词汇(V ocabulary)
thread (v.) : pass through by twisting，turning，or weaving in and out穿过，通过
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- pomegranate (n.) : a round fruit with a red，leathery rind and many seeds covered with red，juicy，edible flesh；the bush or small tree that bears it 石榴；石榴树
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- chant (n.) : a simple liturgical song in which a string of syllables or words is sung to each tune(礼拜仪式唱的)单调的歌
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bier (n.) : a platform or portable framework on which a coffin or corpse is placed棺材架；尸体架
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- hack (v.) : break up(1and)with a hoe，mattock，etc．(用锄等)翻地，挖(土) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- oblong (adj.) : longer than broad；elongated长方形的
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- lumpy (adj.) : full of lumps；covered with lumps多块状物的；凹凸不平的
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hummocky (a.) : full of or looking like low，rounded hills布满小丘的；似小圆丘的
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- derelict (adj.) : deserted by the owner；abandoned；forsaken无主的；被遗弃的
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lot (n.) : a plot of ground一块地
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- undifferentiated (adj.) : without clear qualities or distinctive characteristics无区别的；无显著特点的
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- mound (n.) : a heap or bank of earth，sand，etc．built over a grave，in a fortification，etc．土堆；堤；坟堆
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- prickly (adj.) : full of prickles多刺的
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- prickly pear: any of a genus of cactus plants having cylindrical or large，flat，oval stem joints and edible fruits仙人掌(属)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- bumpy (adj.) : full of bumps；rough；jolting崎岖不平的；颠簸的；震摇的
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gazelle (n.) : any of various small，swift，graceful antelopes瞪羚
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- hindquarter (n.) : either of the two hind legs and the adjoining loin of a carcass of veal，beef，lamb，etc．；[p1.]the hind part of a four—legged animal(牛、羊、猪等的)后腿肉；[复](四肢动物的)后躯
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- nibble (v.) : take small，cautious，or gentle bites小口地咬；谨慎地咬(啃) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
butt (v.) : strike or push with the head or horns：ram with the head(用头或角)撞击；顶撞
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- mid—air (n.) : any point in space，not in contact with the ground or other surface空中；上空
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- navvy (n.) : n unskilled laborer，as on canals，roads，etc．劳工；无特殊技术的工人
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- sidle (v.) : move sideways，esp．in a shy or stealthy manner(羞怯或偷偷地)侧身行走
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- stow (v.) : pack or store away；fill by packing in an orderly way装载；装进；收藏
municipality n．a city，town. etc．having its own incorporated government for local affairs自治市(或镇)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ghetto (n.) : (in certain European cities)a section to which Jews were formerly restricted(某些欧洲城市中从前的)犹太人居住区
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- sore (adj.) : giving or feeling physical pain；painful疼痛的；感到疼痛的---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- skull—cap (n.) : a light，closefitting，brimless cap，usually worn indoors(室内戴的)无沿便帽
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- infest (v.) : overrun or inhabit in large numbers，usually so as to be harmful or bothersome；swarm in or over(虫害等)侵扰；骚扰；蔓延---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- booth (n.) : a stall for the sale of goods，as at markets or fairs(市场或集市上的)货摊；摊店，摊棚
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- prehistoric (adj.) : pertaining to ancient times，very old-fashioned老式的；古旧的
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- warp (v.) : become bent or twisted out of shape变弯曲；变歪
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frenzied (adj.) : full of uncontrolled excitement疯狂的，狂乱的
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- clamour (v.) : make a loud confused noise or shout；cry out喧嚷，喧嚣，吵闹
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- grope (v.) : feel or search about blindly，hesitantly，or uncertainly摸索；探索
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self-contained (adj.) : having within oneself or itself all that is necessary；self-sufficient，as a community自给自足的
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- witchcraft (n.) : the power or practices of witches: black magic；sorcery 巫术；魔法
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- square (adj.[colloq.]) : satisfying；solid；substantial[口]令人满意的；充实的
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- conspicuous (adj.) : attracting attention by being unexpected，unusual，outstanding惹人注目的，显眼的
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- grove (n.) : orchard果园
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legionnaire (n.) : a member of a legion军团的成员
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- back—breaking (adj.) : requiring great physical exertion；very tiring费劲的；辛苦的，累人的
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- desolate (adj.) : uninhabited；deserted荒无人烟的，荒凉的
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- lucerne (n.) : a type of plant whose leaves grow in groups of three and which is used for feeding farm animals紫花苜蓿
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- fodder (n.) : gorse food for cattle，horses，sheep，etc. as cornstalks，hay and straw(牛、马、羊的)粗饲料；饲草
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- yoke (v.) : put a yoke on；join together；link用轭连起；连合；连结---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- harrow (n.) : a heavy frame with spikes or sharp—edged disks，drawn by a horse 0r tractor and used for breaking up and leveling plowed ground，covering seeds，rooting up weeds，etc．耙
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- furrow (n.) : a narrow groove made in the ground by a plow沟，畦；犁沟---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- trickle (n.) : the act of trickling；a slow，small flow滴，淌；细流；
subsoil (n.) : the layer of soil beneath the surface soil底土，下层土，
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- mummify (v.) : shrivel or dry up干瘪；枯干；成木乃伊状
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- hobble (v.) : go unsteadily，haltingly，etc．蹒跚
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- leathery (adj.) : 1ike leather in appearance or texture. tough and
flexible(外观或质地)似皮革的；坚韧的，粗硬的
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- infuriate (v.) : cause to become very angry；enrage(使)发怒，激怒
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- damnably (adv.) : execrably该诅咒地；极坏地
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- packsaddle (n.) : a saddle with fastenings to secure and balance the load carried by a pack animal驮鞍
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- bridle (n.) : a head harness for guiding a horse马勒
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- halter (n.) : a rope，cord，strap，etc．，usually with a headstall，for tying or leading an animal；a bitless headstall，with or without a lead rope缰绳；(马)笼头
gut (n.[usu．in p1.]) : the bowels；entrails[常用复]内脏
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- plight (n.) : condition or state of affairs；esp，now, an awkward．sad，or dangerous situation情况；状态；(现尤指)苦境；困境或险境
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- gall (v.) : injure or make sore by rubbing；chafe擦伤，擦痛；磨
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- stork (n.) : any of a family of large，long—legged，mostly old—world wading birds．having a long neck and bill，and related to the herons鹳---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- reach-me—down (adj．[colloq.]) : second—hand or ready—made(衣服)用旧的；别人用过的；现成的
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- khaki (adj.) : made of khaki(cloth)卡其(布)制的
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- squash (v.) : force one’s way；squeeze挤进，挤入
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- slump (v.) : have a drooping posture or gait低头弯腰(而行)；消沉
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- inquisitive (adj.) : inclined to ask many questions or seek information；eager to learn好询问的；好奇的
syphilis (n.) : an infectious venereal disease，caused by a spirochete and usually transmitted by sexual intercourse or acquired congenitally梅毒---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- garrison (n.) : troops stationed in a fort or fortified place驻军；卫戍部队---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- charger (n.) : a horse ridden in battle or on parade战马, 军马
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短语(Expressions)
square meal: a complete and satisfying meal美餐丰盛的、令人满足----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
in a cloud: a large number of small things moving through the air as amass一团
例：a cloud of locusts一群蝗虫
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get at: to approach or reach到达，得到
例：Y ou have to use a little ladder to get at the jars on the top shelves．你得使用一把小梯才可以拿到架子上面的坛子。
next door to: almost the same as几乎
例：Leaving a man to die is next door to murder．让一个人等死无异于谋杀。
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in this connection: while speaking of such things关于这一点，就此而论
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it doesn’t matter twopence: it doesn’t matter a bit无关紧要
例：It doesn’t matter twopence if he doesn’t accept the
invita-tion．他接不接受邀请都不要紧
马拉喀什见闻
乔治·奥威尔
一具尸体抬过，成群的苍蝇从饭馆的餐桌上瓮嗡嗡而起追逐过去，但几分钟过后又非了回来。
一支人数不多的送葬队伍——其中老少尽皆男性，没有一个女的——沿着集贸市场，从一堆堆石榴摊子以及出租汽车和骆驼中间挤道而行，一边走着一边悲痛地重复着一支短促的哀歌。苍蝇之所以群起追逐是因为在这个地方死人的尸首从不装进棺木，只是用一块破布裹着放在一个草草做成的木头架子上，有四个朋友抬着送葬。朋友们到了安葬场后，便在地上挖出一个一二英尺深的长方形坑，将尸首往坑里一倒。再扔一些像碎砖头一样的日、干土块。不立墓碑，不留姓名，什么识别标志都没有。坟场只不过是一片土丘林立的荒野，恰似一片已废弃不用的建筑场地。一两个月过后，就谁也说不准自己的亲人葬于何处了。
当你穿行也这样的城镇——其居民20万中至少有2万是除开一身聊以蔽体的破衣烂衫之外完全一无所有——当你看到那些人是如何生活，又如何动辄死亡时，你永远难以相信自己是行走在人类之中。实际上，这是所有的殖民帝国赖以建立的基础。这里的人都有一张褐色的脸，而且，人数书如此之多！他们真的和你意义同属人类吗？难道他们也会有名有姓吗？也许他们只是像彼此之间难以区分的蜜蜂或珊瑚虫一样的东西。他们从泥土里长出来，受哭受累，忍饥挨饿过上几年，然后有被埋在那一个个无名的小坟丘里。谁也不会注意到他们的离去。就是那些小坟丘本身也过不了很久便会变成平地。有时当你外出散步，穿过仙人掌丛
时，你会感觉到地上有些绊脚的东西，只是在经过多次以后，摸清了其一般规律时，你才会知道你脚下踩的是死人的骷髅。
我正在公园里给一只瞪羚喂食。
动物中也恐怕只有瞪羚还活着时就让人觉得是美味佳肴。事实上，人们只要看到它们那两条后腿就会联想到薄荷酱。我现在喂着的这只瞪羚好象已经看透了我的心思。它虽然叼走了拿在手上的一块面包，但显然不喜欢我这个人。它一面啃食着面包，一面头一低向我顶过来，再啃一下面包又顶过来一次。它大概还因为把我赶开之后那块面包仍会悬在空中。
一个正在附近小道上干活的阿拉伯挖土工放下笨重的锄头，羞怯地侧着身子慢慢朝我们走过来。他把目光从瞪羚身上移向面包，又从面包转回到瞪羚身上，带着一点惊讶的神色，似乎以前从未见过这种情景。终于，他怯生生的用法语说道：―那面包让我吃一点吧。‖
我撕下一块面包，他感激地把面包放进破衣裳贴身的地方。这人是市政当局的雇工。
当你走过这儿的犹太人聚居区时，你就会知道中世纪犹太人区大概是个什么样子。在摩尔人的统治下，犹太人只能在划定的一些地区内保有土地。受这样的待遇经过了好几个世纪后，他们已经不再为拥挤不堪而烦扰了。这儿很多街道的宽度远远不足六英尺，房屋根本没有窗户，眼睛红肿的孩子随处可见，多的像一群群苍蝇，数也数不清。街上往往是尿流成河。
在集市上，一大家一大家的犹太人，全都身着黑色长袍，头戴黑色便帽，在看起来像洞窟一般阴暗无光，苍蝇麋集的摊篷里干活。一个木匠两脚交叉坐在一架老掉牙的车床旁，正以飞快的速度旋制椅子腿。他右手握弓开动车床，左脚引动旋刀。由于长期保持着种姿势，左脚已经弯翘变形了。他的一个年仅六岁的小孙子竟也在一旁开始帮着干一些简单的活计了。
我正要走过一个铜匠铺子时，突然有人发现我点着一支香烟。这一下子那些犹太人从四面八方的一个个黑洞窟里发疯四地围上来，其中有很多白胡子老汉，都吵着要讨支烟抽。甚至连一个盲人听到这讨烟的吵嚷声也从一个摊篷后面爬出来。伸手在空中乱摸。一分钟光景，我那一包香烟全分完了。我想这些人一天的工时谁都不回少于十二小时，可是他们个个都把一支香烟看成是一见十分难得的奢侈品。
犹太人生活在一个自给自足的社会里，他们从事阿拉伯人所从事的行业，只是没有农业。他们中有买水果的，有陶工、银匠、铁匠、屠夫、皮匠、裁缝、运水工，还有乞丐、脚夫——放眼四顾，到处是犹太人。事实上，在这不过几英亩的空间内居住着的犹太人就足足有一万三千之多。也算这些犹太人好运气，希特勒未曾光顾这里。不过，他也许曾经准备来的。你常听到的有关犹太人的风言风语，不仅可以从阿拉伯人那里听到，而且还可以从较穷的欧洲人那里听到。
―我的老兄啊，他们把我的饭碗夺走给了犹太人。想必你也知道这些犹太人吧，他们才是这个国家真正的主宰。我们的钱都进了他们的腰包。银行、财政——一切都被他们控制住了。‖
―可是，‖我说道，―到多数普通犹太人不也是为了一点微薄的工钱而辛勤劳作的苦力吗？‖
―噢！那不过是做出样子来给人看的。事实上他们都是些放债获利的富豪。这些犹太人就是鬼得很。‖
与此恰恰相似的是，几百年前，常常也有些苦命的老太婆被当成巫婆给活活烧死，然而事实上她们就连为自己变出一顿象样饭菜的巫术都没有。
所有靠自己的双手干活的人一般都有点不太引人注目，他们所干的活儿越是重要，就越不为人所注目。不过，白皮肤总是比较显眼的。在北欧，若是发现田里有一个工人在耕地，你多半会再看他一眼。而在一个热带国家，直布罗陀以南或苏伊士运河以东的任何一个地方，你就可能看不到田里耕作的人。这种情形我已经注意到多次了。在热带的景色总，万物皆可一目了然，惟独看不见人。那干巴巴的土壤、仙人掌、棕榈树和远方的山岭都可以尽收眼底，但那在地理耕作的农夫却往往每人看见。他们的肤色就和地里的土壤颜色一样，而且远不及土壤中看。
正因如此，贫穷至极的亚非国家反倒成了旅游观光的胜地。没有谁会有兴趣到本地的贫困地区去作依次毫无价值的旅行。但在那些居住着褐色皮肤的人的地方，他们的贫困却根本没有人能注意大批。摩洛哥对于一个法国人来说意味着什么呢？无非是一个能买到橘子圆或者谋取一份政府差使的地方。对于一个英国人呢？不过是骆驼、城堡、棕榈树、外籍兵团、黄铜盘子和匪徒等富于浪漫色彩的字眼而已。就算是在那儿呆过多年的人也未必会注意得到，对于当地百分之九十的居民来说，现实生活只意味着永无休止、劳累至极的斗争，其目的是从贫瘠的土壤中费力地弄出点吃的来。
摩洛哥的土地大半是一片荒凉，赖以生存的走兽至大者莫如野兔。原先曾有的森林覆盖着的土地如今已成为光秃秃的荒漠，土壤跟碎砖头一般。尽管如此，仍有大片大片的土地被人们开垦，劳动强度十分惊人。一切活儿全靠手工完成。排着长队的妇女们弯着腰像一个个倒过来的大写字母L一样，以便慢慢地在地里移动着身子往前走，一边用手去拔除带刺的野草。农民采集苜蓿喂牲口时，不是用刀去割而是用手将一棵棵苜蓿连根拔起，免得割剩下来的一两寸的根茬白白浪费掉。犁是用木头做的劣货，一点也不结实，一个人可以毫不费力的扛在肩上。犁的底部安着一个粗劣的铁尖子，只能犁进地里4英寸来深。拉犁的牲口的力气也只有这么大。通常是用一头牛和一头驴子套在一起拉犁。这是因为两头驴子拉不动，而如用两头牛，耗费的饲料有太多。农民们都没有耙地的耙，他们指示顺着不同的方向犁上几遍，弄出一道道垄沟来，然后再用锄头把整块田地做成一块块长条形的小畦，以利蓄水。除了较为罕见的暴雨之后紧接着的那一两天外，这地方总是缺水。农民们在地边上挖出一道道深达三十至四十英尺的沟渠以便把土层深处的涓涓细流汇集起来。
每天下午都有一对年迈的妇女背着柴草从我屋外的路上走过。由于上了年纪而又饱经日晒，他们一个个都变得想木乃伊似的干瘪，而且身躯都是那么瘦小。在原始社会里，妇女超过了一定的年纪便萎缩得如孩子般大小，这似乎是一种普遍的现象。一天，一个身高不过四英尺的可怜人扛着老大的一捆柴草从我身边蹒跚而过。我叫住她，往她手上塞了一枚面值五个苏的钱币（略多于1/4个旧便士）。她的反应竟是一声近乎尖叫的哭喊，这喊叫含有感激的成分，主要还是出于惊讶。我想，在她看来，我虽然会注意她，似乎是违反了自然法则。对
于自己作为一个老妇人，即作为一匹驮兽的地位，她是早已接受了的。每当一家人出门远行时，往往可以看到父亲和已经成年的儿子骑着驴子在前边走，而一个老太婆则背着包袱步行跟在后面。
然而这些人的真正奇特之处还在于他们的隐身的特性。一连几个星期，每天几乎在同一时候总有一队老妪扛着柴草从我房前蹒跚走过。虽然他们的身影以映入我的眼帘，但老实说，我并不曾看见她们。我所看见的是一捆捆的柴草从屋外掠过。直到有一天我碰巧走在她们身后时，堆柴草奇异的起伏动作才使我注意到原来下面有人。这才第一次看见那些与泥土同色的可怜老妪的躯体——枯瘦的只剩下皮包骨头、被沉重的负荷压得弯腰驼背的躯体。然而，我踏上摩洛哥国土还不到五分钟就已注意到驴子的负荷过重，并为此感到愤怒。驴子遭到荷虐，这是无疑的事实。摩洛哥的驴子不过如一只瑞士雪山救人犬一般大小，可它驮负的货物重量在英国军队里让一头五英尺高的大骡子来驮都嫌过重。而且，它还常常是一连几个星期不卸驮鞍。尤其让人觉得可悲的是，它是世上最驯服听话的牲畜。不需要鞍辔会僵绳。它便会像狗一样更随着自己的主人。为主人拼命干上十几年活后，它便猝然倒地死去，这时，主人就把它仍进沟里，尸体未寒，其五脏六腑便被村狗扒出来吃掉。
这种事情当然令人发指，可是，一般说来，人的苦难却没人理会。我并非在乱发议论，只不过是指出一个事实而已。这种人简直就是一种无影无行之物。一头背上被磨得皮破肉烂的驴子人人见了都会同情，而那驮着大捆柴草的老妇人则往往要有某种偶然因素才会受到注意。
白鹳鼓翼被去时，黑人正行军南下——一列长长的满身征尘的队伍：步兵，炮队，接着又是更多的步兵，总共大约四五千人，正靴声橐橐，车声辚辚地蜿蜒前行。
他们是塞内加尔人，是非洲肤色最黑的人——黑得简直难以看清他们颈项上的头发从何处生起。他们健硕的身躯罩在旧的卡其布制服里面，脚上套着一双看上去像块木板似的靴子，每个人头上戴着的钢盔似乎都小了一两号。天气正热,队伍已经走了很长一段路，士兵们都被沉重的包袱压得疲惫不堪，敏感得出奇的黑脸颊上汗水闪闪发光。
当他们走过时，一个身体欣长，年纪很轻的黑人回头后顾，和我的目光相遇。他的那种目光完全超出人们意料之外。既不带敌意，又不含轻蔑，也没有愠怒，甚至连好奇的成分都没有。那是一种羞怯的，瞪圆双眼的黑人的目光，实际上就是一种表示深厚敬意的目光。这种情况我是了解的。这可怜的小伙子，因为成了法国公民，所以被从森林里拉出来送到军队驻扎的城镇去擦洗地板，并染上了梅毒。他对于白种人的确是满怀敬意的。过去别人教导他说白种人是他的主人，对此他至今深信不疑。
然而，无论哪一个白人（哪怕是那些自称为社会主义者的人也不例外），当他望着一支黑人军队从身边开过时，都会想到同一桩事：―我们还能愚弄他们多久？他们倒戈相向的日子离现在还有多远？‖
真是怪有意思的。在场的每一个白人心里都有着这样一个共同的心思。我有，其他旁观者也有，骑在汗涔涔的战马上的军官们有，走在队伍中的白人军士也有。这是大家心里都明白而有彼此心照不宣的秘密，只有那些黑人对此尚茫然不知。看着这列一两英里长的队伍静静地向前开进，真好像看着一群牛羊一样，而那掠过它们头顶、朝着相反方向高翔的大白鹳
恰似片片碎纸在空中泛着点点银光。
课后练习题/EXERCISES 2
Ⅰ. Write short notes on: Marrakech and Morocco.
Suggested Reference Books [SRB]
1. any standard gazetteer
2. Encyclopaedia Britannica
Ⅱ.Questions on content:
1. Instead of telling the reader that the natives are poor, Orwell shows poverty in at least five ways. Identify them.
2. How are people buried in Marrakech?
3. Explain the sentence, "All colonial empires are in reality founded upon that fact."(para 3)
4. What do you think medieval ghettoes were like?
5. Why does the writer say, "A good job Hitler wasn't here"?
6. What kind of people, according to Orwell, are partly invisible? Why does he stress this point?
7. How was land cultivated in Morocco?
8. Why was the old woman surprised when the writer gave her a five-sou piece?
9. What did every white man think when he saw a black army marching past?
Ⅲ. Questions on appreciation:
1. The things of value, Orwell says in "Why I Write, " are always political. Is this essay political? Has the writer said anything of value?
2. Orwell describes human suffering and misery rather objectively. How then can you tell that he is outraged at the spectacle of misery?
3. Why does the writer reveal his feelings about the donkeys but conceal his feelings about the people? ,What effect does this contrast have on the reader?
4. Could paras 4-7 just as well come after 8-15 as before? Could other groups of paragraphs be rearranged? What does this indicate about the organization? What gives the essay coherence?
5. Does this essay give readers a new insight into imperialism? Has the writer succeeded in showing that imperialism is an "evil thing" ?
6. Comment on Orwell's lucid style and fine attention to significant descriptive details.
Ⅳ. Paraphrase:
1. The burying-ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth, like a derelict building-lot. (para 2)
2. All colonial empires are in reality founded upon that fact. (para 3)
3. They rise out Of the earth, they sweat and starve for a few years, and then they sink back into the nameless mounds of the graveyard (para 3)
4. A carpenter sits crosslegged at a prehistoric lathe, turning chair-legs at lightning speed. (para 9)
5. Instantly, from the dark holes all round, there was a frenzied rush of Jews (para 10)
6. every one of them looks on a cigarette as a more or less impossible luxury (para 10)
7. Still, a white skin is always fairly conspicuous. (para 16)
8. In a tropical landscape one's eye takes in everything except the human beings. (para 16)
9. No one would think of running cheap trips to the Distressed Areas. (para 17)
10. for nine-tenths of the people the reality of life is an endless, backbreaking struggle to wring
a little food out of an eroded soil (para 17)
11. She accepted her status as an old woman, that is to say as a beast of burden. (para 19)
12. People with brown skins are next door to invisible. (para 21)
13. Their splendid bodies were hidden in reach-me-down khaki uniforms (para 23)
14. How long before they turn their guns in the other direction? (para 25)
15. Every white man there had this thought stowed somewhere or other in his mind. (para 26) Ⅴ. Translate paras 20 and 21 into Chinese.
Ⅵ. Look up the dictionary and explain the meaning of the itali-cized words:
1. wailing a short chant over and over again (para 2)
2. an Arab navvy working on the path nearby (para 6)
3. he stowed it gratefully (para 7)
4. his left leg is warped out of shape (para 9)
5. as the Jews live in a self-contained community (para 11)
6. the plough is a wretched wooden thing (para 18)
7. all of them are mummified with age and the sun (para 19)
8. their splendid bodies were hidden in reach-me-down khaki uniforms (para 23)
9. so had the officers on their sweating chargers (para 26)
Ⅶ. Discriminate the following groups of synonyms:
1. wail, cry, weep, sob, whimper, moan
2. frenzy, mania, delirium, hysteria
3. glisten, glitter, flash, shimmer, sparkle
Suggested Reference Books [ SRB ]
1. Webster's New World Dictionary of the American Language
2. Webster’s New Dictionary of Synonyms
3. Reader's Digest, Use the Right Word
Ⅷ. Study the formation of the following compound nouns and list 5-10 examples of each:
1. burying-ground
2. gravestone
3. mid-air
4. overcrowding
5. nine-tenths
Suggested Reference Books [ SRB ]
1. any standard dictionary
2. any book on lexicology or word building
IX. In this essay, the writer makes effective use of specific verbs. List 10 specific verbs you consider used most effectively and give your reasons.
Ⅹ.Each of the following sentences may be made more compact by proper subordination. Rewrite them, using subordinate clauses, appositives, prepositional or verbal phrases:
1. The British army had lost all its equipment at Dunkirk, and there was only a single armored division left to protect the home island.
2.The dry prairie land will drift away in dust storms, but it is still being plowed for profitless wheat farming.
3.The educational program may succeed, but it has to have more than mere financial support from the government.
4.They have wasted their natural resources, but they should have protected and conserved them.
5.The Caldwell family opened the first rough trail and soon other settlers were coming.
6. The Smithsonian Institution is constantly working for a better understanding of nature for man's benefit, and it gets little or no publicity.
7. Queen Mary was easily shaken by passions. They were both passions of love and passion of hatred and revenge.
8. I dreaded opening the door of his office, but it was only for a few days.
9. It was early morning and there was a fog and so I crawled out and made my way to the beach.
10. I left the door of the safe unlocked and took the leather bag of coins and walked down the street toward the bank.
Ⅺ .Read the following paragraphs and then answer the questions: 1) What is the topic sentence? 2) Has the writer succeeded in achieving unity? Give your reasons.
1. Life on the farm is an eternal battle against nature. There is always the rush to harvest the crops and to get next year' s grain planted before the fall rains start. To get this accomplished the farmer must be out at work by daybreak. Fruits and vegetables have to be gathered before the early frost; hence everyone is bustling around from morning till night. Fall is beautiful when the leaves on the trees change color and then fall off. Winter sends its warming cover over the froze ground. This causes the animals to hunt for something to eat. There is nothing, so the farmer has to feed them. After his day's work is done, the farmer puts on his slippers, reclines on the davenport in front of the fireplace, and spends a peaceful evening reading. Within a few months spring begins with its beautiful flowers and green grass. The cows give more milk so the farmer has more work to do. After the first spring rain, the corn must be cultivated. As summer ap-proaches the farmer begins to worry for fear that the sun will come up and cook the grain before it is fully developed, or maybe a thunderstorm will come up thus causing his hay crop to rot.
2. There are three reasons why I like Japanese food. When I was growing up I never ate Japanese food, since we lived in a part of Texas where there were no Orentals, but now I really like it. One of the best things about Japanese food is that it consists primarily of meat and vegetables, so that it's not at all fattening. However, most Japanese love rice. One of my Japanese friends has at least two bowls of rice at every meal. Another reason for liking Japanese food is that it's always beautifully served, even at lower-priced restaurants. Every dish is a work of art: the chicken yakitori is presented on a gleaming platter crisscrossed with skewers of meat and vegetables, and the shrimp tempura comes on a lovely little bamboo tray. For the American who wants to serve Japanese food like this, these platters and trays may be purchased at a local import store. My final reason for liking Japanese food is its exotic flavor. There is nothing in American or European cuisine quite like the flavor of sashimi (raw fish dipped in soy sauce and horseradish) or shabu-shabu, a meat and vegetable dish that you cook right at your own table by swishing the
bite-sized pieces in a pan of seasoned boiling water. Also, from the male point of view, Japanese restaurants are attractive for another reason-- the beautiful little doll-like waitresses, who bow and smile shyly as they serve your food. With all this, is there any wonder Japanese food appeals to me?
Ⅻ. Choose the right word from the list below for each blank:
fell come did fired
pulled feel sagged collapse
goes altered slobbered climbed
went paralysed settled drooping
jolt seemed imagined knock
falling tower reaching trumpeted
shake came
When I ________the trigger I did not hear the bang or ____________the kick -- one never does when a shot ___________ home -- but I heard the devilish roar of glee that _________ up from the crowd. In that instant, in too short a time, one would have thought, even for the bullet to get there, a mysterious, terrible change had ________over the elephant. He neither stirred
nor_______, but every line of his body had________ He looked suddenly stricken, shrunken, immensely old, as though the frightful impact of the bullet had _________ him without knocking him down. At last, after what _________ a long time -- it might have been five seconds, I dare say – he _______flabbily to his knees. His mouth _______An enormous senility seemed to have
______ upon him. One could have ______him thousands of years old. I _______again into the same spot. At the second shot he did not_______ but ______with desperate slowness to his feet and stood weakly upright, with legs sagging and head _______ . I fired a third time. That was the shot that _______for him. Y ou could see the agony of it _____his whole body and ________ the last remnant of strength from his legs. But in ______ he seemed for a moment to rise, for as his hind legs collapsed beneath him he seemed to_______ upward like a huge rock toppling, his trunk _______skywards like a tree. He________, for the first and only time. And then down he
________, his belly towards me, with a crash that seemed to _________ the ground even where I lay.
XIII. Topics for oral work:
1. What can you infer about the author's political attitude from this essay?
2. Do you like Orwell' s style? Give examples to support your
XIV. Write a short composition describing objectively the suffering and poverty of pre-liberation China or of any city. Try to maintain an objective tone, but your real feelings should be ev- ident to the reader.
Ⅰ . Marrakech: in west central Morocco, at the Northern foot of the high Atlas, 130 miles south of Casablanca, the chief seaport. The city renowned for leather goods, is one of the principal commercial centers of Morocco. It was founded in 1062 and was the capital of Morocco from then until 1147 and again from 1550 to 1660. It was captured by the French in 1912, when its modern growth began. It has extremely hot summers but mild winters. Y early rainfall is 9 inches and limited to winter months. The city was formerly also called Morocco.
Morocco: Located in North Africa, on the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. Morocco
is the farthest west of all the Arab countries. Rabat is the capital. The estimated population in 1973 was 15,600,000. About 2000 B. C. it was settled by Berber tribes, who have formed the basis of the population ever since. The Arabs invaded Morocco in the 7thcentury, bringing with them Islam. From the end of the 17thcentury until the early 19th century Morocco was almost entirely free from foreign influence. But in 1912, a Franco- Spanish agreement divided Morocco into 4 administrative zones. It gained independence in 1956 and became a constitutional monarchy in 1957. Morocco is a member of the United Nations, the League of Arab States, and the Organization of African Unity. Moroccans are mainly farmers (70%)who try to grow their own food. They often use camels, donkeys and mules to pull their plows. In the south a few tribesmen still, wander from place to place in the desert.
Ⅱ. 1. Here are five things he describes to show poverty- (a) the burial of the poor inhabitants (b)an Arab Navvy, an employee of the municipality, begging for a piece of bread (c)the miserable lives of the Jews in the ghettoes~ (d)cultivation of the poor soil; (e) the old women carrying fire wood.
2. See paragraphs 1 and 2.
3. All the imperialists build up their empires by treating the people in the colonies as animals instead of as human be rags.
4. Medieval ghettoes were probably like the Jewish quarters in Marrakech--overcrowded, thousands of people living in a narrow street, houses completely windowless, and the whole area dirty and unhygienic.
5. If Hitler were here, all the Jews would have been massacred.
6. Those who work with their hands are partly invisible. It’s only because of this that the starved countries of Asia and Africa are accepted as tourist resorts. The people are not treated as human beings, and it is on this fact that all colonial empires are in reality founded.
7. See paragraph 18.
8. The old woman was surprised because someone was taking notice of her and treating her as
a human being. She accepted her status as an old woman, that is to say, as a beast of burden.
9, Every white man thought. "How much longer can we go on kidding these people? How long before they turn their guns in the other direction?" They knew they could not go on fooling these black people any longer. Some day they would rise up in revolt and free themselves.
Ⅲ. 1. Y es, it is. In this essay Orwell denounces the evils of colonialism or imperialism by mercilessly exposing the poverty, misery and degradation of the native people in the colonies.
2. He manages to show that he is outraged at the spectacle of misery, first, through the appropriate use of words second, through the clever choice of the scenes he describes; third, through the tone in which he describes these scenes and finally, by contrasting the indignation at the cruel handling of the donkey with the unconcern towards the fate of the human beings.
3. Because that shows the cruel treatment the donkeys receive evokes a greater feeling of sympathy in the breasts of the white masters than the miserable fate of the people. This contrast have on the reader an effect that the people are not considered nor treated as human beings.
4. Paragraphs 4-7 could as well come after 8-15 as before. Other groups of paragraphs could be rearranged. This indicates that the whole passage is made up of various independent examples or illustrations of the people's poverty and suffering. The central theme--all colonial empires are in reality founded upon this fact--gives unity and cohesion to the whole essay.
5. This essay gives a new insight into imperialism. Y es, he has succeeded in showing that
imperialism is an "evil thing".
6. Orwell is good at the appropriate use of simple but forceful words and the clever choice of the scenes he describes. His lucid style and fine attention to significant descriptive details efficiently conveyed to the readers the central idea "all colonial empires are in reality founded upon this fact", the fact that the people are not considered or treated as human beings.
IV. 1. The buring-ground is nothing more than a huge piece of wasteland full of mounds of earth looking like a deserted and abandoned piece of land on which a building was going to be put up.
2. All the imperialists build up their empires by treating the people in the colonies like animals (by not treating the people in the colonies as human beings).
3. They are born. Then for a few years they work, toil and starve. Finally they die and are buried in graves without a name.
4. Sitting with his legs crossed and using a very old-fashioned lathe, a carpenter quickly gives
a round shape to the chair-legs he is making.
5. Immediately from their dark hole-like cells everywhere a great number of Jews rushed out wildly excited.
6. Every one of these poor Jews looked on the cigarette as a piece of luxury which they could not possibly afford.
7. However, a white-skinned European is always quite noticeable.
8. If you take a look at the natural scenery in a tropical region, you see everything but the human beings.
9. No one would think of organizing cheap trips for the tourists to visit the poor slum areas (for these trips 42V．Ⅵ．Ⅶ. would not be interesting)．
10．life is very hard for ninety percent of the people．With hard backbreaking toil they can produce a little food on the poor soil．
11．She took it for granted that as an old woman she was the lowest in the community，that。she was only fit for doing heavy work like an animal．
12．People with brown skins are almost invisible．
13．The Senegales soldiers were wearing ready—made khaki uniforms which hid their beautiful well—built bodies．
14．How much longer before they turn their guns around and attack us?。
15．Every white man，the onlookers，the officers on their horses and the white N．C．Os．marching with the black soldiers，had this thought hidden somewhere or other in his mind．
Ⅴ.See the translation of the text．
Ⅵ.1．chant：words repeated in a monotonous tone of voice
2．navvy：abbreviation of ―navigator‖，a British word meaning an unskilled laborer，as on canals，，roads，etc．
3．Stow：put or hide away in a safe place
4．warp：bend，curve，or twist out of shape
5．self-contained：self—sufficient；having within oneself or itself all that is necessary
6．wretched：poor in quality，very inferior
7．mummified：thin and withered，looking like a mummy
8．reach—me—down：(British colloquialism)second—hand or ready—made clothing
9．charger：a horse ridden in battle or on parade
Ⅶ．cry指因痛苦、忧伤或悲哀而发出悲切的声音，并伴以流泪。weep更具体，强调流泪；sob指呜呜咽咽、一吸一顿地哭泣；wail指无法抑制悲哀而拖长声调痛哭；whimper43 指像受惊的小孩一样声音压抑地、时断时续地哭；moan 则指因悲伤或痛苦而低声地、拖长声调地哀叹。
2．mania本指狂郁精神病所表现出的症状，具体表现为喜怒无常，时哭时笑，行为不能自制；delirium指暂时性精神极端错乱(如酒醉发烧时)，具体表现为烦躁不安、语无伦次和产生幻觉；frenzy是非医学用语，指狂暴不能自制。hysteria在精神病学上指心因性紊乱，表现为容易激动、焦躁不安、感官和运动功能紊乱以及不自觉地模拟眼瞎、耳聋等。用于引申义时，mania指对于某事的爱好达到狂热的程度，成为癖好，如a mania for drinking(嗜酒)；delirium 指极度兴奋，如a delirium of joy(狂喜)；hysteria指强烈的、不可控制的感情爆发，如：She laughed and cried in her hysteria．(她又是笑又是哭，感情难以控制。)。
3．flash指突发的、短暂而耀眼的闪光；gleam指黑暗中闪现出的一束稳定的光线；sparkle 指星星点点的闪光；glitter 指由物体反射出的星星点点的闪光；glisten指外部亮光反射于沾水的平面上而显出的光亮；shimmer指由微波荡漾的水面反照出的柔和的闪光。Ⅷ．1．burying—ground(verbal noun in— ing + noun)：drinking cup，hiding place，diving board，waiting room，freezing point，carving knife，writing desk，typing paper，swimming suit 2．gravestone(noun +noun)：oilwell，silkworm，shirt— sleeves，girl—friend，gaslight，bloodstain，frogman，win— dow—pane
3．mid—air(adjective +noun)：half—brother，black—market，half—pay。darkroom，madman，double—talk，hothouse，handy man
4．orercrowding(adverb +verbal noun in—ing)：dry-cleaning，overeating，oversleeping，deep—freezing，underpricing，underrating，down—grading，up—dating 5．nine—tenths(adj．from a cardinal number +noun，from an44ordinal number) : one-fifth, two-sixths, three-eighths, one-ninth
IX. 1. "thread" as in "The little crowd of mourners...threaded their way across the market… ", indicating that the market was so crowded that the crowd could hardly pass through.
2. "rise", "sweat", "starve", and "sink" as in "They rise out of the earth, they sweat and starve for a few years, and then they sink back into the nameless mounds of the graveyard"-", giving a deep impression of how these people live a short and miserable life.
3. "sidle" as in "An Arab navvy working on the path nearby lowered his heavy hoe and sidled slowly towards us", showing clearly how a shy man walked carefully.
4. "grope" as in "Even a blind man .'. heard a rumour of cigarettes and came crawling out, groping in the air with his hand", presenting a clear picture of a blind man desiring to get a cigarette.
5. "mummify" as in "All of them are mummified with age and the sun "--", a forceful word indicating what a miserable state those women are in.
6. "hobble" as in"'" the file of old women had hobbled past the house with their firewood "'", indicating that these women could not walk properly because of the heavy load they were carrying.
7. "tip" as in """ its master tips it into the ditch """, showing how casually a master deals with his dead dog which has served him devotedly.
8. "stow" as in "I tore off a piece and he stowed it gratefully in some secret place under his rags", designating how much the poor navvy treasured that piece of bread.
Ⅹ.1.After the British army had lost all its equipment at Dunkirk, there was only a single armored
Lesson 1 Question: 1. Why did John Koshak decide to stay although he knew the hurricane would be bad? For the following reasons: For one thing, the house was 23 feet above sea level; for another,he was unwilling to abandon his home. 2. How did the man prepare for the hurricane? Why was a generator necessary? They filled bathtubs and pails. Besides, they checked out batteries for portable radio and flashlights, and fuel for the lantern. A generator was necessary because John's father wired several light bulbs to it and prepared a connection to the refrigerator. 3. What made it impossible for the Koshak to escape? It was impossible for the Koshers to escape both by car and on foot. The car's electrical system had been killed by water. Meanwhile, the water became too deep for them to escape on foot. 4. Why did John Koshak feel a crushing guilt? Because he blamed himself for underestimating the power of the hurricane and then endangering the whole family by his wrong decision not to flee safer inland. 5. Why did Grandma Koshak ask children to be sing? A: Because she knew how frightened the children were and wanted to boost their spirit. 6. What was a hurricane party? What happened to the party gores? A hurricane party was the one that was held by several vacationers to enjoy the spectacle of the hurricane with a clear and broad view in the fancy Richelieu Apartments from where they believed they would be safe. Richelieu Apartments were smashed apart by the hurricane and 26 people perished. 7. What did Grandma Koshak mean when she said," We lost practically all our possessions, but the family came through it. When I think of that, I realize we lost nothing important?" She meant that human lives are more important than material possessions. 8. How did the community of Gulfport act after Hurricane Camille was over? They managed to make their lives return to normal and began rebuilding their community without any delay. Paraphrase: 1. We're elevated 23 feet. Our house is 23 feet above sea level. 2. The place has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has ever bothered it. The house was built in 1915 and since then no hurricane has done any damage to it. 3. We can batten down and ride it out. We can prepare ourselves for the hurricane and manage to survive it without much damage. 4. The generator was doused, and the lights went out. Water got into the generator, and it didn't work. As a result, the lights were put out. 5. Everybody out the back door to the cars! Everybody go out though the back door and get into the cars. 6. The electrical system had been killed by water. The electrical system in the cars had been destroyed by water. 7. John watched the water lap at the steps, and felt a crushing guilt. When John watched the water inch its way up the steps, he felt a strong sense of guilt because he b
高级英语期末考试题型： Lexical work: Unit 1 1.ego: self, especially as contrast with another self or the world 2.disparity: a noticeable difference 3.prestigious: having prestige,i.e. general respect or admiration felt for someone or something, because they have high quality, social influence, success, etc. 4.allot: give as a share or set apart for a purpose 5.typify: be a typical example of, show all the most usual characteristics of something Unit 2 1.minute: very small 2.chartered: hired for use by a particular group or person 3.a standing order: a permanent request(for something by a customer) 4.extract: obtain by much effort 5.trinket: a small ornament(as a jewel or ring)of little value 6.flapping: swaying loosely, and making a noise, especially when moved by wind Unit 3 1.disorientation: confusion, loss of one's bearings 2.vistas: sweeping views 3.eerie: frightening because of strangeness or gloominess 4.tactile: relating to the sense of touch 5.redemption: forgiveness from the consequences of sin and evil which Christians believe was made possible by Jesus Christ's death on the cross赎罪. This is a religious term. 6.congealed: stiffened 7.wino: one who is chronically addicted to drinking wine Unit 4 1.constraints: restrictions, limitations 2.scale: a graded series/scheme/system of rank of order; something graded especially when used as a measure or rule尺度 3.norm: a standard, e.g. of behaviour or ability, that is regarded as average or generally accepted 4.formalities: a way of writing letters in accordance with accepted rules for official occasion 5.tautologous:unnecessarily repetitive, obvious 6.veribage:too many unnecessary words in speech or writing Unit 5 1.sulk: be silently bad-tempered 2.surreal: having a strange dreamlike unreal quality 3.malevolent: having a wish to harm others, showing intense ill will; here, strong, adverse, harmful 4.torrential:(rain)pouring down rapidly and in great quantities 5.radically: drastically: severely 6.accentuate: make(something)more noticeable Unit 6
Everyday Use for Your Grandmama I. Give brief answers to the following questions, using your own words as much as possible: 1) In real life what kind of woman is the mother 2) What kind of woman would Dee like her mother to be? 3) How does the mother act when she meets a strange white man? 4) What kind of girl is Maggie? 5) Why do you think colored people asked fewer questions in 1927? 6) Why does the mother say Dee will never bring her friends to visit them? What does this tell about Dee? Give other instances to prove your point. 7) Why did Dee want the quilt so much? 8) Why did Maggie want the quilt? 9) Why did Dee visit her mother and sister? 10) What is the mother ' s feeling toward Dee? How is it changed in the course of the story? 11) What is implied by the subtitle ‘ for your grandmama ''? II. Paraphrase: 1) She thinks her sister has held life always in the palm of one hand 2) ”no” is a word the world never learned to say to her 3) Johnny Carson has much to do to keep up with my quick and witty tongue. 4) It seems to me I have talked to them always with one foot raised in flight 5) She washed us in a river of make-believe
Unit1 Paraphrase 1.Our house is 23 feet above sea level. 2.The house was built in1915, and since then no hurricane has done any damage to it. 3.We can make the necessary preparations and survive the hurricane without much damage. 4.Water got into the generator, it stopped working. As a result all lights were put out. 5.Everyone go out through the back door and get into the cars! 6.The electrical systems in the cars had been destroyed/ruined by water. 7.As john watched the water inch its way up the steps, he felt a strong sense of guilt because he blamed himself for endangering the family by making the wrong decision not to flee inland. 8.Oh, God, please help us to get through this dangerous situation. 9.She sang a few words alone and then her voice gradually grew dimmer and stopped. 10.Janis didn't show any fear on the spot during the storm, but she revealed her feelings caused by the storm a few nights after the hurricane by getting up in the middle of the night and crying softly. Practice with words and expressions A 1.main:a principal pipe, conduit, or line in a distributing system for water, gas, electricity, etc.
《高级英语阅读二》期末试题 （请把答案写在试题下面的“答案卷”上，在离线作业栏目提交） I Read Lesson 8 ，Text A “The Girl in the Fifth Row”， translate the following two sentences into Chinese. (阅读教材《高级英语阅读教程（下册）》第八课课文A，翻译以下句子) On my first day as an assistant professor of education at the University of Southern California, I entered the classroom with a great deal of anxiety. My large class responded to my awkward smile and brief greeting with silence. For a few moments I fussed with my notes. Then I started my lecture, stammering; no one seemed to be listening. II Read lesson 3 ,Text A “To the Victor Belongs the Language”, answer the following Questions (阅读教材第三课课文A ，回答问题)： To the Victor Belongs the Language By Rita Mae Brown Language is the road map of a culture. It tells you where its people come from and where they are going. A study of the English language reveals a dramatic history and astonishing versatility. It is the language of survivors, of conquerors, of laughter. A word is more like a pendulum than a fixed entity. It can sweep by your ear and through its very sound suggest hidden meanings; preconscious associations. Listen to these words: "blood," "tranquil," "democracy.'' Besides their literal meanings, they carry associations that are cultural as well as personal. One word can illustrate this idea of meaning in flux: "revolution." The word enters English in the 14th century from Latin via French. (At least that's when it was first written; it may have been spoken earlier.) "Revolution" means a turning around; that was how it was used. Most often "revolution'' was applied to astronomy to describe a planet revolving in space. The word carried no political meaning. "Rebellion" was the loaded political word. It too comes from Latin (as does about 60 percent of our word pool), and it means a renewal of war. In the I4th century "rebellion" was used to indicate a resistance to lawful authority. This can yield amusing results. Whichever side won called the losers rebels—they, the winners, being the repositories of virtue and
THE LOONS 课后习题答案/answer I . 1)The Tonnerres were poor The basis of their dwelling was a small square cabin made of poles and mud, which had been built some fifty years before. As the Tonnerres had increased in number, their settlement had been added, until thc clearing at the foot of the town hill was a chaos of lean-tos, wooden packing cases, warped lumber, discarded car tyres, ramshackle chicken coops, tangled strands of barbed wire and rusty tin cans. 2)Sometimes, one of them would get involved in a fight on Main Street and be put for the night in the barred cell underneath the Court House. 3)Because she had had tuberculosis of the bone, and should have a couple of months rest to get better. 4)Her mother first objected to take Piquette along because she was afraid that the girl would spread the disease to her children and she believed that the girl was not hygienic. She then agreed to do so because she preferred Piquette to the narrator's grandmother, who promised not to go along with the family and decided to stay in the city if the girl was taken along. 5)The cottage was called Macleod, their family name. The scenery there was quite beautiful with all kinds of plants and animals at the lakeside. 6)The narrator knew that maybe Piquette was an Indian descendant who knew the woods quite well, so she tried to ask Piquette to go and play in the wood and tell her stories about woods. 7)Because Piquette thought the narrator was scorning and showing contempt for her Indian ancestors, which was just opposite to her original intention. 8)Because the narrator felt somewhat guilty. Piquette stayed most of the time in the cottage and hardly played with the narrator. At the same time, she felt there was in Piquette something strange and unknown and unfathomable. 9)That was the very rare chance she was unguarded and unmasked, so that the author could perceive her inner world. 10)Her full name is Vanessa Macleod. 11)Just as the narrator's father predicted, the loons would go away when more cottages were built at the lake with more people moving in. The loons disappeared as nature was ruined by civilization. In a similar way, Piquette and her people failed to find their position in modern society. Ⅱ. 1)who looked deadly serious, never laughed 2)Sometimes old Jules, or his son Lazarus, would get involved in a rough, noisy quarrel or fight on a Saturday night after much drinking of liquor. 3)She often missed her classes and had little interest in schoolwork. 4)I only knew her as a person who would make other people feel ill at ease. 5)She lived and moved somewhere within my range of sight (Although I saw her, I paid little attention to her). 6)If my mother had to make a choice between Grandmother Macleod and
Inaugural Address I. Choose the one which is equal to the word given blow: 1. inaugural A. holy and sacred place in a church B. formal speech made by a person on taking office C. shelter from trouble, danger D. talk for the purpose of teaching 2. sovereign A. self-governing B. self-sufficient C. self-centered D. self-respected 3. subversion A. rebuilding B. succession C. destroying D. salvage 4. invective A. beautiful words B. facial expressions C. convincing speech D. abusive language 5. invoke A. call forth B. take down C. put up D. take the form of 6. prescribe A. order or direct B. produce C. protect D. agree 7. tribulation A. contribution B. delivery C. distribution D. great difficulty or trouble 8. adversary A. a person who gives advice B. a friend C. an enemy D. a listener
湖北第二师范学院省级精品课程:《高级英语》第二册 综合测试(1) A Comprehensive Test On Book Two Adv. Eng. Ⅰ. For each of the following word, there are four choices marked A,B,C,D. Choose the one which best explains the word given: 20% 1. intricate A. difficult B. complicated C. invalid D. simple 2. eradicate A. cut into many small parts B. go round in circle C. draw together into a small space D. put an end to; destroy 3. wax A. grow bigger or greater
B. become less or smaller C. drop heavily D. cover with thick coating 4. squash A. invade B. infer C. squeeze D. separate 5. veer A. move forward B. look sideways C. change directions D. pour out 6. exultant A. triumphant B. ecure C. exhausted D. overflowing 7. unsightly A. invisible B. ugly C. precipitate
Unit1 1.An inblance between the rich and poor is the oldest and most fatal ailment of republics 贫富不均乃共和政体最致命的宿疾 2.Their poverty is a temporary misfortune,if they are poor and meek,they eventually will inherit the earth 他们的贫穷只是一种暂时性的不幸，如果他们贫穷但却温顺，他们最终将成为世界的主人 3.Couples in love should repair to R H Macy?s not their bedroom 热恋的夫妇应该在梅西百货商店过夜，而不是他们的新房 4.The American beauty rose can be produced in the splendor and fragrance which bring cheer to its beholder only by sacrificing the early buds which grow up around it.and so is in economic life.It?s merely the working out of the a law of the nature and a law of god 美国这朵玫瑰花以其华贵与芳香让观众倾倒，赞不绝口，而她之所以能被培植就是因为在早期其周围的花蕾被插掉了，在经济生活中情况亦是如此。这是自然规律和上帝的意志在起作用 5.(it has become) an economically not unrewarding enterprise. （它已成为）经济上收入不菲的行业 6.There is~~no form of oppression that is quiet so great,no constriction on thought and effort quiet so comprehensive,as that which come from having no money at all 没有哪种压迫比身无分文更厉害，也没有哪种对思想和行为的束缚比一无所有来得更全面彻底 7.Freedom we rightly cherish,cherishing it,we should not use it as a cover for denying freedom to those in need 我们珍惜自由式对的。正因为珍惜自由，我们就不能以此为借口，不给最需要自由的人自由 8.Whether they be in Erhiopa,the south bronx,or even in such an Elysium as LosAngeles,we resolve to keep them off our minds 不管他们生活在埃塞俄比亚，还是在纽约的南部布朗克斯区，甚至是洛杉矶这样的天堂，人们都决心不去为这些人操心 9~~he is enjoy, as indicated, unparalleled popularity in high Washington circles. 如上述所说，他在华盛顿高层当中有无比的威望 https://www.doczj.com/doc/71332125.html,passion , along with the association public effort is the least comfortable.the least convenient course of behavior and action in our time同情心，加上与之相关的社会努力是人们这个年代，最令人不快的行为何行动方针 Unit2 1.It was an idyllic life ,and we lived close to our family and to the comforts and safety a small town could afford 这是一种田园式的生活，我们和亲戚住的很近，享受着小镇生活所能给予我们的舒服和安全 2.But papa was a man of enterprise,he realized that the untouched Ten Thousand Islands off the southwest coast of the sate were rich in soil for crops and in game for food 但父亲是一个很有上进心的人，他知道佛罗里达州西南海岸的万岛群岛还没有被开发，那儿土壤肥沃，适于耕种，而且猎物充足，不必担心食物来源 3.This third day out,and the days to come,found us in the unsettled wilds of florida 出发后的第三天以及以后的日子里，我们都在佛罗里达无人居住的荒野中穿行 4.Its underwater grasses looked like green ribbons,constantly unrolling,and the trees held thick sprays of wild orchids 水里的水草就像绿色的丝带不断地伸展开来，野兰花一簇一簇地挂满了枝头 5.The burly arms of oaks were huge with ferns and blooming bromeliads.Redbirds,tanagers and painted buntings flew back and forth across the trail,leaving a child with the impression that the woods were tossing with jewels
福师《高级英语（二）》第六课 Mansfield，Katherine (1888-1923)， pseudonym of KATHLEEN MANSFIELD BEAUCHAMP，British short-story writer， born in Wellington， New Zealand. She is considered one of the great masters of the short-story form. At the age of 18 she settled in London to study music and to establish herself as a writer. In 1918 she married the English literary critic John Middleton Murry. She spent the last five years of her life seeking a cure for the tuberculosis that afflicted her. Mansfield's stories are poetic， delicate, and ironic； they are characterized by a subtle sensitivity to mood and emotion，revealing the inner conflicts her characters face and resolve. Her style， much influenced by that of the Russian writer Anton Chekhov，in turn had great influence on later short-story writing. Collections of her short fiction include In a German Pension (1911)； Bliss (1920)， which contains stories evocative of her homeland； and The Garden Party (1922)， her finest work. The Dove's Nest (1923) and Something Childish (1924)，both edited by her husband，were published after Mansfield's death， as were collections of her poems，journals， and letters.
Keys ( Lesson One To Lesson Seven) VERBAL PRACTICE III. Particles 1. relaxed 2. packed, gliding, fitting 3. disguised 4. blunted 5. spreading，involving 6. leading 7. added 8. prevailing, raised 9. canceled, determined 10.folding, watching, fascinated 11.doting 12.failed 13.hurried, pretending 14.faded 15.renewed Ⅳ. Diction and V ocabulary A. 1.meager/scanty 2.ahead of 3.tram, pavement, wallet/pocketbook 4.boarded it 5.baggage 6.besides/apart from 7.great 8.beamed 9.carriage D.1. get him into trouble 2.sensed 3.keep me company 4.are weighed down 5.took refuge in 6.engrossed, failed 7.to take advantage of 8.to play hokey 9.tiptoed, intrude upon 10.keep up with 11.are looking forward to/look forward to/have been looking forward to 12.tripped over 13.cared 14.practice 15.due E.1. I can’t imagine what prompted him to pursue a graduate program at his age. 2. He set out at six, an hour ahead of his usual time for going to office. 3. I could see Jimmy was eager to tell me about the interview. Laughingly, he said,” When I walked to the desk, the manager looked up, took stock of me, then asked me a few questions and said ‘OK’.” 4.Virtually under house arrest, the general took refuge in traditional Chinese painting and calligraphy and found peace and solace in ink and water. 5.As the Shanghai-Beijing train was due to leave at 17:25, I had to take a taxi .Shortly after I boarded the train and found my berth, it started to move. 6. Like Mrs. Taylor, Mrs. Green lives a lonely life on a skimpy pension Cooped up in a small dreary room day after day , she is starved for company. 7.The women scientist said, “I can do without jewels, I can even do without a car, but I can’t do without my books and laboratory.” 8.The istle and bustle before setting out, the car ride and the picnic itself filled the children with thrill and excitement. 9.As the boat sailed on, the young girls were enthralled by the picturesque scenery around them. 10.Anne was surprised to find Stephen in the corridor. “What is he doing here at this hour of the night?” she asked herself. 11.For a moment I did not recognize her, for instead of the lively girl I knew, she