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Unit 1一、词汇短语Text Astatuette [] n. 小雕像【词组】a china statuette瓷雕【例句】A china statuette of a shepherdess stood on the table. 桌上有一个牧羊女的小瓷像。
eternal [] adj. 永恒的，不朽的；无穷的，无限的【例句】①She felt eternal gratitude to him for saving her life. 她终生感激他的救命之恩。
②I am tired of your eternal arguments. 我讨厌你那没完没了的争论。
【助记】外部(external)世界是永恒的(eternal)诱惑【派生】eternally adv. 永恒地；不朽地eternity n. 来世，来生；不朽；永世lest [] conj. 惟恐，免得【例句】He took a flashlight lest it should get dark before he returned.为了预防回来以前天就黑了，所以他带着手电筒。
leopard [] n. 豹；美洲豹【词组】snow leopard 雪豹spring [] n. 春天；弹簧，发条，弹性；根源，源泉；泉水v. 跳，跃，使跳跃【例句】She sprang out of her chair to greet her father. 她从椅子上跳起来迎接她父亲。
【词组】in spring 在春天spring up 涌现，发生，出现spring from 起源于，出身于spring sth. on sb. 向某人突然说出或提出某事物（令人惊奇或猝不及防）muscular [] adj. 肌肉的；肌肉发达的；强健的【例句】Like most female athletes, she was lean and muscular.像大多数女运动员一样，她精瘦而健壮。
参考答案（Unit 1—8）Unit OneKey to ExercisePreview:1 True or false1F 2T 3F 4F 5T 6F 7T 8T 9T 10TVocabulary4. Complete the sentences by translating the Chinese in the brackets 1. differ 2. differently, different 3. difference4. serious, serious, seriously5. seriousness, seriously polluted6. Fortunately/ Luckily, pollution, seriously, pollute7. attention 8. attentively, attentive3 Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the phrases and expressions.4 Translate the following sentences using words and expressions taken from the text.1. 他们利用我们求助无门的困境把我们公司接管了。
They took advantage of our helpless situation and took over our company.2. 虽然我们面前仍有困难，但我肯定我们中国人有智慧靠自己实现国家的和平统一。
Although there are still difficulties ahead of us, I am sure that we Chinese people will have the wisdom to bring abou t the peaceful unification of our country on our own.3. 只强调国内生产总值是错误的，它会引起很多严重问题。
杨立民《现代大学英语精读（4）》...Unit 1一、词汇短语Text Astatuette [] n. 小雕像【词组】a china statuette瓷雕【例句】A china statuette of a shepherdess stood on the table. 桌上有一个牧羊女的小瓷像。
eternal [] adj. 永恒的，不朽的；无穷的，无限的【例句】①She felt eternal gratitude to him for saving her life. 她终生感激他的救命之恩。
②I am tired of your eternal arguments. 我讨厌你那没完没了的争论。
【助记】外部(external)世界是永恒的(eternal)诱惑【派生】eternally adv. 永恒地；不朽地eternity n. 来世，来生；不朽；永世lest [] conj. 惟恐，免得【例句】He took a flashlight lest it should get dark before he returned.为了预防回来以前天就黑了，所以他带着手电筒。
leopard [] n. 豹；美洲豹【词组】snow leopard 雪豹spring [] n. 春天；弹簧，发条，弹性；根源，源泉；泉水v. 跳，跃，使跳跃【例句】She sprang out of her chair to greet her father. 她从椅子上跳起来迎接她父亲。
【词组】in spring 在春天spring up 涌现，发生，出现spring from 起源于，出身于spring sth. on sb. 向某人突然说出或提出某事物（令人惊奇或猝不及防）muscular [] adj. 肌肉的；肌肉发达的；强健的【例句】Like most female athletes, she was lean and muscular.像大多数女运动员一样，她精瘦而健壮。
Unit41.我看见一叶扁舟顺河漂流。
我不想像这小舟一样没有目标，随波逐流地了此一生。
I saw a boat drifting along the river. I do no t intend to be like this boat, drifting through life aimlessly.2.山谷里的桃花全都盛开了，让她留恋忘返。
在前面不远处，她看见一家农舍，从窗户内传来了美妙的乡村音乐。
The peach trees in the valley were in full blossom, making it difficult to tear herself away from them. Some distance apart from her, she saw a little hut with sweet country music drifting out of its window.3.结婚以后，我和朋友的来往慢慢变少了。
而我夹在那些一起共事的商界人士当中十分不自在。
他们说的生意经我厌烦透了。
After my marriage, my friends and I drifted apart a little, and I was completely out of my element among those business people I had to work with. Their business discussions bored me stiff .4.他们之间已经具有发生内战的所有要素。
国际社会已向双方呼吁，希望他们和平解决争端。
They already had all the necessary elements for a civil war. The international community has appealed to both sides for a peaceful settlement of their disputes.5.很多人认为教会正在失去他的吸引力。
现代大学英语精读二unit4详细答案（杨立民版）Unit 4Preview1. Listen to the recording of the text and then fill in the blanksin thefollowing sentences.1) an air crash; Washington; 19822) terrible crash; jet plane; Washington National Airport; bridge; Potomac;sank; in icy-cold water; four; survive3) great damage and loss of life; special; tears; helicopter team;to pick upsurvivors; “the man in the water”4) courage and noble character; nature; to the occasion5) pride; the moral power2. Read the text for better comprehension and answer the questions. 1) The unusual element is the bridge, because normally, air crashes do not involve a bridge. Note: The word “element” here means factor or a basic part of sth complicated..2) City of form and rules means a city that is shapely or beautiful and orderly, but it suddenly turned into its opposite and became chaotic, turned into a state of complete disorder and confusion.A blast of real winter: Blast means a sudden strong movement of wind or air. The two metals here refer to the bridge and the plane, both of which are made of metal. 3) From the point of view of artistic beauty, there was also a clash, because the plane was blue and green, the river was black, and the chunks of ice were grey. Perhaps people did not see failure in it at all. They only saw the triumph of human nature over the elements.5) Here the human nature and natural powers are in conflict.6)“Rise to the occasion”: Deal successfully with a problem or situation that is especially difficult. “Groping and struggling”refers to the fact that normally it ishuman instinct to grope for something to hang on to and struggle for life. 7) The sentence means “Three out of the four acknowledged heroes…, are able to account for their behavior.”“Account for”: give a satisfactory explanation8) “in the line of duty”: while working; while on duty9) Skutnic added that somebody had to go in the water saying what every hero would say under the circumstances, but although the sentiment has been repeated by many heroes, it is still admirable.10) It means the main reason for the emotional impact or the person who caused the greatest emotional impact.11) “mass casualty”: a great number of people injured and killedin an accident or battle. The word “mass” here is an adjective, meaning affecting a lot of people. Alsomass murder; mass killings; mass destruction; mass hysteria; mass protest; mass movement.“commitment”: a sense of duty and responsibility and a determination to work hard at it.12) As his name remained unknown, it made him a sort of symbol, a symbol of what human beings can do when they are at their best.13) “listening to …” is a participle phrase used as an adverbial of manner, modifying the predicate of the main clause “sitting”;“tell …” and “saying ..” are both part of the complex object of “listening to”; and “to fasten …” is part of the complex object of “tell”.14) in the essential, classic circumstance: in the most basic and typical circumstance 15) the age-old battle between humans and nature16) go at each other: fight each other violentlyact on distinctions: act according to the distinction between good and evil; act according to moral principles17) It means that when the man in the water gave a lifeline to the people gasping for survival, in the same way he seemed to be also saving the lives of those who watched him, making them understand life’s true meaning.18) “hold it to a standoff”: make nature unable to win the battle immediately 迫使自然接受在和人的斗争中的僵持局面，使它不能马上得逞。
Unit 4V ocabulary1．Translate the following expressions,Into English1. stay away from sth2. wind its way up to the mountain3. peek through the window4. address university students5. grab sb's arm6. set out for a place7. avoid eye contact8. pick up one's pace9. snatch a purse 10. do yoga11. keep one's head down12. row a boat13. escape punishment14. lose one's bearings15. unroll the sleeping bag16. whip round17. rip out the intestines18. camp outInto Chinese1.—件花格呢衬衣2.矿泉水3.角边眼镜4. 创建公园的管理人员5.享有特权的人的领地6.老年公民7..拦路强盗8. 娱乐中心9.一帮男孩10. 一条供人跑步的小路11.密不透风的树叶12.帝国大厦13.方向感14.在触手可及的地方：15.没有教养的人16.—次美的体验17.乱冲乱撞寻衅,18.从不间断记日记的人19.供游人遛马的小道2. Replace the parts in bold type with appropriate words and expressions from the text 1. rounded; came upon; assaulting2. avoid eye contact; is panicking3. frighten away4. spotted; got my bearings; emboldened5. enveloped; on my own6. shrieking; whipped round7. involuntarily called up the memory of; being sexually assaulted; pick up my pace/bolt8. consume staggering quantities of9. resumed; drifted from... to another3. Translate the following sentences into English.1.I saw a boat drifting along the river. I do not intend to be like this boat, drifting through life aimlessly.2. The peach trees in the valley were in full blossom, making it difficult to tear herself away from them. Some distance apart from her she saw a little hut with sweet country music drifting out of its windows.3. After my marriage, my friends and I drifted apart a little, and I was completely out of my element among those business people I had to work with. Their business discussionsbored me stiff.4. They already have all the necessary elements for a civil war. The international communityhas appealed to both sides for a peaceful settlement of their disputes.5. Many people think that the church is losing its appeal although it has accumulated moreand more wealth.6. The idea of business expansion appeals to me. Today the economy of many of our trade partners is beginning to pick up speed. Our domestic market is also projected to recovernext year.7. Reform always contains some elements of risk, but we risk a lot more without reform. Today most people find further reform appealing although there is bound to be opposition.8. He was furious (infuriated) when he read the letter. He tore it up and threw it into the wastepaper basket. Then he ripped a piece off his coat and using his own blood as ink, wrote his last letter.9. In hindsight (Looking back), we all feel that it was foolish to tear down (demolish) this beautiful city wall.10. You wait at home. I'll come and pick you up at around seven. Don't worry. The doctor has assured us that her health will pick up soon.4．Fill in the blanks with appropriate words.1. on, into, out2. within, as, toward3. in, to4. by, out of/from5. On, up, off6. on7. with8. on, at, at9. out, to10. across, for5. Point out and correct mistake(s) you find in the following sentences.1. "Platitude" cannot be very interesting because it has been repeated so many times by so many people and you will not assume that people have most likely never heard of it.2. A day that is cold will not be muggy. "Muggy" means unpleasantly warm and humid. 'To remain away from" is not the usual phrase. We say "to stay away from."3. "His nocturnal hammering" means his hammering throughout the night. It cannot happen in the day.4.... peeked through the impenetrable foliage: If it's impenetrable you cannot see clearly. In fact you can't see anything at all.5. If you were certain where you were you would not have lost your bearings.6. We usually say "grab" or "snatch" or "seize" instead of "grasp." Besides, women often carry purses rather than wallets which are usually for men. Then, people do not bolt calmly. They bolt when they run suddenly, especially when frightened.7. The woman was so frightening: The woman was "frightened," not "frightening." she started yelling uncontrollably: People usually yell when they are angry or excited Here "scream," "shriek" or "exclaim" will be more appropriate.8. a small boulder: "A boulder" is a very large stone or rock, therefore "a small boulder" is a contradiction in terms unless the boulder is small by comparison, though still too big be called a stone, and a boulder naturally is not something your sister can swing, swung it into the lake: The usual word is "throw" (or fling, toss, pitch, hurl). To swin£ something usually means a circular movement or a movement from side to side with one end fixed.9. condescending tune: It should be "condescending tone."10. a strong cold breeze: "A breeze" cannot be strong. It is light, gentle and soft.11. If something is at its most popular, it means that it can be enjoyed by ordinary people. (Unless you specify that it is popular with a certain type of people.)12. "Glare" means a harsh bright light. It is highly doubtful that you can see twinkling stars in the sky in a glare.shockingly beautiful: "Shockingly" usually has a negative connotation"13. We do not usually associate "lovely kids" with "on a rampage." And it is highly to have parents "zooming through the park with their kids on the rampage."14. whipped round slowly: "to whip round" is to turn round suddenly.15. drizzle heavily: "Drizzle" is to rain in very small drops, "to drizzle heavily" is example of contradiction in terms.all damp through and through: "Damp" means slightly wet.6. Study the following sentences. Ray attention to euphemisms—use of pleasant, mi or indirect words and phrases in place of more accurate or direct ones.1. visit the necessary: euphemism for "going to the toilet'2. passed away: euphemism for "died"3. What he said about his relationship with the secretary was not just misleading. It w bare-faced lie. "Misleading" therefore is a euphemism. So is "behave inappropriately.4. in his birthday clothes: euphemism for "naked'5. a little argument: It couldn't have been just a little argument if one ended up with “ a blackened eye," and the other "a few stitches.6. had not had any movements for four days: euphemism for "excretion'7. night soil: euphemism for "human waste," "feces," or "excrement"8. slow achievers: euphemism for "poor students"9. elderly citizens: euphemism for "old people" a little overweight: euphemism for "obesity"10. underprivileged people: euphemism for "poor people"developing countries: euphemism for "underdeveloped countries"Grammar1. Identify the subject in these sentences, and put in the blanks the right verb in brackets.1. (every Park official, city administrator, and police officer) tells, (they) agree2. (the police) were3. (convictions) were4. (Much) is5. (struggle) is6. (suggestion) was7. (opinions) prove8. (many a man) is9. (cluster) was10. (Methodists) were11. (combination) was2. Learn more about the function and use of except1 Study and summarize the use of except functioning as conjunction and preposition. The word "except" in these 10 sentences is either used as preposition or conjunction.1 As preposition, both "except" and "except for" are used to introduce the only person, thing, action, fact, or situation about which a statement is not true. There is no difference between "except" and "except for" except that at the beginning of a sentence, you must use "except for."2 As conjunction, "except" is not used by itself to introduce a clause, and it is used with that or a w/z-word (what/when/where/if, etc.).3 "Except" is often used with a prepositional phrase, e.g. except in/by/to, etc. •4 "Except" is also often used with an infinitive phrase with or without "to."1. except + prepositional phrase2. except +1ha/-clause3. except + noun phrase4. except + to-infinitive phrase5. except for + noun phrase6. except + fo-infinitive phrase7. except for + noun phrase8. except + when-clause shortened9. except + prepositional phrase10. except + that-clause2 Complete the sentences by translating the Chinese in brackets using except.1. except an explosion2. except to play a guitar3. except (to) relieve his pain4. except for about five minutes5. anything except in music6. except maybe to those who were dying7. except in our memory, except in our expectations of it8. except that yours are a little more radical9. except in sleep/dreams10. except how they got to know the criminal's exact whereabouts3 Translate these sentences using except.1. The climate of my hometown is pleasant except in January and August.2. Except when he is unwell, Wang Ning spends about 40 minutes a day jogging.3. About his special mission he told his family nothing except that he had to be away business for some time.4. His parents know that they don't have to do much for their son except to let him be himself.5. They asked for nothing except what was rightfully theirs.3. Study and analyze the grammatical structure of these involved sentences.1. This is a compound complex sentence. The two coordinate clauses are connected by conjunction "and." In the first coordinate clause Subject: anybody Predicate: knows Object: the city's essential platitude Subordinate clauses:1) "who knows anything about New York" modifying the subject "anybody"2) "that you don't wander around Central Park," a noun clause which is in apposition to the object "the city's essential platitude"Ill the second coordinate clause:Subject: the appealPredicate: in that was (the order of the link verb **was" and the predictive "in that" being inverted)Subordinate clause: it was the thing you don't do (here it is in apposition to the subject "the appeal")"Needless to say" is a parenthetical remark expressing the writer's opinion that what he says is obvious.2. This is also a compound complex sentence. The two coordinating clauses are connected by "but." They are:1) The park is now framed... by the city... (Here "enveloped even" is a parenthetical remark.)2) ... there was no escaping the recognition that this city... was very beautiful, ("com man-made, glaringly obtrusive, consuming wasteful and staggering quantities electricity and water and energy": This can be considered a shortened concession clawwith the conjunction "though" omitted.)4. Translate paragraphs 4-6 of the selection into Chinese.他站在下车的地方正犹豫不决的时候，听见那些年轻人向他走来，不仅是从他见到那些身影所在的那个方向，其他方向也有人朝他逼近。
目 录Unit 1一、词汇短语二、课文精解三、全文翻译四、练习答案Unit 2一、词汇短语二、课文精解三、全文翻译四、练习答案Unit 3一、词汇短语二、课文精解三、全文翻译四、练习答案Unit 4一、词汇短语二、课文精解三、全文翻译四、练习答案Unit 5一、词汇短语二、课文精解三、全文翻译四、练习答案Unit 6一、词汇短语二、课文精解三、全文翻译四、练习答案Unit 7一、练习答案Unit 8一、词汇短语二、课文精解三、全文翻译四、练习答案Unit 9一、词汇短语二、课文精解三、全文翻译四、练习答案Unit 10一、词汇短语二、课文精解三、全文翻译四、练习答案Unit 11一、词汇短语二、课文精解三、全文翻译四、练习答案Unit 12一、词汇短语二、课文精解三、全文翻译四、练习答案Unit 13一、词汇短语二、课文精解三、全文翻译四、练习答案Unit 14一、练习答案Unit 15一、词汇短语二、课文精解三、全文翻译四、练习答案Unit 16一、词汇短语二、课文精解三、全文翻译四、练习答案Unit 1一、词汇短语Text Adisaster [di5zB:stE] n.灾难，灾祸；不幸【例句】These difficulties are caused by natural disasters. 这些困难都是由自然灾害造成的。
【助记】dis（不，没有）+aster（星星）→星星消失了，难道预示着灾难的来临？谐音“点扎死他”，灾难。
semester [si5mestE] n.学期；半年【例句】His writing has improved greatly in this semester. 这学期他的写作有了很大进步。
【助记】seme（看作semi半）+s+ ter（看作terra学期）→半学期beanpole [5bi:npEul] n.（插在地上供豆茎攀缘的）支竿，瘦长之人【例句】Li Ling’s elder sister is short and overweight while her younger sister is a beanpole.李玲的姐姐是个矮胖墩儿，可她妹妹却是个细高个儿。
Unit 4一、词汇短语Text Aunique [] adj. 惟一的，独一无二的n. 独一无二的人或物【例句】I am in a rather unique position, as my job is different from anyone else’s.我的情况很特殊，因为我的工作与众不同。
【词组】unique to sb./sth. 仅与一个人或一个群体或一件事物有关【助记】uni（单一）+que（…的）→惟一的，独特的【派生】uniquely adv. 独特地；珍奇地uniqueness n. 独特性；独一无二chaotic [] adj. 混乱的, 无秩序的【例句】The traffic in the city is chaotic in the rush hour. 在上下班高峰时间，城市的交通混乱不堪。
blast [] n. 一阵（风），一股（气流）；爆炸；冲击波vt. 爆炸，毁灭；使枯萎；损害【例句】①A blast of wind blew the window and the door agape. 一阵风把门和窗子都吹开了。
②Rock music blasted full from the parlor. 震耳欲聋的摇滚乐从客厅传来。
【词组】at full blast大力地，最有效率地【助记】b（联想：不）+last（持续）→无法持续→爆炸；毁灭【派生】blasted adj. 枯萎的；被害的；被咒的blasting n. 爆炸；破坏；由爆破而产生的碎石块；枯萎slap [] n. 击掌，拍击；侮辱；掴耳光v. 击掌击拍【例句】They started to quarrel and she slapped him on the cheek. 他们开始争吵起来，她打了他一个耳光。
【词组】slap on 随便穿上；胡乱涂上；断然拒绝jet [] n. 喷射，喷嘴；喷气式飞机；黑玉adj. 墨黑的vt. 射出vi. 射出；[航] 乘喷气式飞机【例句】Put a match to the gas jet to light the gas. 把火柴放在煤气喷口上点燃煤气。
杨立民现代大学英语精读2课后答案！杨立民现代大学英语精读2课后答案！杨立民现代大学琴语精读2课后答案一：Unitl 一、词汇短语TextA disaster[diza:ste]n.灾难，灾祸；不幸【例句】These difficulties are caused by natural disasters.这些困难都是由自然灾害造成的。
【助记】dis （不，没有）+aster （星星）一星星消失了，难道预示着灾难的来临？谐音“点扎死他”，灾难。
semester[simeste]n.学期；半年【彳列句】His writing has improved greatly in this semester.这学期他的写作有了很大进步。
【助记】seme （看作semi半）+s+ter （看作terra学期）—半学期beanpoletbimpeujn.（插在地上供豆茎攀缘的）支竿，瘦长之人【例句】LiLing's elder sister is short and overweight while her younger sister is a beanpole.李玲的姐姐是个矮胖墩儿，可她妹妹却是个细高个儿。
hip[hip]n.臀部,髓;屋脊;蔷薇果；忧有郁adj.熟悉内情的；非常时尚的【例句】He stood there with his hands on his hips.他双手叉腰站在那里。
specimen[spesimen]n.范例；样品，样本，标本【例句】He collects specimens of all kinds of rocks and minerals.他采集各种岩石和矿物的标【助记】spec-看+men男人，人，（医院）常有供人看的人的样品。
drugstoretdrAg^toJn.（美国兼售化妆品、家居用品、饮料、小吃等的）药店，药房【例句】I will bring stuff from the drugstore for your hands. 我到药房去给你的手弄点药来。
Unit 4Preview1.Listen to the recording of the text and then fill in the blanks in thefollowing sentences.1) an air crash; Washington; 19822）terrible crash; jet plane; Washington National Airport; bridge; Potomac;sank; in icy-cold water; four; survive3)great damage and loss of life; special; tears; helicopter team; to pick upsurvivors; “the man in the water”4)courage and noble character; nature; to the occasion5)pride; the moral power2. Read the text for better comprehension and answer the questions.1) The unusual element is the bridge, because normally, air crashes do not involve a bridge. Note: The word “element” here means factor or a basic part of sth complicated..2) City of form and rules means a city that is shapely or beautiful and orderly, but it suddenly turned into its opposite and became chaotic, turned into a state of complete disorder and confusion.A blast of real winter: Blast means a sudden strong movement of wind or air. The two metals here refer to the bridge and the plane, both of which are made of metal.3) From the point of view of artistic beauty, there was also a clash, because the plane was blue and green, the river was black, and the chunks of ice were grey.Perhaps people did not see failure in it at all. They only saw the triumph of human nature over the elements.5) Here the human nature and natural powers are in conflict.6）“Rise to the occasion”: Deal successfully with a problem or situation that is especially difficult. “Groping and struggling” refers to the fact tha t normally it is human instinct to grope for something to hang on to and struggle for life.7) The sentence means “Three out of the four acknowledged heroes…, are able to account for their behavior.”“Account for”: give a satisfactory explanation8) “in the line of duty”: while working; while on duty9) Skutnic added that somebody had to go in the water saying what every hero would say under the circumstances, but although the sentiment has been repeated by many heroes, it is still admirable.10) It means the main reason for the emotional impact or the person who caused the greatest emotional impact.11) “mass casualty”: a great number of people injured and killed in an accident or battle. The word “mass” here is an adjective, meaning affecting a lot of peo ple. Alsomass murder; mass killings; mass destruction; mass hysteria; mass protest; mass movement.“commitment”: a sense of duty and responsibility and a determination to work hard at it.12) As his name remained unknown, it made him a sort of symbol, a symbol of what human beings can do when they are at their best.13) “listening to …” is a participle phrase used as an adverbial of manner, modifying the predicate of the main clause “sitting”; “tell …” and “saying ..” are both part of the complex object o f “listening to”; and “to fasten …” is part of the complex object of “tell”.14) in the essential, classic circumstance: in the most basic and typical circumstance15) the age-old battle between humans and nature16) go at each other: fight each other violentlyact on distinctions: act according to the distinction between good and evil; act according to moral principles17) It means that when the man in the water gave a lifeline to the people gasping for survival, in the same way he seemed to be also saving the lives of those who watched him, making them understand life’s true meaning.18) “hold it to a standoff”: make nature unable to win the battle immediately 迫使自然接受在和人的斗争中的僵持局面，使它不能马上得逞。
Vocabulary1. Do the following exercises on word formation rules.1) Turn the following into their opposite by adding in- or im-:1.incompetence2.immoral3.impossible4.incomplete5.impersonal6.incredible7.indirect8.immovable9.immortal10.impolitermal12.improper13.impartial14.impatient15.incorrect16.incapable17.insignificant18.impractical19.imperfect ;20.insensitive21.impermissible22.impenetrable23.indifferent24.immovable25.invisible26.immodest27.immature28.invaluable29.invariable30.immeasurable2）Guess the meaning of the following suffixes.(1)-eeReferee; employee; payee; divorcee; trainee(2) -eervolunteer; pioneer; engineer; profiteer;(3) -essStewardess; actress; conductress; tigress; lioness; duchess;countess; mistress; princess; hostess;3) Translate the following expressions paying special attention tothe compound nouns in bold type made of verbs+adverbs.1.经济起飞2.欢送会3.梦想复辟4.可耻的出卖5.后续讨论6.产品用后就扔的现代经济7.脸上涂脂抹粉化妆品用得太多8.严重的精神崩溃9.给了个表示许可的信号10.怀疑这是有意掩盖真相11.我们叫个外买吧12.在那个军事接管以后13.给学生一些讲义14.改革的好处15.这联盟最后的破裂16.学校中途撤学的人17.第二天清晨仍能感觉酒后头昏18. 出来参加投票的人不多2．Give the opposite of the following words.1) employer2)unfasten3)bad/evil4)unidentified5)concerned/caring/interested/sympathetic6)immovable7)impersonal8)irresponsible9)selfishness10)individual/personal/specific/private11)shallow12)undress13)slightly/somewhat/in part14)deny15)bridegroom3. Translate the following Chinese into English.1) air crashes/air collision and other natural disasters2) human nature and character3) the tail section of a jet plane4) huge chunks of ice5) flotation ring6) fasten the seat belt7) cultural conflict /clash8) Flight 9119) mechanic failure10) human tragedy11) harsh remarks12) make a distinction between good and evil13) presidential monuments14) typical/classic circumstance15) universal character16) public hero17) emotional impact18) moment of high traffic (peak)19) enduring wonder20) Air Florida21) Congressional Budget Office22) mass casualties4. Complete the sentences with the expressions listed below in theirproper forms.1)refer to; known as2)in reality; as ever; responsible for3)brought; to tears; sticks4) worth; refer to; On the other hand; make a careful distinction5)came to the conclusion; for the6)takes off ; on behalf of7)to be sure; care about; rise to the occasion8)responsible for; account for5. Fill in the blanks with appropriate prepositions or adverbs.1)to；as2)on; to3)to; of4)on; in; under5)according to; over6)with; at; at7)against; for; to8)on; to9)on; to10)In/Owing to/Because of; of6.Translate the following sentences into English.1)The fact that he was able to avoid the seemingly inevitable crash madehim a national hero.2)Of t he four students who risked their lives to try to drag the drowningchildren to shore, two never returned.3)The Japanese are known for their long life span. They believe they owe thisto their eating habits/composition of their diet, which contains a lot of fishproducts.4)I know Harris. I couldn’t imagine a man like him making such stupidremarks.5)After testing her loyalty many times, he was now going to give her themost dangerous task.6)I hear that Lincoln delivere d an extremely powerful speech on thatoccasion. Whatever did he actually say?7)That this time they must be ready to challenge deat h was clear toeverybody. But no one regretted this move.8)As accidents g o/As far as accidents are concerned, there was nothing out ofthe ordinary: a crazy young man drives a car on a university campus andkills a young woman student. What is unusual is the fact that the man daresto challenge the people who want to take him to court because his father isa local police officer.9)Every time/Whenever we decide on a financial policy, we have to make aclear distinction between short-term interests and long-term interests.10)Although it was early October, people could already be seen drivingacross the frozen river.Grammar1.Learn to use the appositive clause.1. Study the clauses introduced by that and say which are appositive clausesand which are the relative clauses.Explanatory notes:a.The appositive clause is one that explains the meaning of the previous noun.b.The “noun + appositive clause” functions as a n oun (phrase), and like a noun(phrase), it is used as subject, objects, and predicative.c.The “noun + appositive clause” form is used as the object of prepositions andof verbs that cannot be followed by a simple that-clause.d.Only a small number of nouns can be followed by an appositive clause.Among such verbs are fact, feeling, idea, news, opinion, order, suggestion.1)appositive clause in apposition to (与……同位)“the fact”2)relative clause modifying “the jets …”3)relative clause modifying “every hero’s line”4)appositive clause in apposition to “the fact”5)appositive clause in apposition to “proof”6)relative clause modifying “something”7)appositive clause in appos ition to “the conclusion”8)appositive clauses in apposition to “the fact”2. Respond to or rewrite each of the remarks, using an appositive clauseand the words in brackets.1)The boy’s fear that he would fail the examination was totally groundless.2)I have a feeling tha t the farmer’s wife doesn’t like the way some youngpeople behave.3) A year after the plane crash, the couple still clung to the hope that their sonwould one day return home.4)I think the police’s opinion that the victim was partly responsible for theft isridiculous.)5)The international community welcomes the news that the two countries havedecided to return to the negotiating table.6) A lot of scientists don’t think the result of their research is absolute proof thatglobal warming isn’t really h appening.7)Ted decided to join the team, for he came to the conclusion that he had moreto gain than lose.8)Our department head seems to have accepted the fact that women generallyhave better communication skills.plete each of the sentences with an indefinite pronoun beginning withany/every/some/no, adding ’s or else(’s) where necessary.ing anybody/anyone, somebody/someone, everybody/everyone, nobody/noone.1) anybody (usually in questions) / somebody (when you expect a “yes” answer2) anybody el se’s3) Everybody4) everyone, Nobody5) no one else6) No one7) anyone (in questions)8) someone else9) Everyone, no one10) Nobodying anything, something, everything, nothing.1) everything 2) something (when “yes” is expected) /anything3) nothing 4) something, anything 5) something6) nothing 7) anything 8) Something, anything9) something (10) n othing3.Fill in each blank with ONE suitable word.(1) made (2) while (3) scheduled (4) took (5) takeoff(6) by (7) But (8) dangerous (9) turn (10) Something4.Translate the sentences using an appositive clause.1)The fact that he is somebody’s relative won’t change our opinion of him.2)The wives of the miners trapped in the pit for three days were overjoyed bythe news that their men had all been rescued.3)We must accept the possibility that we might be wrong.4)There’s little hope that the patient will survive.5)The faculty shares the opinion that the majority of this year’s fr eshmen arepromising.6)In spite of our economic growth, we should bear/keep in mind the fact thatours is still a developing country.7)We should hear his explanation before we jump to the conclusion that he’s toblame.8)There aren’t many people who still cli ng to the idea that man should conquernature rather than live in harmony with it.5.Identify and correct the mistake in each of the sentences.1)Everyone in our class went to the international book fair.2)Every one of their new products became popular soon after it was launched.3)The Chinese Delegation expressed the hope that the two sides would soonstop fighting in the area.4)I don’t like the way (in which) he speaks to his patients.5)Is there anyone in the office?6)I think it was the director’s fault, and nobody else is responsible for thedisaster.7)Has anyone got anything important to say?8)Lee Ying can’t be in the library. I saw her going to the sports ground just amoment ago.9)If the firefighters hadn’t been caught in a traffic jam, they would havearrived an hour early.10)Not only did the medical team save many earthquake victims, but they alsohelped them to recover from the shock.。
