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八年级英语期末总复习

八年级英语期末总复习
八年级英语期末总复习

初二英语期末总复习

【学习内容】

一、单词

n.:review event consequence request apology strategy

v:explain improve

adj.:following

二、短语

in order to…为了

have vacations on the moon在月球上度假

most boring subject最无聊的学科

join a club加入一个俱乐部

get out of the UFO 走出不明飞行物

三、重点句子

1. There won't be many people on the earth.

在地球上将不会有很多人。

1)“There won't be…”是there be句型的一般将来时。

2)“on the earth”意为“在地球上”,世界上独一无二的东西前加定冠词the。

2. Would you mind turning down the music?

你介意我把音乐调低吗?

1)mind意为“介意”、“反对”。后加名词或动名词,不能加动词不定式。(常用于疑问句、否定句、条件句中)

eg. I don't mind the cold. 我不在乎天冷。

Would you mind my smoking? 我抽烟你反对吗?

Do you mind I smoke? 如果我抽烟的话,你介意吗?

2)turn down调低

相关短语:turn up调高turn on打开turn off关闭

3. What else can I do?

我能做别的什么?

else常接在特殊疑问词或不定代词之后,表达other的意思“别的,其他的”。

eg. Who else is coming? 还有别人来吗?

Where else did you go? 你还去过别的什么地方?

Anything else I can do for you?我还能为你做些别的事吗?

4. Mr Li said“I saw three aliens get out of the UFO.”

李老师说:“我看见三个外星人从不明飞行物里走了出来”。

1)该句是直接引语。

2)see sb. do sth.“看见某人干某事”(过程)。

eg. I saw the train come into the station.我看见火车开进车站。

see sb. doing sth.“看见某人正在干某事”。

eg. I saw him playing basketball on the playground.我看见他正在操场打篮球。

5. I hope to do the following three things in order to improve my English.

为了提高我的英语,我希望做下述三件事。

1)hope后可跟动词不定式作宾语,不可跟v.-ing形式。

eg. I hope to visit Guilin.我希望游览桂林。

hope后可跟that从句,表示希望。

eg. I hope(that)you'll be better soon.我希望你将很快好起来。

2)in order to do sth.意为“为了干某事”,只能表示“目的”,置句首或句中均可;否定结构为in order not to do sth.。

eg. In order to catch the train, he hurried through his work.

=He hurried through his work in order to catch the train.

为了赶火车,他匆匆忙忙干完了工作。

“in order that+句子”意为“为了……”.

eg. He worked hard in order that he could succeed.

他努力工作,为的是要成功。

【复习内容】

一、复习1-8单元的黑体字。

二、复习1-8单元的短语。

all kinds of各种;许多

all the time一直

around the world世界各地

as…as像……(一样)

as…as possible尽可能……

at first首先

be able to能够……;得以……

be interested in对……感兴趣

be supposed to被期望或被要求……by the way顺便;附带说说

call sb. up打电话给……

care for照料;照顾

come in进来

come true实现;达到

do well in在……方面做得好

fall asleep入睡

fall in love with爱上

far away在远处

first of all首先

get on相处;进展

get out出去;离开

get over克服;恢复;原谅

give away赠送;分发

go skating去滑冰

hear about听到

hear of听说

hundreds of好几百;许许多多

in good health身体健康

in order to为了

in style时髦的;流行的

in the future未来;将来

keep out不让……进入

keep down压低声音;使缓和make a living谋生

make friends with与……交友more than比……多

not at all一点也不

on the one hand(在)一方面

on the other hand(在)另一方面on the phone用电话交谈;在通话open up打开

pass on传递

pay for付款

pick up捡起

put out熄灭

report card成绩单

right away立刻;马上

run away逃跑;跑掉

run out of用完;用尽

take away拿走

take care当心;小心

take off起飞

take place发生

the same as与……同样

the World Cup世界杯

turn down调节(收音机等)使音量变小

wait in line排队等候

三、复习1-8单元的语法。

1. 一般将来时

1)构成

①由助动词will(第一人称时可用shall)+动词原形或由be going to+动词原形构成。

eg. We will have a football match next week.

下个星期我们将要举行一场足球比赛。

It's going to be fine tomorrow.

明天天气将会很好。

②助动词will构成一般将来时的否定句、疑问句及答语。

eg. He won't finish the work tomorrow.

明天他将完不成工作。

Will you go fishing with me?

你能和我一起去钓鱼吗?

Yes, I will. / No, I won't.

好,我会的。/不,不行。

2)用法

表示将要发生的动作或状态,常与表示将来的时间状语连用。常用的时间状语有tomorrow, soon, in a week, next year, someday等。

eg. Someday people will go to the Venus.

总有一天,人们会到金星上去。

Shall we have any classes tomorrow?

我们明天有课吗?

2. 一般过去时

1)构成

①动词be的过去式有was和were两种形式。第一人称单数、第三人称单数、可数名词单数和不可数名词用was,第一人称复数、第二人称和可数名词复数用were。

eg. He was in Grade One last year.

他去年上一年级。

You were a teacher three years ago.

三年前你是一名教师。

②行为动词的过去式有规则变化和不规则变化之分,规则动词的过去式一般在词尾加-ed,不规则变化要逐个记忆。

eg. He lived here ten years ago.

他十年前居住在这儿。

I came here yesterday.

我昨天来过这儿。

规则动词过去式的构成:

一般在动词原形后加-ed。

eg. look→looked, play→played

结尾是-e的动词加-d。

eg. live→lived, use→used

以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词,先双写最后这个辅音字母,再加-ed。

eg. stop→stopped, fit→fitted

(-ed)读音:在清辅音后面读[t];在浊辅音后面读[d];在元音后面读[d];在t和d后面读[id]。

③助动词did帮助构成谓语是行为动词的一般过去时的否定、疑问及答语。用了助动词did,谓语动词一般恢复原形。

eg. He didn't finish his work.

他没有完成工作。

Did you see the film?

你看电影了吗?

Yes, I did./ No, I didn't.

是的,看过。/不,我没有。

2)用法

①表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。常用的时间状语有:yesterday, last week, four days ago, in 1968等。

eg. I received a letter yesterday.

我昨天收到一封信。

My mother worked here in 1972.

我妈妈1972年在这儿工作。

②表示过去一段时间内经常发生的动作。

eg. Mrs Peter always carried an umbrella.

彼得太太过去总是带着一把伞。

3.现在完成时

1)构成

①由助动词have/ has+过去分词构成。规则动词的过去分词与它的过去式相同,即动词原形词尾后加-ed;不规则动词的过去分词须逐个记忆。

②助动词have/ has构成现在完成时的否定、疑问及答语。

eg. I haven't had lunch.

我还没有吃午饭。

Has he read the book?

他读过这本书吗?

Yes, he has. No, he hasn't.

是的,他读过。/不,他没有。

2)用法

①表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响和结果。常用的时间状语有:already, yet, never, just等。

eg. I have just seen the film.

我刚看过这部电影。

Mary hasn't drawn her picture yet.

玛丽还没有画完她的画。

②表示过去已经开始,延续到现在的动作和状态,往往和表示一段时间的状语连用。常用的有:for two weeks, since 1968等。

eg. They have known each other since they came to this school.

自从他们来到这所学校就彼此认识。

He has thought English for two years.

他已经教了两年英语。

③英语中有些动词的动作是不能延续的,这些动词的现在完成时不能直接和表示一段时间的时间状语连用,需把非延续性动词变成延续性动词。这类动词有:join, buy, go, come, become, leave, give等。

eg. He has come here for two years.(×)

He has been here for two years. (√)

④have been to表示“去过某地”,含义是“已经离开那里”;have gone to表示“去了某地”,含义是“仍然在那里”或“在途中”。

eg. She has gone to the library.

她去了图书馆。(人不在这里)

They have been to Beijing.

他们去过北京。(人不在北京)

3)一般过去时与现在完成时的区别:

①一般过去时单纯表示过去某时发生的动作,与现在没有任何联系,句中通常有表示单纯过去的时间状语。

eg. I studied English three years ago.

我三年前学过英语。(三年前的动作,与现在无关)

I had my lunch.

我吃了午饭。(午饭已经吃过,现在可再吃,可不吃,不受其影响)

②现在完成时表示过去发生或开始的动作,但涉及现在或还在延续。

eg. I have studied English for three years.

我已经学了三年英语。(三年前开始学,直到现在,可能以后还会继续学)

I have already had my lunch.

我吃了午饭。(过去某时吃的,现在还不饿,不用再吃)

Δ常用于现在完成时的时间副词、短语和句型有:recently, lately, in the last/ past few years, so far, since短语/从句等。

Δ瞬间动词可用于现在完成时,但不能和表示持续时间的状语连用,如不能与for+一段时间,how long提问的疑问句,since+短语或从句连用。

eg. He has come for half an hour.(×)

他已经来了半小时。

He has been here for half an hour.(√)

他已经来了半小时。

注意英汉表达的差别。come是瞬间动词,不能与延续时间for half an hour连用。在运用现在完成时的时候要注意这一类动词的用法。

4. 情态动词

A. 常用的情态动词有can, may, must, need,它们与动词连用一起构成谓语。

can的用法

①can表示“能力,能,会”

eg. He can swim well, but I can't. 他会游泳,而我不会。

②表示“可以,能够”

eg. He can finish it in an hour. 他能在一小时之内完成它。

③表示“许可,可以”,常用在口语中。

eg. You can use my bike. 你可以用我的自行车。

B. will, shall的用法

1)will在一般疑问句中表示客气。

eg. Will you show me your picture book? 你能让我看看你的画册吗?(请求)Will you please give me a call? 请你给我打个电话好吗?

对Will you…?的回答有以下方式:

①Yes, I will.(No, I won't.)

②Sure.(I'm sorry, I can't.)

③All right.

④Certainly.(No, thank you.)

⑤Yes, please.

2)shall引导的疑问句,表示客气的请求。

eg. Shall I show you my book? 我可以给你看看我的书吗?

Shall we sing the English song? 我们可以唱这首英文歌吗?

对Shall I(we)…疑问句的回答有以下方式:

①Yes, please.

②Yes, thank you.

eg. -Shall we see a film?-No, thank you.

我们看个电影好吗?-不,谢谢。

Shall we begin with you? All right./ Yes, let's.(No, let's not.)

我们从你这开始好吗?好的。(不,不行。)

C. would和should的区别

1)would→will的过去式;should→shall的过去式。

Would you…?Will you…?表示客气的请求、劝说;Would you…?更客气。eg. Would you tell me how to get to the shop?

你能告诉我去商店怎么走吗?

Will you like to have a party?

你愿意去参加聚会吗?

2)should+v.表示“应该”

eg. We should learn from each other. 我们应该互相学习。

You should help each other. 你们应该互相帮助。

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