2015年职称英语考试文章及译文(理工类概括大意)

Mobile PhonesMobile phones should carry a label if they proved1to be a dangerous source of radiation,according to Robert Bell,a scientist.And no more mobile phone transmitter towers should be built until the long-term health effects of the electromagnetic radiation they emit are scientifically evaluated,he said.“Nobody’s going to drop dead overnight2 but we should be asking for more scientific information，”Robert Bell said at a conference on the health effects of low-level radiation.____1____A report widely circulated among the public says that up to now scientists do not really know enough to guarantee there are no ill-effects on humans from electromagnetic radiation. According to Robert Bell,there are3.3million mobile phones in Australia alone and they are increasing by2,000a day3. ____2____As well,there are2,000transmitter towers around Australia,many in high density residential areas5. ____3____The electromagnetic radiation emitted from these towers may have already produced some harmful effects on the health of the residents nearby.Robert Bell suggests that until more research is completedthe Government should ban construction of phone towers from within a500metre radius of school grounds,child care centres, hospitals,sports playing fields and residential areas with a high percentage of children.____4____He adds that there is also evidence that if cancer sufferers are subjected to electromagnetic waves the growth rate of the disease accelerates.____5____According to Robert Bell,it is reasonable for the major telephone companies to fund it.Besides,he also urges the Government to set up a wide-ranging inquiry into possible health effects.注释：1.动词prove用的是过去式形式proved,这是一种虚拟语气表示假设的用法。

概括大意文章及译文第六篇 How we form first impression我们是如何形成第一印象的对刚刚遇到的人我们都会有第一印象，为什么？除去一些描述或显而易见的特征，我们很可能对他们一无所知，那为什么我们他们形成主观的看法呢？这与你的大脑如何感知世界是息息相关的。

大脑对面部特征十分敏感，即使是在眼睛、耳朵或嘴部的位置的差异也会使大脑察觉到这个人是“不同的”。

实际上，大脑一直在不断地对接收到的感官信息——也就是影像和声音——进行处理。

大脑将这些“信号”与储存在脑皮层系统的大量“记忆” 相比较，以便确定这些新收到的信号的“意思”。

如果你在学校看到某个你认识而且喜欢的人，你的大脑会做出“熟悉安全”的判断；如果你看见了一个陌生的人，你的大脑会告诉你“陌生，有潜在的威胁”。

紧接着你的大脑会开始将这个陌生人的特征与“已知”的记忆进行比较。

包括身高、体重、穿着、种族、手势以及音调等。

特征越不相符，大脑越会告诫你，“这是陌生人，我不喜欢这个人”，或“我很好奇”。

大脑也可能观察到一张新面孔，但却有着熟悉的穿着、种族特征和手势——像你的朋友，这时大脑会告诉你“我喜欢这个人”。

但这些第一印象却可能是完全错误的。

当区分人时，我们会用一种不成熟的思维方式（与小孩子的那些不成熟的想法没区别）去对别人做出简单并且绝对性的判断。

（这样的后果是）我们将人区分为蠢货、反常的人或怪人，而不是对人的深度和广度，即历史、兴趣、价值、长处或真正的性格有所了解。

但是，如果对刻板印象加以抑制，我们就会有机会对一个人有真正的了解。

如果我们花一些时间与一个人在一起，倾听他或她的生活、希望和梦想，了解了这个人的性格，我们才会用一种不同的、更成熟的方式——用脑皮层中最复杂的区域——去思考。

这会使我们更富有人情味。

7- How to Argue with Your Boss 怎样与老板争论在你与老板争论以前，先去老板秘书那里问一下老板的情绪，如果他情绪很糟，去向他提要求可不是一个好主意。

2015年职称英语考试理工类教材对比2015年新版职称英语教材新增文章系列之理工类阅读理解第二十二篇Real World RobotsWhen you think of a robot, do you envision a shiny, metallic device having the same general shape as a human being, performing humanlike functions, and responding to your questions in a monotone voice accentuated by high-pitched tones and beeps? This is the way many of us imagine a robot, but in the real world, a robot is not humanoid at all. Instead a robot often is a voiceless,box-shaped machine that efficiently carries out repetitive or dangerous functions usually performed by humans. Today’s robot is more than an automatic machine that performs one task again and again.A modern robot is programmed with varying degrees of artificial intelligence—that is, a robot contains a computer program that tells it how to perform tasks associated with human intelligence, such as reasoning, drawing conclusions, and learning from past experience.A robot does not possess a human shape for the simple reason that a two-legged robot has great difficulty remaining balanced. A robot does, however, move from place to place on wheels and axles that roll and rotate. A robot even has limbs that swivel and move in combination with joints and motors. To find its way in its surroundings1, a robot utilizes various built-in sensors. Antennae attached to the robot’s base detect anything they bump into. If the robot starts to teeter as it moves on an incline, a gyroscope or a pendulum inside it senses the vertical differential. To determine its distance from an object and how quickly it will reach the object，the robot bounces beams of laser light and ultrasonic sound waves off obstructions in its path2. These and other sensors constantly feed information to the computer, which then analyzes the information and corrects or adjusts the robot’s actions. As science and technology advance, the robot too will progress in its functions and use of artificial-intelligence programs.【词汇】envision v. 想象，预想device n. 装置accentuate v. 强调，重读artificial intelligence n. 人工智能limb n. 臂antennae n. 天线incline v. 倾斜pendulum n. 钟摆ultrasonic adj. 超声的metallic adj. 金属的monotone n. 单调的humanoid adj. 像人的axle n. 轮轴rotate v. 旋转swivel n. 旋转teeter v. 摇晃gyroscope n. 陀螺仪，回转仪vertical n. 直立的【注释】1．To find its way in its surroundings...：为了在周围找到路……2．the robot bounces beams of laser light and ultrasonic sound waves off obstructions in its path：机器人发射激光束和超声波，反射到障碍物上（以此来探知路径）。

概括大意与完成句子(第23～30题，每题1分，共8分)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1、3、4、6段每段选择1个正确的小标题;(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。

请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上Alaska1In1868Americans welcomed Alaska into the Union as the 49th state,symbolizing a change of attitude from that held in 1867,when the peninsula was purchased from Russia.Then,most Americans had little interest in1,500,000square kilometers “of icebergs and polar bears”—beyond Canada's western borders,far from the settled areas of the United States.2In those sections of the state which lie above the Arctic Circle,Alaska still is a land of icebergs and polar bears.Ice masses lie buried in the earth,which is permanently frozen to a depth of90or more meters.From early May until early August, the midnight sun never sets on this flat,treeless region,but the sun cannot melt the icy soil more than two-thirds of a meter down.3Alaska is America's largest state,but only about 325,000people live there.According to estimates,800,000 hectares of its land area are fit for plowing but only about640,000hectares are being cultivated.4Arctic Alaska has been the home of Eskimos for countless centuries.It is believed that the Eskimos moved there from Mongolia or Siberia,probably crossing Bering Strait,named for Vitus Bering,the Danish sea captain who discovered Alaska on his voyage for Russia in1741.The Eskimos are the state's earliest known inhabitants.Russian fur traders established settlements but,by the time Alaska was sold to the United States,most of the traders had departed.5In1896gold was discovered near the Klondike River in Canada just across the Alaskan border.Thousands of Americans rushed to the region on their way to Klondike;some never returned.Alaska was never completely cut off again,although even today transportation is a major problem.There are only two motor routes from the U.S.mainland,and within the state, every town has its own airfield.Planes fly passengers,mail and freight to the most distant villages.6The gold that changed life so suddenly for Alaska was soon ended,and although many stories about mining camps have become part of American literature,the gold from Alaskan earth contributed less to economic progress than the fish from Alaskan waters.The fish caught in a single year range in valuefrom$80million to$90million.Fur-bearing animals are plentiful in the forests and streams,and valuable fur seals inhabit the waters.After fishing,the state's chief industry is lumber and the production of wood pulp.In recent years, Alaska's single most important resource has become oil.The state also has large deposits of coal,copper,gold and other minerals.23Paragraph3_________24Paragraph4_________25Paragraph5_________26Paragraph6_________A Rich resources of the stateB Connections with the outside worldC Transportation problemD The natives of the landE Cold climateF Land and population27For as long as three months of a year,the sun _________on the ice-covered land of Alaska.28According to statistics,_________of the total area of Alaska has been used for farming.29Alaska was originally part of Russia,but was bought _________30Gold did not bring to Alaska as much wealth_________A as fish doesB because of its rich natural resourcesC by the United States in the19th centuryD shines day and nightE only a very small percentageF a limited amount of the gold found there概括大意与完成句子(第23～30题，每题1分，共8分)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1、3、4、6段每段选择1个正确的小标题;(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。

2015年职称英语理工类新增文章含翻译阅读理解第九篇An Essential Scientific ProcessAll life on the earth depends upon green plants. Using sunlight, the plants produce their own food. Then animals feed upon the plants. They take in the nutrients the plants have made and stored. But that’s not all. Sunlight also helps a plant produce oxygen. Some of the ox ygen is used by the plant, but a plant usually produces more oxygen than it uses. The excess oxygen is necessary for animals and other organisms to live.The process of changing light into food and oxygen is called photosynthesis. Besides light energy from the sun, plants also use water and carbon dioxide. The water gets to the plant through its roots. The carbon dioxide enters the leaves through tiny openings called stomata. The carbon dioxide travels to chloroplasts, special cells in the bodies of green plants. This is where photosynthesis takes place. Chloroplasts contain the chlorophylls that give plants their green color. The chlorophylls are the molecules that trap light energy. The trapped light energy changes water and carbon dioxide to produce oxygen and a simple sugar called glucose.Carbon dioxide and oxygen move into and out of the stomata. Water vapor also moves out of the stomata. More than 90 percent of water a plant takes in through its roots escapes through the stomata. During the daytime, the stomata of most plants are open. This allows carbon dioxide to enter the leaves for photosynthesis. As night falls, carbon dioxide is not needed. The stomata of most plants close. Water loss stops.If photosynthesis ceased, there would be little food or other organic matter on the earth. Most organisms would disappear. Th e earth’s atmosphere would no longer contain oxygen. Photosynthesis is essential for life on our planet.词汇：nutrient n.营养物organism n.生物体，有机体carbon dioxide n.二氧化碳chloroplast n.叶绿体molecule n.分子vapor n.水蒸气oxygen n.氧气photosynthesis n.光合作用chlorophyll n.叶绿素glucose n.葡萄糖cease v.停止注释：1．Then animals feed upon the plants.动物以植物为食。

第一篇More Than 8 Hours Sleep Too Much of a Good Thing每晚只需8小时，睡眠过多非益事1Although the dangers of too little sleep are widely known, new research suggests that people who sleep too much may also suffer the consequences.2Investigators at the University of California in San Diego found that people who clock up1 9 or 10 hours each weeknight appear to have more trouble falling and staying asleep, as well as a number of other sleep problems, than people who sleep 8 hours a night People who slept only 7 hours each night also said they had more trouble falling asleep and feeling refreshed after a night‘s sleep than 8-hour sleepers.2睡眠不足带来的危害已经广为人知，而一项新的研究表明睡眠过多同样会使人们产生不良后果。

圣地亚哥加利福尼亚大学的研究人员发现在入睡、保持睡眠等方面，每晚睡眠9或10小时的人比睡8小时的人存在更多问题。

而每晚仅睡7小时的人则表示，他们在入睡及休息后精力恢复程度上不及8小时睡眠者。

3These findings, which Dr Daniel Kripke reported in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine3, demonstrate that people who want to get a good night‘s rest may not need to set aside4 more than 8 hours a night He added that ―it might be a good idea‖ for people who sleep more than 8 hours each night to consider reducing the amount of time they spend in bed, but cautioned that more research is needed to confirm this.4Previous studies have shown the potential dangers of chronic shortages of sleep — for instance, one report demonstrated that people who habitually sleep less than 7 hours each night have a higher risk of dying within a fixed period than people who sleep more.Daniel Kripke博士在《心身医学》杂志上报告的这些新发现表明，人们如果想晚上休息好，每天留给睡眠的时间只需8小时。

理工A补全短文新增文章：+第十三篇Affectionate Androids深情的机器人Computers are now powerful enough to allow the age of humanoid robots to dawn1. And it won’t be long before we will see realistic cyber companions, complete with skin, dexterity, and intelligence. They will be programmed to tend to your every need.计算机技术已经足够成熟，能够支持人形机器人的诞生和普及，进入人形机器人的时代。

那些有着人类的皮肤、敏捷性、智力的机器人，已经离我们不远了。

它们将被设计成能满足我们所有的需求。

Will we ever want to marry robots? Artificial intelligence researcher David Levy has published a book claiming human-robot relationships will become popular in the next few decades. And if you want to go ahead and tie the knot with your special electronic friend，Levy said that such marriages will be socially acceptable by around 2050.（1）我们会不会想和机器人结婚呢？人工智能研究人员大卫莱维曾出版过一本书，在书中，他认为，人与机器之间的交流在几十年内将会变得很常见，而如果你想和你的特别的电子朋友恋爱结婚，莱维认为，这种婚姻关系将在2050年左右得到社会认可。

2015年职称英语（理工类）A级真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. 词汇选项 2. 阅读判断 3. 概括大意与完成句子 4. 阅读理解 5. 补全短文6. 完形填空词汇选项(第1-15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。

1．I will not tolerate that sort of behavior in my class.A．controlB．observeC．regulateD．accept正确答案：D解析：我将不能忍受我们的班级中出现那种行为。

画线单词tolerate意为“忍受,容忍”。

A项control意为“控制”；B项observe意为“观察”；C项regulate 意为“调整,控制”；D项accept意为“同意,接受”,“接受”也就等同于能“容忍”,可以替换画线单词。

2．She showed a natural aptitude for the work.A．senseB．talentC．flavorD．taste正确答案：B解析：她显示出天生就具有适合于那项工作的才能。

画线单词aptitude意为“资质,才能”。

A项sense意为“意义,道理”；B项talent意为“才能,天资”,与画线单词同义；C项navor意为“特点,韵味”；D项taste意为“味觉,风味”。

故本题故选B。

3．Most people find rejection hard to accept.A．excuseB．clientC．destinyD．refusal正确答案：D解析：大多数人认为,拒绝是很难接受的。

画线单词rejection意为“拒绝”。

A项excuse意为“理由,借口”；B项client意为“顾客,当事人”；D项refusal意为“拒绝”,与画线单词同义；C项destiny意为“命运,天数”。

故本题故选D。

2015年职称英语《理工A》真题及答案(完整文字版)第1 页：词汇选项第2 页：阅读判断第3 页：概括大意与完成句子第4 页：阅读理解第一篇第5 页：阅读理解第二篇第6 页：阅读理解第三篇第7 页：补全短文第8 页：完形填空第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1. I will not?tolerate?that sort of behavior in my class.A. controlB. observeC. regulateD. Accept【答案】D2. She showed a natural?aptitude?for the work.A. senseB. talentC. flavorD. Taste【答案】B【解析】aptitude 天赋have a aptitude for=have a gift /talent for3. Most people find?rejection?hard to accept.A. excuseB. clientC. refusalD. Destiny【答案】C4. The organization was?bold?enough to face the press.A. pleasedB. powerfulC. braveD. Sensible【答案】C5. They were locked in?mortal?combat.A. deadlyB. openC. actualD. Active【答案】A【解析】A.deadly 致死的;B.open打开的;C.actual实在的;D.Active积极的。

mortal致命的、致死的;immortal 不朽的题干：他们被锁起来进行致命的战争。

6. We were attracted by the?lure?of quick money.A. amountB. supplyC. temptD. Sum【答案】C7. The procedures were perceived as complex and less?transparent.A. clearB. necessaryC. specialD. Correct【答案】A【解析】A.clear清楚的;B.necessary必要的;C.special特殊的;D.Correct正确的transparent 明显的、显然的题干：这些过程被认为是复杂的且没有那么清楚的。

概括大意与完成句子 5.7第五篇：LED Lighting发光二极管1An accidental意外的discovery announce d宣布recently has taken LED lighting to a new level, suggest ing显示it could soon offer a cheaper, longer-lasting alternative供选装的to the traditional传统light bulb灯泡. The breakthrough突破adds to增加a growing trend that is likely to eventually最终make Thomas Edison's bright invention1 obsolete.LEDs are already used in traffic lights, flashlights, and architectural lighting. They are flexible灵活and operate less expensively than traditional lighting.日前公布的一项意外发现将发光二极管的研究推向新的高潮。

这项研究显示，发光二极管与传统的电灯泡比起来，可能会更廉价、使用更持久。

这项重大突破使人们看到，未来的趋势很可能是，爱迪生的发明将逐渐失去它的价值。

目前发光二极管已被用于交通信号灯、手电筒和建筑照明，他们跟传统的电灯比起来更灵活，操作成本更低廉。

2Michael Bowers, a graduate student2 at Vanderbilt University, was just trying to make really small quantum dot s点（注释3可分析出）, which are crystals generally普通only a few nanometers微毫米big. Quantum dots contain anywhere from 100 to 1,000 electrons3. They're easily excite d激起bundles束of energy, and the smaller they are, the more excited they get. Each dot in Bowers' particular特别的batch was exceptionally特别的small, containing包含only 33 or 34 pairs of atoms.Vanderbilt大学的一名研究生 Michael Bowers正试图制造出一种非常小的量子点。