Unit10 You’re supposed to shake hands.
课文重难点知识点详细讲解
1.be supposed to 的用法
用法一：be supposed to... 其中to是动词不定式符号，不是介词，其后要跟动词原形。当be supposed to... 的主语是“人”时，意为“应该......；“被期望......，它可以用来表示劝告、建议、义务、责任等，相当于情态动词should。如：
Everyone is supposed to wear a seat-belt in the car. 每个人在汽车里都应该系安全带。Teachers are supposed to treat all the students alike. 老师应该对所有的学生一视同仁。
用法二：当be supposed to... 的主语是“物”时，它表示“本应；本该”，用于表示“某事本应该发生而没有发生”。如：The new laws are supposed to prevent crime. 这些新法令本应该起到防止犯罪的作用。
The train was supposed to arrive half an hour ago. 火车本应在半小时之前到达。
用法三： be supposed to后面接“have + 过去分词”时，表示“本应该做某事而没做”。如：You are supposed to have handed in your homework by now. 现在你应该已经把作业交上来了。
He is supposed to have arrived an hour ago. 他应该一小时前就到了。
用法四： be supposed to... 的否定结构为be not supposed to...,它常用于口语中，意为“不被许可；不应当”。如：
She was not supposed to be angry about that. 她本不该为那件事而生气的。
You are not supposed to smoke on the bus. 你不应该在公共汽车上吸烟
2.be expected to do 和 be supposed to do 区别
be supposed to do是被期望或要求,应该.相对于be expected to do 主观性强一些.它相当于should的这个用法是有希望做（成）......expect在朗文的第一词条即为：预料、期待。
例：They are expected to make an announcement later on today.
(预料他们今天晚些时候会宣布一项通告)
再次例句中，be expected to do意为预料，表示一种可能性
再如：She is expected to be a good doctor.（他有希望成为一名好医生)
3.expect 用法
请读下面的句子，注意expect的用法。
1. I expect a snowstorm. 我预计会有一场暴风雪。
2. The old man is expecting his daughter’s visit.这个老人盼望着他女儿的到访。
3. I expect to get a birthday present from my dad. 我期待着收到一件来自父亲的礼物。
4. Do you expect him to teach you English? 你希望他教你英语吗？
5. I didn’t expect that you would get there so soon. 我没想到你会这么快就到达那里了。
及时归纳】 expect是及物动词，意为“预料，盼望”，它有以下常见用法：
1. expect + n. / pron. 预计......可能发生；期待某人或某物
2. expect + to do sth. 料想做某事
3. expect sb. to do sth. 期望某人做某事
4. expect + 从句预计 / 料想......
4.relax，relaxed，relaxing的区别与不同的用法
1. relax是动词，不及物或及物动词，及物时，宾语是sb ，使某人放松、使某人休息、使某人轻松。
Now I want to rest and relax. 不及物现在我得休息一下，放松放松
I need a cup of tea to relax myself.及物我需要喝杯茶使自己轻松一下。
2. relaxed，形容词某人感到轻松、放松、不受拘束的。指某人“感到”轻松。可以这样理解，形容人如何如何。同interested\excited\surprised\bored\tired有类似用法。如 He is feeling relaxed.或He is relaxed The song can make me relaxed.
3. relaxing形容词某事情令人轻松的，指某事某物“令人”轻松。可以这样理解，修饰物或事。同interesting\exciting\surprising\boring\tiring有类似用法。The song is relaxing. 这首歌真使人轻松。
You can listen to relaxing music in the bath! （修饰music）你甚至可以边洗澡边听（令人）轻松的音乐。
5.As soon as的用法
1. 一经...;立即...;一...就... as soon as表示一。。。就，其中的从句通常用一般现在时表示将来时。
这个短语用的比较常用，口语和书面语都可以。它的特点是，在句子中的位置比较灵活，而且可以用于各种时态。例如：
1、指未发生的动作，规律是：主句一般将来时，从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时如：
I will tell him the news as soon as he comes back。
注：有时，为了特意表达刚刚完成某事就如何如何，需要用现在完成时。如：
I will go with you as soon as I have washed my face.
2、指紧接着发生的两个短动作，主从句都用一般过去时
如 He took out his English books as soon as he sat down 不过，我也见过从句和主句都用一般现在时的情况。
如：As soon as he finishes his classwork, he runs out of the class.
他一做完课堂作业，就跑出了教室。
总之，记住那两种基本的情况，不把时态用得太混乱了就行了
（比如后面从句里用了将来时，就绝对允许了）。以下一些双语例句尝试自己书写
1. Come here as soon as you finish the work. 工作一结束你就到这里来。
2. He jumped out of bed as soon as he was called.一听到有人叫他，他立即跳下床来。
3. Let's talk the matter over as soon as we are conveniently alone. 让我们单独在一起的时候再讨论这件事情吧。
4. As soon as Marie opened the door, the dog ran in.当玛丽一打开门，狗就跑了进来。
5. As soon as I stepped inside,my glasses misted over. 我一踏进里面，眼镜马上蒙了一层雾。
6.hold out
1. 伸出；拿出：例句: They all held out their hands to welcome me. 他们全都伸出双手欢迎我。Martha held out a cheongsam for us to look. 玛莎拿出一件中国旗袍展示给我们看。
2. 提出，提供；抱有(希望等)：例句:
When talking about cooperation agreement, they held out several harsh terms. 当会谈谈到合作协议时，他们提出了一些苛刻的条件。He said he held out a good opinion of Mary as soon as he saw her. 他说他一见到玛丽就对她抱有好感。
3. 坚持，不退让；不屈服：
例句: They held out against enemy for six months. 他们坚持不屈抗击敌人达六个月之久。
4. 继续运转：例句: This old machine will hold out for another 20 years.这台老机器还会再运转20年。
5. 继续生存，支撑；维持：例句: It's not easy for him to hold out to the end. 他很难坚持到底。Such a situation held out for another half a month. 这种局面又维持了半个月。
6. 拖延，抵制，拒不同意：
例句: All items had been talked over, but he held out at last. 所有的条款均已协商好，可最后他竟拒绝签约。
7. 声称：例句: He held himself out as my uncle.他自称是我的叔叔。
8. [美国口语]扣留；隐瞒(常与 of 连用)：
例句: Their salaries were held out for a long time. 他们的工资被扣发了很长时间。
He told her the course of the incident of which he held out some details. 他把事情的经过告诉了她，可向她隐瞒了其中的某些细节
7.Value vt.
1. 估价,评价[(+at)]
That watch was valued at $100. 那只表估计值一百美元。 I value this necklace at $5,000. 我估计这条项链值五千美元。
2. 尊重;重视,珍视
My father values honesty beyond all things. 我父亲把诚实看得比什么都重要。
8.drop by 随便来，随便来玩，随便走访，非正式访问
例句： Drop by whenever you have time. 如果有空随便来
Drop by whenever you feel like it. 随时即兴就来我这儿坐坐
I'll drop by on my way home if I have time有空的话回家途中我会顺便来看你
I have to drop by the bank to get some money 我得到银行去取一下钱
She and Mary are dropping by later. 她和玛丽一会儿要来坐坐
drop by和 drop in