第一讲、夯实基础，掌握句子结构。
我们的目标是：坚决不写畸形句子！！！！！！！！！！！
一、简单句型两大类
为了方便大家记忆，我们将简单句的五种基本句型分为了两大类：
1.主语+系动词+表语（表特征）
例：My mother is a teacher. 我妈妈是一名老师。
2.主语+谓语+[其它] （表动作）
例：Class begins. 开始上课了。
They are playing basketball. 他们在打篮球。
第一种句子成分——主语是句子所叙述的主体，是发出动作的事物！或者表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。主语主要由名词、代词或相当于名词的单词，短语或从句充当。Harry potter is the hero in this book.
We often speak english in class.
Playing basketball is interesting.
试着找出下列句子的主语
He is tall.
He works hard.
I believe him.
I believe that he is honest.
To learn English is important.
Swimming is a sport he enjoys.
That he has been to many parts of the world is known to everyone in our class.
用动词做的主语和从句主语也可用it替代，叫形式主语，真实主语在句中都后移，如：
It is important to learn English.
It is known to everyone in our class that he has been to many parts of the world
１
第二种句子成分——谓语常位于主语之后。说明主语“做什么（动作）”“是什么东西”“怎么样（特性）”。总是由动词或动词短语充当。谓语与主语在人称和数上必须保持一致！
I saw your brother yesterday.
Please look after the twins.
David`s hobby is writting.
You may keep the book for two weeks.
快来找找下列句子的谓语：
My mom is weaving a sweater.
The little boy is crying for his dog.
She looks so amazing.
I am so happy for you.
You are not my cup of tea.
特别友情提示：用作主语的名词中心词和谓语动词在单、复数形式上一致
I like homework.
She likes the boy next classroom.
Ultraman beats little monters.
I am a cute boy.
She is beautiful.
Her children are naughty like monkeys.
第三种句子成分——宾语位于及物动词之后，表示动作的对象，承受者或结果。主要由名词、代词或相当于名词的单词，短语或从句充当。
He did his English homework. （名词作宾语）
The workers are building the bridge. （名词作宾语）
I enjoy sharing my work experience. （动词ing形式作宾语）
２
She is doing her homework now. （名词作宾语）
She said she felt sick.（从句作宾语）
We often help him. （代词作宾语）
He likes playing basketball. （动名词V-ing作宾语)
He likes to play basketball. （不定式作宾语）
能不能分辨出下面句子的宾语呢？
The boys were watching the world cup match.
Can you feel the power of love?
We enjoy listening to the music.
She wanted a barbie toy so much when she was young.
Zhang Yimou made a love movie.
第四种句子成分——表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”。
I am a teacher.
She is beautiful.
This song sounds good.
Leaves turned green.
找出下面句子的表语
This flower is beautiful.
I felt very tired.
You look worried.
It tastes delicious.
I am fine .
He is a boy .
Five plus two is seven .
３
We are here .
He is not at home .
My hobby is reading .
第一大类句子结构：
功能：不表示具体动作，表示主语的特点或者性质特征，所以也叫主语补足语。
1. 主语+系动词+表语（SVP）+【状语】
be动词和become是英语中常见的系动词，后面必须接表语，才能用来说明主语，表示“…是…”，“…变成…”,或者“是什么样”等意思。表语通常由名词、形容词、代词、数词、介词短语及不定式等充当。
I am a teacher.
He become a scientist.
My sister is out now.
They are honest.
在英语中，除了be动词和become属于系动词外，还有一些行为动词，当它们表示状态存在或表示状态变化时也可以作系动词。这类动词包括：
五"变" become / get /turn / go /grow
五"感官" look （眼）看起来
sound （耳）听起来
taste （口）尝起来
smell （鼻）闻起来
feel （手）摸起来
Children grow wiser as they grow.
The lijiang river looks especially beautiful in the early morning.
Dinner smells good.
His voice sounded strange on the phone.
The cake tastes delicious.
第五种句子成分——状语，可位于句首、句末或句中，用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，表示动作，行为发生的时间、地点、目的、原因、方式、程度等。由副词、介词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语充当。
He speaks English very well. （表程度）
He is playing under the tree.（表地点）
I come to see you. （表目的）
４
Ten years ago, She began to live in Dalian. （表时间，地点）
The boy was praised for his bravery.（表原因）
If I am not busy tomorrow, I will play football with you. （表条件）
第二大类句子结构S主语+VI谓语+（其他）
功能：表达具体的动作，表示主语发出什么样的动作，做什么样的事。
2. S主语+VI谓语(不及物动词VI)+【状语】
这是英语里最基本的句型“主语+不及物动词”构成的句子的基本部分。VI（不及物动词）后面不能直接带宾语。但是有时为了表示动作发生的时间、地点、原因、结果、目的等，可以有状语来修饰。
Class begins.
His father has gone abroad.
Jim runs in the park.
We stopped to have a rest.
但是有些动词既可以作不及物动词又可以作及物动词。
They are playing on the playground.
They`re playing football.
They are studying.
They are studying English.
3. S主语+VT谓语(及物动词)+O宾语+【状语】
在此句型中，谓语动词是及物动词，其后必须跟宾语才能使句意表达完整。句子的宾语可以由名词、代词、动名词、不定式、从句或相当于名词的词、短语来充当。
She likes English. (名词作宾语)
He stopped writing. （动词-ing形式作宾语）
They want to go. （不定式作宾语）
She knows what to do next. （“疑问词+不定式”作宾语）
有些不及物动词后面加上介词就相当于一个及物动词，后面就可以加宾语了。例如，You must listen to me.(你必须听我的。)listen是不及物动词。但是加上to之后，listen to 就相当于一个及物动词，它后面就可以跟宾语me.类似的还有look at, laugh at, quarrel with等。
因为英语中动词数量有限，为了表达意思更清楚在多数情况下，谓语由动词词组充当，分两种情况:
1.及物动词+副词，
2.不及物动词+介词。
1.含有away, out, forward, up （表示方向，方位）等副词的动词词组是可拆分的。如，
５
They carried out the plan successfully.
They carried the plan out successfully.
动副词组都可以这样用，如，point out（指出）, carry out（执行）, put forward（提出）, work out（做出，算出）, find out（找出）, give up（放弃）, give away（赠送，分发）,pick up （拣起）, put up（挂上）, 等。
2. 而含有介词 at, for, from, into, of, with, to 等的动介词组是不可拆分的。
如，look after（照顾）, look at（瞧）, look for（寻找）, belong to（属于）, refer to（参考，提及）, think of（考虑，评价）, send for（派人去请）, care for（喜欢）,suffer from（受…之苦）, deal with(对付，应付), object to（反对）, pay for（付…的钱）,等。即我们只能说think of it,不能说think it of.
具体的有
In在动词词组中用作副词，表示“在里面”，“往里进”，“在家”等意思。如，get in(收割),hand in（提交，交进）。用作介词，表示“在…地点”，“在…范围”，“在…方面”。如，persist in(坚持)，succeed in (在…成功)。
Off在动词词组中用作副词，表示“关闭”，“隔离，离开”，“去掉”，等意思。如，turn off （关掉）, switch off（关掉）, ring off（挂断电话）, keep off（远离）, take off(脱掉）, kick off （踢脱）, carry off（运走）, put off（推迟）, pay off（付清）,give off（放出).
用作介词，表示“从…下来”。如，get off（下车）, fall off（从…掉下来）.
On 在动词词组中用作副词，表示“开”，“走开”，“传递”，“穿戴”。如，turn on(开),move on （走开）, pass on（传递）, put on（穿上）, have on（穿着）. 用作介词，表示“在…上”，“在…方面”。如，work on（从事于…）, operate on（在…上动手术）, agree on（同意）。
表示“上车，上船，上…”,如,get on（上车，上船）,ride on（骑上）。表示“依靠”，“以…为基础”，“按照”，如，depend on（依靠）,base on（以…为基础）, feed on（以…为食）, live on （以…为生计）.
Over在动词词组中用作副词，表示“翻转”，“翻倒”，如， turn over（打翻，翻倒）,push over （推倒）. 表示“过一遍”，“仔细”，“遍及”，如，think over（仔细考虑）,look over（仔细查看，研究）. 用作介词，表示“从上越过”，如，fly over（从上飞过）, jump over（从上跳过）.go over(越过，横过)。表示“为了”，“由于”，如，quarrel over（为…争吵）,cry over （因…哭泣）. 表示“查看”，“复习”，“检查”，如，go over（检查，复习）.
附：许多由及物动词+名词+介词构成的三词动词词组也要跟宾语，如：
pay attention to（注意）, catch hold of（抓住，握住）, catch sight of（看见，发现）,do harm to （对…有害）, get rid of（排除，除去）, make fun of（取笑，嘲笑）,put (one’s) heart into（专心于…）, say hello to（打招呼）, sing praise for（赞扬，表扬）,take care of（照顾）, take part in （参加）, take pride in（以…自豪，骄傲）。
1 我不信任那个人。
I don’t believe in(介) that man.
2 他指出了我的作文中的错误。
He pointed out（副） the mistakes in my composition.
3 圣诞节我们将去看望外籍教师。
On Christmas Day, we will call on our foreign teachers.
4 你们必须在课后把练习本交上来
６
You must hand in your exercise-books after class.
5 五分钟内我们是不可能解出这道题来的。
We cannot work out（副） the problem in five minutes.
区别：主系表and主谓宾
一定要分清楚（主系表——主语的特性，身份，特征。表达主语是什么，怎么样）
（主谓宾——主语做动作。表达主语做了什么）
The good student is reading.
The good student`s hobby is reading.
第六种句子成分——宾语补足语，位于宾语之后，用来补充宾语的意义。由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动词-ing形式、过去分词等充当。
Please call me Tom.
He made Mary cry.
4.S主语+VT谓语（及物动词）+O宾语+OC宾语补足语+【状语】
在某些及物动词的后面，需要用一个宾语再加一个宾语补足语才能表达完整的意思。宾语和宾语补足语合称为复合宾语。名词、形容词、副词、非谓语动词和介词短语等都可以作宾语补足语。
在英语中有些及物动词，接了宾语意义仍不完整，还需要有1个其他的句子成分，来补充说明宾语的意义、状态、动作等，称为宾语补足语，简称宾补。比如说：I heard Jean singing this morning. 句子中的Jean显然是宾语。但是主语I听到的并不是Jean，而是Jean singing。singing 是句子中的宾语补足语。它和宾语之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，也就是说从逻辑上来讲，是Jean执行了singing的动作。句子中的singing是现在分词做宾语补足语。能够充当宾补的还有宾语补足语的大致有：不定式，现在分词，过去分词，形容词，副词，介宾短语等。一般情况下，宾补通常紧跟在宾语之后。例：I find learning English difficult.difficult是形容词作宾补。
I will make you a captain.
The manager asked Amanda to leave.
His words made me sad.
能不能理解宾语补足语的意义
I find learning English difficult.
I saw the kite up and down.
Tom made the girl cry.
He proved that theory very important.
７
I thought her nice and honest the first time I met her.
Mr Li suggested she not go there alone.
第七种句子成分——定语，它位置灵活，用来修饰名词或代词，说明名词或代词的
品质与特征。由形容词、代词、数词、名词或名词的所有格、介词短语、不定式等等，总之是相当于形容词的词或短语以及从句充当！
定语就相当于中文中的“... ...的”
形容词作定语
The pink dress is hers.
The little boy needs a blue pen.(little修饰名词boy；blue修饰名词pen.）
小男孩需要一支蓝色的钢笔。
Tom is a handsome boy.(handsome修饰名词boy)
Tom是个英俊的男孩。
His boy needs Tom's pen.（his修饰名词boy；Tom’s修饰名词pen）/
他的男孩需要Tom的钢笔。
His name is Tom.（his修饰名词name）
他的名字是汤姆。
介词短语作定语
The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours.（in the classroom 修饰名词boy；of yours修饰名词pen）
教室里的男孩需要你的一支钢笔。
The boy in blue is Tom.（in blue修饰名词boy）
穿蓝色衣服的孩子是汤姆。
分词（短语）作定语
The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother.（smiling 修饰名词boy；bought by his mother修饰名词pen）/那个微笑的男孩需要一支他妈妈买的钢笔。The pen bought by her is made in China.（bought by her 修饰名词pen；bought by her 修饰名词pen）/她买的笔是中国产的。There are five boys left.（five修饰名词boy；left修饰名词boy）/有五个留下的男孩。
5.S主语+VT谓语+IO直接宾语+DO间接宾语+【状语】
及物动词作谓语时，后面要跟宾语。有的时候一个动作要涉及到两个宾语。这个时候
８
宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语，二者合称双宾语。直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象；间接宾语是及物动词的动作所涉及的人或物，也就是说：间接宾语是指动作是对谁做的，或者为谁做的，所以只能是名词或代词的宾格担当间接宾语。
此结构由主语+及物谓语动词+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（事物）组成。
He brings me cookies every day.
She made me a beautiful dress.
但要先说出直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语（人），则要借助于介词to或for
如，
He brings cookies to me every day.
She made a beautiful dress for me.
用to侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。
用for 侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。
常跟双宾语的动词有：
（需借助to的）bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise,
return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask,等。
（需借助for 的） buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order,
sing, save, spare,等。
I bought John a birthday present.
或I bought a birthday present for john.
Please tell me your telephone number.
或Please tell your telephone number to me.
９
初中英语常用语法结构图示 一、词法： 单数 普通名词可数名词复数，复数变化规则 名词不规则名词复数形式 不可数名词及量的表示 专有名词: 人名、地名、国家名。大写，不加冠词 名词的格’s 多用于有生命的事物 of 多用于无生命的事物 人称代词：主格与宾格：人称代词的排序； 物主代词：形容词性物主代词；名词性物主代词 反身代词：构成；Own 的用法 that, this, these, those的用法； 指示代词such, so 的用法,the same as.的用法； so+（助）动词＋主语与so+主语＋（助）动词的区别。 代词one, another, the other, others, other等词的用法; one与it的区别; both,与all的区别; some, any的用法区别. 不定代词every与each的用法 either，neither，none的用法 -body,-one-thing-where与some, any, every，no的组合； any，many ，a few，few，much，a little，little等词的用法。 疑问代词：who, what, which, whose, whom It的用法表示天气、气候、季节、时间、阴暗、距离、状况等做主语； 作形式主语与形式宾语； 定冠词的用法：特指 冠词：（a, an, the）不定冠词的用法：不特指 不用冠词的情况 作用:定语和表语及其位置. The＋形容词＝复数名词 用法 单音节词 形容词构成双音节词 多音节词 比较级与最高级不规则词 as+原级+as ；not as(so)＋原级+ as 比较级＋比较级 The＋比较级+范围 The＋比较级，the +比较级 序数词+最高级 副词与形容词的用法区别及相互转换 级别方面用法与形容词相同 already, yet; ago, before, since; now, just now; sometime. Some time, sometimes;频度副词； 副词几个副词的用法so that, so…that; too…to; too, either, everyday, every day, every other day; enough;
句子的成分 组成句子的各个部分叫作句子的成分。句子的成分有主语、谓语、宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语)、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。其中主语和谓语是句子的主体，表语、宾语和宾语补足语是谓语的组成部分，其他成分如定语和状语是句子的次要部分。 1）主语表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”，通常用名词、代词、数词，不定式，动名词或从句担任。主语要放在句首，还可用“It”作形式主语（如主语从句） 2）谓语起着说明主语的动作、特征或状态的作用，必须用动词表示。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面要一致，通常在主语之后。 谓语可分为两大类：简单谓语和复合谓语。凡是由一个动词或短语动词构成的谓语，不管什么时态，语态，语气，都是简单谓语。复合谓语一般由两部分构成：一是带不定式的复合结构；一是带表语的复合结构。 3）表语用于说明主语的性质、特征、身份或状态，可以由名词、代词，数词，形容词、副词、介词，介词短语，不定式，动词的—ed形式或动词的—ing形式或从句来担任，表语要放在连系动词之后。4）宾语是及物动词所示动作的对象或介词的对象，由名词、代词、数词，名词化的形容词，名词化的分词，不定式，动名词，从句都可以担任作宾语。宾语要放在谓语动词(及物动词)或介词之后。 ①某些及物动词之后要求有双宾语(即直接宾语和间接宾语)，直接宾语指物，间接宾语指人。这一类动词有：bring, give, pass,tell, hand, show, s end, read, leave, teach, find, buy, make, do, get, order, play, sing, pay 等。宾语要放在谓语动词(及物动词)或介词之后。 ②在需要的情况下，间接宾语也可以位于直接宾语之后，但此时间接宾语之前需要加介词“ to”或“for”。 ③有些及物动词的后面，其宾语还需要有一个补足语，才能表达完整的意思。这样的宾语和宾语补足语称为复合宾语。名词、形容词、不定式或介词短语都可以作宾语补足语。 5）状语用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。通常表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等。状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式，形容词短语。名词短语来担当。其位置一般放在句末，但也可放在句首或句中。 6）定语用于修饰名词或代词。可以担任定语的有形容词、代词、名词、数词、名词所有格、副词、不定式、分词和分词短语、介词短语及从句等等。定语的位置很灵活，凡有名词和代词的地方都可以有定语。 7）同位语是对句子的某一成分作进一步解释，说明，与前面名词在语法上处于同等地位。同位语常常置于被说明的词的后面。可以作同位语的有名词，代词，数词和从句等。 8）句子成分巧划分：主在前，谓在中，宾状后面冲。短语定语主宾后，形、代定语主宾前。间宾直宾紧相依，直、间之间to、for连，宾补位于宾语后，地状常在时状前。 第一讲主语 【语法讲解】 主语的位置通常在句首，一般不省略。它是句子所要说明的人或事物，是谓语动词所表示动作的发出者。例如： 1) The question is difficult. 2) She is difficult to understand. 3) is difficult to remember. 4) To understand his words is difficult. 5) Thinking in such a noise is difficult. 6) That they will leave ahead of time is difficult. 上述的六个例句分别说明了主语的位置、特点及能够担当主语的成分。可以担当主语的有名词（例如1）、代词（例如2）、数词（例如3）、动词不定式（例如4）、动名词（例如5）和主语从句（例如6）。 注：当动词不定式做主语时，往往放在谓语动词的后面，而用it做形式主语放在谓语动词的前面。例如上述例句4还可以改写为：It is difficult to understand his words.其中，it是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式to understand his words.
初中英语语法八大时态 1.结构 肯定句式: 主语+动词原形/动词的第三人称单数+其他 否定句式: 主语+（助动词）don't/doesn't +动词原形+其他 一般疑问句式: Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其他 简略回答: (肯)Yes,主语+do/does (否)No,主语+do/does not 缩写形式: don't = do not doesn't = does not 例句：He often goes swimming in summer. I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2.用法 1）表示经常的、习惯性的动作或存在的状态，常与表示频度的副词连用。 常用的频度副词有：always、often、usually、seldom、never、sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays.频度副词在句中通常放在行为动词之前，系动词、助动词之后。 例如: He often goes swimming in summer. I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2）表示主语具备的性格、特征和能力等。 例如：All my family love football . My sister is always ready to help others . Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 3)表示客观真理、客观存在、自然现象。 例如：The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China. 4）表示按计划或安排好的，或将要发生的动作，可用一般现在时表将来。 但只限于start,begin,leave,go,come,arrive,return,take place等。 例如：The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. He comes back tonight. 5）在复合句中，当主句是一般将来时，时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作。 例如：I'll tell him the news when he comes back. If you take the job , they will talk with you in greater details. 1.结构 肯定句式: 主语+动词过去式+其他 否定句式: 主语+（助动词）didn’t +动词原形+其他 一般疑问句式: Did+主语+动词原形+其他
初中英语语法——三大从句汇总 在英语中，主要有三大从句，即名词性从句（包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句）、形容词性从句（即定语从句）、副词性从句（即 状语从句,包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等）。以 下是一些基本的从句的语法知识点 A、定语从句专项讲解与训练 一、定语从句概念 定语从句（attributive clause），顾名思义，就是一个句子作定语从属 于主句。定语一般是由形容词充当，所以定语从句又称作形容词从句。另外， 定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的，故又称作关系从句。 定语从句一般放在它所修饰的名词或代词之后，这种名词或代词被称作先 行词。请看示例： The woman who lives next door is a teacher. 先行词定语从句 在所有的从句中，算定语从句最难掌握，因为汉语里没有定语从句，汉语 里只有定语，而且总是放在名词之前来修饰名词。 二、关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词代替前面的先行词，并且在定语从句中充当句子成分，可以作主语、宾语、定语等。常见的关系代词有：who, that, which。它们的主格、宾格和所有格如下表所示： 先行词主格宾格所有格 人 who whom whose 物 which which whose of which 人、物 that that — （一）关系代词who, whom和 whose的用法 who代替人，是主格，在定语从句中作主语。例如： An architect is a person who designs buildings. 建筑师是设计房屋的人。 I will never forget the teacher who taught us chemistry in the first
一、选择题 1．— What kind of home do you ? — A flat three bedrooms. A．live in; with B．live; with C．live in; has D．live; has 2．—Do you like watching cooking programs on TV? —No, I don’t , but my twin brother . He's very fond of cooking. A．does B．do C．is D．are 3．Kay looked _________ at the guests who said that the food she cooked tasted _________. A．happily; wonderfully B．happily; wonderful C．happy; wonderful D．happy; wonderfully 4．Ted likes Art, his brother . A．but; isn't B．and; don't C．but; doesn't D．but ;don't 5．What kind of music ________ he ________? A．does; listen B．does; listen to C．is; listen D．is; listen to 6．Lucy and I ________ good friends. A．am B．is C．are 7．The library ______ from 8 a.m. to 3 p.m. on weekdays. But it______ at 5 p.m. on Saturdays and Sundays. A．is open; closes B．opens; closed C．is opened; closes D．is opening; is closed 8．I tried to make the baby ________by singing, and that worked well at last. A．stop crying B．to stop crying C．stop to cry D．to stop to cry 9．—What will the weather _______tomorrow? — It is going to_______ . A．be like; rainy B．be like; rain C．like; rain D．like; rainy 10．—William, your hat _______ nice. —Thanks. A．buys B．looks C．finds 11．Which of the following sentences is right? A．My books on the desk B．Nice meet you, too C．These are my dictionaries D．Thanks you for your help. 12．Many students are so crazy about mobile games that they lose interest in their schoolwork, which _________ their parents and teachers a lot. A．worries about B．is worried about C．worries D．is worried 13．—The books on the table_________ Mike’s, right? —Yes, they are. A．am B．is C．are 14．Peter has never seen such a big fish in his life, ________? A．has he B．hasn’t he C．does he D．doesn't he 15．—Do you know whom they will have ________the parts of car together?—Sorry,I have no
语法：句子结构 课题：初中英语中的句子结构 重点：句子的结构成分 难点：分析并列句和复合句中的各个成分 一、以练习导入课 【Practice】引导学生自己解释所考知识点 1.---Excuse me,could you tell me________? ----It will leave at4:00p.m. A.how will you go to Shanghai B.how you will go to Shanghai C.when will the bus leave for Shanghai D.when the bus will leave for Shanghai 2.Could you tell me________? A.what is your job B.what your job is C.your job is what D.what was your job 3.---Could you tell us how long________?---About three years. A.does the sports meeting last B.the sports meeting will last C.the sports meeting last D.will the sports meeting last 4.I'm not sure______Mr Wang is coming or not. A.that B.about C.of D.whether 5.---I don't know_____he will come tomorrow. ---Don't worry.______he comes,I'll let you know. A.whether;If B.if;Whether C.when;Whether D.that;If 6.Jane didn't go to school today,but no one knew_________. A.what had happened to her B.what has happened to her C.what's the matter with her D.how was she 7.I don't mind______they will come. A.if or not B.whether nor not C.whether or no D.if or no 总结： 【Student can sum up the knowledge points】简单句、并列句和复合句1）简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。 2)并列句：相互之间没有从属关系，是平行并列的关系。它们之间用连词连结。【句型】简单句+并列连词+简单句
初中英语语法大全 一、词类、句子成分和构词法： 1、词类：英语词类分十种：名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词 动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.)：表人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。如：who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面名词或代词与其他句子成分关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主、谓、宾、定、状、表、宾补。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如：I‘m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词 或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如：He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。 间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如： Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市) 6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任。如：He works hard .(他工作努力) 7、宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,通常由形容词或动词充当。如：They usually keep their classroom clean.(他们通常让教室保持清洁) / He often helps me do my lessons.(他常常帮我做功课) / The teacher wanted me to learn French all by myself.(老师要我自学法语) ☆同位语通常紧跟在名词、代词后面,进一步说明它的情况。如：Where is your classmate Tom ?(你
一、选择题 1．Speak louder, ________ you can’t make yourself________. A．and; hear B．or; hear C．and; heard D．or; heard 2．The woman made her husband_______ outside the gate yesterday afternoon. A．wait B．waiting C．to wait D．waited 3．Coffee is ready. How nice it ______! Would you like some? A．looks B．smells C．sounds D．feels 4．My mother with me ________ at my grandma’s home ________that snowy night. A．were, at B．was, at C．was, on 5．My parents don’t_______me eat_______junk food. A．like; too many B．want; too much C．ask; too many D．let; too much 6．—_______everyone get tired today? —Yes, we_______very tired the whole afternoon. A．Does; are all B．Do; are all C．Does; all are D．Is; all are 7．—Why ______ you so busy these days? —Because they arrived ______ London ______ the morning of July1. A．are; in , in B．are; in , on C．do; on , in D．do; at , on 8．I think the music is great , and it is worth________ A．to listen B．to listen to C．listening D．listening to 9．—What will the weather _______tomorrow? — It is going to_______ . A．be like; rainy B．be like; rain C．like; rain D．like; rainy 10．—When you free last week? — Well, I have a free day because there was too much work. A．did; didn’t B．were; didn’t C．were; wasn’t D．did; wasn’t 11．—He’s never been late for school. —________________. A．So have I B．So am I C．Neither have I D．Nor am I 12．These chicken wings taste ________. I want more. A．well B．wonderfully C．nice D．bad 13．________he_______big________? A．Does; has; foot B．Does; have; feet C．Do; have; foots 14．2019 has come. I hope everyone can make his dream ________. A．came true B．come true C．comes true D．coming true 15．—I am feeling ill. What should I do? — eating junk food and breakfast every day.
一、选择题 1．This my sister and those my brothers. A．is, is B．are, are C．is, are 2．Kay looked _________ at the guests who said that the food she cooked tasted _________. A．happily; wonderfully B．happily; wonderful C．happy; wonderful D．happy; wonderfully 3．These chicken wings taste ________. I want more. A．well B．wonderfully C．nice D．bad 4．The teacher's smile made me ________ better. A．feel B．to feel C．feeling D．felt 5．Jim a basketball? A．Does; have B．Does; has C．Is; have 6．Our school basketball team ________ in the final of the basketball competition. Another team from No.5 Middle School ________ doing very well too. A．is; isn’t B．are; aren’t C．is; are D．are; is 7．My mother with me ________ at my grandma’s home ________that snowy night. A．were, at B．was, at C．was, on 8．My parents don’t_______me eat_______junk food. A．like; too many B．want; too much C．ask; too many D．let; too much 9．—Let’s _________ the library this afternoon. —Sorry, I want _________ my grandfather. A．go to;to meet B．go to;meeting C．to go to;to meet 10．—Why ______ you so busy these days? —Because they arrived ______ London ______ the morning of July1. A．are; in , in B．are; in , on C．do; on , in D．do; at , on 11．I tried to make the baby ________by singing, and that worked well at last. A．stop crying B．to stop crying C．stop to cry D．to stop to cry 12．Many students are so crazy about mobile games that they lose interest in their schoolwork, which _________ their parents and teachers a lot. A．worries about B．is worried about C．worries D．is worried 13．What a beautiful song! It ___________so sweet. A．feels B．sounds C．tastes D．smells 14．2019 has come. I hope everyone can make his dream ________. A．came true B．come true C．comes true D．coming true 15．—Do you know whom they will have ________the parts of car together?—Sorry,I have no idea. A．fix B．fixed C．to fix D．fixing
初中英语语法过关一一句子类型：复合句专项练习精选50题(宾语从句、定语从句、状语从句) ()1.— Do you know if our team the match tonight? ——It is hard to say.I will tell you the result if our team. A. wins;wins B.will win;will win C.wins;will win D.will win;wins ()2.— I believe Chinese astronauts will be able to land on the moon one day. —I agree with you.But I ' m not sure we can live on it. A.that;if B.that;that C.if;that D.if;if ()3.— Are you sure Li Ming has flown to London? —Yes.I saw him off at the airport just now. A.that B.if C.whether D.when ()4.— I ' m worried about I can pass the English exam. —Don' t worry.I ' m sure you will pass it. A.if; that B.whether; that C.that; if D.that; whether ()5.— Doctor,could you tell me? —Oh,nothing serious. He just has a cold. He will be fine soon. A. that there was anything wrong with my son B. if there was anything wrong with my son C. that there is anything with my son D. if there is anything wrong with my son
初中英语语法知识点总结-句子的基本结构
3)表延续的动词: remain, keep, hold, stay, rest等。 5、定语：对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子。 The black bike is mine.（形容词） The boy in blue is Jim.（介词短语） I have nothing to do today.（动词不定式） 注意：1) 当定语修饰不定代词如：nothing , anything , everything , something等时，定语要放在其后作后置定语。例如： I tell him something interesting. 2) 不定式、短语或从句作定语时，也放在被修饰的名词之后。 例如：The boys who are in the room are playing games. 6、状语：用以修饰adj. /v. /adv.及全句，位置灵活。 1、修饰形容词或副词时，通常位于被修饰的词之前； I am very sorry. 2、表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头，强调时放在句首。In order to cheer him up, I told him the truth. They are writing English in the classroom. 3、一些表示不确定时间（如：often）或程度（如：almost）的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，动词之前。 We often help him.
He is always late for class. 7、补语：补充说明宾语的情况。由n./adj./介宾/分词/不定式等担任。常位于宾语后。 He made me sad.（形容词） She asks me to take an umbrella.（不定式） The war made him a soldier.（名词） I find him at home.（介词短语） I saw a cat running along the wall.（分词） 8、同位语：同位语是句子成分的一种, 它位于名词、代词后面, 说明它们的性质和情况, 它可以由名词、代词、名词性短语或从句充当。Tom, our monitor, is a handsome boy. I myself will do the experiment. She is the oldest among them six. 一）. 简单句五种基本句型： 句子包含主要句子成分(主语、谓语)和次要句子成分(表语、宾语、宾语补足语),按照动词的性质将英语简单句划分为以下五种基本句型：1、基本句型的词序：
初中英语语法—现在进行时讲解与习题 现在进行时表示1、现在（说话的瞬间）正在进行或发生的动作，强调“此时此刻”。 E.g. He is reading . They are talking now. 2、当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。E.g. They are working these days. 3、某些动词的现在进行时，表预定的计划或即将发生的动作。E.g I am coming. 其结构为be+现在分词. 现在分词的变法有 1、一般在动词词尾加上-ing ,E.g. jump 2、以不发音字母e结尾的动词，先去e，再加-ing. E.g have write 3、.以重读闭音节末尾只有一个辅音字母结尾的词，它前面是单个元音字母时要 先将词尾的辅音字母双写，再加上-ing. E.g. sit put 其句式变换都在be上做文章。 E.g. He is buying a bike. Is he buying a bike? He isn’t buying a bike. 一般由look,listen,now, at this moment等时间状语做标志。 自我检测 （一）、单选 1、Look! He _____their mother do the housework. A. is helping B. are help C. is help D.is helpping 2 、_____are the boys doing ? They are singing in the room. A .Who B .How C.What D.Where 3、Don’t talk here. My mother _____.
句子成分精讲 句子成分：主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语等。 主要成分：主语和谓语 1、主语 一个句子中需要加以说明或描述的对象。主语的位置： 一般位于句首，由名词、代词、数词或相当于名词的词、短语等充当。The school is far from here. 名词做主语 She goes to school by bike.代词做主语 Eight is a lucky number.数词做主语 The blind need more help.名词化的形容词做主语 There is a pen on the desk. 名词做主语 Predicting the future is interesting.动名词做主语 To be a doctor is my dream.不定式短语做主语 2、谓语 表示人或事物(主语)的动作和存在的状态. 英语中由动词be、动词have和行为动词来充当谓语动词 句子的时态和语态是通过谓语表现出来。 谓语动词往往由一个或一个以上的助动词或情态动词加上主要动词构成。分析句子的主语和谓语 Mr. Li teaches English. He can play the piano. My parents and I are having dinner. 3、表语 用来说明主语的身份、特征、性质、状态。 表语的位置 用在动词be和系动词的后面。 名词、代词、数词、介词短语、副词等都可以和连系动词一起构成复合谓语。Your pen is on the desk. He got very angry. My dream is to have a robot.
初中英语语法八大时态 一．一般现在时 1.结构 肯定句式: 主语+动词原形/动词的第三人称单数+其他 否定句式: 主语+（助动词） don't/doesn't +动词原形+其他 一般疑问句式: Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其他 简略回答: (肯)Yes,主语+do/does (否)No,主语+do/does not 缩写形式: don't = do not doesn't = does not 例句：He often goes swimming in summer. I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2.用法 1）表示经常的、习惯性的动作或存在的状态，常与表示频度的副词连用。 常用的频度副词有：always、often、 usually、seldom、never、sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays.频度副词在句中通常放在行为动词之前，系动词、助动词之后。 例如: He often goes swimming in summer. I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2）表示主语具备的性格、特征和能力等。 例如：All my family love football . My sister is always ready to help others . Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 3)表示客观真理、客观存在、自然现象。 例如：The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China. 4）表示按计划或安排好的，或将要发生的动作，可用一般现在时表将来。 但只限于start,begin,leave,go,come,arrive,return,take place等。 例如：The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. He comes back tonight. 5）在复合句中，当主句是一般将来时，时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来要 发生的动作。 例如： I'll tell him the news when he comes back. If you take the job , they will talk with you in greater details. 二．一般过去时态 1.结构 肯定句式: 主语+动词过去式+其他 否定句式: 主语+（助动词）didn’t +动词原形+其他 一般疑问句式: Did+主语+动词原形+其他 1）表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间里所发生的动作或情况。常和表示过去的时间状语yesterday,
初中英语语法大全-句子的种类 按照英语句子的使用目的和用途，句子可分为四类： 陈述句(Declarative Sentence)、疑问句(Interrogative Sentence)、祈使句(Imperative Sentence)和感叹句(Exclamatory Sentence)。 陈述句包括肯定陈述句和否定陈述句。 疑问句有一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。 图解语法 1. 陈述句 说明一个事实或陈述一个人的看法，陈述句包括肯定陈述句和否定陈述句 特别提示： 肯定陈述句改成否定句或一般疑问句时，如句中有already，some，something，somebody等词，须分别改成yet，any，anything，anybody等。 另外，也要注意，too改成either，both改成neither，all改成none等。
2. 疑问句
3. 常用的特殊疑问句
4. 特殊的反意疑问句 ①主句是祈使句时，“will you”意为“请求”，“won’t you”表示提醒对方注意。 例句： Look at the blackboard, will you / won’t you Don’t be late again, will you ②感叹句后的反意疑问，用一般现在时态的否定形式 例句： What fine weather, isn’t it How beautifully she sings, doesn’t she ③陈述部分是“I am …”时，用“aren’t I”而不用“am not I” 例句： I'm working now, aren’t I ④陈述部分主语是everything，nothing，anything或something 时，疑问句主语用it