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翻译成功之路汉英

翻译成功之路汉英
翻译成功之路汉英

?翻译成功之路

?汉英翻译常见错误分析

?汉英翻译错误分析

?大自然对人的恩赐, 无论贫富, 一律平等。所以人们对于大自然,全部一致并深深地依赖着。尤其在乡间, 上

千年来人们一直以不变的方式生活着。种植庄稼和葡萄, 酿酒和饮酒, 喂牛和挤奶, 锄草和栽花; 在周末去教堂祈祷和做礼拜, 在节日到广场拉琴、跳舞和唱歌。往日的田园依旧是今日的温馨家园。这样, 每个地方都有自己的传说, 风俗也就衍传了下来。

?常见错误一:词汇错误

? 1.词的理解偏差

? 2.词的上下搭配

?词汇错误1 :词义理解偏差

?(大自然的)恩赐: presents

?人,人们: human beings,men

?种植(庄稼和葡萄):plant crops and grapes

?栽(花): plant flowers

?锄草:get rid of grass

?温馨家园: warm houses,warm residences,warm family

?词汇错误2:词的上下搭配错误

?喂牛和挤奶:

?牛:cattle(牛,总称);bull(公牛);cow(母牛);calf(牛犊);ox(牛,统称;或公牛);bullock(阉牛);

buffalo(水牛)

?错译:feed bulls and milk cow(喂公牛和挤母牛的奶);feed oxen and milk them;feed bulls for milk

?词汇错误2:词的上下搭配错误

?喂牛和挤奶:

?改译:使用及物动词,feed cattle and milk cows, feed cows and milk them, feed and milk cows, feed cows for

milk;使用不及物动词,feed cattle and milk, feed cows and milk

?词汇错误2:词的上下搭配错误

?酿酒和饮酒:

?酒:alcohol, wine, liquor, spirits, beer, whisky

?错译:brew wine and drink alcohol, brew spirits and drink wine, brew wine and drink beer

?词汇错误2:词的上下搭配错误

?酿酒和饮酒:

?改译:使用使用及物动词,brew and drink wine;使用不及物动词,brew and drink

?词汇错误2:词的上下搭配错误

?一致并深深地依赖: depend deeply and unanimously,depend deeply and identically

?种植(庄稼和葡萄): raise crops and grapes

?栽(花): raise flowers

?锄草: get rid of grass

?温馨家园: warm family

?常见错误二:词语顺序

?无论贫富: poor and rich,whether we are poor or not

?跳舞和唱歌:dance and sing

?常见错误三:语篇错误

? 1.逐字翻译,画蛇添足

? 2.重复不当,不合习惯

? 3.断句不当,割裂语篇

?语篇错误1:逐字翻译,画蛇添足

?例1、在周末去教堂祈祷和做礼拜,在节日到广场拉琴、跳舞和唱歌。

?原译:On weekends they go to church to pray and do religious services; in holiday they go to the square to play

musical instruments, dance and sing.

?语篇错误1:逐字翻译,画蛇添足

?例1、在周末去教堂祈祷和做礼拜,在节日到广场拉琴、跳舞和唱歌。

?改译:On weekends they go to church,and on holidays they enjoy playing music while singing and dancing in

open squares

?语篇错误1:逐字翻译,画蛇添足

?例2、往日的田园依旧是今日的温馨家园。

?原译: Those fields in the past/ of yesterday are still cozy homelands at present/ nowadays/ of today.

?改译::Thus their olden homelands remain as sweet as ever…

?语篇错误2:重复不当,不合习惯

?例3、所以人们对于大自然,全部一致并深深地依赖着。尤其在乡间, 上千年来人们一直以不变的方式生活

着。

?原译:S o people all deeply depend on nature. Especially in the countryside, people keep the unchangeable way

of lives for thousands of years.

?语篇错误2:重复不当,不合习惯

?例3、所以人们对于大自然,全部一致并深深地依赖着。尤其在乡间, 上千年来人们一直以不变的方式生活

着。

?改译:That accounts for their deep-rooted attachment to her, especially in the country where their ways of life

have been kept intact for thousands of years.

?语篇错误3:断句不当,割裂语篇

?例3、大自然对人的恩赐, 无论贫富, 一律平等。

?原译一:Nature always distributes its resources to human beings. And every man gets equally from it.

?原译二: The gifts bestowed by nature are equally distributed among mankind. No matter one is rich or poor, he

receives the same from nature.

?语篇错误3:断句不当,割裂语篇

?例3、大自然对人的恩赐, 无论贫富, 一律平等。

?改译: All people are blessed by nature,rich and poor alike.

?语篇错误3:断句不当,割裂语篇

?例9、尤其是在乡间,上千年来人们一直以不变的方式生活着。

?原译一:Especially in the countryside, people's living patterns haven't changed for a thousand years, and people

there still live in the same life style.

?原译二:This was especially true in the country. There people have been living in an unchanged way for a

thousand years

?语篇错误3:断句不当,割裂语篇

?例9、尤其是在乡间,上千年来人们一直以不变的方式生活着。

?改译:That accounts for their deep-rooted attachment to her, especially in the country where their ways of life

have been kept intact for thousands of years.

?精彩译文

?All people are blessed by nature, rich and poor alike. That accounts for their deep rooted attachment to her,

especially in the country where their ways of life have been kept intact for thousands of years. They grow crops and grapes, brew the wine that they drink, raise cows for milk,and weed their gardens for the cultivation of flowers. On weekends they go to church,and on holidays they enjoy playing music while singing and dancing in open squares. Thus their olden homelands remain as sweet as ever, each with a unique folklore from which its customs have derived.

?翻译成功之路

?汉英翻译三步策略

?汉英翻译三步策略

?什么是句子?

? A sentence is a group of words which, when they are written down, begin with a capital letter and end with a

full stop, question mark or exclamation mark. Most sentences contain a subject and a verb.

?一个句子就是一组词,在书面语中,每一个句子首词的第一个字母大写,句末用句号、问号或者感叹号;

大多数句子有主语和谓语。

?结论1

?英语的句子中,大多数句子都有主语和谓语。那么汉英翻译,只要我们能把汉语转变成为准确通顺的英语,

就需要搭建英语的主语和谓语等句式结构。

?除了主语和谓语之外,当然还有修饰语。

?所以,定主语、找谓语、加修饰就成了汉英翻译的最简单,最有效,最不容易犯错误的方法。

?汉英翻译三步策略

? 1.定主语

? 2.找谓语

? 3.加修饰

?汉英翻译三步策略

?你知道我们图书馆所订购书籍的数量吗?

?定主语:你you

?找谓语:知道数量吗?know the number?

?加修饰:知道书籍的数量,知道图书馆所订购书籍的数量

?Do you know the number of the books ordered by our library?

?翻译成功之路

?定主语

?定主语

?英语本身语法非常严谨,逻辑非常严密的特点,所以,在汉英翻译中,主语的确定就是成功构建英语句式

结构的关键,也是保证英语译文和汉语原文功能对等的关键。

?定主语:1.确定原文的主语为译文主语

?当前,国际形势正经历着自冷战结束以后最复杂、最深刻的变化。

?At present, the international situation is experiencing the most complicated and profound changes since the

end of Cold War.

?定主语:1.确定原文的主语为译文主语

?和平与发展仍然是摆在世界各国人民面前的两大课题。

?Peace and development are still the two subjects confronted with people all over the world.

?定主语:1.确定原文的主语为译文主语

?我们正努力教育公民不要像西方国家那样过度消费,比如使用过多的空调、私人汽车、以及随意处理的产

品。

?We are managing to educate citizens to avoid the behavior of over-consumption, such as the excessive use of

air conditioners, private cars and disposable products at will.

?定主语:1.确定原文的主语为译文主语

?如今我们有许多不同的选择:除传统的家常菜以外,还有营养保健配餐和方便可口的快餐食品。

?Nowadays we have many varieties of choices: nutrition-balanced and healthy food, convenient and delicious

fast food in addition to traditional homemade meal.

?定主语:1.确定原文的主语为译文主语

?若原文主语为动词,需要变为动名词或者不定式

?帮助真正的穷人,要比仅仅缩小贫富差距更有价值。帮助下层社会的人重新回到社会主流中来,符合所有

人的利益。

?Helping the truly poor is much worthier than merely narrowing inequalities. And helping the lower class rejoin

mainstream of society is in the interests of all.

?定主语:1.确定原文的主语为译文主语

?若原文主语为动词,需要变为动名词或者不定式

?推进现代化建设、完成祖国统一、维护世界和平与促进共同发展,是中国人民在新世纪的三大历史任务。

?To continue to propel the modernization drive, to achieve reunification of the motherland, and to safeguard

world peace and promote common development are the three historical tasks of the Chinese people in the new century.

?定主语:2.重新确定主语

? A.确定原文的宾语为译文的主语

?伟大艺术的美学鉴赏和伟大的科学观念的理解都需要智慧。

?Wisdom is required both in appreciating great artistic works and in understanding great scientific concepts.

?定主语:2.重新确定主语

?Passage 1,1)(社科院02年)

?为了保证国民经济持续、快速、健康地发展,我们必须加快国有企业的改革步伐。

?The speed of reform of state-owned enterprises must be accelerated (stepped up) to ensure sustained, rapid

and sound development of the national economy.

?定主语:2.重新确定主语

?Passage 1,3)(社科院02年)

?目前在中国正进行着一场意义深远的社会和经济改革。(同上)

?At present, a sweeping and profound social and economic reform is being carried out in China.

?定主语:2.重新确定主语

?并非全部都要用被动态,要根据英语习惯来决定。

?中国的饮食方式正在发生许多变化。

?Many changes are taking place in China's diet style.

?定主语:2.重新确定主语

? B.增加主语——增加泛指的主语:we, one, you

?然而,要想了解一个人的禀赋资质和实际能力如何,考试是考不出名堂来的。

?But they are of vain if you want to know about the gift, intelligence or practical abilities of a person.

?定主语:2.重新确定主语

? B.增加主语——增加泛指的主语:we, one, you

?凡事应该适度,适度是最安全的。(天津大学01年)

?One should be moderate in all things, and moderation is always the safest way.

?定主语:2.重新确定主语

? C.增加主语——增加it:在英语中,代词it作主语的情况非常多。因为这个代词表示的意义非常丰富,它可

以表示汉语中的气候、天气、时间等无主句,如“下雨了(It is raining),三点了(It’s 3 o’clock now)等,当然,它还可以充当强调句和形式主语句型的主语。

?定主语:2.重新确定主语

? C.增加主语——增加it

?自从理查德·尼克松(Richard Nixon)同癌症宣战以来已经有30年了。

?It is already three decades since Richard Nixon declared war on cancer.

?定主语:2.重新确定主语

? C.增加主语——增加it

?大学的研究所才是初步研究学问的所在。

?It is graduate school in a university that is the place to do research work at a basic level.

?定主语:2.重新确定主语

? C.增加主语——增加it

?Passage 10,

?知道这个答案是有用的……如果你想到英语国家去念大学,或者你想找一份需要英语技能的工作的话,通过

语言考试那就至关重要了。

?It’s useful to know the answer… it is vital if you want to be enrolled in a college or university in an

English-speaking country, or if you want to find a job which requires English language skills.

?定主语:2.重新确定主语

? D.增加主语——增加there be

?还将有一些生活极端贫困的人们,他们还需要政府的资助。

?There will still be some people living in extreme poverty, who are still in need of the government's financial

support.

?结论2

?总而言之,要做好汉英翻译,第一步,也是最重要的一步,是要确定汉语原文中用哪一个词来做主语,进

而就可以顺利确定英语的句型结构。当然,随着主语的确定,我们的汉语句子分析能力,肯定能够让我们顺利地找到一个相匹配的谓语。

?翻译成功之路

?找谓语

?找谓语

?一般来说,在汉英翻译的过程中,随着主语的确定,凭我们作为汉语母语的使用者,几乎总能在汉语原文

中,找出一个对应的谓语来。但是,和汉语原文主语对应的谓语,不一定能充当英语译文的谓语。在弄明白怎么选择汉语原文中的一个合适的谓语去充当译文的谓语之前,我们有必要对汉语的谓语和英语的谓语做一个简单的对比。

?找谓语方法——汉英语法分析法

? 1.汉语的动词没有人称、数、时态和语态

? 2.汉语是明显的“动作性语言”,多数句子都有明显的谓语动词

? 3.汉语中名词、形容词、数词、主谓短语和介词短语可以充当谓语,有“是字句”

? 4.汉语中有连动式

? 5.汉语有兼语式

? 6.汉语少用“被字句”,常有“把、受、让、给、由、受到、得到、加以、得以、为…所、由…来、是…的”

等句式

?7.汉语有存现句

? 1.英语有,所以汉英翻译时,一定要关注主谓一致原则,多注意英语句子的语法结构

? 2.英语中只有动词才能做谓语

? 3.英语有系表结构

? 4.英语中一个句子只有一个主要动词,其他动词可以用and并列,或者用“非谓语动词”连接,或者用介

词短语代替动作

? 5.英语中有谓语+宾语+补足语

? 6.英语多用被动态

?7.英语有there be句型

?1.要注意时态、人称和数的变化

?过去的五十年并不是发明创新的黄金时期。

?The past fifty years was not really a golden age for inventions and creations.

?1.要注意时态、人称和数的变化

?实行改革开放以来,改变了过去封闭半封闭状态,提高了我国经济水平。

?Since China started to implement the policy of reform and opening up to the outside, its total or semi-closure has

been changed and the level of its economy and technology has been raised.

? 2.直接找动词

?汉语多数句子都有动词,而动词谓语是句子的核心。谓语动词的“前”有句子的主语,“后”则可能有宾语,

所以选择谓语的原则是

?——“瞻前顾后”

? 2.找动词,瞻前顾后

?迄今为止,教育工作还没有找到比考试更有效、更可靠的方法。

?So far, there has been no way which is more effective and reliable than exams in education.

? 2.找动词,瞻前顾后

?中国加入世贸组织以后,外商参与中国投资活动的机会将越来越多,自身发展的空间也越来越大。

?After China’s entry into WTO, more opportunities will be created for the participation of foreign entrepreneurs in

the investments in China and larger space for their own development.

? 3.用系表结构

?对汉语中名词、数量词、形容词等可以作谓语的情况,一般可以用英语的“系表结构”来翻译。

? 3.用系表结构

?投资规模偏大。

?The investment scale is too large.

? 3.用系表结构

?很多道路太窄。

?Many of the roads are too narrow.

? 4.多用被动态

?此外,对于那些刚刚脱贫的人们,他们目前的生活状况必须改善。

?Furthermore, the present living conditions must be improved for those who have just freed themselves from

poverty.

? 4.多用被动态

?“学习”也许意味着对一系列细小而不相关的行为按新的顺序重新排列。

?Learning may mean that a number of small independent acts are arranged in a new order.

? 4.多用被动态

?美国的经济体制主要是围绕着私人企业和以市场为导向而建立起来的。

?The economic system of U.S.A. is mainly set up centering on the private enterprises and market orientation.

? 4.多用被动态

?他们的生产和生活状况没有从根本上被改变。

?Their production and living conditions have not been changed fundamentally.

? 5.连动式——选择主要动词与次要动词

?对汉语的“连动式”特殊句型,可以选择一个主要动词作为英语译文的动词谓语,其他次要动词用英语的

“非谓语动词”形式,介词词组的形式,或者用“and”来连接几个动词。

?我们作为中国人,在理解汉语的时候,几个连续动作中,要找出一个主要动词来并不困难。我们可以根据

几个动作发生的先后来选择主要谓语动词,也可以根据几个动作之间的关系来选择主要动词。对于次要动词,一般有以下几种处理方式:

? a.用分词和不定式等非谓语动词来翻译次要动词

?我们花很少的钱就能够买到一份日报。

?We spend very little money to buy a piece of daily.

? a.用分词和不定式等非谓语动词来翻译次要动词

?市政府于去年底启动了一项“净空”工程,关闭了大气污染严重的企业。(首都经贸大学

?The municipal government started an air-decontamination project at the end of last year, closing the enterprises

that cause heavy pollutions.

? b.用英语的介词短语可以表达汉语中的动词概念

?我将乘飞机离开北京。

?I will leave Beijing by plane.

?翻译成功之路

?加修饰

?加修饰

?修饰语的作用:让句子更加丰满,有血有肉;逻辑更加明确,有条有理。

?用得最多的两种修饰语——定语和状语

?定语和状语的种类,单个单词、短语和从句

?加修饰的方法

? 1.单词

? 2.短语

? 3.从句

?加修饰的方法——1. 单词

? 1. 单词作定语一般在中心词前;作状语则位置比较灵活,可以在句子开头、动词前、或者句子末尾。

?一个春天的傍晚…父母在园中设宴。

?On a spring evening, my parents gave a banquet in the garden.

?加修饰的方法——2. 短语

? 2.短语的种类一般有:介词短语、分词短语和不定式短语,这三者作定语,位置总是在名词后;作状语的位

置则可以灵活安排,但是

?介词短语一般表时间和地点,分词短语一般表伴随和原因,不定式短语一般表目的。

?加修饰的方法——2. 短语

? 2.短语的种类一般有:介词短语、分词短语和不定式短语,这三者作定语,位置总是在名词后;作状语的位

置则可以灵活安排,但是

?定语:中国的发展(中国是名词),解决问题的方法(解决问题是动宾),所以介词短语做定语最适用于名

词修饰名词;不定式短语最适用于动词修饰名词。

?加修饰的方法——3. 从句

? 3.从句的作用很大,能让句子变得复杂,能体现译员对长句和难句的把握能力,可以适当多用,尤其是在句

与句之间的衔接上

2016年6月四级段落翻译(汉译英)

2016年6月大学英语四级段落翻译预测 大学英语四级段落翻译预测一 别在意外表,因为外表的东西往往不真实,也别在意财富,因为再多的财富也会有用完的一天。找一个能让你绽放笑容的人,因为一个笑容就能让灰暗的一天变得明亮。去做你想做的梦,去你想去的地方,成为你想成为的人,因为人生短暂,机会错过了可能就不会再有。只有不断的尝试才能让你变得强大,永远怀抱希望你才会开心,幸福。 Don’t go for looks which often deceive you. Don’t go for wealth which would be used up however amazing it is. Go for someone who will make you smile because a smile is enough to render a dark day bright. Dream what you want to dream; go where you want to go; become the one you want to be, because one’s life is short and once you let the chance slip through your fingers it may not come to you again. Only when you keep trying can you become strong; only when you cherish hopes can you remain cheerful and happy. 大学英语四级段落翻译预测二 七夕节——中国人的情人节 中国人也有一天是奉献给爱情的。这就是农历七月初七的七夕节,常被人成为中国的情人节。这一传统浪漫节日源自一个古老的传说:年轻的牛郎和织女分居银河的两岸,终年隔岸苦苦相望而无法相会。玉皇大帝可怜这对恋人,传令天下喜鹊在七月初七这天夜晚全部飞到银河上来。架起鹊桥,好让牛郎、织女在桥上相会。 “Qi Xi Jie” ----Chinese Valentine’s Day The Chinese also have a day devoted to “love” that is “Qi Xi Jie”, or the seventh of the seventh month on the Chinese lunar calendar. Often called “Chinese Valentine’s Day”. This romantic traditional festival originated from a old legend: Niu Lang and Zhi Nv were fairies living on opposite sides of the Milky Way. They have been waiting for each other for a year but can not meet. Feeling sorry for the two lonely sprites, the Jade Emperor ordered all magpies must flock over the Milky Way to form a bridge so that the couple could meet there on the seventh night of the seventh month. 大学英语四级段落翻译预测三

汉英翻译技巧

How to Translate from Chinese to English 汉译英翻译技巧 课程教案 Foreign Language Teaching and Research Department Heilongjiang University Foreign Language Teaching and Research Department

Chapter One I.Teaching Objectives On completion of this chapter, students should be able to: 1.be well acquainted with the basic method and techniques needed for translating from Chinese to English 2.be well informed with the basic rules concerning translating from Chinese to English. II.The Points to Be Highlighted 1.verb without subject changed into verb with subject. 2.paralleled sentence without connections changed into complex sentence with connections. 3.implied cohesion changed into clear cohesion.back conclusion changed into front conclusion. III.T eaching Procedures and Contents 1.Greetings Talking about the Weather 2.Warm-up 1) 天气不错,是吧? 2) 今天天气看上去不错。 3) 看来天气要放晴。 4) 雪开始下小了。 5) 现在已经开始掉小雨点了。 1) Lovely day, isn’t it? 2) It looks to be a promising day. 3) It seems to be clearing up. 4)The snow is beginning to let up. 5) I can feel some small drops of rain now. 3.Body 翻译的方法 “词词对应,句句对应”是把直译绝对化,事实上很难办到,勉强这样做时往往弄得文字别扭,意思歪曲。另一方面,意译如果离原意太远就不能称之为翻译,是不受欢迎的。“语言是翻译之敌”。在翻译的具体过程中,语言时时都在束缚着译者,不少译者眼中只盯着原文的词,句和结构这些属于语言层次的东西,成了它们的奴仆,难以从中解放出来。结果,翻译出来的东西只是一种文字层次的转换,徒具形式,而原文的意义和精神却没有得到很好的传达。翻译的方法应该是:译者在读第二遍原文时,不是逐词逐句分析,而是对全段意思作深层次的掌握,以便从整体上进行翻译,像口译那样把原意尽量传达出来;具体翻译时虽然也适当考虑原文结构,形势却可于原文大不一样。然后再对照原文复核,使之更加切合原意。 规律 汉语是意合式语言而英语是形合式语言,从汉语译成英语便是从意合改为形合。所谓规律也就是指进行这种转变时通常会遇到的问题及处理方法。 Foreign Language Teaching and Research Department

段落翻译练习-汉译英答案

汉译英: 1徐霞客一生周游考察了十六个省,足迹几乎遍及全 国。他在考察的过程中,从来不盲目迷信书 本上的结论。他发现前人研究地理的记载有许多很不可靠的地方。为了进行真实细致的考察,他很少乘车坐船,几乎全 靠双脚翻山越岭,长途跋涉;为了弄清大自然的真相,他总是挑选道路艰险的山区,人迹稀少的森林进行考察,发现了许多 奇山秀景;他常常选择不同的时间和季节,多次重游各地名 山,反复观察变换的奇景。 Xu Xiake toured and investigated 16 provinces in his lifetime, covering almost the whole of China/ the whole country. When he was carrying out his investigations, he never took blind belief in the conclusions in the books. Instead he found a lot of unreliable points in the geographic records taken by his predecessors. In order to make his investigations reliable and thorough, he seldom traveled by carriage or boat. Instead, he took long, arduous trips on foot almost all the time, climbing mountains and hills. In order to learn about the truth of nature, he always chose to conduct investigations in mountainous areas with dangerous roads and in lonely / untraveled woods, where he discovered a lot of magnificent peaks and beautiful sights. ( During his life time, Xu Xiake visited and explored 16 provinces, leaving his footprints in nearly every corner of the country. He never blindly accepted the conclusions given in books in his exploration. He found that many of the geographical records by other people before him were inaccurate ( He found many inaccuracies in the travel notes on geography written by his predecessors ) . He seldom traveled by horse cart or boat but climbed mountains and ridges and took long, difficult journeys most of the time

中国文化汉英翻译材料(1)

Exercise I. Translate the following sentences into English. 1.如今,作为东方艺术的一颗璀璨的明珠,京剧不仅在中国各地喜闻乐见,而且已被全世界人民广泛接受。 2.根据所表演角色的性别、年龄和社会地位的不同,演员角色分成四类:生(男角)、旦(女角)、净(花脸男角)、丑 (丑角)。 3.京剧的独特艺术魅力使它经久不衰:它创造了一种台上台下演员观众相互交融的美学欣赏与享受。 4.他曾成功地塑造了许多古代中国妇女的形象,完美地表现了她们的温柔、优雅和细腻。 5.梅兰芳也是把京剧介绍到国外的第一人。 6.作为中国的文化瑰宝,京剧必将获得全中国和全世界人民越来越多的喜爱。 Key to Exercise I. 1.Today, as one of the glowing pearls of oriental arts, not only has Beijing Opera been widely enjoyed all over China, it has also been well received all over the world. 2.According to the gender, age and social position of the different roles which they play, actors and actresses are divided into four categories: sheng (male roles), dan (female roles), jing (male roles with facial paintings) and chou (clowns). 3.The uniqueness of Beijing Opera makes its artistic charm so everlasting: the creation of an aesthetic co-appreciation between the actors and actresses on stage and the audience off stage. 4.Mei Lanfang had created very successfully various images of ancient Chinese women and expressed their tenderness, elegance and subtlety. 5.Mei Lanfang was also the first person who introduced Beijing Opera to foreign countries. 6.Being a great treasure of the Chinese culture, Beijing Opera will surely be more and more appreciated by people in China and in the whole world. Exercise II. Make a web advertisement in English, based on the information given in Chinese. 著名的京剧武生徐力先生最近接受了我们舞蹈学校的邀请,担任高级舞蹈教员。武生是京剧中的一个重要生角。武生的特点是武艺好,身手矫健敏捷。武生演员常通过在舞台上翻滚武打(tumbles, tweists, and somersaults)来表现他们高超的武艺。武生的动作准确有力,是大量艰苦训练的结果。 中国古典舞蹈和民族舞蹈的舞台技巧和身段(floor skills and postures)大多来自中国传统戏曲的武功(acrobatic skills)。我们舞蹈学校非常荣幸能够请到徐先生教授女子班毯子功(floor skills)和男子班的功夫课。有关课程安排请点击此网址。 Key to Ex. II Make a web advertisement in English, based on the information given in Chinese. A Rare Opportunity The famous Beijing Opera performer of Wu Sheng (acrobatic male role), Mr Xu Li, recently accepted an engagement with our Dancing School. Wu Sheng is a very important role in Beijing Opera. It requires a high level of acrobatic skills. Wu Sheng actors often show off their skills with tumbles, twists, and somersaults on the stage. These skills and movements require great precision in timing and strength, which takes a lot of training and exercise. Many of the floor skills and postures of classic and ethnic Chinese dances were originally from the acrobatic skills of traditional Chinese operas. Our dancing school is very fortunate to have Mr Xu Li to teach our Floor Skills class for girls and Kungfu class for boys. For class schedule, please click HERE. Exercise III. Translate the following sentences into English. 1.齐白石以革新水墨画和毕生献身于这项中国的传统艺术形式而闻名于世。 2.他在几天后把那幅画重画了很多次,但是总比不上他当天即兴完成的作品。 3.兰亭序的极高的艺术价值促使更多书法家临摹王羲之的字体。 4.一个好的书法家所写出来的字必须充满生气,活力并具备完美的形体。 5.书法是一门艺术,它需要清醒的头脑以及对毛笔有全面的掌握。 6.这个年轻演员认识到自己的演技还差,无法与他老师的演技相提并论。 Key Exercise III.

英汉汉英翻译学习 译后感

至今为止,已经学了一个学期的翻译基础。虽说未涉及汉译英的学习,但从过去这一学期对英译汉理论与实践的学习,我深知翻译并非一件容易的事。对我来说,学好翻译这门课程并将其运用到实践中去,任重而道远。 在未上翻译课之前,每每听人提及翻译,以为就只是单纯的两种语言的转换;谁知经过一个学期的翻译课学习,才知道自己竟是大错特错了。当代英国翻译理论家纽马克的翻译理论及其语言六大功能(表达功能、信息功能、祈使功能、人际功能、审美功能、元语言功能),我国翻译家严复的“信、达、雅”三大翻译标准等,让我更进一步了解什么是翻译。 对于我们初学者来说,在进行翻译活动时,除了要遵循翻译的两大原则(忠实、通顺)外,还要注意直译与意译、异化与归化等翻译技巧的运用。否则,翻译时,容易出现“翻译腔”。如;And so you shall be my darling----when l tell you! 译文一:当我告诉你的时候——我的宝贝,你会知道的。译文二:那你等着吧——等到我告诉了你,你就懂得了!这两种翻译中,第一种机械地模仿原文,不知变通,是典型的“翻译腔”。而第二种摆脱了原文的结构束缚,用符合目的语的语言表达形式再现了原文的意义和精神。 此外,对一些翻译技巧(如:词类转换法、重复法、正反反正翻译法、抽象与具体转换法、抽词拆译法、增词语省略法、物称人称转化法、形合意合转换法、视点转换法等)的学习及反复练习,也让我在学习的同时发现并总结出一些翻译时常出现的问题。如:的、地、得的正确使用(美丽的太阳花、吃力地行走、高兴得手舞足蹈);量词的正确使用(一只小熊、一头大熊、一个熊妈妈);标点符号的正确使用(注意句子的停顿);“so·····that”不能译成“如此·····以至于”可译成“那样·····因此or所以”;“when·····”不能译成“当······时”;人的mate译成“伙伴”,动物的mate译成“配偶”,而人的“配偶”是spouse;“go down the wind”译成顺着风走,“go up the wind”译成逆着风走;定语从句的译法:分片——逐个译出——理解大意——调整语序。 另外,长句的翻译也是一大难点。像顺序法、分译法、逆序法、综合法等长句翻译方法都可用于翻译中,才能译出更好的译文。 与汉语习惯不同,在英语中,为了避免重复,通常用同义词、近义词代替前文出现过的词。同时,英语中通常用大量的连词,是句子更紧凑,而汉语恰恰相反。因此,在英译汉时,要尽量避免将关联词“和、所以、因此、而且····”翻译出来。 我深知自己基础比较薄弱,因而在学习时也比较吃力,但我不会因此而自暴自弃,相反,我会加倍努力,尽自己最大的努力学好翻译这门课程。

汉英翻译技巧

汉英翻译技巧 第一节汉语无主语句的英译处理 一、祈使句对应为祈使句 e.g. 小心轻放。Handle with care. 量体裁衣,看菜吃饭。Fit the dress to the figure and fit the appetite to the dishes. 宁为鸡首,不为牛后。Better be the head of an ass than the tail of a horse. 二、采用英语的被动结构译出 采用英语被动结构翻译的汉语无主语句一般的情况:一是某些表示事物存在的无主语句;二是有些句子突出宾语部分,在翻译时可以不用补出主

语而用原句中的宾语来充当主语。e.g. 这儿将修建更多的居民大楼。More apartments will be built here. 利用发电机,可以将机械能转变为电能。 The mechanical energy can be changed back into electrical energy by a generator. 在合同中,详细地规定了双方必须履行的各种条件。 In the contract, all kinds of conditions which both sides should follow were laid down in detail. 没有爱心,就无法了解人生。 Life cannot be understood without much charity. 三、采用倒装语序

e. g. 地下埋藏着大量的金银。Hidden underground is a wealth of gold and silver. 随着一声吼叫,忽的从树林里窜出一只老虎来。 Following the roar, out rushed a tiger from among the bushes. 山里住着个老和尚。 In the mountain lived on an old monk. 四、采用THERE BE 结构 例句:没有顺利,无所谓困难;没有困难,也无所谓顺利。 Without facility, there would be no difficulty; without difficulty, there would also be no facility. 剩下的时间不多了。

汉英翻译教程

汉英翻译教程

第一章 汉英语言对比 相关参考: 翻译教学和研究的经验表明:翻译理论和技巧必须建立在不同语言和文化的对比分析基础上。英汉互译的几项基本原则和技巧,如选词(Diction)、转换(Conversion)、增补(Amplification)、省略(Omission)、重复(Repetition)、替代(Substitution)、变换(Variation)、倒臵(Inversion)、拆离(Division)、缀合(Combination)、阐释(Annotation)、浓缩(Condensation)、重组(Reconstruction),以及时态、语态、语气、习语、术语等的译法,都集中地体现了英汉的不同特点。机器翻译是让计算机按照人们所制定的程序和指令进行不同语言的对比转换,也离不开对比分析。翻译之所以困难,归根结底是因为语言差异和文化差异。因此,对比、分析和归纳这些差异,便是翻译学的重要任务。 不同语言的对比分析不仅有利于教学和翻译,也有助于语言交际。通过对比分析,人们可以进一步认识外语和母语的特性,在进行交际时,能够有意识地注意不同语言各自的表现方法,以顺应这些差异,防止表达错误,避免运用失当,从而达到交际的目的。 ——连淑能,《英汉对比研究》 纪德是最理解莎士比亚的法国作家之一。在他看来,“没有任何作家比莎士比亚更值得翻译”,但同时,“也没有任何作家比他更难翻译,译文更容易走样”。纪德对莎士比亚的理解是双重的,既是精神的,也是语言的。他在与莎士比亚的相遇与相识中,经历了一系列的考验。对他在翻译中经历的这番历史奇遇,他曾在为七星文库出版的《莎士比亚戏剧集》撰写的前言中作了详尽的描述:描述了两种文化与两种语言之间的遭遇,也揭示了翻译中译者所面临的种种障碍。 纪德首先看到的,是语言与文化层面的逻辑性,这涉及到不同语言的思维方法。他说:“莎士比亚很少考虑逻辑性,而我们拉丁文化缺了逻辑性就踉踉跄跄。莎士比亚笔下的形象相互重现,相互推倒。面对如此丰富的形象,我们可怜的译者目瞪口呆。他不愿意对这种绚丽多彩有丝毫遗漏,因此不得不将英文原本中用仅仅一个词表示的暗喻译成一个句子。原来像蛇一样紧紧盘成一团的诗意,如今成了松开的弹簧。翻译成了解释。逻辑倒是很满意,但魅力不再起作用。莎士比亚的诗句飞跃而过的空间,迟缓的熊虫一瘸一拐才能走完。”在紧密的逻辑与丰富的形象之间,英语与法语的天平有所侧重,在两者的遭遇中,译者的无奈与局限源于文化与语言的巨大差异。 头脑清醒的纪德没有丝毫责备英语或莎士比亚的语言的意思,相反,在翻译莎士比亚的戏剧中,他充分意识到了母语的缺陷。他说:“只有在接触外语时,我们才意识到本国语言的缺陷,因此,只会法语的法国人是看不到缺陷的。”他的这一观点与德国作家歌德的观点几乎是一致的。异之于我,可作一明镜,从异中更清楚地照清自身。在这个意义上,与异语文化的接触,有助于认识母语与母语文化的不足。看清了自身的不足,便有可能从异语异文化中去摄取营养,弥补自身,丰富自身。 在艰难的翻译中,纪德亲历了种种障碍,他结合翻译中的具体例证,作了某

英语汉译英段落翻译练习

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