辽宁省凤城市第一中学2020学年高二英语12月月考试题
答题时间：100分钟满分：150分
第一部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分35分）
第一节（共10小题；每小题2.5分，满分25分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
The Nobel Prize in Physics has been awarded to a woman for the first time in 55 years, and for only the third time in its history.
Donna Strickland, a Canadian physicist, was awarded the 2020 prize together with Gérard Mourou, from France, for their work on generating high-intensity, ultra-short optical pulses(超短光脉冲). They share the award with an American, Arthur Ashkin, who at 96 becomes the oldest Nobel Laureate, for developing “optical tweezers.”
Both inventions had "revolutionized laser physics," the Royal Swedish Academy said. The announcement comes a day after a senior scientist at CERN was suspended(暂停) for saying that physics was invented and built by men.
Strickland said the achievements of women scientists deserved recognition. "We need to celebrate women physicists because we’re out there. I’m honored to be one of those women," Strickland said by video link at a news conference following the announcement in Stockholm.
Marie Curie was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903, recognized for her co-discovery of radiation, followed by Maria Goeppert-Mayer in 1963 for discoveries about nuclear structure.
Strickland said she thought there might have been more than three physics laureates, adding: "Hopefully, in time, it will start to move forward at a
faster rate."
Strickland and Mourou’s development of very short and intense laser pulses, known as "chirped pulse amplification," have made it possible to cut or drill holes in materials and living matter incredibly precisely. The technology they pioneered has led to corrective eye operations for millions of people.
21. How many times have women won the Nobel Prize in Physics?
A. One
B. Three
C. Two
D. Never
22. Who was the oldest person winning the Nobel Prize?
A. Donna Strickland
B. Gérard Mourou
C. Arthur Ashkin
D. Marie Curie
23. What has Strickland and Mourou’s technology be en applied to?
A. Making robots
B. Making laser products
C. Making vehicles
D. Eye operations
B
Brian Greene, a professor of physics and mathematics at Columbia University, has created an online science education platform. He tries to "build a bridge" with things you know about, and then "bring you across that bridge to the strange place of modern physics."
Recently I had a chance to ask Greene about wormholes (a hole which some scientists think might exist, connecting parts of space and time that are not usually connected), time travel and other mysteries of the universe. I asked him a million-dollar question: What if I went through a wormhole and prevented my parents from meeting? "Most of us believe that the universe makes sense," Greene said. Although there are several interesting theories about time travel, he added, the laws of physics would probably prevent something so illogical from taking place. The good news is that the time paradox（悖论） is open for future physicists to solve.
When asked how physics could become more exciting for kids, Greene said that books by Stephen Weinberg, Leonard Susskind, and other physicists, "make it a great time for people who want to learn about big ideas but aren't yet ready, perhaps, to learn math."
When I pointed out that some students still might find physics boring, Greene said that the key is to teach them about things that are strange. "The basic stuff is important," Greene said. "But I think it's really important to also describe the more modern ideas, things like black holes and the Big Bang. If kids have those ideas in mind, then at least some of them will be excited to learn all the details．"
Greene has followed Albert Einstein's lead in trying to solve the mysteries of the universe. Now he wants kids to do the same. As Greene said, physics is "not just a matter of solving problems in an exam." It's about experimenting, showing an interest in strange phenomena（现象）-- and having fun!
24. A million-dollar question in paragraph 2 is probably very ________ . .
A . direct B. difficult C. personal D. long
25. The books by Weinberg and Susskind __________ .
A. are boring to read
B. are mainly about math
C. are popular science books
D.are only popular among kids
26. According to Paragraph 4, which of the following does Greene agree with?
A .Modern physics is a boring subject.
B. Interest plays an important role in studying.
C. It is not necessary to learn all about physics.
D. It is easy to describe black holes and the Big Bang.
27. In the last paragraph, Greene hopes that____________ .
A. kids can love science and physics
B. kids can do well in physics exams
C. kids can have fun with experiments
D. kids can find more strange things in life
C
In the early times, the music industry was terrified of taping, thinking that customers would just copy music, or record from the radio. But that never really happened, at least not enough to cause any real hardship to anyone in the music business.
The same argument arose over technologies like miniDisc and recordable CDs. But the thing that terrified the music industry more than anything else was the arrival of services like Napster, which allowed people to share music over the Internet without costing them anything. The music industry was shocked: it saw people exchanging digital copies that didn’t degrade（降级）with each transfer, something that kept tapes from being a huge threat. But it wasn't the Internet that killed the music industry. In fact, everything is still looking optimistic for many musicians. Taylor Swift has had a good year, and her latest album is likely to be making her very wealthy indeed. And that won’t change in all likelihood, not for Swift, and not for those who come after her. There is always going to be public demand for music. However, the technology will simply destroy the record company. The reason is simple. Record companies are a man in the middle that simply doesn’t need to exist anymore. The same way we buy our flights directly did get our shopping online and have things delivered from Amazon instead of going to a local shop. We have always been willing to enjoy cost reductions at the expense of the middleman and the record companies are that kind of middleman.
What does the record industry offer? Well, surprisingly little these days. It used to be the case that record companies would go and find new talents. Of course this still happens, but more likely is that an artist will be discovered by the public through YouTube, or even from friends on Facebook or Twitter. Record companies also used to have an important role in producing the music. But countless artists are making their own way through software or any of the other amazing music development apps, without any help from the record companies.
28.Why didn’t tape copying become a serious danger to the music industry?
A. It was hard to transfer.
B. It was strictly controlled.
C. It didn’t save much money.
D. It was replaced by miniDisc and recordable CDs.
29.The example of Taylor Swift is used to prove that______.
A. the demand for music is on the increase due to the Internet
B. the sales of albums are badly affected by the Internet
C. the Internet doesn’t have a destructive effect on the music industry
D. the musicians make a great fortune via the Internet
30.The record companies will suffer most because________.
A. they are in the middle way and block the development of the music industry.
B. the record industry can offer nothing to us
C. people prefer to cut down the expenses at the cost of the record companies
D. the public pay more attention to Facebook or Twitter
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Earthquakes are common incidents, rumbling(隆隆声)below the earth's surface thousands of times every day. 31 Here are some things to do to prepare for a big earthquake and what to do once the ground starts shaking. Safety tips
●___32___Such a plan can make you become prepared and keep calm.
●Consult a professional to learn how to make your home stronger.
●Locate a place in each room of the house that you can go to in case of
an earthquake. It should be a spot where nothing is likely to fall on you.
●Prepare some food and other necessary tools. Keep supply of canned food
and 3 gallons of water per person. __33____
●Know how to turn off your gas and water pipes.
If shaking begins
●Drop down. Take cover under a desk or table and hold on.
●__34__Stay away from bookcases or furniture that can fall on you. Stay
away from windows. In a high-rise building, expect the fire alarms and sprinklers to go off during a quake. If you are in bed, hold on and stay there, protecting your head with a pillow. If you're in the kitchen, move away from the refrigerator, stove, and overhead cupboards.
●If you are outdoors, find a clear spot. ___35__ If you're on a sidewalk
near the building, duck into a doorway to protect yourself from falling bricks, glass, plaster(灰泥), and other debris（碎片）.
●If you are in a car, slow down and drive to a clear place. Avoid overpasses,
power lines, and other dangerous things. Stay inside the vehicle until the shaking is over.
A. If you're in a wheelchair, stay in it.
B. Have an earthquake readiness plan.
C. But big earthquakes are less common.
D. Stay indoors until the shaking stops and you're sure it's safe to exit.
E. Don't try to leave until the shaking is over, and then leave in a calm, orderly manner.
F. Move quickly to a clear area away from trees, signs, buildings, electrical wires, and poles.
G. Keep an up-to-date first aid tools, dust masks, and a battery-operated radio and flashlights.
第二部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答
题卡上将该项涂黑。
A woman professor was giving a lesson to her students on 36 management. As she raised a glass of water, everyone in the class 37 they would be asked the “half-empty or half-full” question. 38 , that was not the case. With a smile on her face, she asked the students, “How much do you think this glass of water weighs?”
Answers called out 39 from eight to twenty ounces (盎司).
She quieted the students down and then replied, “The absolute weight doesn’t 40 . But it counts how long you hold it. If I hold it for a minute,
it is OK. If I hold it for an hour, I will have an ache in my 41 . If I hold it for a day, my arm will feel numb. In each case, the 42 of the glass of water doesn’t change, but the 43 I hold it, the heavier it becomes. Why?”
Lost in 44 , all the students kept silent and listened to the professor carefully.
“Our stresses and 45 in life are like that glass of water. If we
46 our burdens all the time, sooner or later, we will feel exhausted, even unable to 47 .”
48 you have to do is put all your burdens down, as 49 in the evening as possible. Don’t carry them through the evening into the n ight; by doing this, we can get 50 next morning and are 51 to move forward.
More often than not, life gets terrible when we 52 too much. And the moment you 53 your burdens, you’ll find yourself feeling so much more relaxed.
So rather than being upset and feeling 54 for yourself, start doing something about it. After all, life is too short to 55 yourself to anything that is not making you happy.
36. A. class B. emotion C. time D. stress
37. A. suspected B. expected C. convinced D. argued
38. A. However B. Meanwhile C. Anyhow D. Somehow
39. A. ranged B. responded C. read D. exchanged
40. A. exist B. change C. matter D. increase
41. A. head B. arm C. leg D. stomach
42. A. shape B. position C. weight D. volumn
43. A. better B. sooner C. longer D.
further
44. A. fantasy B. thought C. occurrence D. discussion
45. A. doubts B. joys C. amazement D. worries
46. A. cover B. carry C. hide D. convey
47. A. get across B. work out C. carry on D. catch on
48. A. Something B. All C. That D. Anything
49. A. discreetly B. naturally C. quickly D. early
50. A. refreshed B. entertained C. depressed D. annoyed
51. A. able B. anxious C. passive D. ambitious
52. A. fear B. think C. bear D. get
53. A. catch up with B. look down on C. 1et go of D. put up with
54. A. arbitrary B. sorry C. disappointed D. greedy
55. A. assist B. treat C. drive D. abandon
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
We are all busy talking about and 56 (use) the Internet, but how many of us know __57__ history of the Internet?
Many people are 58 (surprise) when they find that the Internet was not set up in the 1960s.At that time, computers were large 59 expensive. Computer networks didn’t work well. If one computer in the network broke 60_ , then the whole network stopped. So a new network system had to be set up. It should be good enough to be used by many different computers. If part of the network was working, information could be sent 61 another part. In this way the computer network system would keep on 62. (work) all the time.
The Internet was only used by the government in the 1960s, but in the early 1970s, universities, hospitals and banks___63____ (allow) to use it too. However, computers were still very expensive and the Internet was difficult to use.By the start of 1990s, computers became cheaper and easier to use. Scientists had also developed software that made “surfing” the Internet more 64 (convenience).
Today it is easy to get online and it is said that millions of people use the Internet every day. 65 (send) emails is more and more popular among students.
The Internet has now become one of the most important parts of people’s life.
第三部分：写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节：应用文写作（15分）
假定你是李华，将去纽约交流学习，得知当地博物馆要举行中国传统服装展，正在招募志愿者。请写一封申请信，内容包括：
1.写信目的； 2、个人特长； 3、期待回复。
注意：1、词数80左右。 2、可适当增减细节
____________________________________________________________________ __
第二节：概要写作（25分）根据短文内容写出60字左右的概要
How to Be Happier
Most people want to be happy, but few know how to find happiness. Money and success alone do not bring lasting happiness. Aristotle, a Greek thinker, said, “Happiness depends on ourselves” In other words, we make our own happiness. Here are a few suggestions to help you be happier.
The first secret of happiness is to enjoy the simple things in life. Too often, we spend so much time thinking about the future. For example, getting into college or getting a good job that we fail to enjoy the present. You should enjoy life’s simple pleasures, such as reading a book, listening to your favorite music, or spending time with close friends. People who have several close friends often live happier and healthier lives.
Another secret to living a happy life is to be active. Many people go dancing or play sports. People can forget about their problems and only think about the activities.
Finally, many people find happiness in helping others. Studies show that people feel good when they spend their time helping others. If you want to feel happier, do good things for someone. You can help a friend with his or her studies, go shopping to buy goods for an elderly person, or simply help out around the house by washing the dishes.
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答案
阅读理解
（A）BCD (B). B C B A （C）ACC
七选五：
CBGDF
完形填空
36—40 DBAAC 41—45 BCCBD 46—50 BCBDA 51—55 ABCBD
语法填空：
56. using 57. the 58.surprised 59. and 60. down 61. through 62. working 63. were allowed 64. convenient 65. Sending
应用文
Dear Sir or Madam,
Knowing that an exhibition of traditional Chinese clothing is to be held in a local museum, I’m writing to you to work as a voluntee r.
First, I’m interested in clothing design and know much about the costume features of different dynasties. Besides, being a fluent English speaker, I can help introduce the Chinese traditional culture to the visitors. Most importantly, I worked as a volunteer in one exhibition held one year ago, which made me gain much experience.
I’d appreciate it if you could take my application into consideration. Looking forward to your reply.
概要写作：
According to the passage,many people don’t know how to get happy. But
there are three helpful suggestions that can make you find happiness.First, enjoying simple pleasures in life helps people to focus on and enjoy the present. Besides, being active helps people forget about worries. Finally, it is helping others that can make people feel good.