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2014年高考英语重庆卷阅读理解E篇原文

2014年高考英语重庆卷阅读理解E篇原文
2014年高考英语重庆卷阅读理解E篇原文

2014年高考英语重庆卷阅读理解E篇原文

E

It's generally believed that people act the way they do because of their personalities and attitudes. They recycle their garbage because they care about the environment. They pay $5 for a caramel brulée latte because they like expensive coffee drinks.

It's undeniable that behavior comes from our inner dispositions (性情), but in many instances we also draw inferences about who we are, as suggested by the social psychologist Daryl Bem, by observing our own behavior. We can be strangers to ourselves. If we knew our own minds, why would we need to guess what our preferences are from our behavior? If our minds were an open book, we would know exactly how much we care about the environment or like lattes. Actually, we often need to look to our behavior to figure out who we are.

Moreover, we don't just use our behavior to learn about our particular types of character—we infer characters that weren't there before. Our behavior is often shaped by little pressures around us, which we fail to recognize. Maybe we recycle because our wives and neighbors would disapprove if we didn't. Maybe we buy lattes in order to impress the people around us. We should not mistakenly believe that we always behave as a result of some inner disposition.

Whatever pressures there can be or inferences one can make, people become what they do, though it may not be in compliance (符合) with their

true desires. Therefore, we should all bear in mind Kurt Vonnegut's advice: "We are what we pretend to be, so we must be careful about what we pretend to be."

52. According to the passage, personalities and attitudes are commonly believed to .

A. determine one's behavior

B. reflect one's taste

C. influence one's surroundings

D. result from one's habits

53. Which of the following would Daryl Bem most probably agree with?

A. The return of a wallet can indicate one's honesty.

B. A kind person will offer his seat to the old.

C. One recycles plastics to protect the environment.

D. One buys latte out of true love of coffee.

54. What can be inferred from the underlined sentence in the passage?

A. We fall to realize our inner dispositions.

B. We can be influenced by outside pressures.

C. Our behavior is the result of our true desires.

D. Our characters can shape our social relationships.

55. What does the author mainly discuss in the passage?

A. Personalities and attitudes.

B. Preferences and habits.

C. Behavior and personalities.

D. Attitudes and preferences.

2014年高考英语重庆卷阅读理解E篇翻译

人们普遍认为,人们的行为方式源于他们的个性和态度。他们回收垃圾,因为他们关心环境,他们支付5美元买焦糖拿铁,因为他们喜欢昂贵的咖啡饮品。

据社会心理学家Daryl Bem 所说,我们的行为源于我们内在的性格,这是不可否认的,但在许多情况下我们也能通过观察我们自己的行为,判断我们是谁而得出结论。我们对自己完全不了解。如果我们知道我们自己的想法,那么为什么我们还要通过我们的行为来猜测我们的偏好是什么?如果我们的思想是一本打开的书,那么我们就要知道我们到底有多么关心环境或多么喜欢拿铁咖啡。事实上,我们经常需要透过我们的行为来搞清楚我们是谁。

此外,我们不只是要通过我们的行为来了解我们特定的性格种类,并推断出我们以前不

存在的性格。我们的行为往往是由我们周围那些我们没有意识到的微小压力塑造而成。也许我们循环利用只是因为如果我们不这样做,我们的妻子和邻居就不同意。也许我们买拿铁咖啡只是为了给我们周围的人留下深刻印象。我们不应该错误地认为我们的行为总是由我们的内在性格决定。

无论有什么压力或得出什么样的推论,人怎么做就会变成什么样,哪怕这可能与他自己的愿望不符。因此,我们都应该牢记库尔特?冯内古特的建议:“我们假装我们是什么样的,我们就是什么样的,因此对于我们要假装成什么样,我们必须小心谨慎。”

2014年高考英语重庆卷阅读理解E篇答案精析

52. A 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句"It's generally believed that people act the way they do because of their personalities and attitudes."可知,个性和态度通常被认为能决定一、个人的行为。故选A项。

53. A 推理判断题。根据第二段第一句中的"It's undeniable that behavior comes from our inner dispositions, but in many instances we also draw inferences about who we are"可推断,Daryl Bem认为归还钱包说明人的诚实。故选A项。54. B 推理判断题。根据划线句前面一句"Our behavior is often shaped by little pressures around us, which we fail to recognize."和后面一句"Maybe we buy lattes in order to impress the people around us."可推断,我们可能会受到外部压力的影响。故选B项。

55. C 主旨大意题。文章开门见山提出个性和态度决定一个人的行为。C项概括了文章主旨。

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重庆市高考英语试卷文档编制序号:[KK8UY-LL9IO69-TTO6M3-MTOL89-FTT688]

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2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(山西新课标 I) 英语 第二部分阅读理解(共两节,满分60分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题3分,满分45分) 阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A The Cambridge Science Festival Curiosity Challenge Dare to Take the Curiosity Challenge! The Cambridge Science Festival (CSF) is pleased to inform you of the sixth annual Curiosity Challenge. The challenge invites, even dares school students between the ages of 5 and 14 to create artwork or a piece of writing that shows their curiosity and how it inspires them to explore their world. Students are being dared to draw a picture, write an article, take a photo or write a poem that shows what they are curious about. To enter the challenge, all artwork or pieces of writing should be sent to the Cambridge Science Festival, MIT Museum, 265 Mass Avenue, Cambridge 02139 by Friday, February 8th. Students who enter the Curiosity Challenge and are selected as winners will be honored at a special ceremony during the CSF on Sunday, April 21st. Guest speakers will also present prizes to the students. Winning entries will be published in a book. Student entries will be exhibited and prizes will be given. Families of those who take part will be included in the celebration and brunch will be served. Between March 10th and March 15th, each winner will be given the specifics of the closing ceremony and the Curiosity Challenge celebration. The program guidelines and other related information are available at: https://www.doczj.com/doc/711560296.html,. 21. Who can take part in the Curiosity Challenge? A. School students. B. Cambridge locals. C. CSF winners. D. MIT artists. 22. When will the prize-giving ceremony be held? A. On February 8th. B. On March 10th. C. On April 21st. D. On March 15th. 23. What type of writing is this text? A. An exhibition guide. B. An art show review. C. An announcement. D. An official report. B Passenger pigeons(旅鸽) once flew over much of the United States in unbelievable numbers. Written accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries described flocks(群) so large that they darkened the sky for hours. It was calculated that when its population reached its highest point, there were more than 3 billion passenger pigeons – a number equal to 24 to 40 percent of the total bird population in the

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2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(新课标I) 英语 注意事项: 1. 本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分。 2. 答题前,考生务必将自己的、号填写在本试卷相应的位置。 3. 全部答案在答题卡上完成,答在本试卷上无效。 4. 第Ⅰ卷听力部分满分30分,不计入总分,考试成绩录取时提供给高校作参考。 5. 考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第Ⅰ卷 第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分) 做题时,先将答案标在试卷上,录音容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分) 听下面5段对话,每段对话后有一个小题。从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 例:How much is the shirt? A.£ 19.15 B.£ 9.18 C.£ 9.15 答案是C。 1. What time is it now? A.9:10 B.9:50 C.10:00 2. What does the woman think of the weather? A. It’s nice. B. It’s warm C. It’s cold 3. What will the man do? A. Attend a meeting. B. Give a lecture C. Leave his office. 4. What is the woman’s opinion about the cour se? A. Too hard. B. Worth taking. C. Very easy. 5. What does the woman want the man to do? A. Speak louder. B. Apologize to her. C. Turn off the radio. 第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。 6. How long did Michael stay in China? A. Five days. B. One week. C. Two weeks. 7. Where did Michael go last year? A. Russia. B. Norway. C. India. 听第7段材料,回答第8、9题。 8.What food does Sally like? A. Chicken. B. Fish. C. Eggs. 9.What are the speakers going to do? A. Cook dinner. B. Go shopping. C. Order dishes. 听第8段材料,回答第10至12题。 10. Where are the speakers? A. In a hospital. B. In the office. C. At home. 11. When is the report due? A. Thursday. B. Friday. C. Next Monday. 12. What does George suggest Stephanie do with the report? A. Improve it. B. Hand it in later. C. Leave it with him. 听第9段材料,回答第13至16题。

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