to participate, I have said yes to our monitor with great pleasure. Generally speaking, there are two reasons for my decision. First, it is a good opportunity for me to relax myself, which will enable me to study more efficiently. All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy, so goes the saying, which clearly shows us the importance of relaxation. Besides, I think I am a good dancer after learning dance for more than five years. Participating in the contest will be a golden chance for me to show my dancing skills and make some contributions to the class. For the two reasons mentioned above, it is no surprise that I have such a strong enthusiasm on the group dancing competition.
怎样提高初中英语的写作技巧和方法 西畴县逸夫中学-----杨宗粉 【摘要】：培养学生写作能力须：打好词汇量基础；熟练记住单词；熟练使用简单句；加强听力训练，；书写规范，促进写作；注重听、说、读能力的同步发展；重视课外练习。注重学生平时的单词拼写与组句能力，提醒学生积累常用表达方式，要求阅读背诵精彩段落，同时教师要利用教材话题资源，结合多种训练与评价方式，提升学生思维能力，强化写作专项指导，使学生养成英语书面表达的习惯，最终达到英语作为语言交际的目的。 【关键词】：写作技巧；词汇量；写作方法；单词拼写组句能力；阅读背诵；常用表达方式 听说读写是构成英语语言交际能力的重要组成部分，其中要求较高的是“写”的能力。《英语课程标准》对各个年级学生“写”的技能提出了明确目标对于我们农村地区的学生来说，英语写作非常困难。尤其在每一次的英语考试中，英语写作题型总是必不可少的，而且占到 15-20分左右，可见写作在英语考题中占的比例还是较大的。但一提起写作学生们就犯愁，甚至一字不写，有的干脆放弃。写一篇像样的英语作文多80%的学生来说是“难于上青天”。针对这种现象来分析学生存在的问题和解决的办法： 一、学生写作过程中出现的现状 1.词汇量太少 词汇是英语写作必不可少的基本要素，要写好一篇作文以表达自己的思想，必须以足够的词汇量为基础，但实际上大多数学生掌握的词汇
量都达不到规定的要求，因而在写作时也就不能随心所欲地表达自己的思想。出现的问题往往有拼写错误，影响理解；词语误用，表达不准确；某一词语反复使用，语言表达缺乏变式，文章显得单调乏味；文章中出现大量“造词”，让人看了啼笑皆非等。 语法规则和句型句式是英语写作涉及的另一基本要素。学生英语写作中出现的“大错”又多半是由语法错误引起的，学生在写作中语法不规范、句子结构混乱、含义不清等情况屡见不鲜，Chinese English 现象更是不乏其中，所以词汇量和语法问题是中学生英语写作时首先要解决的问题。 2.词汇错误较多 学生在写作的时候，中式英语Chinglish ：如There are many people would like to go on a vacation. I by bike to school every day. 2、词汇错误：错别字、近义词混淆、词性误用3、词组、句型使用不正确，缺乏重点句型的使用：如I spent one hour to read the book yesterday. 4、时态、语态、人称把握不正确（审题不正确）。思维模式总是先汉语，后转化为英语，可能他想到了句子该怎样写，句型也知道的，但却有个别单词不会。如：“对我来说学英语是困难的”这个句子可能他想到了，句子结构“it is＋adj for sb to do sth”也知道，但里面的形容词difficult不会写，导致句子表达含糊，以至于整篇文章错词百出，面目全非。 3.写出的长句达不到表达效果 一般的英语应试作文，总会给出汉语提示，学生写作也是从提示
1、 English Teacher Miss Tang is my English teacher. She’s very pretty. She is tall and thin. She has two big eyes and a small mouth. Her hair is long. She likes cats very much. And she likes singing and dancing, too. Her English is very good. We often play games in English classes. She is very kind to us. We all love her. 【要领点评】 这篇作文的题目是“我的英语老师”，是一篇介绍人物的作文。小作者 开门见山，直接点题，首先介绍了英语老师的姓名，然后逐一介绍了她的外貌特征、喜好、英语水平、上课特点以及师生情感等。 小朋友们在写作文时，要注意使用自己最熟悉的词[组]，以免写出一些错句子。写作时要注意意思连贯、语句通顺、标点正确、书写清晰、规范等。 2、 friend and I I’ve got a lovely friend at school. His name is Jack. Jack is 12 years old now. I’m 11. He’s older than me. He’s 150 cm tall. I’m 148 cm. He’s taller and stronger. He’s 43 kg and I’m 41 kg. He’s heavier. We’ve got round faces and short hair. But my eyes are bigger and my legs are longer. Our favourite colours are white and blue. We l ike summer best. We b oth like sports, too. On Saturdays, we play table tennis. On S undays, we play basketball. He’s good at basketball. But I do better at table tennis. We laugh and play together. How happy we are! 【要领点评】 写法：这篇作文的题目是“我的朋友和我”。既然写作范围是两个人物，就要笔 墨均匀，两者缺一不可。不能只描写朋友，也不能只叙述我。这无形中增加了写 作的难度。解决这个难点的关键是：找出两个人几方面的异同。可以通过常见的年龄、身高、体重、外貌、喜好等方面列举出每个人的具体实际情况，再进行比 较，通过比较突出每个人物的特点。这样就把人物活灵活现的展现给读者了。 时态：像此类题目的作文，运用一般现在时即可。 句型：因为涉及两个人的比较，不要忘记使用比较级句型：A+be+比较级+than+B。注意：在列举两个人的“体貌、喜好”等方面情况时，应一边列举，一边比较。 不要一味指出不同，还要列举相同之处。两人能成为朋友，一定有共同语言和喜好，共性不容忽视。在表达喜好时，不同的句型应交叉运用，避免枯燥的重复。 例“Our favourite colours are…”，“We like …best”，“We both like…,too”，为突出不同时间做不同运动，用“On S aturdays…”，“On S undays…”，形成鲜明对比。常使用并列连词and 和转折连词 but ，使文章读起来更流畅。结尾 以How happy we are!突出了两人从友谊中得到的快乐！ 3、根据下面提供的内容，写一篇英语短文。要求语句通顺，条理清楚，字数不 少于50个单词。 Mary 是个英国女孩，五年级学生，十二岁。她向别人自我介绍，并介绍她的 家庭。她有个双胞胎姐姐，爸爸是医生，妈妈是老师，她非常爱他们，他们也很 爱她。
如何写出满分作文 一、写出正确句子 观察下面的句子 错句：It was raining hard, they could not work in the fields. 修改： It was raining hard; they could not work in the fields. It was raining hard. They could not work in the fields. It was raining so hard that they couldn’t work in the fields. They couldn’t work in the fields because it was raining hard. It was raining hard, so they could not work in the fields. （Which one is preferable depends on the context and the writer’s intention.） 二、简单句、并列句与复合句的转化 一篇文章含有的句子具有种类的多样性, 可以是简单句、并列句与复合句。三种句式配合使用会产生错落有致的美感。我们了解一下它们的特点： 简单句、并列句与复合句的特点
1. 合并简单句成为复合句或并列句 例句：My mother works in a bank. My mother is forty-eight. 第一种方法：合并为并列句： My mother is forty-eight and she works in a bank. 第二种方法：运用引导词连接为复合句： My mother is forty-eight, who works in a bank. 2. 将下列简单句连成复合句或并列句。 (1) For some people mathematics is a great pleasure. They are able to think absolutely. (2) A team of management consultants was called in to make an investigation. Production had dropped 14 percent over the past year. (3) I visited my uncle. I had not seen my uncle for eight years. _______________________________________________________________________________
作文类型及例文 一、看现象，讲道理 1．世博期间，上万的志愿者参加志愿工作，请你谈谈此现象的看法。 During the period of holding the World Expo in Shanghai, tens of thousands of citizens are participating in volunteer work, hoping to devote themselves to the grand occasion. As far as I am concerned, everyone ought to enter for it. Here are the reasons I want to mention. It can be argued that the advantages of doing unpaid volunteer work are enormous, because volunteer work is actually a two-way street. First of all, volunteer work should always benefit people who need help. Those who need help will feel happier due to our immediate help. On the other hand, as far as the young people ourselves are concerned, we have more opportunities to develop the sense of responsibility, independence as well as interpersonal skills in the process of helping others. Through this kind of work, we become confident and mature. In addition, we can make many friends and increase our chances of getting the jobs of our dreams. Furthermore, volunteer work plays an active role in building up a harmonious society. In a word, compared with the merits of volunteer work offered by the young adults, the demerits of that are just a few though they cannot be overlooked. The youth volunteers do make a difference by the voluntary work! Why not join them and do something for our country? 2．你班将组队参加学校组织的集体舞比赛(group dancing competition)，班长希望大家积极参与。对此谈谈你的想法。（09年高考题） 你的文章必须包括以下内容： 你是否会参加比赛 你做出该决定的具体理由 V ersion 1： A group dancing competition will be held in our school and the monitor calls on everybody to take an active part in it. While most of my classmates are still hesitating whether to participate, I have said yes to our monitor with great pleasure. Generally speaking, there are two reasons for my decision. First, it is a good opportunity for me to relax myself, which will enable me to study more efficiently. All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy, so goes the saying, which clearly shows us the importance of relaxation. Besides, I think I am a good dancer after learning dance for more than five years. Participating in the contest will be a golden chance for me to show my dancing skills and make some contributions to the class. For the two reasons mentioned above, it is no surprise that I have such a strong enthusiasm on the group dancing competition. 二、标题作文 1．以“诚实是美德”(Honesty Is a Virtue)为题写一篇短文。短文的内容需包括： 1. 列举社会上的某些不诚实行为
写好英语作文的方法有哪些 写好英语作文的方法 第一招：审题细心 审题好比驾驶员打方向，方向对了，哪怕开得慢点，也会顺利到目的地。如果审题不清，书面表达的成绩不知道会有多惨。学生真正开始写作前，必须花相当一部分时间做写前阅读、思考等准备，包含以下四方面： 1审体裁。根据情景提示首先要弄清写何种体裁文章。 2审结构。明确开始部分、正文部分和结尾部分，定好段落。 3审格式。如日记、便条、书信、通知的格式等。 4审内容。弄清什么必需写，哪些略写，尤其是图画式书面表达，要学会连贯性，读懂图的意思。 5审人称和时态。弄清书面表达要求用何种人称，根据材料确定短文的基本时态。 第二招：衔接流畅 恰当使用逻辑词语，使各要点间连贯，行文通顺。 表并列或递进:and,both…and...,neither…nor,not only…but also...; 表选择:or,either…or; 表转折或让步:but,although,though,however,even though,inspite of,on the contrary; 表对比:like,unlike,while; 表举例:for example,such as,that's to say; 表强调:in fact,of course,besides; 表时间顺序:when,after,before,as soon as,soon，after; 表因果关系:because,since,as,for,for this reason，as a result; 表结论:in a word,to sum up,in summary,in conclusion,on the whole. 第三招：短语地道
中考英语作文写作技巧总结 中考写作注意事项： 知识点1： ①记叙文之人物写作通常需要介绍人物的姓名，外貌，性格，爱好等多个方面，但是不能出 现真实的姓名，校名及家庭住址。 ②考试时最好以学生身边普通的人物进行描写，从平凡的人中找到不平凡的精神。考试的时 候需要严格按照题目要求进行写作，包括所给的全部信息，既不能遗漏，也不能随意添加。 ③议论文体裁特点：要求学生就某一方面的问题通过摆事实、讲道理的方式来发表自己的看 法。一般来说，议论文由论点、论据、论证三部分组成。 1）论点要正确无误。 2）论据要可靠充分。论据可以是人们公认的真理，也可以是经过实践考证的经典著作。 3）论证要合理严密。人们常用的论证方法有归纳法、推理法、对比法。 4）议论文一般按提出问题、解决问题的逻辑顺序来安排层次。 知识点2：写作思路 1.认真审题，理清思路: 确定题目中的关键词，文章体裁和主旨。 2.搜集材料，制定提纲: 展开一次“Brain Storming”即头脑风暴，对该题引申出各种联想和论点。根据自己已有的经 验和词汇量选择自己最熟悉、最有把握的方面和论点来写作。
3.选择词句，动笔行文: 确定基本的写作时态，如记叙文通常用一般过去时 典型案例分析： 1. Write a letter in at least 60 words according to the given situation (根据所给情景写一封不少于60 词的信) Suppose you are Joe. Your friend Betty is upset about a coming exam for she cares too much about the result. What do you think? Try to offer her some advice. （假如你是Joe, 你的好朋友Betty 因为过于在意考试结果而感到焦虑。请给她写一封信，谈谈你的看法，并给她一些建议。） 。） （注意：文中不得出现任何姓名、校名及其它相关信息，否则不予评分 ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． 第一步：分析题目 1. 审题 1) 这篇文章根据题目要求，我们可以确定文章的是一篇应用文即：书信。 2）根据写作要求知道是给他人提出建议或意见的文章，需要针对Betty遇到的问题实际出发来进行写作。 2. 确定写作重点和写作目的。 1）重点是安慰处于考试焦虑的Betty。 2）给出解决问题的建议。 3. 书信的格式： 英文信一般可以分为下列几个部分。 1）信端（Heading）即写信人的地址和发信日期。 2）收信人姓名地址
中考英语作文常见类型解析及范文- 旅游与介绍地方中考高频率话题，出题形式灵活。 典型例句： 1. Last Sunday（Saturday,…）,it was sunny（rainy, windy, foggy,） 2. I got up very early （late）。After breakfast I went to …with my friends by bike, bus ，… 3. We enjoyed ourselves。 4. We forgot the time. We didn"t come back until 5 o"clock。 5. We all felt very tired, but we were happy。 6. I thought I would never forget this trip。 7. Last summer, my parents and I went to Beijing for our holidays。 8. We visited a lot of places of interest。 9. We had a good time there。 10. We bought a lot of things. The clothes here are good and cheap。 例文：中考学习小组中考必备！ 1、（四川自贡）北京将迎来的奥运会，请以主人的身份向外国朋友介绍一下北京和北京几个著名的景 点。根据以下提示写一篇短文。 1.北京是一个历史悠久的城市； 2.北京有许多名胜古迹； 3.紫禁城是最受来宾欢迎的景点之一； 4.故宫非常漂亮和著名； 5.长城也是非常美丽可去一看的地方 6.天安门广场是一个好去处，可去漫步。 注：⑴字数80左右。⑵请不要逐字翻译，可适当添加细节，使行文连贯、意思完整、符合逻辑。 ⑶参考词汇：紫禁城The Forbidden City 故宫The Summer Palace 天安门广场Tian’anmen Square 参考作文： Beijing is a city with a long history. There are many places of interest in it. Now let me tell you some of them. The Forbidden City is one of the most popular ones for visitors. It is very big and you can learn much about the history of China from it. The Summer Palace is beautiful and famous, too. The Great Wall is also a wonderful place to go. And Tian" anmen Square is a good place for people to take a walk. I hope you will enjoy your staying in Beijing.
农村初中英语写作教学的策略与途径初探在成功的英语学习中，作文实在是必不可少的重要因素，可惜的是，在如今的英语教学中，这本应加强的一环反而受到了削弱。作文的好处如果用一句话来说，就是对读、听、说的最好反馈。这种反馈是其它学习形式，练习形式所代替不了的，因此，我认真学习新课程标准中的新理念，确立新的教学观，制定适应性强的教学目标，给予写作教学正确的定位。 一、我根据英语学科初中阶段各单元的教学目标，结合学生实际情况，脚踏实地实施写作教学步骤，细化内容，钻研教法和学法，帮助学生端正学习态度，激发学生学习热情，指导学生形成较为有效的写作策略。 （一）在听、说、读教学中渗透“写”的训练 《新课程标准》采用话题大纲和结构—功能大纲相结合的体系进行编排，每个单元都围绕着一个主题来展开听、说、读、写的四项技能的实践，突出了先输入后输出的特征，有利于我开展写作教学。1．加强听力训练，夯实写作基础 “不写没有读过的语言，不读没有说过的语言，不说没有听过的语言。”由此可见，通过听的渠道获得语言信息及语言感受，在外语学习中是基础中的基础。我认为加强听力训练，必要时可以把听力材料改变成短文的形式，例如我在教授八年级下册Unit9 Can you come to my party ? Section B时，把听力材料进行了如下改编：Vince ______ play tennis with Andy. He _____ go to the doctor and study for a test
today. __________, he __________ soccer. After that, he has a piano ______. And he is _____ to babysit his sister ____________. 可以使学生获取更多信息，从而为写作表达打下基础。 2．创设说的平台，以“说”促“写” “学生的口语句型结构和表达方式往往是他们学习写作的基础”，我在写作教学同时，帮助学生提高和丰富口头表达技能，因为口语中常包含许多书面语的结构。 背诵也是学习英语的基本手段之一，重视背诵，尤其课文中的重点句型，也有利于学生口语、书面语言能力的提高和语感的增强，我指导学生平时要注意积累好词好句，适当使用英语佳句，可令文章增色不少。 3．注重拓展阅读，以“读”促“写” 古人云：“熟读唐诗三百首，不会做诗也会吟”。广泛的阅读可增强学生的理解和吸收书面信息的能力，丰富学生的语言知识，了解英语国家文化背景，对英语写作会起到潜移默化的作用。我充分利用现有的教学资料，结合报刊、媒体、网络等资源，通过设计互动交流的学习任务，引导学生主动参与阅读和写作训练。 初中阶段的课本体裁常采用人物对话，在教学活动中，我要求学生采用将对话或听力材料改为语篇式的文章，缩写或仿写等形式，既巩固了课文，又利用了现成的素材进行写作训练。我还根据学生实际水平延伸阅读，启发交流，进行趣味写作。积极扩大课外阅读也是加强写作能力培养的有效途径之一。我提倡学生阅读英文报刊、杂志、
三一文库（https://www.doczj.com/doc/7215006204.html,） 〔关于人物介绍的英语作文精选〕 人物介绍类英语作文一直是考试英语作文的一种重要 题型，下面就来看看介绍人物的英语作文怎么写吧。 ▲人物介绍英语作文一 Li Yan, an engineer, was born on February 9, 1965 in Beijing, China. After he graduated from Qinghua University in 1987, he made an important decision in his life. He decided to go to the United States for his further study. After four years' hard work, he mastered new management ideas an advanced technologies in computer field. In 1992, he got his doctor's degree. In 2008, he made another decision that to return
to his motherland and started a company. However, his wife and daughter had got used to the American way of life, so they still stay in the United States. But they still can meet frequently, because of the convenient transportation, and his wife and daughter often visit him in holidays. ▲人物介绍英语作文二 My mother has a pair of keen eyes which can speak. With her eyes,she observed my mood, gave me courage and made me strong. Therefore, I could face difficulties. When I was a baby learning to walk, my mother always lent me a hand and encouraged me to get up while I fell down. As I finally threw myself into her arms, her eyes smiled with praise. Later as I grew up, I met with more difficulties. But whenever I was frustrated, my mother's eyes always
初中英语作文写作方法指导 一：充分准备。打好基础。 为了提高书面表达水平，平时应加强阅读，应背诵一些句型、段落甚至短文。只要读 得多、背得多，就能出口成章，下笔成文。其实，用英文写信，记日记等都是学生力所能 及且行之有效的练习写作的好方法。 二：仔细审题，明确要求。 对题目所提供的信息要认真分析，明确要求，做到心中有数。要对所提供的信息加以 分析、整理，使之更加具体化、条理化，为开始动笔做好准备工作，还要搞清题目的要求，以便根据不同的题材、体裁，写出不同格式，风格各异的文章，此外，还要注意人称、时态、地点等信息，避免出错。 三：抓住重点。寻求思路。 根据题目所提供的信息，草拟提纲，寻求逻辑次序，确定如何下手，否则，语无伦次 的文章将不会被人接受，也不可能得到高分。 四：遣词造句，表达规范。 用词要适当，不可逐句把提示汉译英，亦不可生拼硬凑，不要硬拿英语单词到中文句 子里去对号，否则写出中文式英语，闹出笑话。一般来讲，写作时，应尽量选出你有把握 的词，尽量使用短句简单句。如果有的单词不会写，有的思想不会用英语表达，你可以设 法绕开，最好找一个同义词、同义句，或近义词、词组短语来代替。要正确使用关联词， 如and，or，but，so，because，since等，以便行文自然流畅。 五：修改润色，锦上添花。 作文写完之后，应注意检查修改，修改时先从全局修改。首先要检查主题是否明确， 表达方式是否恰当，接下来检查所写内容是否切题，该交待的内容是否交待了，最后检查 所用时态、人称是否符合要求，最后是否一致。 写完后，还应仔细校阅1—2遍。校阅要逐词逐句进行，注意检查语法、拼写、标点、大小写等方面的错误。校阅是自检的最后一关，应严肃认真的进行，尽可能地消灭一切差错，增强文章的效果。 因此，要写好一篇作文，不仅需要具有丰富的思想内容，掌握扎实的词汇、语法及修 辞等方面的语言基本功，而且还需要掌握因不同思维方式和文化背景而形成的英语特有的 篇章机构模式惟有这样才能进行最有效的书面交际活动。
图表类英语作文范文 图表类型的英语写作如果不擅于观察漫画的话，作文写出来可能会偏题。下面是小编给大家带来图表类英语作文，供大家参阅! 图表类英语作文范文篇1第一段：说明图表 开篇句：As the bar chart shows, ____ during the years of ____to____. 扩展句：1、As early as _____. 2、Then _____ years later, ____. 3、And arriving in the year ____, ____. 第二段：解释图表变化原因 主题句：Several factors contribute to _____. 扩展句：1、______. (原因1) 2、And ______.(原因2) 3、Furthermore, ______ (原因3) 4、All these result in ____. 第三段：提出解决办法 结尾句：However, ____ is faced with some problems. 扩展句：1、With _____, ____, the effect of which is not only discouraging, but also challenging. 2、So my principle is to pay due attention to ___, but not
justto____. 示范 第一段：说明图表 开篇句：As the bar chart shows, the number of people below the poverty line decreased dramatically during the years of 1978 to1997. 扩展句：1、As early as 1978, about 250 million people were under the poverty line. 2、Then seven years later, the number became three fifths thatof1978. 3、And arriving in the year 1997, the number was reduced to50millions. 第二段：解释图表变化原因 主题句：Several factors contribute to the sharp decrease of the below-poverty population. 扩展句：1、The reform and opening following 1978 enabled the peasants to become much better off. (原因1) 2、And with the development of Chinese economy, that policy also improved city dwellers lives greatly. (原因2) 3、Furthermore, the high-tech introduced made it possible for the countrys economy as a whole to take off. (原因3) 4、All these result in the great fall of the
My XXX 如果是同学类，先介绍这个人，可以从名字、年龄、班级、身高体重、爱好等入手，再举几个例子，比如你要说他/她学习好，就详细写几笔。 如果是父母或长辈，也是介绍，那就包括他/她的工作等，同样思路。范文如下： My good friend I have a good firend. Her name is Lingling. She is thirteen this year. She is thin and tall. She has long hair. We are in the same class. She is very friendly to us. She is good at learning. And she always wins the prize in exam. She says, “Nothing in the world is impossible if you set your mind to do it.” So she does better than me in everying. I am poor in English. She often helps me with my English. With her help, my English has got better. I can pass examinations. Lingling is hard-working, easy-going and always ready to help others, so we all like her.
My father My father is a tall man with a pair of glasses. He is a great engineer. Everyone says he is a kind-hearted man. He often helps his neighbours. He has really done a lot for others. I don’t like him to do so because I think it has taken him too much time. When I discourage him, he always says with a smile, “The world needs warm hearts.”My father likes reading in his spare time. He told me reading was very interesting. I became interested in reading little by little. I like books, because they help me in many ways. Such is my father. I am proud of having such a good father.