育明考博咨询电话400-668-6978QQ：493371626 2015北大考博QQ交流群105619820英语群335488903专业课群157460416北京大学经济学院考博英语真题-参考书-导师-笔记
一、北京大学经济学院考博资讯
（一）、初试科目（笔试）：
（1）外语
（2）经济学基础（宏观经济学、微观经济学、马克思主义经济学原理及应用）。（3）经济计量学（含概率与统计）。
（二）、复试：
由各专业组织，具体情况如下：
1.复试时间：一般在4月中旬，具体时间以当年的复试通知为准。
2.复试形式及内容：
复试形式：口试
复试内容：
（1）考生自我介绍：学历、工作经历、研究方向、科研成果及其主要成就等；
（2）现场回答专业知识；
（3）用外语回答有关提问；
3.复试时间：约30分钟。
4.复试为差额复试。初试成绩占录取成绩的70％，复试成绩占录取成绩的30％；复试成绩必须达到60分。
5.复试时请出示有效证件及复试通知书；
6.复试时不得迟到，不能携带任何资料。
7.复试成绩按百分制计；
分数构成：
（1）答题的完整性（要点的全面性）：0－30分；
（2）答题的深度性（分析的深度、前沿性等）：0－20分；
（3）知识面的宽度（回答问题时展现出的相关知识）：0－10分；
（4）答题过程中展现出的逻辑思维能力和反应能力：0－10分；
（5）语言表达能力（中文、外语）：0－30分。
（三）、参考书
微观经济学：
对于一般同学：注意高微只讲教材的前一半，后一半如果有兴趣或有时间可以大概看一下。高微考试会涉及部分中微的内容，特别是比较难的计算部分，如寡头市场等，这部分可以参考中微5、7。高微的复习要注意基本概念和定理的理解，其次是习题，这部分参考1、3。
对于时间紧的同学：同上，但在高微的习题方面可以适当减少复习时间。
1.高级微观经济学课件及习题★★★★★
2.高级微观经济学教材1和2
3.高级微观经济学教材答案★★★★★
4.中级微观经济学课件（刘文忻和张元鹏）★★★
5.中级微观经济学课后答案（刘文忻和张元鹏）★★★
6.中级微观题库★★
7.中级微观教材配套习题教材（张元鹏）★★★
宏观经济学：
对于一般同学：对于基础不好，或者没学过张延中宏的同学，要先看中宏的课件以及习题答案，打好基础。然后再看高宏的课件以及习题，也要达到背诵的程度，完全理解，可以参考5、6。课件看的差不多后，可以把教材的习题做一遍。
对于时间紧的同学：先把中宏看明白，然后把高宏的课件以及习题背熟。
1.高级宏观经济学教材+教材原版答案（第一版和第二版）★★★
2.高级宏观经济学课件（张延）★★★★★
3.高级宏观经济学课后习题讲解（张延）★★★★★
4.高级宏观经济学数学参考资料（适用于数学和中宏基础不好的同学）
5.高级宏观学习笔记★★★
6.高级宏观经济学总结性笔记★★★
7.中级宏观经济学课件（张延）★★★
8.中级宏观经济学课后习题答案（张延）★★★
9.中级宏观几何总结（推荐）
10.中级宏观题库
11.中级宏观教材
12.中级宏观教材答案★★★
政经：
可以参考考研复习说明中的政经部分。但要注意：1.分析问题的深度要进一步加强，参考2、3、5、12等，适当参考相关论文及报道等，注意不要与老师的立场相悖；2.数据要准备要更为充分，把每道大题当作一篇作文来准备，提出论点时最好有依据。
1.《资本论》专题研究课件（方敏）
2.《资本论》专题录音整理（方敏）★★★★★
3.《资本论》专题研究课堂笔记（方敏）★★★★★
4.北大经院刘伟政经课件
5.北大经院刘伟政经论文（最新更新）★★★★★
6.《资本论选读》、《政治经济学》、《资本论专题》录音（方敏）
7.崔建华老师政治经济学资本主义部分上课笔记★★★
8.逄锦聚政治经济学复习总结★★★
9.政治经济学社会主义部分综合背诵版★★★★
10.政治经济学课堂作业答案与习题★★★
11.辅导班政治经济学内部讲义★★★★
12.辅导班政治经济学大题总结★★★★
计量经济学：
对于一般同学：以本科计量经济学为主，有精力可以看高级计量。主要看本科计量的课件及课后习题，其次看本科教材的课后习题答案，注意本科的计量要求有一定的概
率论基础。然后看高级计量的课件及课后习题，其次看高级计量教材的课后习题答案。对于时间紧的同学：主要看本科计量的课件及课后习题，其次看本科教材的课后习题答案。
1.北京大学经济学院计量经济学课件、习题及答案（本科的计量经济学）★★★★★
2.北京大学经济学院计量经济学教材（本科的计量经济学）★★★★★
3.北京大学经济学院计量经济学教材答案（本科的计量经济学）★★★★★
4.高级计量经济学教材中、英文版（研究生的计量经济学）
5.高级计量经济学教材中、英文版习题答案（研究生的计量经济学）★★★
6.高级计量经济学课件（研究生的计量经济学）★★★
7.高级计量经济学课后习题及答案（研究生的计量经济学）★★★
二、北京大学考博英语内容、题型
从13年开始，经院自主命题英语试卷。这样做的目的是降低英语难度。大家知道北大考博英语的难度在全国是首屈一指的，每年经院都有专业课很高但英语没过线的情况。具体题型是这样的：首先没有听力，最开始是填空，就是给你单词缩写，让你写全称，比如GDP代表什么，总共5个空；接下来是完形填空；下面是阅读理解，再然后是翻译，翻译的题目来源于前面的阅读理解；最后就是两篇作文，每篇15分。总体看来，作文比例挺大，大家可以多做些这方面训练。
三、育明考博优秀学员寄语
1，给自己找个必须考博的理由，每天提醒自己要加油;
2，不要太关注别人，关注自己的方法和进度，找到一个适合自己的方法;
3，记住：没有付出即没有收获，你花了多少时间，你就将收获多少。
4，除了睡觉吃饭和必要的休息外，尽量少地浪费时间在参加别人的宣讲会上;
5，尽量多地利用各方资源，知道地越多，你会看地越清楚;
6，劳逸结合，追求梦想但也要给自己休息时间以恢复气力和更好地思索。
7，静下心来复习，给自己寻找一个安静的心境和安静的环境。
五、是否在考前联系导师
考博联系导师是肯定的。在初步定好考博学校之后，就要和所报考院校中的意向导师取得联系，询问是否有招生名额，能否报考，这是我们考博成功的关键第一步。
大多数考生会在九月中下旬与导师取得联系。因为太早，学校里面直博名额什么的还没有确定，报考的导师也不清楚是否有名额；太晚的话，怕别的学生比你早联系就不好了。一般情况下，导师对一个学生很中意的话，后来联系的学生，导师一般也不
会答应其报考了。在此说点题外话，联系导师的过程中，如果读研期间的导师有关系，可以尽量利用。如果没有，也没关系，凭着自己的本事也是可以和考博导师很好的沟通的，这就要看自己了。
通常跟导师初次联系，都是发邮件。导师回复邮件的情况一般有几种：
（1）、欢迎报考。这种答复最笼统，说明不了问题。我们可以接着努力和老师多沟通，看看具体的进展，避免出现初试之后却没有名额的情况。
（2）、名额有限，可以报考，但有竞争。很多人说这样的回复不满意，认为希望很小一般会被刷。其实这样还是比较好的一种回答，最起码导师没有骗你而且给你机会去证明自己，考的好就可以上。
(3）、你的研究方向和我一样......各种一大堆他的研究方向和你相关，欢迎报考什么的话。不可否认，这是最好的情况，你可以放心的去考，一般不会出问题的。但不排除偶然，像出现直博和本学校的硕转博名额问题，可能会给我们的报考和录取产生影响。
总之考博凭的是实力和自身的本事，关系只是占一部分，自己努力了就行，不用过分纠结于导师回复有没有啥隐含意思的。
初次联系好导师后，一定要注意跟导师保持联系。每半个月或者一个月向导师汇报一下学习情况或者复习情况，交流一下科研方向，这很有必要。一方面让导师觉得你
很想去跟他深造，另一方面显得你虔诚好学。
六、是否有必要参加辅导班
博士考试是目前中国最高层次的考试，博士考试分为英语和专业课两大块。考博英语没有统一的大纲，各个学校的出题题型和难度均不一样，专业课的考察更是各有各
的特点，这就决定了很难出现专业的辅导机构进行大规模的辅导。育明考博经过近五年的积累，在研究了众多高校的考博英语真题之后，结合不同考生的情况，推出了多种班次，取得了非常好的效果。
考博英语对词汇的要求很高，一般大家要有至少8000以上的词汇量，这是最基本的要求，而考博英语最喜欢考的是近义词和形近词，这些词的分类总结是非常耗费时间和精力的。此外考博英语对语法的要求非常高，对语法的考察贯穿整张试卷，根据我们的经验，大部分考生，高中毕业之后就没有再系统的学习过语法知识，所以说亟需这方面的学习。
育明考博拥有完整的辅导体系，全面的复习资料和优秀的教师队伍，能够在短时间内，让大家掌握考博英语常考的词汇和语法等“硬知识”，同时掌握答题技巧、备考心态等“软实力”，对于有一定经济基础的考生来讲，参加育明考博的面授辅导班是一个省时省力的好选择。
除了考博英语之外，专业课的复习也很关键。专业课的备考仅仅看指定的参考书是远远不够的，出题导师的课件，在给研究生和博士生上课时的讲稿，最近的研究重点和研究的课题等信息才是最重要的信息，育明考博目前提供北京地区的绝大多数高校的绝大多数专业的专业课的辅导，能够给大家提供专业课的真题、导师的上述资料和命题人的一对一指导等服务，显而易见，这对广大考生而言，肯定是大有裨益的。
当然，如果大家没有条件来参加辅导班，也不要紧，只要是广泛收集信息，多交流，肯吃苦，也会取得一个不错的结果。
七、如何抓住重点提高成绩
考博人数不断增加，考博的难度也在不断攀升。抓住规律，就可能事半功倍。博士生与硕士生专业考试题有共同点也有不同点，共同点就是都是考查运用基本理论分析问题的能力。不同点是硕士生还要考一些基本的知识，而博士生人学考试主要考查在
基本理论基础上对学术动态的把握和现实问题分析，大多都是大的论述题。考博肯定要广泛读书，刻苦攻读，这些我们不必赘述，主要谈谈应试技巧方面。抓住专业重点是任何复习考试的关键。博士考题一般不会很偏，但是答好不容易，尤其是面向很多专业的基础课考题。
八、博士生考试如何抓重点
第一、搞清楚历年考试题型。题型是考试形式，与考试内容关系密切。一般考试题型定了，考试内容也就基本定了。考试题型以及历年考试题，可以通过同学或者朋友从报考学校获得。一般考试题型具有很强的连续性，比如有的高校爱出进展题，对此，一定要多注意平时积累。
第二、推断出题的方向。一般说来，报考学校、报考专业基础课的考题，是由报考单位的比较有学术威望的老师来出，大多是报考专业的博士点负责人出题。推断出了老师，基本可以判断出题的内容。通过文献检索和网上查询，弄清楚这几个老师近几年来，特别是近两年的发表的论文、著作和所从事的课题研究题目。考题的题目大致就是这些。因为导师对近期从事的研究比较熟悉，比较感兴趣，倾向于出这类的题目。通过各种渠道，尽量了解可能出题老师的学术背景，比如他的年龄、学术观点、研究领域、毕业学校等等，另外，报考学校其他老师的有关研究也要关注，因为他拥有的资料，可能出题老师也拥有。去年考了的题目，今年不会考，但是邻近的内容一般就是考试内容。
第三、必须抓住所考科目的"核心要素"。任何一门学科都有一系列重点，必须把这些问题搞清楚。即使考题跑出了重点范围，运用所掌握的"核心知识"，答题也不会差很远。也就是说专业课的基本原理、基本概念、基本知识必须具备。只要把这些基本的东西搞得很透，一般不会出间题。课本上有些东西都是"陪衬"，如果没有充足的精力，根本就不用看，一般不会考。这样，可能考的内容很精通，考试成绩就容易提高。建议考试用书是简写本。因为这种版本简明扼要，重点突出，便于记忆。每门学科都有一些放之四海而皆准的"真理"，牢固掌握这些"核心知识"，就已经得到大半分数了，遇到不会的问题，只要沾边就写。
关于博士英语考试，以前，英语是阻碍博士生人门的一个门槛，随着目前考生整体英语水平的提高，英语的把关效力逐年下降。一些人外语很好，恰恰在专业课上栽了。
对相当一部分人来说，外语还是个拦路虎。博士外语的难度各个学校不一样，一般介于英语六级和托福考试之间。近年来，育明考博们发现考博的英语难度有所提高，主要是词汇量大了。有些阅读材料的词汇很偏，专业性强，可能字典上都没有。如何准备外语呢?
育明考博们建议大家参加英语培训班。单纯自己看书做题，效果未必好。如果经济条件允许，跟班学习对于提高成绩有好处。如果是高校老师，可以在本校听听英语课。另外，每个高校的外语题型不同，考查的侧重点不同，有必要从市面上买几本考博英语书，给大家推荐两本我们育明考博编写的参考书《考博英语真题解析》和《考博词汇》。总之，要有针对性地复习。
九、考博专业课的复习
对待专业课的认识，有些考生以为自己学了这么多年本专业，甚至发表了不少文章，专业课应该没问题了，从而放松了对自己专业课复习的要求。其实现在博士录取时，各个环节都不能放松。大家特别要注意下面两个阶段：
1、了解学术动态。
考生在确定了报考的导师和研究方向以后，要立刻在招生简章或报考学校的网站上查到复习的参考资料。一定要翻翻近两年专业杂志，看看大家讨论的热点问题，浏览一下报考学校近三年的学报，了解本专业发表的论文。最好，在考前就有关热点问题加以思考，提出自己的观点和看法。尤其需要强调一点，考生应在中国期刊网上查到导师近五年中发表的文章以及导师近年的专著，有些观点、数据、理论要掌握，特别是有关老师的论文一定要烂熟于心，遇到类似的题目可以搬上去，这对于提高你的成绩会大有裨益。特别要注意教师在一些有争议的问题上的观点和立场，围绕这种问题，
时间允许的话最好再收集相关资料。往往导师会在这些间题上查考学生。导师招收博士，也是寻求合作者的过程，如果发现一个对自己近两年研究的领域知之甚多，甚至观点也和自己相容或相似，势必会给导师带来好的印象。可以提前和该导师的博士生取得联系，要求提供去年的专业课考试的考题(一般专业课试题有10%一30%的重复率，而各高校却不提供专业课考题)，也可以请他大致谈谈考试出题的倾向以及考试的感受和经验。
2、复习阶段。
花半个月时间收集全资料后，应拟订一个大致的复习计划，内容包括时间和进度安排、复习方式、自查形式等等。这里需要注意的是l)时间上，专业课的复习要留有充足的时间，越往后复习密度应逐渐加强。(2)精力安排要详略得当。一般要求复习教材内容至少三遍。第一遍，对教材有一个大致的把握，这本教材谈了哪些方面的问题，相互之间是什么样的逻辑体系。第二遍，画出重点内容，并适当记忆，掌握该教材的一般知识点，尤其是该书的精华部分和大致脉络、主要观点应非常清楚。个人看书习惯可能不同，既可以做读书笔记，也可以就在书上画，然后再整理出一个个的理论、观点。这里要注意学会比较研究的方法，即比较各个理论之间的异同，从而确立自己的立场。对研究领域当前的热点问题，尽可能找些资料看看，并初步思考这些问题以使自己有一个较为明确的观点，有心得的地方应专门记录下来。如果说前两遍是考生自我学习消化的过程，第三遍则是直接为考试做准备的，应放在离考试日期较近的时间内(以一个月内为宜)。其目的就是为了使自己前面学到的东西不至于在考场上反映不出来。(3)复习内容上有一点需单独强调，即对所考的课程，均要阅读几本非指定考试用书。很多导师喜欢出书评一类的题型。
对于应届毕业生而言，专业课复习有优势也有劣势。优势一是自己的硕士论文刚做，对本专业的理论，特别是前沿理论以及当前的热点问题掌握得较全面;二是如果是报考本校的导师可以较方便地找到有资料_甚至可以提前一两个学期选修该导师的专业课，从而在专业和感情上与老师靠近，这对下一步的面试很重要。劣势一是不少硕士生精力投放在找工作上以及接触该专业时间较短；二是缺乏具体实践经验和社会资本。
对于跨专业报考的考生而言，难度往往比较大。一定要分析好自己的优势和劣势后再决定报考。在复习时也可以适当兼顾以前的专业。笔试和面试要让导师感觉到你原
专业功底比较扎实，报考该专业是个人研究兴趣的转向而不是自己在原专业上失败了才改换门庭。不过复习专业课时，所准备的时间和精力要明显增加，时间分配要向专业课倾斜。同时，在复习专业课时，要从报考专业的基本教材看起，学习该专业硕士生甚至本科生的课程，对一般课程大致浏览，有一个宏观的把握就行。而对考试指定课程，则应反复阅读，重点突破。
十、育明考博部分辅导课程介绍
线南背裁入瞄然
钨椭见瞄建见敛野见敛件板＄允％处氢
一、基础夯实A班：8月21日-25日
B班：9月12日-17日
40课时授课+12
课时练习
25001、全程班：4980元
2、一二阶段连报：4000
元
3、一三阶段连报：4200
元
4、二三阶段连报：4500
元
二、强化提升
A班：10月3日-7日
B班：11月7日-11日
C班：12月12日-16日
40课时授课+12
课时练习
3000
三、考前押题A班：2月20日-22日
B班：3月6日-8日
24课时授课+8
课时模考
3500秉承“高能高分，实力至上”的原则
主要授课内容有：1、导学规划；2、听力技巧和方法。
3、考博单词精讲精练，特别是形近词、意近词和固定搭配的重点突破。
4、常考语法讲解；
5、完形填空精讲讲练；
6、阅读理解360透析法以及其它技巧和方法；
7、翻译“631”法以及其它技巧和方法；
8、作文“厚重、灵动、美观”法以及其它注意事项；
9、模拟考试、10、预测押题。
线南背裁公亲英突咽然
见瞄同着钨椭见瞄建见敛野件板＄允％处氢
六人行一、基础夯实
每周开课一到两
次，上课时间灵
活决定
9800
1、送所有面授小班
2、不过第二年免费重修
小班
二、强化提升
三、考前押题
四、复试指导
线南背裁?寸?见瞄
见瞄付疵见敛卓
表
裁
毫
鉴
覆
含
劈
宋
垃
纸
衬
佛
摸
蒲
刑
篇
霓
刀
亨
田
隆
蔽
朋
迹
键
炮
刀
朋
禾
隆
或
左
桑
承
街
鉴
抦
隆
备
衰
抬
寻
俄
刀
与
丘
见
抬
寻
绘
窝
寻
帆
俄
当
E138√√√√√√√√√一
年
√√
1
次
E252√√√√√√√√√二
年
√√
1
次
√
E368√√√√√√√√√三
年
√√
2
次
√
E482√√√√√√√√√四
年
√√
2
次
√
E596√√√√√√√√√五
年
√√
3
次
√
E6110√√√√√√√√√六
年
√√
3
次
√
E7140√√√√√√√√√七
年
√√
4
次
√√√√
E8200√√√√√√√√√八
年
√√
5
次
√√√√√
E9特别保
录无限制√√√√√√√√√
八
年
√√
无
限
制
√√√√√√
处氢６1、?寸?址蹬入瞄尊然。2、E3令三然桨蹬6亲英见瞄。3、下走址叮票事
平克证迹信尊然
线南与丘见?寸?见瞄然
牵襟拽克然
?寸?见瞄见敛
建
见
敛
野
备
也
蒲
刑
厅
平
田
隆
蝴
蔽
迹
键
炮
刀
朋
禾
隆
操
毫
伟
拨
易
擅
诊
蜘
扎
同
抬
寻
背裁桑
线街鉴
＄桨％
与丘见
桑线线
宗街鉴
＄桨％
抦
隆
俄
刀
备
衰
费
寻
绘
窝
寻
帆
背
裁
费
寻
俄
当
□ZY1专业课
36
课时
随
报
随
学
√√√√√√1√
□ZY2专业课
52
课时
√√√√√√2√
□ZY3专业课
68
课时
√√√√√√23√
□ZY4专业课
76
课时
√√√√√√44√√√
□ZY5专业课
92课时√√√√√√66√√√√
保______分
□BG1全科保过120
课时
√√√√√√88√√√√√
□BG2定向保录没有
限制
√√√√√√88√√√√√√
牵襟
拽克见瞄见敛
建见
敛野
牵
襟
蒲
刑
牵襟
氢忽
争附
蝴蔽
易
擅
诊
蜘
夕
裁
禁
笔
抬
寻
华
动
反
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蟹
蟹
丧亲
铃跳
推冗
抬寻
祖
衰
费
寻
夕裁
叠裁
抬寻
与
害
拽
脑
保
抦
隆
俄
刀
备衰
绘窝
寻帆
俄当
□60课
十一、育明考博优秀学员及成绩介绍
育明考博坚持“小班夯实基础”与“一对一重点攻克”相结合的教学思路，认真对每一位学员负责。针对每一位学员自身实际与报考院校的不同，在教学规划与授课方式上进行个性化的设置，推动每一位学员都能够在最短的时间内取得理论知识与应试技巧的最大提升。近几年育明考博的辅导课程取得了卓著的成绩，每年都有近百人进入北京各院校的重点学科，以下是关于几位优秀学员的介绍：
学员一
郭海龙：北京大学国际关系学院科学社会主义与国际共产主义运动专业博士（附本人照片）
简介：育明考博2014届优秀学员，硕士毕业于中共江苏省委党校。2014年7月报名进入育明考博辅导课程进行学习，所选课程为北大英语集训营与专业课一对一教学。经过7个月左右的系统学习顺利考入北大国关学院。（附课堂笔记及模拟考试试卷图
片）
学员二
赵文娟：人民大学环境学院人口、资源与环境经济学专业博士（附本人照片）
简介：育明考博14届优秀学员，硕士毕业于中国石油大学。2013年7月报名进入育
明考博辅导课程进行学习，所选课程为人大英语集训营与专业课一对一教学。（附模拟考试试卷照片）
学员三
李璨：北京大学光华管理学院企业管理专业
简介：育明考博14届优秀学员，硕士毕业于中国石油大学。2013年7月报名进入育明考博辅导课程进行学习，所选课程为北大英语集训营与专业课多人班。（附模拟考试
试卷照片）
本文由“育明考博”整理编辑
北京大学考博英语模拟题14 Part ⅠVocabulary 1. The attack of the World Trade Center will leave a ______ impression on those who have witnessed the explosion. A.long B.forever https://www.doczj.com/doc/772392203.html,sting D.lively 答案：C [解答] 本题空格处是说留下持久的印记。long的意思是“长期的”；forever的意思是“永远”；lasting的意思是“持久的”；lively的意思是“活泼的，逼真的”。四个选项中只有C项符合题意。 2. The magician picked out several persons ______ from the audience and asked them to help him with the performance. A.by accident B.on average C.on occasion D.at random 答案：D by accident偶然的。on average平均的。on occasion有时。at random随意的。 3. British hopes of a gold medal in the Olympic Games suffered ______ yesterday, when Hunter failed to qualify during the preliminary heats. A.a sharp set-back B.severe set-back C.a severe blown-up D.sharp blown-up
西安交通大学考博英语试题及其解析 I.In each question,decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET,(15points) EXAMPLE: I was caught_the rain yesterday. A.in B.by C.with D.at ANSWER:(A) l.Those two families have been quarrelling__each other for many years. A.to B.between C.against D.with 2.There are many things whose misuse is dangerous,bur it is hard to think of anything that can be compared___ A.in B.with C.among D.by 3."How often have you seen cases like this?"one surgeon asked another."Oh,__times,I guess,"was the reply. A.hundred of B.hundreds C.hundreds of D.hundred 4.Give me your telephone number__I need your help. A.whether B.unless C.so that D.in case 5.You sang well last night.We hope you'll sing__. A.more better B.still better C.nicely D.best 6.Those people__a general understanding of the present situation. https://www.doczj.com/doc/772392203.html,ck of B.are lacking of https://www.doczj.com/doc/772392203.html,ck D.are in lack 7.Alone in a desert house,he was so busy with his research work
Reading Text 1 Few social problems have increased so suddenly or been dramatized so effectively as the plight of the homeless in the 1980s and 1990s.Once an invisible people who could easily be ignored, the homeless are now recognized everywhere on the streets and in the public facilities of major cities. There are bag ladies who roam the streets carrying what is left of their possessions in shopping bags or grocery carts. There are disoriented men curled up on benches, in stairwells, or alongside walls. There are children – some runaways and some throwaways scrounge(偷，骗取) for food and shelter. The number of homeless people in underdeveloped societies in the mid-1980s was estimated by the United Nations (UN) to be more than 100 million. The so-called “new”homeless live in the developed, industrialized nations of Europe, North America, and East Asia. Accurate statistics have been impossible to verify, in part because of the conflicting viewpoints on the subject of homelessness. Politicians, lawyers, and others who become advocates for the homeless have said that there are from 2 to 3 million homeless in the US alone. Others who have studied the problem from a less sympathetic point of view suggest that the
Part Two:Structure and Written Expression(20%) Directions:For each question decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked、Mark your choices on the Answer Sheet、 11. Whether the extension of consciousness is a “good thing”for human being is a question that a wide solution、 A.admits of B、requires of C、needs of D、seeks for 12.In a culture like ours, long all things as a means of control, it is sometimes a bit of a shock to be reminded that the medium is the message、 A.accustomed to split and divided B.accustomed to splitting and dividing C.accustomed to split and dividing D.accustomed to splitting and divided 13.Apple pie is neither good nor bad; it is the way it is used that determines its value、 A、at itself B、as itself C、on itself D、in itself 14. us earlier, your request to the full、 A、You have contacted…we could comply with B、Had you contacted…we could have complied with C、You had contacted…could we have complied with D、Have you contacted…we could comply with 15.The American Revolution had no medieval legal institutions to or to root out, apart from monarchy、 A、discard B、discreet C、discord D、disgorge 16、Living constantly in the atmosphere of slave, he became infected the unconscious their psychology、No one can shield himself such an influence、 A、on…by…at B、by…for…in C、from…in…on D、through…with…from 17、The effect of electric technology had at first been anxiety、Now it appears to create 、 A、bore B、bored C、boredom D、bordom 18、Jazz tends to be a casual dialogue form of dance quite in the receptive and mechanical forms of the waltz、 A、lacked B、lacking C、for lack of D、lack of 19、There are too many complains about society move too fast to keep up with the machine、 A、that have to B、have to C、having to D、has to 20、The poor girl spent over half a year in the hospital but she is now for it、 A、none the worse B、none the better C、never worse D、never better 21、As the silent film sound, so did the sound film color、 A、cried out for…cried out for B、cry out for…cry out for C、had cried out for…cried out for D、had cried out for…cry out for 22、While his efforts were tremendous the results appeared to be very 、 A、trigger B、meager C、vigor D、linger 23、Western man is himself being de-Westernized by his own speed-up, by industrial technology、 A、as much the Africans are detribalized B、the Africans are much being detribalized C、as much as the Africans are being detribalized D、as much as the Africans are detribalized 24、We admire his courage and self-confidence、 A、can but B、cannot only C、cannot but D、can only but 25、In the 1930’s, when millions of comic books were the young with fighting and killing, nobody seemed to notice that the violence of cars in the streets was more hysterical、
浙大考博英语真题部分考试
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2016年浙江大学博士生英语 听力 PART A Welcome to Everglades National Park. The Everglades is a watery plain covered with saw grass that's home to numerous species of plants and wildlife. At one and a half million acres, it's too big to see it all today, but this tour will offer you a good sampling. Our tour bus will stop first at T aylor Slough. This is a good place to start because it's home to many of the plants and animals typically associated with the Everglades. You'll see many exotic birds and, of course, our world famous alligators. Don't worry, there's a boardwalk that goes across the marsh, so you can look down at the animals in the water from a safe distance. The boardwalk is high enough to give you a great view of the saw grass prairie. From there we'll head to some other marshy and even jungle like areas that feature wonderful tropical plant life. For those of you who'd like a closer view of the saw grass prairie, you might consider renting a canoe sometime during your visit here. However, don't do this unless you have a very good sense of direction and can negotiate your way through tall grass. We'd hate to have to come looking for you. You have the good fortune of being here in the winter—the best time of year to visit. During the spring and summer, the mosquitoes will just about eat you alive! Right now they're not so bothersome, but you'll still want to use an insect repellent. Welcome to Everglades National Park. The Everglades is a watery plain covered with saw grass that's home to numerous species of plants and wildlife. At one and a half million acres, it's too big to see it all today, but this tour will offer you a good sampling. Our tour bus will stop first at Taylor Slough. This is a good place to start because it's home to many of the plants and animals typically associated with the Everglades. You'll see many exotic birds and, of course, our world famous alligators. Don't worry, there's a boardwalk that goes across the marsh, so you can look down at the animals in the water from a safe distance. The boardwalk is high enough to give you a great view of the saw grass prairie. From there we'll head to some other marshy and even jungle like areas that feature wonderful tropical plant life. For those of you who'd like a closer view of the saw grass prairie, you might consider renting a canoe sometime during your visit here. However, don't do this unless you have a very good sense of direction and can negotiate your way through tall grass. We'd hate to have to come looking for you. You have the good fortune of being here in the winter—the best time of year to visit. During the spring and summer, the mosquitoes will just about eat you alive! Right now they're not so bothersome, but you'll still want to use an insect repellent.----- 文章来源托福听力 听力是托福内容，完型填空是大学英语教程第四册里面的内容~~~
北京大学考博英语真题常见句子翻译方法近期很多考生问关于条件状语从句的分析和翻译问题，在此，育明考博老师结合同学提出的两个典型问题为大家分析条件状语从句，并给出相应的参考译文。 一、问题：请分析并翻译：If you are part of the group which you are addressing,you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and it’ll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman’s notorious bad taste in ties. 解析：很多考生看到这样一句从横三、四行的长句会心生畏惧，对自己没有信心，自然也就无法理清这句中的各种枝节。拿到这样的一个句子，最主要的仍然是先把主干找到，然后再看其他部分和主干的关系。需要各大院校历年考博英语真题及其解析请加扣扣七七二六七八五三七或二八九零零六四三五一，也可以拨打全国免费咨询电话四零零六六八六九七八享受考博辅导体验。 句子主干：you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems and it’ll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman’s notorious bad taste in ties 主干是由两个并列的分句组成的，第一个分句是you will be in a position to know the experiences主系表结构，第二个分句是it’ll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman’s notorious bad taste in ties形式主语+系表结构+不定式作真正的主语。
General English Admission Test For Non-English Major Ph.D. program (Harbin Institute of Technology) Passage One Questions 1-7 are based on the following passage: According to a recent theory, Archean-age gold-quartz vein systems were formed over two billion years ago from magmatic fluids that originated from molten granitelike bodies deep beneath the surface of the Earth. This theory is contrary to the widely held view that the systems were deposited from metamorphic fluids, that is, from fluids that formed during the dehydration of wet sedimentary rocks. The recently developed theory has considerable practical importance. Most of the gold deposits discovered during the original gold rushes were exposed at the Earth’s surface and were found because the y had shed trails of alluvial gold that were easily traced by simple prospecting methods. Although these same methods still leas to an occasional discovery, most deposits not yet discovered have gone undetected because they are buried and have no surface expression. The challenge in exploration is therefore to unravel the subsurface geology of an area and pinpoint the position of buried minerals. Methods widely used today include analysis of aerial images that yield a broad geological overview, geophysical techniques that provide data on the magnetic, electrical, and mineralogical properties of the rocks being investigated, and sensitive chemical tests that are able to detect : the subtle chemical halos that often envelop mineralization. However, none of these high-technology methods are of any value if the sites to which they are applied have never mineralized, and to maximize the chances of discovery the explorer must therefore pay particular attention to selecting the ground formations most likely to be mineralized. Such ground selection relies to varying degrees on conceptual models, which take into account theoretical studies of relevant factors. These models are constructed primarily from empirical observations of known mineral deposits and from theories of ore-forming processes. The explorer uses the models to identify those geological features that are critical to the formation of the mineralization being modeled, and then tries to select areas for exploration that exhibit as many of the critical features as possible. 1. The author is primarily concerned with . A. advocating a return to an older methodology. B. explaining the importance of a recent theory. C. enumerating differences between two widely used methods D. describing events leading to a discovery 2. According to passage, the widely held view of Archean-age gold-quartz vein
北京大学2007年博士研究生入学考试英语试题 Part One: Listening Comprehension略 Part Two: Structure and Written Expression (20%) Directions: For each question decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Mark your choices on the ANSWER SHEET. 21._________ before we leave the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful time together. [A] Had they arrived [B] Would they arrive [C] Were they arriving [D] Were they to arrive 22._________ last year and is now earning his living as an advertising agent. [A] He would leave school [B] He left school [C] He had left school [D] He has left school 23.Some people viewed the findings with caution, noting that a cause-and-effect relationship between passive smoking and cancer remained _________. [A] to be shown [B] to have been shown [C] to have shown [D] being shown 24.__________ that should be given priority to. [A] It is the committee has decided [B] It is only the committee has decided [C] It is what the committee has decided [D] It is what has the committee decided 25. The most interesting new cars may owe __________ the simple wisdom of hiring a few talented people and allowing them to work. [A] less local free-spiritedness than [B] less local free-spiritedness than to [C] to less local free-spiritedness than to [D] less to local free-spiritedness than to 26. Over the years, Jimmy Connors __________ phenomenal displays of tennis and temper—and at the U.S. Open last week, he exhibited both again. [A] has treated spectators with [B] has treated spectator for [C] has treated spectators [D] has treated spectators to 27. Summer holidays spent on the hot ghetto streets are __________ the time middle-class students devote to camps, exotic vacations and highly organized sports. [A] as hardly culturally enriching as [B] as hardly enriching culture as
Test One（听力播放） Section A Directions: In this section you will hear 10 short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a third voice will ask a question about what was said. You will hear the question only once. When you have heard the question, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C and D and decide which is the best answer. Mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a pencil. 1. A. He’s worried. B. It’s getting late. C. He heard a noise outside. D. He can’t see out of the window. 2. A. Soon B. In 20 minutes. C. They don’t care. D. They don’t know. 3. A. Here. B. A pass. C. An official. D.A letter of introduction. 4. A. Home. B. To town. C. To his friends. D. To a restaurant. 5. A. She uses coffee. B. She hates coffee. C. She never liked coffee. D. She liked coffee before. 6. A. The pay isn’t important. B. They don’t need the money. C. He wants to save the money. D. He doesn’t like waiting in line for his pay. 7. A. He wants to go to sleep. B. Doctors always tell him lies. C. He doesn’t believe in medicine. D. He needs a rest without being bothered. 8. A. He eats too much. B. He kills chickens. C. He only eats chickens. D. He married a greedy person. 9. A. Buying trees. B. Who owns the tree. C. Their family trees. D. How old the tree is. 10. A. A stranger. B. A ticket seller. C. A train attendant. D. Another passenger. Section B Directions: In this section of the test you will hear three brief talks. You will hear them only once. After each one you will hear some questions. You will hear each question only once. After you hear the question, you will have 15 seconds to choose the best answer from the four choices given. Mark your answer on the Answer Sheet by blackening the corresponding letter with a pencil.
北京大学考博英语历年试题综合分析 导言：考博英语真题的重要性 全国各大院校在制定本校英语专业考试大纲时，对英语的考核基本上不指定参考书，考生在备考时往往感到漫无目的，无所适从，所以对各大院校的考博英语历年真 题分析则显得尤为重要。华慧考博英语教研中心在历时8年的教学研究的过程中，总 结国内50多所重点院校的考博英语试题的出题特点与规律，认为考生精研各院校的历年试题对考出良好的成绩有非常大的帮助。 考博英语试题的独特性 众所周知，英语类的考试，如高考、大学英语四六级、专业四八级考试、研究生 入学考试等均由统一的命题组人员统一命制试题，命题组阵容强大，且耗费的人力、物力也不在少数，其题目基本是原创题目。而考博英语却并非这样，因此，考博英 语有其自身的独特性，考博英语的独特性主要表现在其命题方式与题目来源两方面。 首先，从命题方式来看，博士考试中，要求考生达到英语的最低分数线，这一要 求就注定了各大考博院校的英语试题的命题方式，各大考博院校不会花费大量的人力、物力及时间原创一套考博英语试题。并且各大院校为了保证其试题的准确性，一般会 选择已经考过的各类相关难度的试题，这样就可以避免出现大量的因个人学术水平方 面而引起的错误和争议。 其次，从题目来源看，各大院校的考博英语试题基本来自专四、专八、六级、杂 志文章或其它考博院校的原题，极少出现原创题目。因其题目来源的独特性，我们研 究各大院校的考博英语试题就显得非常有必要且益处极大。如果考生在考前了解了这 一情况，且充分重视这个规律，那么获得考博英语高分不是什么难事。所以考生考前 精研考博英语真题是非常有必要的。
考博英语试题的作用 考博英语试题的作用主要有三个，即指导、规划与调控作用。 指导作用。通过研读历年的考博英语试题，考生可以了解该院校的题目类型、题目来源、 题目难度等，指导考生在较短的时间内找到正确的复习方法，获得自己满意的成绩。 规划作用。考生在宏观把握所报考院校的英语试题的出题规律后，结合自身的英语情况，对自己的英语备考做出一个正确且切合实际的复习规划。 调控作用。通过研读历年的考博英语试题，以所报考院校的英语真题为标杆，随时监控与调节自己的复习计划，使自己的复习计划在最短的时间内获得满意的成绩。 由此可知，研究真题对于考生在较短时间内提升成绩是有很大帮助的。因此，华慧考博英语研究中心对北京大学历年的考博真题进行了细致且深入的研究，将北京大学考博英语的出题特点、题目类型等进行了详细论述，对下一年度的考博英语命题趋势进行了预测，并提出了针对北京大学考博英语的备考方法，让考生的复习备考更加具有针对性，让考生少走弯路，快速提高考试成绩。 以下是华慧考博英语研究中心对北京大学考博英语历年试题详细分析。 一、北京大学考博英语试题的考核要求 北京大学博士研究生非英语专业入学考试是学校为招收博士研究生而设置的选拔性考试。教育部颁布的《硕士、博士研究生英语教学大纲》规定：“博士生入学其英语水平原则上应达到或略高于硕士生的水平”。根据这一规定，并结合历年招收博士研究生的具体情况，我校博士生入学英语考试既考查考生的语言知识，又注重测试考生的语言应用能力。
2011年浙江大学考博英语真题听力原文，仅供参考 第一篇 Among my experiences as a college president is the all‐too‐frequent phone call in the night that begins: "One of your students is in the emergency room with alcohol poisoning." The whole country got a similar wake‐up call in Ju ne when it was reported that alcohol abuse on college campuses is on the rise, especially for women, and that college students drink far more than nonstudents. One statistic showed that college students spend more money on alcohol while in college than on books. Alcohol abuse, although tragic, is but one symptom of a larger campus crisis. A generation has come to college quite fragile, not very secure about who it is, fearful of its lack of identity and without confidence in its future. Many students are ashamed of themselves and afraid of relationships. Students use alcohol as an escape. It's used as an excuse for bad behavior: the insanity defense writ large on campus. This diminished sense of self has caused a growth in racism, sexism, attempted suicide, theft, property‐damage and cheating on most campuses. This is not the stuff of most presidents' public conversations. Nor can it be explained away as an "underclass" problem; it is found on our most privileged campuses. It is happening because the generation now entering college has experienced few authentic connections with adults in its lifetime. I call this the "Culture of Neglect," and we — parents, teachers, professors and administrators — are the primary architects. It begins at home, where social and economic factors — such as declining incomes requiring longer work hours — result in less family time. Young people have been allowed to or must take part‐time jobs rather than spending time in school, on homework or with their families. More children and youths are being reared in a vacuum, with television as their only supervisor, and there is little expectation that they learn personal responsibility. Immersed in themselves, they are left to their peers. 31. The main idea of the first paragraph is that ( ) . ×正确答案为C [A] it is easy to be a college president [B] a college president has to sit up till midnight [C] alcohol abuse is quite common on campus [D] it is harmful for college students to drink alcohol 32. According to the author, college students turn to alcohol as a(n) ( ). ×正确答案为C [A] inspiration [B] stimulation [C] escape [D] relaxation 33. The word "architects" in Para. 2 can be best replaced by ( ). ×正确答案为D [A] artists [B] experts [C] discoverers [D] designers 34. How do parents react to the "Culture of Neglect"?( ) ×正确答案为B [A] Parents have lowered their expectations on children. [B] Parents take little care of the growth of their children. [C] Parents spend too much time watching television.