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【优质】从谚语看英美文化-优秀word范文 (4页)
【优质】从谚语看英美文化-优秀word范文 (4页)

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从谚语看英美文化

语言是文化的载体,一定的语言反映了一定的文化。谚语是语言中经过人们长期实践和认识凝练而成的思想结晶,是语言中的精华。英语谚语反映了英美民族的特定自然环境、风俗习惯、历史、神话传说、宗教信仰、价值观等文化方面的因素。本文从以上几个方面,依据谚语的起源进行分类探讨,旨在使读者更加深刻的了解英语谚语反应的文化内涵。

谚语,是人们集体创造的艺术语句,是民众丰富的智慧和普遍经验的规律性总结。它言简意赅、通俗易懂,含义深刻、富有哲理。谚语与一个民族不同时期特定的自然环境、风俗习惯、历史、神话传说、宗教信仰、价值观紧密相联。掌握英语谚语的文化内涵,有助于更好的使用语言。

一、自然环境

1.天气。在英国,天气是人们见面时经常谈到的话题。因为英国的地理位置比较特殊。它地处一个岛国,四面临海,天气多变。此外,西方人比较注重个人隐私,所以人们见面时,谈论天气是最好的选择。由此也就产生了很多这方面的谚语。例如:

Ne’er cast a clout till May be out.

Rain before seven,fine before eleven.

Into every life a little rain must fall.

在上面几个与天气有关的谚语中,第二个更好的体现了天气的多变性。最后一个中的“雨”是一个隐喻,比喻困难和挫折。因为每个英国人偶尔都会被雨淋湿,就像每个人的一生都会偶尔遇到挫折和困难一样。

2.航海。英国地处西半球,是一个岛国,四面环海。地理环境使他们长期从事海上活动,因此,英语中出现了大量有关航海和水的谚语。由于经常接触与海洋有关的事物,这些活动和事物给英国人留下了深刻的印象,并逐渐形成了一种概念。如:

Many drops of water will sink the ship.

It’s a hard sailing when there’s no wind.

以上有关航海的谚语都体现了英国作为一个岛国的文化。

二、风俗习惯

1.动物。动物和人类共同生活在同一个地球上,对人类有较大的影响,它们的特征、习性、喜好影响着人们对动物的态度以及人们的思想,久而久之,动物文化也就产生了。正如陈德章写到,“动物的语言在所有语言当中自己的隐含意义,也就是说人们常常把他们的感受、情感或自然现象和各种各样的动物联系起来,许多动物成为了人们思想的一种象征,并在语言中反映出来。”

①狗和猫。英语谚语中的狗,不仅仅指的是动物本身,而且常常被当作人们忠实的朋友和家庭成员中的一员。因此用来形容的谚语大多都是褒义,这和汉语文化当中,人们对狗的态度截然不同。除狗以外,猫也是欧洲人喜欢的另外一种动物,也有大量的谚语。如:Love me,love my dog.爱屋及乌;That cat won’t jump/fight.那种办法行不通。

②牛和马。英国人养牛主要来产奶和肉,偶尔用牛来耕种。而马常常被用来耕种,在古代,他们常常把马当作重要的运输工具。这就产生了与马和牛有关的一些谚语。如:You cannot sell the cow and drink the milk.鱼与熊掌不可兼得;All lay loads on a willing horse.马善人骑,人善人欺。

由此可以看出,这些包含有动物词汇的谚语,能让人们深刻感受到其中深层次的文化内涵,折射出人类语言文化与动物的关系。

2.食物。每个民族都有自己的饮食文化。在英国,小麦、大麦和燕麦是主要谷类作物,小麦主要用来制作面包,大麦主要用来酿酒,燕麦则主要是牲畜的饲料。面包、牛油、果酱和奶酪、布丁都成为家常食品,因而也就产生了许多这方面的谚语。如:Butter to butter is no relish.(黄油加黄油不成美味),它的比喻意义是千篇一律的东西令人生厌;There’s no use crying over spilt milk.(牛奶泼了,哭也没用),比喻为无可挽救的事而忧伤是没有用的。

3.酒。英国人见面,喜欢在酒吧里喝酒。有时候也在家里喝酒。很自然,在他们生活中许多关于酒的言语也就产生了。如:

Wine and wenches empty men’s purses.

Wine is a turncoat,first a friend, then an enemy.

三、宗教

宗教是一个民族思想文化的重要组成部分,所以语言与宗教密切相关。而谚语又是语言的精华,故其必然摆脱不了宗教的影响。众所周知,西方人信奉基督教,现代英语中就有不少谚语体现了他们的民族文化。如:The God helps those who help themselves.自助者天助之;The Devil take the hindmost.落后者遭殃;Crosses are ladders that lead to heaven.十字架是登上天堂的梯

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22. glamorous 富有魅力的 23. gorgeous 辉煌的 24. impressive 令人印象深刻的 25. incompatible 不和适宜的 26. indifferent 冷漠的 27. indispensable 不可或缺的 28. inexhaustible 取之不尽的 29. infectious 传染性的 30. influential 有影响力的 31. inhumane 不人道的 32. innocent 多管闲事的, 无辜的 33. instructive 智力的 34. intellectual 智力的 35. interpersonal 人际间的 36. irreparable 不可弥补的 37. luxurious 奢侈的 38. mature 成熟的 39. misleading 误导的 40. misrepresented 不如实叙述的 41. money-oriented 拜金的 42. nourishing 有营养的 43. old-fashioned/out of date 过时的 44. perilous 危险的 45. permissive 宽容的;许可的 46. pornographic 色情的

(写作素材)托福写作中的常用谚语总结

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托福写作词汇

写作关键用词及短语汇总

数量词 一些a range of ; a variety of ; a series of ; an array of 无数innumerable ; countless 许多plenty of ; many ; much ; a great deal of ; a lot of ; ample 非常多(大)的tremendous 依序列举list in sequence 时间词 过时的outdated ; antiquated ; outmoded ; obsolete ; anachronistic 短暂的ephemeral ; transitory ; transient ; short-lived 不合时宜的anachronism 可持久的durable ; able to stand wear ; last a long time 一再time after time ; again and again 初始的preliminary 前述的aforementioned ; aforesaid ; former 自古到今from ancient times to the present day ; down through the ages 年轻人young people ; youngster ; youth ; young adult 老式的old-fashioned ; out of date ; dated 偶尔from time to time ; now and then ; once in a while ; at times 时常often ; frequently ; repeatedly 永远的eternal ; perpetual ; lasting throughout life 重整办事优先顺序reshape priorities 目前so far ; by far 一次就可完成的事one-time event 正/反意见(opinion) 骂yell at ; reprimand ; chide ; scold ; reprove 支持support ; endorse ; back up ; uphold 谴责condemn ; express strong disapproval of 错的mistaken ; erroneous ; wrong incorrect 错事wrongdoing ; had acts ; misbehavior 做相反的do the reverse of ; do the opposite 归咎blam e…on ; put the blam e on … ;…is to blame 瓦解disintegrate ; break up ; separate into small parts 支持某一方in favor of ; on the side of 不会犯错的infallible 意见不和clashes of opinion 一致的unanimous ; in complete agreement 不恰当inappropriate ; improper ; unsuitable ; inadequate 批判criticize ; blame; find fault with ; make judgments of the merits and faults of…我们想念…we are convinced that…; we are certain that.. 我愿意I incline to; I am inclined to; I am willing to; I tend to 有用的useful ; of use; serviceable; good for; instrumental; productive 有意义的meaningful; fulfilling 他们不愿承认这一点they have always been reluctant to admit thi s… 在大家同意下by common consent of… 否定deny; withhold; negate 承认admit; acknowledge; confess; concede 于事无补of no help; of no avail; no use 使…受益benefit…; do good t o…; is good for…; is of great benefit t o… 成语及俗语及搭配方式 想法frame of mind; mind set; the way one is thinking 想出come up with 找出come up with; find out 利用use; take advantage of

英美文化

一.A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning (告别辞:莫悲伤) Whilst some of their sad friends do say , The breath goes now , and some say, no: (ABAB) Moving of th'earth brings harms and fears, earthquake--caused by God's anger Men reckon what it did and meant, calculate/count up But trepidation of the spheres, trembling (Whose soul is sense) cannot admit Absence, because it doth remove Those things which elemented it. composed physical love (DFDF)

But we by a love, so much refin'd, purified That our selves know not what it is, Inter-assured of the mind, mutually assured Our two souls therefore, which are one, Though I must go, endure not yet, yet not to suffer If they be two, they are two so As stiff twin compasses are two, To move, but doth, if th'other do. (JKJK) And though it in the center sit, fixed foot Yet when the other far doth roam, does move far It leans, and hearkens after it, And grows erect, as that comes home.the foot that draws the circumference (LFLF) Such wilt thou be to me, who must Like th'other foot, obliquely run; And makes me end, where I begun (MNMN) 主题:The poet and his lover is going to separate. The poet would like to comfort his lover that their love is sacred and they will never be inseparable as the soul will never be inseparable from the body so that she shouldn’t show grief to his leaving. 主人公:The poet loves his lover very much. Although they are going to separate, he still knows clearly that no matter where he goes, their souls will always be together and their love will always be pure as well as sacred.

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