Maglev Trains
1A few countries are using powerful electromagnets to develop high-speed trains,called maglev trains.Maglev is short for magnetic levitation1,which means that these trains float over a guide way using the basic principles of magnets to replace the old steel wheel and track trains.
2If you've ever played with magnets,you know that opposite poles attract and like poles repel each other2.This is the basic principle behind electromagnetic propulsion. Electromagnets are similar to other magnets in that they attract metal objects,but the magnetic pull is temporary.You can easily create a small electromagnet yourself by connecting the ends of a copper wire to the positive and negative ends of an AA-cell battery3.This creates a small magnetic field.If you disconnect either end of the wire from the battery,the magnetic field is taken away.
3The magnetic field created in this wire-and-battery experiment is the simple idea behind a maglev train rail system.There are three components to this system:A large electrical power source,metal coils lining a guide way or track,and large guidance magnets attached to the underside of the train.
4The big difference between a maglev train and a conventional train is that maglev trains do not have an engine --at least not the kind of engine used to pull typical train cars along steel tracks4.The engine for maglev trains is rather innoticeable.Instead of using fossil fuels,the magnetic field created by the electrified coils in the guideway walls and the track combines to propel the trains5.
5The magnetized coil running along the track,called a guideway,repels the large magnets on the train's undercarriage, allowing the train to levitate between1to10cm above the guideway.Once the train is levitated,power is supplied to the coils within the guideway walls to create a unique system of magnetic fields that pull and push~th train along the guideway. The electric current supplied to the coils in the guideway walls is constantly alternating to change the polarity of the magnetized coils.This change in polarity causes the magnetic field in front of the train to pull the vehicle forward,while the magnetic field behind the train adds more forward thrust.
6Maglev trains float on a cushion of air',eliminating friction.This lack of friction allows these trains to reach unprecedented ground transportation speeds of more than500kph, or twice as fast as the fastest conventional train.At500kph,
you could travel from Paris to Rome in just over two hours.
词汇：
Levitate v.悬浮electrified v.使带电
Levitation n.悬浮magnetize v.使带磁
guideway n.导向槽line v.排列成行
propelb vt.推进underside n.下侧，下面
propulsion n.推进undercarriage n.车盘
注释:
1.Maglev is short for magnetic levitation:maglev是magnetic levitation的缩略词。
2.opposite poles attract and like poles repel each other:异极相吸，同极相斥
3.AA-cell battery:5号电池
4.at least not the kind of engine used to pull typical train cars along steel tracks:至少不是沿着轨道拉动典型的火车车厢的那种发动机。
5.the magnetic field created by the electrified coils in the guideway walls and the track combine to propel the train:由嵌入导向壁内的电磁线圈产生的磁场加上轨道，一起推动火车前进。The magnetic field和the track是句子主语，created by the electrified coils in the guideway walls是过去分词短语，用作定语，修饰the magnetic field.
练习:
1.Paragraph3
2.Paragraph4
3.Paragraph5
4.Paragraph6
A The Main Components of the Maglev Train System
B High-speed Maglev due to Zero Friction
C The Working Principle of the Maglev Train
D Differences between Polarity and Magnetic Field
E Comparison of Maglev Trains with Traditional Ones
F Maglev with a Powerful Motor
5.Several countries in the world are using strong electromagnets
6.You can connect a wire to the positive and negative ends of a battery.
7.A unique system of magnetic fields is created by the coils
8.The frictionless maglev train enables you
A to develop a maglev train rail system
B To explain why maglev trains are faster
C to pull and push the train forward
D to create a magnetic field
E to experiment with the maglev train
F to travel from Paris to Rome in about two hours
答案与题解：
1.A第三段了举了磁浮列车的三个组成部分，动力源、金属线圈和此贴。选项A概括了第三段列的内容。
2.E第四段就磁浮列车和传统火车进行了比较：磁浮列车没有发动机而传统火车有发动机。选项C用comparsion来概括是准确的。
3.C第五段比较详细的介绍了为什么磁浮列车会向前运动，也就揭示了磁浮列车的工作原理。
4.B在第五段解释了磁浮列车浮起和向前运动的原理之后，作者在第六段中进行了磁浮列车速度奇快的原因：去除了传统火车的车轮于铁轨的摩擦。
5.A选A的依据是本文第一段第一句：A few countries using powerful electromagnets to develop high-speed trains,called maglev trains.
6.D第二段说，把电线与干电池相连接就能产生一个小磁场，而磁浮列车的运动原理与此相同。第二段第四句是选择D的依据。
7.C第五段的第二句，即“0nce the train is levitated，power is supplied to the coils within the guideway walls to create a unique system of magnetic fields that pull and push the train along the guideway”，是选择c的依据。
8.F本文最后一句举出坐上时速500公里的磁浮列车从巴黎到罗
马只需约2小时这个例子来说明磁浮列车速度之快。
译文：磁悬浮列车
一些国家正在使用强有力的额电磁体发展高速列车，这种列车叫作磁悬浮列车。Maglev是磁悬浮的缩略词，它意味着这些列车漂浮在导向槽上，导向槽是使用磁铁的基本原理来替换原来的钢轮子和钢轨道的列车。
如果你曾经玩过磁铁，你知道异极相吸，同极相斥的道理。这是电磁式推进背后的基本原理。电磁体与其他磁铁在吸引金属物品方面是一样的，但是电磁力是暂时的。你能通过铜丝连接一节5号电池的正负极很容易地自己创造出一个小的电磁体。这就创造了一个小磁场。如果你从电池分开导线的任意一个末端，磁场就消失。
这个导线和电池实验创造的磁场是磁悬浮列车系统背后的简单想法。这个系统有三个成分：一个大电能来源、金属卷排列成导向槽或轨道和附着在列车下面的大的导电磁体。
磁悬浮列车和传统列车之间的一个很大的大区别是磁悬浮列车没有发动机——至少不是沿着轨道拉动典型的火车车厢的那种发动机。磁悬浮列车的发动机相当不显眼。代替矿物燃料的使用，由嵌入导向壁内的电磁线圈产生的磁场加上轨道，一起推动火车前进。
导向槽是沿着轨道延伸的带磁性的线圈。它排斥在列车的车盘上的大磁铁，允许列车在导向槽之上1—10cm之间悬浮。一旦列车被悬浮，就把力量供给在导向槽墙体之内的线卷来创造出一个单独的磁场系统，沿着导向槽推拉列车。在导向槽墙体内供给线圈的电流不断交
替改变被磁化的线卷的极性。在极性上的变化造成了列车前面的磁场向前拉动列车，而在列车后面的磁场增加更多向前推力。
磁悬浮列车漂浮在气垫上来减少摩擦。这种缺乏摩擦(的状态)让这些列车超过500kph的速度，(这个速度)是地面交通工具史无前例的速度，或者是最快的传统列车两倍的速度。500kph，你可能用刚好超过两个小时的时间从巴黎旅行到罗马。
The Magic Io Personal Digital Pen
1Check out the io Personal Digital Pen launched by Logitech：It’s a magic pen that can store everything you write and transfer it to your computer.And you don’t have to lug a hand-held device along with you for it to work.1
2Logitech’s technology works like this：The pen writes normally,using normal ballpoint pen ink2.But while you are writing,a tiny camera inside the pen is also taking100 snapshots per second of what you are doing3,mapping your writing via a patchwork of minute dots printed on the paper. All this information—the movement of your pen on the paper, basically—is then stored digitally inside the pen,whether you are writing notes or drawing complex diagrams.You can store up to40pages worth of doodles in the pen’s memory.As far as you are concerned4,you are just using a normal pen.
3It is only when you drop the pen into its PC-connected
cradle that the fun begins.Special software on your PC will figure out what you have done,and begin to download any documents you have written since the last time it was there. Depending on whether you have ticked certain boxes on the special notepad,it can also tell whether the document is destined to be an e-mail,a“to do”task,or a diagram to be inserted into a word-processing document.Once the documents are downloaded you can view them,print them out or convert them to other formats.
4The io Personal Digital Pen is a neat and simple solution to the problem of storing,sharing and retrieving handwritten notes,as well as for handling diagrams,pictures and other non-text doodling.You don’t have to carry a laptop along with you.All you have to do is just whip out the pen and the special paper and you are off5.
5It is a great product because it does not force you to work differently—walking around with a screen strapped to your arm,or carrying with you extra bits and pieces.The pen is light and works like a normal pen if you need it to,while the special notepads look and feel like notepads.The only strange looks will be from people who are curious why you are writing with a cigar.
6The io Personal Digital Pen also has potential elsewhere. FedEx6,for example,is introducing a version of the pen so that customers can fill out forms by hand—instead of punching letters into cumbersome devices.Once that data is digital more or less anything can be done with it—transferring it wirelessly to a central computer,for example,or via a hand-phone.Doctors could transmit their prescriptions direct to pharmacies,reducing fraud;policemen could send their reports back to the station,reducing paperwork.
词汇：
lug吃力地携带snapshot快照patchwork拼凑的东西，杂絵doodle信手写就的资料cradle座，支架download下载
tick打上小记号notepad记事本destined预定的
laptop笔记本电脑，膝上电脑whip猛地拔出strap用带扣住cumbersome麻烦的
pharmacy药房
注释：
1.And you don’t have to lug a hand-held device along with you for it to work：to work是动词不定式，用作目的状语，修饰lugb for it是work的逻辑主语。it指代io Personal Digital Pen。
2.ballpoint pen ink：圆珠笔墨水
3.a tiny camera inside the pen is also taking100snapshots
per second of what you are doing：is also taking100snapshots 和of what you are doing之间插入了per second。
4.As far as you are concerned：就你而言
5.…you are off：……你就能开始工作了
6.FedEx：联邦快递公司
练习：
1.Paragraph2_________.
2.Paragraph3_________.
3.Paragraph5_________.
4.Paragraph6_________.
A A Friendly and Convenient Device
B Ways to Download the Stored Information
C Examples of Other Potential Applications of the Io Pen
D Customers’Passion for the Io Pen
E FedEx the First User of the Io Pen
F Working Principles of the Io Personal Digital Pen
5.There is no need to learn how to use the io Personal Digital Pen because_________.
6.If you want to download what you have done with the magic pen,_________.
7.The magic pen is particularly convenient when you work away from home or office because_________.
8.No matter what you write or draw,_________
A you don’t have to carry your laptop along
B the information will be shown digitally on the pen
C FedEx has special software to store your information
D it works like an ordinary pen
E you simply place the pen into its computer-connected cradle
F the movement of your pen is recorded digitally inside the pen
答案与题解：
1.F第二段介绍神奇笔的工作原理。笔内装有一个摄像头，把写的字或画的图转换为数码，存储在笔内的记忆装置里。
2.B第三段介绍把神奇笔存储的信息下载到电脑中的过程，其中很重要的一个设备是将笔与电脑相连接的cradle(笔座)。
3.A第五段介绍神奇笔的优越性，使用的方式和使用普通笔一样，不用携带显示屏，不用带附件。所以，这段的内容可以概括为A friendly and convenient device。
4.C最后一段列举了有可能使用神奇笔的其他地方。
5.D文章中多处都提到the io Personal Digital Pen用起来很方便，普通的笔怎么用，the io Personal Digital Pen也怎么用。因此，it works like an ordinary pen是答案。
6.E download和使用cradle的内容可在第三段第一句、第二
句中找到。
7.A题干中的convenient和when you work away from home or office提示我们要选A。第五段第一句说，外出时不用携带显示屏或附件。
8.F第二段第三句是选F的依据。
译文：神奇的io私人数字笔
仔细看看由Logitech公司发明的io私人数字笔吧。这是一种神奇的笔。可以将你写的所有东西储存下来并转换到计算机上，而你在使用这种数字笔时却不必携带手持设备。
Logitech技术的工作原理如下：这种笔使用一种普通的圆珠笔墨水，和平常一样写字。但是当你写字时，笔内的一个极小的摄像头也在以每秒钟100张的速度对你所写的内容进行快速拍摄，通过印在纸上的小点块拼出你所写的内容。然后，无论你是记笔记还是画复杂图表，所以的信息——基本上都是笔在纸上的移动——都将以数字形式存储于笔中。你可在笔的存储器中存储多达40页的资料。而对你来说，你只不过是在使用一支普通的笔而已。
只有当你将笔插入与PC机连接的笔座中时，有趣的事才真正开始。你的PC机的专用软件会估算出你所做之事，并下载你最新写下的所有文件。根据你是否在专用记事本的一些特定框里打对号，这种笔还可以辨别出文档是电子邮件、“待执行”人物还是要插入文字处理文档的图表。文档下载后，你就可以查看、打印或将其转换为其他形式。
io私人数字笔可妥善又简单地解决手写笔记的存储、共享和检索问题，也可处理图表、图片以及其他非文本资料。你不必携带电脑，你只需要拿出笔和专门用纸就能开始工作了。
这是一种很了不起的产品，因为你的工作不会因之产生任何麻烦——你不必携带显示屏，也不必携带任何附件。它非常轻便，如果你需要的话，也可以当普通笔来用，而这种专用记事本看起来摸起来都很像普通记事本。有些人会很好奇，不明白为什么你在用雪茄写字，这是唯一看起来令人费解的地方。
io私人数字笔在其他方面也很有潜力。例如，联邦快递公司正引进一种数字笔，从而用户可用手填写表格，而无需再费力劳神地打进机器中。如果数字为数字型，几乎所有事情都可由这种笔来完成——例如将数据通过无线方式或手机传输到中心计算机上。医生可将处方直接转到药房，减少了欺诈行为的发生。警察可将报告发回警察局，减少了文书工作。
Face Masks May Not Protect from Super-Flu
1If a super-flu strikes,face masks may not protect you. Whether widespread use of masks will help,or harm,during the next worldwide flu outbreak is a question that researchers are studying furiously.No results have come from their mask research yet.However,the government says people should consider wearing them in certain situations anyway,just in case1.
2But it's a question the public keeps asking while the government are making preparations for the next flu pandemic. So the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC)came up with2preliminary guidelines."We don't want people wearing them everywhere,"said the CDC."The overall recommendation really is to avoid exposure."
3When that's not possible3,the guidelines say to consider wearing a simple surgical mask if you are in one of the three following situations.First,you're healthy and can't avoid going to a crowded place.Second,you're sick and think you may have close contact with the healthy,such as a family member checking on you4.Third,you live with someone who's sick and thus might be in the early stages of infection,but still need to go out.
4Influenza pandemics can strike when the easy-to-mutate flu virus shifts to a strain that people never have experienced. Scientists cannot predict when the next pandemic will arrive, although concern is rising that the Asian bird flu might trigger one if it starts spreading easily from person to person.
5During the flu pandemic,you should protect yourself. Avoid crowds,and avoid close contact with the sick unless you must care for someone.Why aren't masks added to this
self-protection list?Because they can help trap virus-laden droplets flying through the air with a cough or sneeze.Simple surgical masks only filter the larger droplets.Besides,the CDC is afraid masks may create a false sense of security. Perhaps someone who should have stayed home would don an ill-fitting mask and hop on the subway5instead.
6Nor does flu only spread through the air6.Say7someone covers a sneeze with his or her hand,then touches a doorknob or subway pole8.If you touch that spot next and then put germy hands on your nose or mouth,you've been exposed.It's harder to rub your nose while wearing a mask and so your face may get pretty sweaty under masks.You reach under to wipe that sweat, and may transfer germs caught on the outside of the mask straight to the nose.These are the problems face masks may create for their users.
7Whether people should or should not use face masks still remains a question.The general public has to wait patiently for the results of the mask research scientists are still doing.
词汇：
furiously强烈地outbreak(疾病的)暴发
pandemic全国流行的(疾病);n.大流行，大传染病
mutate变异strain菌株virus-laden充满细菌的
sneeze打喷嚏don穿上
doorknob门把手germy带有细菌的
注释：
1.just in case：就是为了预防万一
2.came up with：(针对问题、挑战)提出
3.When that’s not possible：在无法做到的情况下。When从句中的that替代上一段的avoid exposure。
4.such as a family member checking on you：例如你的家庭成员来检查你的病情
5.subway：(美)地铁。英国英语的地铁是underground.subway 在英国英语中是“(通过马路的)地下人行通道”。
6.Nor does flu only spread through the air：流感不仅仅通过空气传染。nor用于句首时，句子的谓语动词要倒装。如：He does not speak Russian.Nor do I.他不会说俄语，我也不会。
7.Say：比如说
8.subway pole：地铁车厢竖杆扶手
练习：
1.Paragraph2_________.
2.Paragraph3_________.
3.Paragraph5_________.
4.Paragraph6_________.
A Reasons for Excluding Masks from the Self-protection
List
B Effort to Stop Flu from Spreading
C When to Use Face Masks
D Guidelines on Mask Use
E Warnings from the CDC
F Danger of Infection through Germy Hands and Masks
5.The scientists are trying to find out if masks may or may not_________.
6.The CDC is afraid that the public may_________.
7.The public will not know the answer about masks until scientists_________.
8.We can infer from the passage that the US authorities _________.
A overuse face masks
B deal with the mask problem seriously
C rub their faces and noses in the subway
D protest against the mask guidelines
E help protect people from being attacked by a flu
F announce the results of their mask research
答案与题解：
1.D第二段说美国疾病控制和预防中心出台口罩使用原则，防止公众过度使用口罩。选项D是答案。
2.C第三段是对第二段的口罩使用原则作细节描述，谈及三种情况下可以使用口罩。选项C的“When to use masks”概括了本段的大意，因此是答案。
3.A第五段列举了流感期间自我保护的几条意见，最重要两条是不要到人多的地方去和远离流感病人。使用口罩并没有列入自我保护的几条意见中。后半段解释说，如果列人可能会产生弊病。选项A 的“Reasons for excluding masks from the self-protection list”概括了本段的大意，所以是答案。
4.F第六段的中心思想是说流感不仅仅是通过空气传染，触摸也是传染的一个途径。带有流感病毒的手和口罩也是传染病毒的中介源。选项F概括了本段的大意，所以是答案。
5.E第一段和第七段都谈到科学家正在进行有关口罩能否保护个人免受流感感染的研究。很明显，E是答案。
6.A第二段说CDC出台了指导原则，其中一个重要目的是防止公众过度使用口罩。原句是：“We don’t want people wearing them everywhere”。选项A是答案。
7.F与题干有关的内容在第七段能够找到。根据该段所表达的意思，F是答案。
8.B authorities是“政府部门”。美国有关部门出台了一份包括口罩使用在内的指导原则，又有科学家对口罩的使用问题进行专项研究，应该说工作是严肃认真的。题干接上选项B的“deal with the mask problem seriously”就表达了这层意思。B是答案。
译文：口罩也许无法预防感冒
如果一场超级流感暴发，口罩也许不能保护你。在下一次世界性的流感暴发期间，广泛使用口罩是否有用还是个问题，科学家正认真研究该题，但至今还没有任何结果。然而，为了以防万一，政府建议在某些情况下还是应当考虑佩戴口罩。
但当政府为下一次流感流行做准备时，公众仍心存疑问。所以美国疾病控制欲预防中心提出了一些初步指导原则，“我们不希望人们到处戴着口罩，”他们说，“总体上是建议要避免到有流感病毒的场合去。”
在无法避免的情况下，指导原则提出，在以下三种情况下应考虑佩戴一个简易的外科手术口罩：第一，你很健康但要到一个人群拥挤的地方;第二，你已经生病了但仍要与健康的人接触，如家庭成员要来看你的病情;第三，与你居住在一起的人已经感冒了，也许你已经处在传染的早期阶段，但你仍需外出。
当易变异的感冒病毒出现人们从未遇到过的新种类时，全国性的流行性感冒就会暴发。如果亚洲的禽流感开始轻易地在人与人之间传播，就可能会引起一场这样的大流行性疾病，虽然人们的忧虑不断升级，但科学家仍无法预测这样的大暴发什么时候会出现。
在流感期间，你应该学会自我保护。避免到人多的地方去，远离流感病人，除非你必须照顾病人。为什么不把口罩放入自我保护的措施中呢?口罩能把咳嗽或打喷嚏飞出的含有病毒的飞沫拦截住。但简易的外科手术口罩只能过滤大的飞沫。此外，美国疾病控制欲预防中
心担心口罩可能会制造一种虚假的安全感。也许原本会待在家里的人会戴上一个不合适的口罩跑去坐地铁。
流感不仅仅是通过空气传染。有些人打喷嚏时会用手遮挡，带有病毒的手会接触到门把手或是地铁里的扶手。如果你碰到这些东西，然后把带有流感病毒的手接触到嘴或者鼻子，你就有可能被传染。戴口罩时你很难去擦鼻子，于是脸在口罩下就变得汗津津的，当你去擦汗时，病毒就直接被带到了鼻子里。这些问题就是口罩带给他们的使用者的。
人们是否应该使用口罩仍然是个问题。公众还要耐心地等待科学家的研究结果。
A Strong Greenhouse Gas
1.Methane is a colorless,odorless gas;it is also a potent greenhouse gas,and once released into the atmosphere,it absorbs heat radiating from Earth’s surface.That’s why methane is a major contributor to the planet’s increasing temperature rise—or global warming.Molecule for molecule, methane’s heat-trapping power in the atmosphere is21times stronger than carbon dioxide,the most abundant greenhouse gas.
2.With13billion cows belching almost constantly around the world(100million in the U.S.alone),it’s no surprise that methane released by livestock is one of the chief global sources of the gas.Other prime methane sources:petroleum,
2020年职称英语综合类C级概括大意历年真题及解析2020年真题 Interview with Allan Gray (1)I was working for a multinational company in the early 1980s, and my brother asked me if I was interested in going into partnership with him to set up a language school. I'd always wanted to work for myself, and I was a bit fed up with working for someone else, so I said yes. Primarily, I wanted the freedom to make my own decisions, I wanted room to be creative, and also I wanted to be able to get the credit and keep the profits if we were successful. I was also happy to carry the can and take the blame if things went wrong. These things are not possible if you work as an employee in a large organization. (2) I had to borrow money to help start the business, but we were lucky because we also had some outside capital to put into the business. These days it can be really hard to persuade banks to lend money to people who want to start a company, so we were fortunate. It was fairly easy to set up the business, because we had a very clear idea of what we wanted to do. The problem was, all our preconceptions ( 预想 ) about what it would be like to run a business were wrong. We made lots of mistakes, and we almost went bankrupt (破 产的 ) at the beginning. At one point, we only had two students in the school. (3) Far too long! We lost money for the first four years and, as I was saying, we nearly went out of business. It took
写在最前面的关于30分题+15分 1. +表示A级文章；*表示B即文章；其他为C级文章，考哪一级就看哪一级的内容，别的级别的题目完全不用看。 2. 每个级别新增阅读理解2篇完型填空2篇（今年以前完形填空只新增一篇），考试的时候，这两篇阅读理解必考一篇，文章完全一样，但是问题及答案不一定完全一样，所以仅仅记住答案是不可靠的，一定要结合后面的翻译把这篇文章看懂。那么这里5道题目15分必定能拿到。 然后完型填空，先说今年以前，只新增一篇完型填空，这篇完型填空必考，只是留空的位置不会完全一样，大约有40%左右的留空位置是一样，所以光背答案是没得用的，一定要把文章看熟。当然今年由于每个级别新增了2篇完型填空，那么考试的时候肯定也是2选1考一篇。这里15道题15分也很容易能拿到。3. 词汇有15道题，替换同义词，找本字典翻翻，这15分也不难，至少12分能拿到吧。其他的题能拿多少分就看各位的英语底子了。做最坏的打算，剩下的题目还有55分，按瞎蒙25%的概率能拿到13.75分，加上前面的45分大约也有58分左右，所以要完全靠瞎蒙的朋友考试前多扶扶老奶奶过马路，多积累点人品吧。 4. 以上只是投机取巧的方法，各位有时间的话还是花点时间复习下，但是考前一定要把新增的题目掌握好，就算英语底子好的朋友也起码可以节约不少考试时间。 5. 本人职称英语A\B\C级都是这样考过的，每年的规律都是一样的。从客观角度说，每年的职称英语考试书都不便宜，新增的内容也不多，如果新增的东西里面没有价值，那么那本书还有谁买？那本书可是考试中心出的， 阅读理解*第三＋八篇 "Life Form Found" on Saturn's Titan
一、职称英语阅读理解文章（理工类）译文(参加理工A、B、C级考试需要掌握文章) (3) 第一篇福特放弃电动汽车 (3) Ford Abandons Electric Vehicles (3) 第二篇世界原油产量可能提前十年达到峰值 (4) World Crude Oil Production May Peak a Decade Earlier Than Some Predict (5) 第三篇公民科学家 (5) Citizen Scientists (6) 第四篇汽车技术 (6) Motoring Technology (7) 第五篇深夜喝咖啡 (7) Late-night Drinking (8) 第六篇编制灯光 (8) Weaving with Light (9) 第七篇用糖为手机发电 (9) Sugar Power for Cell Phones (10) 第八篇引人注目的埃菲尔铁塔 (10) Eiffel Is an Eyeful (11) 第九篇埃及饱受饥饿折磨 (11) Egypt felled by famine (12) 第十篇年轻雌猩猩学习优于她们的弟兄 (12) Young Female Chimps Outlearn Their Brothers (13) 第十一篇申请个人域名的网上费用 (14) The Net Cost of Making a Name for Yourself (14) 第十二篇纳佛罗里达遭受冷气团袭击 (15) Florida Hit by Cold Air Mass (15) 第十三篇隐形环 (15) Invisibility Ring (16) 第十四篇日本用来监视醉酒司机的新型概念车 (17) Japanese Car Keeps Watch for Drunk Drivers (17) 第十五篇肋生双翅机器人学飞行 (18) Winged Robot Learns to Fly (18) 第十六篇日本人的地心旅行 (19) Japanese Drilling into Core of Earth (19) 第十七篇地球防晒霜 (20) A Sunshade for the Planet (20) 第十八篇石油匮乏 (21) Thirst for Oil (21) 第十九篇延长人类寿命 (22) Prolonging Human Life (22) 第二十篇深海探索器 (23) Explorer of the Extreme Deep (23) 第二十一篇植物，沼气的又一来源 (24) Plant Gas (24) 第二十二篇雪花 (25)
2015年全国职称英语考试理工类新增文章汇总 word版全网独一份 注：押题皇后王霞老师授意，新增文章仍然是考试热门文章，务必掌 握。 2015年职称英语教材理工类的变动比较小，一共只有5篇新增文章。2015年职称英语教材理工类新增的5篇文章，分布在阅读理解和补全短文：阅读理解理工C和理工B各新增一篇文章；补全短文理工A、B和C各新增一篇文章。完形填空理工类整体都没有新增文章。
理工C阅读理解新增文章 第九篇An Essential Scientific Process All life on the earth depends upon green plants. Using sunlight, the plants produce their own food. Then animals feed upon the plants. They take in the nutrients the plants have made and stored. But that’s not all. Sunlight also helps a plant produce oxygen. Some of the oxygen is used by the plant, but a plant usually produces more oxygen than it uses. The excess oxygen is necessary for animals and other organisms to live. The process of changing light into food and oxygen is called photosynthesis. Besides light energy from the sun, plants also use water and carbon dioxide. The water gets to the plant through its roots. The carbon dioxide enters the leaves through tiny openings called stomata. The carbon dioxide travels to chloroplasts, special cells in the bodies of green plants. This is where photosynthesis takes place. Chloroplasts contain the chlorophylls that give plants their green color. The chlorophylls are the molecules that trap light energy. The trapped light energy changes water and carbon dioxide to produce oxygen and a simple sugar called glucose. Carbon dioxide and oxygen move into and out of the stomata. Water vapor also moves out of the stomata. More than 90 percent of water a plant takes in through its roots escapes through the stomata. During the daytime, the stomata of most plants are open. This allows carbon dioxide to enter the leaves for photosynthesis. As night falls, carbon dioxide is not needed. The stomata of most plants close. Water loss stops. If photosynthesis ceased, there would be little food or other organic matter on the earth. Most organisms would disappear. The earth’s atmosphere would no longer contain oxygen. Photosynthesis is essential for life on our planet. 词汇： nutrient n.营养物 organism n.生物体，有机体 carbon dioxide n.二氧化碳 chloroplast n.叶绿体 molecule n.分子 vapor n.水蒸气 oxygen n.氧气 photosynthesis n.光合作用 chlorophyll n.叶绿素 glucose n.葡萄糖 cease v.停止 注释： 1．Then animals feed upon the plants.动物以植物为食。 练习： 1．In the first paragraph，the word “excess” means Aheavy. Bextra. Cgreen. Dliquid.
2015职称英语综合类B级真题答案(词汇选项) 第1部分词汇选项(第1~15题，每题1分，共15分) 下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定一个意义最为接近的选项。 1. The organization was bold enough to face the press. A. pleased B. powerful C. brave D .sensible 2. I will not tolerate that sort of behavior in my class. A. accept B. control C. observe D. regulate 3. I realized to my horror that I had forgotten the present. A limit B. fear C. power D. fool 4. Most people find rejection hard to accept. A. excuse B. client C. destiny D. refusal 5. She's extremely competent and industrious. A. hardworking B. honest C. objective D. independent 6. The doctors did not reveal the truth to him. A. hide B .handle C. disclose D. establish 7. He tried to assemble his thoughts. A. clear B. share C. gather D. spare 8. The law carries a penalty of up to three years in prison. A. message B. punishment C. guilt D. obligation 9. Prisoners were kept in the most appalling conditions. A. flexible B. terrible C. reasonable D. serious
职称英语《卫生A》真题及答案:概括大意 Aromatherapy(芳香疗法) 1 Aromatherapy is a form of alternative medicine which is based on the use of very concentrated essential oils from the flowers,leaves,bark,branches or roots of plants which are considered to have healing ptoperties.In aromatherapy these powerful oils are mixed with other oils,such as almond(杏仁)oil,or they are diluted(稀释)with water.These solutions(溶液剂)can be rubbed on the skin,sprayed in the air,or applied as a compress(敷药)。 2 Many people have aroatherapy massages(按摩),and depending on the treatment aperson is having,the aroatherapist will massage the oil into the hands or shoulders.The massage is smooth and flowing,as it is designed to create a sense of relaxation and calm.The sessions are tailored to the indivi dual’s health and mood at rhe time,so every session is unique. 3 Practioners of aromatherapy believe that the aroma of the essential oils directy stimulates the brain or that the oils are absorbed through the skin into the bloodstream,where they can affect the whole body and promote healing.Other claims in support of aromatherapy are that it aids digestion,imtproves the functiong of respiratory system,reduces muscular aches and pains,and promotes muscle relaxation and tone.It has also been argued that aromatherapy can improve circulation,lower blood pressure,and help combat insomia(失眠)and other stress-related disorders such as tension headaches,anxiety,and mild depression. 4 However,while aroatherapy may hace real effects that promate a sense of well-being,some tradional medicine practitioners remain doubtful about its powers.While research has confirmed that aroatherapy does have some positive
2012年度全国职称英语等级考试 理工类（A级）全真模拟试题二 第1部分：词汇选项（第1-15题，每题1分，共15分） 下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请为每处画线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项 1. He was unable to give a credible explanation for his behavior. A. workable B. convincing C. practical D. reliable 2. Smoking is banned in the building. A. listed B. forbidden C. handled D. investigated 3. I want a job with good prospects for promotion. A. advancement B. replacement C. retirement D. advertisement 4. The report was compiled from a survey of 5000 households. A. printed B. attached C. written D. sent 5. The patient showed a marked improvement in her condition after changing medication. A. great B. clear C. quick D. regular 6. Actors dressed in authentic costumes re-enact the battle. A. faithful B. royal C. genuine D. sincere 7. People who travel by rail still read an immense amount. A. immediate B. enormous C. equal D. moderate 8. He demolished my argument in minutes. A. disapproved B. disputed C. accepted D. supported 9. Polluted water sources are a hazard to wildlife. A. evidence B. danger C. case D. picture 10. Ashley gazed at him, her thoughts in turmoil. A. failure B. doubt C. confusion D. relief 11. It was an article in the local newspaper which finally spurred him into action .
第五篇Tracking Down HIV In the summer of 1980, a patient had a strange purplish spot removed from below his ear. It was Kaposi’s sarcoma, a rare form of skin cancer. This patient also had lymph node swelling and exhaustion. In November 1980, a Los Angeles immunologist examined a young man who had diseases linked to immune system malfunctions. The doctor had a T-cell count taken of the patient’s blood. T-cells are a type of white blood cell that plays a key role1 in immune responses. The patient had no helper T-cells. By the end of 1980, 55 Americans were diagnosed with infections related to immune system breakdown; four had died. A year later the death toll was 74. Intravenous drug users had T-cell abnormalities. People who had received blood transfusions showed symptoms of immune system breakdown. By July 1982, 471 cases of the disease, now called Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), had been reported; 184 people had died. In April 1984, American virologist Dr. Robert Gallo isolated the pathogen, or disease producer, responsible for2 AIDS. He called it HTLV-III. In Paris, Dr. Luc Montagnier identified a virus he called LAV. An international panel of scientists determined that both men had found the same virus. It became known as Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Blood banks began screening for HTV in 1985, but by then about 29,000 people had been infected through blood transfusions. Some 12,000 hemophiliacs had contracted HIV through blood-clotting products. By 1995, 477,900 Americans had AIDS; 295,500 had died.
2015年职称英语考试综合类B 级试题及参考答案
2015职称英语综合类B级真题答案(词汇选项) 第1部分词汇选项(第1~15题，每题1分，共15分) 下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定一个意义最为接近的选项。 1. The organization was bold enough to face the press. A. pleased B. powerful C. brave D .sensible 2. I will not tolerate that sort of behavior in my class. A. accept B. control C. observe D. regulate 3. I realized to my horror that I had forgotten the present. A limit B. fear C. power D. fool 4. Most people find rejection hard to accept. A. excuse B. client C. destiny D. refusal 5. She's extremely competent and industrious. A. hardworking B. honest C. objective D. independent 6. The doctors did not reveal the truth to him. A. hide B .handle C. disclose D. establish 7. He tried to assemble his thoughts. A. clear B. share C. gather D. spare 8. The law carries a penalty of up to three years in prison. A. message B. punishment C. guilt D. obligation 9. Prisoners were kept in the most appalling conditions. A. flexible B. terrible C. reasonable D. serious
Alaska阿拉斯加 In 1858 Americans welcomed Alaska into the Union as the 49th state，symbolizing a change of attitude that hold in 1867，when the peninsula was purchased from Russia. 1959年美国人欢迎阿拉斯加成为美国的第49个州，这表明美国人的态度与1867年刚把这个半岛从俄罗斯手中买来时的态度相比有了转变。Then，most Americans had little interest in 1，500，000 square kilometers "of icebergs and polar bear"-beyond Canada s western borders，far from the settled areas of the United States.那个时候，大多数美国人对这块150万平方公里冰山和北极熊的土地不感兴趣。它在加拿大的那一头，远离美国有人居住的地区。 In those sections of the state which lie above the Arctic Circle，Alaska still is a land of icebergs and polar bear.阿拉斯加州在北极圈里的部分仍旧是冰山和北极熊出没的地方。Ice buried in the earth，which is permanently frozen to a depth of 90 or more meters.巨大的冰块被埋在地下，这里永久的冻土层有90米或者更深。From early May until early August，the midnight sun never sets on this flat，treeless region，but the sun cannot melt the icy soil more than two-thirds of a meter down.从5月初到8月初，午夜的太阳从不离开这个平
2020年职称英语新增文章：教材理工类第六篇 第六篇 The Apgar Test The baby was bom at 3：36 p. m. At 3：37，she scored 4 out of 10 on her first test. At 3：41，she scored 8 out of 10. The doctor was glad. Another baby, bom at 8：24 p. m.，scored 3 out of 10 on his first test He scored 4 out of 10 on his second test. He took another test at 8：34 and scored 5. 1 He called for help1. These newborn babies took a test called the Apgar test. This test helps doctors diagnose problems. 2 Most babies take two tests. The first is at 1 minute after birth, and the second is at 5 minutes after birth. If a baby’s score at 5 minutes is less than 6，the baby takes another test at 10 minutes after birth. The Apgar t est is not an intelligence test. It’s a test that shows a baby’s health right after it is bom. The Apgar test measures things such as a baby’s color, heart rate, and breathing. The test has five parts, and the score for each part can be 0，1，or 2. 3
2015年职称英语《综合类A级》真题及答案 第一部分：词汇选项(第1-15题。每题1分，共15分) 下面每个句子中有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。 1.This was disaster on a comic scale. A.medest https://www.doczj.com/doc/761371371.html,mercial C.huge D.national 【参考答案】C 2.New secretaries came and went with monotonous regularity. A.amazing B.depressing C.predictable D.dull 【参考答案】D 3.A person's wealth is ofen in inverse proportion to their happiness. A.equal B.certain https://www.doczj.com/doc/761371371.html,rge D.oppsite 【参考答案】D 4.His professional career spanned 16years. A.started B.changed https://www.doczj.com/doc/761371371.html,sted
D.moved 【参考答案】C 5.The symptoms of the disease manfested themselves ten days later. A.eased B.improved C.relieved D.appeared 【参考答案】D 6.The group does not advocate the use of violence A.limit B.support C.regulate D.oppose 【参考答案】B 7.She tell that she had done her good deed for the day. A.act B.homework C.jusuce D.model 【参考答案】A 8.Some of the larget bieds can remain stationary in the air for several minutes. A.motionless B.sitent C.seated D.true
职称英语考试/模拟试题 2016职称英语综合类概括大意练习题与 答案(5) Recreation and Sports "All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy" is a popular saying in the United States. Other countries have similar sayings. It is true that all of us need recreation. We cannot work all the time if we are going to maintain good health and enjoy life. Good physical and mental health in fact enables us to work more efficiently. Everyone has his own way of relaxing .Perhaps the most popular way is to participate in sports. There are team sports, such as baseball, basketball, and football. There are individual sports, also, such as golf and swimming. In addition, hiking, fishing, siding and mountain climbing have a great attraction for people who like to be outdoors. Chess, card-playing , and dancing are forms of indoor recreation enjoyed by many people. Not everyone who enjoys sporting events likes to participate in them. Many people
2012年职称英语考试样题及答案
附录一： 2011年全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试 各专业类别及各等级样题及答案 第1部分：词汇选项 (第1～15题，每题l分，共1 5分) 下面共有l5个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择l个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。 l There are a limited number of books on this subject in the library. A large B total C small D similar 2 How do you account for your absence from the class last Thursday? A explain B examine C choose D expand 3 They had a far better yield than any other farm miles around this year. A goods B soil C climate D harvest 4 The town is famous for its magnificent church
towers. A ancient B old C modern D splendid 5 Have you got a spare pen? A a short B an extra C a thin D a long 6 What were the consequences of the decision she had made? A reasons B results C causes D bases 7 They didn't realize how serious the problem was. A know B forget C doubt D remember 8 We shall keep the money in a secure place. A clean B secret C distant D safe 9 The great changes of the city astonished every visitor to that city. A attacked B surprised C attracted D interested 10 The city has decided to do away with all the old buildings in its centre. A get rid of B set up
Real World Robots When you think of a robot, do you envision a shiny, metallic devi ce having the same general shape as a human being, performin g humanlike functions, and responding to your questions i n a monotone voice accentuated by high-pitched tones and beeps? This is the way many of us imagine a robot, bu t in the real world, a robot is not humanoid at all. Instead a r obot often is a voiceless, box-shaped machine that efficien tly carries out repetitive or dangerous functions usually performed by huma ns. T o d a y’ s robot is more than an automatic machine that performs one t ask again and again. A modern robot is programmed with varyin g degrees of artificial intelligence— that is, a robot contains a computer program that tell s it how to perform tasks associated with human intelligence, such as reasoning,drawing conclusions, and learning from past experience. A robot does not posses s a human shape for the simple reason that a two-legged robot has great difficulty remaining balanced. A robot does, however, move from place to place on wheels and axles that roll and rotate. A
第1部分：词汇选项（第1?15题，每题1分，共15分） 下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。 1. I will not tolerate that sort of behavior in my class. A. control B. observe C. regulate D. accept 2.She showed a natural aptitude for the work. A. sense B. talent C. flavor D. taste 3. Most people find rejection hard to accept. A. excuse B. client C. refusal D. destiny 4. The organization was bold enough to face the press. A. pleased B. powerful C. brave D. sensible 5.They were locked in mortal combat. A. deadly B. open C. actual D. active 6. We were attracted by the lure of quick money. A. amount B. supply C. tempt D. sum 7. The procedures were perceived as complex and less transparent. A. clear B. necessary C. special D. correct 8. The Stock Exchange is in turmoil following a huge wave of selling. A. service B. danger C. disorder D. threat 9. He believes that Europe must change or it will perish. A. survive B. last C. die D. move 10.There was a simultaneous trial taking place in the next building. A. fair B. full C. coexisting D. public 11. They promote assimilation of ethnic groups into the main-stream culture. A. policy B. value C. equality D. integration 12. A salesman?s cardinal rule is to satisfy customers. A. principal B. official C. simple D. legal 13. I must compliment you on your handling of a very difficult situation. A. silence B. praise C. assure D. complain 14. We lived for years in a perpetual state of fear. A. emotional B. nervous C. terrible D. continuous 15.The starving children were a pathetic sight. A. common B. unexpected C. unforgettable D. pitiful 第2部分：阅读判断（第16?22题，每题1分，共7分） 下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断；如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。 Cities “Worse to Live in Than 20 Years Ago One thousand people were surveyed about a range of issues which affect cities, and the remarkable findings show that life in today?s mega-cities is so stressful that at least two-thirds of those currently living in big cities would like to relocate to the countryside or a small town. The stress of the getting from A to B in big cities is at the top of the list of problems. For many people, the daily commute (通勤）to work is a source of frustration. 40% of the people in the survey have suffered from road rage while stuck in traffic on the way to work. The cost of public