UNIT 1
The Permit
I think the building must have been used as a farmer’s winter
store for I found piles of forgotten dried chestnuts and grain in rotten barrels. I tried the chestnuts but they tasted sour, Paulo said he would bring me food, but that was three days ago.
Yesterday, I heard a car engine getting closer, and climbed up to hide in the beams of the patched roof. But the men just looked in
quickly through the worn-out windows and broken doors before they left.
I clung to the dusty wooden beam, feeling it would bend under my weight, and tried to make no noise. My arms and legs grew numb, and then began to tremble. I longed to move, but I waited until I heard the policemen drive off.
I know that they will return. When we began the final part of our journey, we were warned that the police patrolled the land around here regularly. They are always searching for us, or others like us; the coast of Morocco and the presidio of Ceuta are only ten miles away across the Straits.
That is how I got here: squeezed in with fifteen other men in a shallow boat meant for eight, with the cold waves reaching over the sides and the night deep and black as a tomb. I had never been more scared. I prayed all the way across, and thought about my family. I told myself, over and over, that I was doing it for them. That trip took almost all of my money. All of the money I had saved in Ecuador. The boatmen left us on a beach in the middle of the night. We lost sight of
them but we could still hear their small engine across the waves. Six of us started walking inland but the others waited for the contacts, the friends of the boatmen, as they had been told.
We were lucky: we met Paulo. We found the town and waited until the first bar opened; I went in alone while the others hid in the orchard nearby. When I asked for a cup of coffee, the young barman looked at me and nodded. He made the coffee, and then disappeared into the back room. Cold and without strength, I wrapped my hands around the warm cup, not caring whether the barman had called the police, not caring about the next moment, just about the present.
But the man had called Paulo, who came and helped us. Paulo was always smiling, always happy. He was from Seville, a busy city of many people, and he knew many people. Paulo found work for us. I made good money on the farms. I picked cabbages, beans, cucumbers and peas. I picked great round yellow squashes that smelled of rich perfume when you broke them. The farmers hired us by the day, and were content. The local people would never work for the wages we were paid. But there were many farms, and many crops to be picked. We were welcomed.
I shared a small clean house in the town with seven other workers. We had journeyed from Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, even Argentina. Paulo found the house for us—he knew the landlord and arranged a good price. We lived well, with enough food and sometimes wine. I earned more in a week than I could in three months back home if there had been work to do there.
I sent most of the money that was left to my wife and parents, and wrote many letters to them. Then the government changed the rules so
that we needed work permits.
I queued with hundreds of other workers, waiting for the
application forms. We sat on the stone benches beneath the trees and read the forms. Some of the other workers were from small villages and towns, and cannot read as well as I can, so I explained to them that the government wanted our birth certificates, driving licenses, passports and many other documents. Many of the workers had perhaps one or two of these documents, but most had none. I helped the others
第 1 页共3 页
complete the forms and we gave them to the clerk. He looked at our documents, stamped the forms many times and told us that they would be sent to Madrid, and our permits would be returned in two or three months if the forms were approved.
We had to wait. Even Paulo and his friends could not help us.
The first month was not too bad as most of the farmers continued to use us; their crops were rich, waiting to be picked. Then some men from Madrid visited all of the farms, and maybe half of the farmers stopped using us. The farmers told us that they were sorry, and we understood them.
So the second month was worse: only a few of the farmers would use us, and those that did pay very poor wages. We shared what we had, and ate once a day: rice, porridge, bread, cheap food that would fill our
stomachs. We began to stare at each other, and wonder which of us would find work. There were fights in the morning, between different groups of workers, when the farm s’supervisors came to choose who would work that day. But still we had some hope.
We lost the house in the third month, as we had no money for rent. We were able to get some food from the charity kitchens around the town, and the church, but we found always a long queue and very little food. We took our bags and blankets and slept in the fields. Then the weather became cold and we slept where we could, huddle together, in old forgotten buildings and alleys. Sometimes I dreamed of my family, and when I awoke, I wished the dream could continue.
The people of the town stared at us from the sides of their eyes as they passed us. They clenched their hands and muttered, and some of them spat on the pavement. A few of us were attacked and beaten in the dark, and driven from the parks and streets. All of the time, the police told us to move on, move on.
It is the end of the third month when it happened.
The farmers hired coaches and sent them into the town. From four o’clock in the morning we waited in agitating silence, hands pushed deep into pockets, our hats pulled down tight against the cold and the watching policemen.
By the time the coaches arrived, there were hundreds of workers waiting in the darkness. We pressed forward as the doors opened. The supervisors stood on the bottom steps of the coaches and asked, “Who has the permit?”
The men with permits held them up and were allowed onto the coaches.
Some of the workers were from the countries in Europe and did not need permits, so they were allowed on when they showed their passports.
I went from coach to coach until I saw a group of Chileans, who I knew have no permits, climbing aboard awaiting coach. The leader of their
group spoke first with the supervisor and shook his hand, and then they were taken on. I stood before the supervisor.
“You have the permit?” he asked me. He was broad, stout and
filled the doorway of the coach. His fat neck spilt from the upturned collar of his leather jacket. His hair was shaven close to his head. I explained to him that my application was rejected but I would try again.
“Come back when you have a permit,” he told me. He frowned as he inhaled a smoke and looked down the avenue to where the policemen
watching the coaches. I explained to him that I was a hard worker, that
I had eaten only once in three days, that I was eager to work and send money to my family.
He looked at the policemen, who had started walking along the pavement beside the coaches, an d glared at me and said, “Go to Madrid
and tell them.”
The Chileans were laughing and pointing at me through the coach windows.
The supervisor tossed his half-finished cigarette into the gutter
by my foot. At the moment I stabbed him in the stomach. He bent down
with a small cry.
The policemen looked at us and I began to run away from the coaches, into the dark side streets. I heard loud running steps close behind me, and the roar of car engines.
I slid into the shadows of a shop’s back door, behind two tall metal containers that stank of rotten meat and spoiled foodstuff. I gasped, and each breath burnt. My heart hammered against my chest.
I waited for a long time until the sounds of the cars and people faded. I walked slowly to the end of the alley, and looked out, but the streets were empty.
I had run almost to the river; I could hear it rushing in the darkness beneath me.
My right hand felt cold. I looked down in the yellow light of a street lamp, and saw my hand still clenched into a fist. It looked like the hand of another person, not part of me. A short blade, no longer
than my thumb, stuck out from the fist. The blade, my fist, and my
sleeve were all stained dark red.
Paulo gave me the knife when I picked cucumbers on the farms. The sho rt blade was very sharp, made for cutting the plants’ stalks.
I scrambled down to the banks of the river and threw the knife into the river water. I heard it splashed far away. The river touched my feet.
I bowed down and washed my sleeve and hands, although the water was so cold, like ice, that my hand became numb. Then I walked back up to the street.
I found some of the other workers hiding in the deserted warehouse we had found. One of them went to find Paulo, who came and told me about the old farm buildings near to the coast road.
I waited until darkness before I followed the road out of the town, throwing myself into the ditch if I heard a car approaching.
The weather has been clear and I have seen the coast of Morocco every day. Across the blue sea, the land is a strip of dark brown and gray, and looks close enough for me to touch. Maybe I could find an old tractor tyre tube around the farm and float across the Straits? Or maybe I could walk along the shore and steal a boat?
I do not want to become a thief. I am an honest man who wants only to work and support his family. But what can I do?
I will wait here for Paulo and listen to him. He will tell me what to do for the best. I know that he will help me.
displacement n. dramatic adj. eventually adv. exhibit vt.展出, exploitation n. 广告fluctuations n.波动highlighted adj. implicit adj. 的, 绝对的induced vt.劝诱, inevitably adv. infrastructure n. inspection n.检查, intensity n.强烈, manipulation n. offset n.抵销, vi.偏移, paragraph n.(文章) plus prep.加上adj. practitioners n. predominantly 有影响的prospect n.景色, radical adj.根本的random n.随意, 胡乱地reinforce vt.加强, 固n.加固物restore vt.恢复, revision n.修订, schedule n.时间表tension n.紧张( 使紧张termination n.终止thereby adv.因此, uniform adj. 样, 使穿制服vehicle n. via prep.经, 通过, virtually adv. widespread adj. visual adj.看的, accommodation n.铺位, (眼睛等的) analogous adj. anticipate vt.预期 vt.显得大, 显,设备；【计】安装 ,(票据等)到期的 , 开导, 形成河能充分理解的, 包 , 支配 , 【化】实铁道车辆, 才能
、accident n. 意外事件, 事故 2、achievement n. 成就, 功绩 3、activity n. 活跃, 活动性, 行动, 行为 4、adopt vt. 采用, 收养 5、advantage n. 优势, 有利条件, 利益 6、Afford vt. [常与can, could, be able to 连用]担负得起费用(损失、后果等), 花费得起, 经受得住; 抽得出(时间) 7、ambition n. 野心, 雄心 8、approach n. 接近, 逼近, 走进, 方法, 步骤, 途径, 通路vt. 接近,动手处理vi. 靠近 9、attract vt. 吸引vi. 有吸引力, 引起注意 10、bribe [braib] n. 贿赂vt. 贿赂, 向...行贿 11、chance n. 机会, 可能性, 偶然性, 运气 12、cheat n. 欺骗, 骗子v. 欺骗, 骗取 13、client n. [计]顾客, 客户, 委托人 14、Communication n. 传达, 信息, 交通, 通讯 15、compare v. 比较, 相比, 比喻n.比较 16、compete vi. 比赛, 竞争 17、Concentrate v. 集中, 浓缩 18、Consequently adv. 从而, 因此 19、contribution n. 捐献, 贡献, 投稿 20、Convenient adj. 便利的, 方便的 21、decline vi. 下倾, 下降, 下垂v. 拒绝, 衰落 22、decrease n. 减少, 减少之量v. 减少 23、demand n. 要求, 需求(量), 需要v.要求, 需要, 要求知道, 查询 24、Depict vt. 描述, 描写 25、Duality n. 二元性 26、Economy n. 经济, 节约, 节约措施, 经济实惠, 系统, 机体, 经济制度的状况 27、education n. 教育, 训导, 训练, 培养, 教育学 28、effect n. 结果, 效果, 作用, 影响, (在视听方面给人流下的)印象 29、Efficiency n. 效率, 功效 30、Emphasis n. 强调, 重点 31、enjoy vt. 享受...的乐趣, 欣赏, 喜爱 32、Enrich vt. 使富足, 使肥沃, 装饰, 加料于, 浓缩 33、ensure vt保证, 担保, 使安全, 保证得到v. 确保, 确保, 保证 34、Entertain vt. 娱乐, 招待, 接受, 怀抱vi. 款待 35、Environment n. 环境, 外界 36、Expense n. 费用, 代价, 损失, 开支, 费钱之物 37、fee [fi:] n. 费(会费、学费等), 酬金 38、figure n. 外形, 轮廓, 体形, 图形, 画像, 数字, 形状, 身份 39、finance n. 财政, 金融, 财政学vt. 供给...经费, 负担经费vi.筹措资金 40、fulfill vt. 履行, 实现, 完成(计划等) 41、GDP abbr. 国内生产总值(gross domestic product)
考研英语复习计划及详细方案 案例一： 我英语底子薄，基础差。。现在该怎么复习英语呢？ 哎，四级刚刚过，六级考了一次三百八十来分，对于英语，我真的无语了…… 考研的路上就英语就能拖累死…… 有什么好的办法短时间提高英语的应试能力吗？ 案例二： 我英语现在四级还没有过，考研的单词我已经背了三分之二。可一看文章我还是什么都不会。而且感觉很吃力。希望那个有识之士给段指点。我是否该报一个基础的英语班。 案例三： 英语基础差考研应该怎么复习？比如：用什么参考书?分几步复习等等?有那位大大能给点建议？谢谢了！ 以上三个同学的情况，可能说到了大多数英语较差的痛处，为此，新东方考研为大家整理出了一些英语基础较差的同学复习考研英语的一些经验，希望能够帮助大家提高考研英语的成绩，顺利考上研究生。 考研英语复习经验分享一：找到最适合自己的学习方法 最近总看见学弟学妹们在论坛里高呼，我的英语基础不好怎么办，怎么才能达到复习效果。整天在那儿求助怎么复习，却不能付诸于行动，要么是没有自信心和毅力要么就是没有找到适合自己学习的一套方法。我不是在此批评大家，我也想给大家最中肯的建议，如果觉得我说的没用，您可以忽略。 我是12年的考生，我的英语基础也不好，不知道大家是怎么衡量自己的英语水平的，我想我可能是很差的那种吧，英语四级裸考425分，六级复习了但还是未果。大三决定要考研时的我很迷茫，不知道怎么去复习也不知道怎样去选择参考书，我考的传播学，是不考数学的，大学本专业也是新闻，专业课相对来说没多大的问题，主要就是放在政治和英语的复习上。
从四月中旬我开始背的单词，当时背的是星火。英语单词几乎是天天要背的，所以最好是给自己一个计划，多少天背完一遍，每天应该背多少个，什么时候背应该规划清楚，这样防止自己偷懒而有计划的实施。背单词的过程中，不但要大量快速地背，还要针对一定数量的单词量进行反复记忆，中间间隔的时间不宜过长，两至三个小时为妙。然后，每隔几天后再把此前背过的单词复习一遍，如此循环下去，你的任务量会越来越轻，自信也会相应提高。至于什么时候背，我补充下，这个因人而异吧，只要你想要学习，随时随地都可以将零散的那部分时间利用起来。我用的就是卡片记忆法，可以充分利用零散时间背单词，就把白纸裁成名片大小的纸片，一面写满词汇，另一面写满与词汇编码对应的意思。卡片的好处就是可以随身携带，当我们拿出卡片看到单词要在头脑里反应出其意思，看到意思要能反应出单词拼写、词性及相关意思的单词，这个方法还是师兄告诉我的，个人觉得很用的。 在复习词汇时特别要注意熟词生义的情况，熟词生义指那些我们以前学习过的熟词，这类词的某些意思我们已经掌握，但在考研词汇大纲中，它们又有一些新的意义，如book,“预定”：change,“找头”；second,“赞成，附和；school,“学派“等等。对于这些新的意义，我们一定要高度重视，因为这些是命题人最偏爱的考点。考研英语词汇中有很多音形义相近的情况，如果不仔细辨析，往往会造成混淆。如:respectablea.值得尊敬的，有好名声的；respectful,a.尊敬他人的，恭敬的；Respectivea.单个的，分别的，就是一级形义近易混词。本人和研友总结的经验认为，一味孤立地背记某个词的词义是远远不够的，只有经常进行音、形、义近词辨析的工作，才能更准确更牢固地掌握每个词的意思。英语中绝大部分词都是由词根加前缀或后缀组成的，我们要掌握词根背单词。还有就是区分单词的本义、比喻义和引申义背单词。区分单词的各种意义、找到这些不同意义之间的联系是很容易一次将全部意义整体记住的。如divert本义是“转向”、“使转移”，引申为“娱乐”、“使消溃”。 前事不忘，后事之师。单词要反复记忆，一定要注意延续性，但别忘了学习方法需要因人而异量身裁衣。 七月初我开始做的阅读，用的是胡敏的200篇，个人觉得难度和取材比较还趋近真题。我没有去做模拟题，我觉得这个比较浪费财力和精力，当然最好的阅读就是真题，真题要多做，适当的可以买本阅读练习，精读下里面的文章对完形和作文都是很有帮助的。当然最头疼的莫过于长难句了，基本占到阅读文章的一半，而翻译考的基本就是长难句找出成分正确组合以及某些单词的适宜的中文表达。所以语法、长难句这大难关一定要挺过。 其实所有的学习，包括词汇，阅读，真题，作文都是融会贯通的。就如同记单词，最好不要脱离语境，在阅读里记忆效果最佳，脱离了语境的词汇变成了完全抽象的符号，当然难记了。记得一位老师说过"阅读的最高境界是再现"，你研 究透了真题，可以很好的针对考研英语阅读上的解答。所以真题我做了6遍，我当是用的是《张剑的黄皮书》，觉得真题解析书大同小异，觉得里面的长难句
2005年版星火英语三十篇阅读贯穿考研词汇 u nit 1 ：The P ermit I t hink t he bu ilding mu st have been u sed as a f arm er's wint er stor e; I f ou nd piles of f or gott en dr ied chest nut s and gr ain in rott ing bar r els. I t r ied the chest nut s but t hey t ast ed sour and shar p, and som e of them ha d sm all t eeth-m arks in their dark, peeling skins. P au lo said he wou ld bring m e f ood, but that was thr ee days ago. Y est erday, I heard a car engine gett ing closer, and clim bed up t o hide in t he r aft ers of the pat ched roof, bu t t he Gu ar dia Civil m en j u st loo ked in qu ickly t hr ou gh the sm ashed windows and broken doors bef or e they left. I clung t o the dust y wooden raft er, f eeling it cr eak and bend under my weight, and tr ied t o make no noise. M y arm s and legs gr ew numb,then began t o tr emble,and I longed t o m ove, but I wait ed unt il I hear d the policem en dr ive off. I know that P au lo wou ld not have told them about m e. And I know that they will r etur n. When we began the f inal part of our jour ney, we wer e war ned t hat t he police patr ol the land around her e r egu lar ly. They ar e always sear ching for u s, or other s like u s; t he coast of Mor occo and the P r esidio of Ceut a ar e only t en m iles away acr oss the Str ait s. That is ho w I got her e: squ eezed in wit h f ift een ot her m en in a shallow boat m eant f or eight, with the cold waves r eaching over the sides and the night deep and black as a t omb. I have never been m or e scar ed.I pr ayed all t he way across, and thought about my f am ily. I told myself, over and over, that I was doing it for them. That tr ip t ook almost all of m y money. All of t he m oney I had saved back hom e in E cu ador, all of the money I had wor ked for on t he way. The boatm en left us on a beach in t he m iddle of t he night. We lost sight of t hem but we cou ld st ill hear t heir sm all engine acr oss t he waves. S ix of u s st art ed walking inland but the other s wait ed f or the cont act, the f r iends of t he boatm en, as t hey had been told, and m et the Gu ar dia C ivil inst ead. We wer e lu cky: we m et P au lo.We f ound the t own and wait ed u nt il the f irst bar opened; I went in alone while the other s hid in the or char d near by. When I asked f or cof f ee, the
容易忽略的熟词生义（500个） above / beyond: 介词，后面接抽象而不是具体名词时表示“无法做到”，例如：“above comprehension”的意思是“无法理解”。 in the absence of something: “缺少，没有”，用于替代“in short of”或者“be lacking in”。be absorbed in something: “专心从事”。 abuse: 用在物品词后面表示“过量使用”，用在有生命的事物后面则表示“虐待”。 have access to something: 这个短语最常用的意思是“to have something that you can use”，就是“能够用到”，当然，要根据它后面接的单词来判断其中文含义，比如“have access to town”表示“有道路通往市区”，“have access to the teacher”则是“有条件向老师请教”，而“have access to the Internet”则表示“有上网条件”。 accessible / available: 形容词，中文的含义同上。 by accident: 介词词组，属于副词用法，修饰动作，意思是“偶然”。 accommodate: 英文解释为“to accept someone's opinions and try to do what they want, especially when their opinions or needs are different from yours”或者“to get used to a new situation or to make yourself do this”，因此中文的意思是“接受；适应”。 account: 名词，“解释，解说，叙述”。 account for: 本身是“解释说明”的含义，但在使用时可以翻译成“是…的原因”。此外，在数字概念上表示“占…份额，比重”。 acknowledge: 这个词有两个常用含义，“向某个人表示感谢”或“承认”。 acquire: 这个词的中文非常灵活，通常由后面跟随的名词决定，如“acquire bad habits”就是“养成坏习惯”的含义。在商业用语中，该词则表示“吞并”。其名词形式acquisition也有这个含义。action: 在军事用语中可以表示“战斗”。 in action: 表示“正在起作用”。 adapt: 动词，在科技用语中表示“（将某个领域的研究成果）应用于（另一领域）”。 address somebody: “对某人说话，发言”。 adopt: 动词有“收养”的意思。 afford: 用法非常灵活，总的来讲表示“承担不起”，后面可以接表示金钱，时间或者情感的词汇。cannot afford to: 英文解释为“if you cannot afford to do something, you must not do it because it could cause serious problems for you”，所以这个词组的中文应当理解为“不应当，一定不要做”。 agent: 目前的含义主要指“行政职能机构”，比如美国的很多国家机构都叫agency，另外在生物化学领域，这个词翻译成“介质，载体”，而在计算机英语中则是“服务器”。 agree with: “使人或者身体的某个部分觉得舒适”。 agreeable: “惬意，令人愉快，恰倒好处”。 agreement: 在阅读文章时通常是“一致的意见”这个含义。 air: 名词有“气氛”的含义，动词则表示“公开表达或发表”。
unit 1 The Permit I think the building must have been used as a farmer's winter store; I found piles of forgotten dried chestnuts and grain in rotting barrels. I tried the chestnuts but they tasted sour and sharp, and some of them had small teeth-marks in their dark, peeling skins. Paulo said he would bring me food, but that was three days ago. Yesterday, I heard a car engine getting closer, and climbed up to hide in the rafters of the patched roof, but the Guardia Civil men just looked in quickly through the smashed windows and broken doors before they left. I clung to the dusty wooden rafter, feeling it creak and bend under my weight, and tried to make no noise. My arms and legs grew numb, then began to tremble, and I longed to move, but I waited until I heard the policemen drive off. I know that Paulo would not have told them about me. And I know that they will return. When we began the final part of our journey, we were warned that the police patrol the land around here regularly. They are always searching for us, or others like us; the coast of Morocco and the Presidio of Ceuta are only ten miles away across the Straits. That is how I got here: squeezed in with fifteen other men in a shallow boat meant for eight, with the cold waves reaching over the sides and the night deep and black as a tomb. I have never been more scared. I prayed all the way across, and thought about my family. I told myself, over and over, that I was doing it for them. That trip took almost all of my money. All of the money I had saved back home in Ecuador, all of the money I had worked for on the way. The boatmen left us on a beach in the middle of the night. We lost sight of them but we could still hear their small engine across the waves. Six of us started walking inland but the others waited for the contact, the friends of the boatmen, as they had been told, and met the Guardia Civil instead. We were lucky: we met Paulo. We found the town and waited until the first bar opened; I went in alone while the others hid in the orchard nearby. When I asked for coffee, the young barman looked at me and
displacement n. 移置 , 转移 , 取代 , 置换 , 位移 , 排水量dramatic adj. 戏剧性的 , 生动的 eventually adv. 最后 , 终 于 exhibit vt. 展出 , 陈列 n.展览品 , 陈列品 , 展品 v.展示exploitation n.开发 , 开采 , 剥削 , 自私的利用 , 宣传 , 广告 fluctuations n. 波动 , 起伏 highlighted adj. 突出的 implicit adj.暗示的 , 盲从的 , 含蓄的 , 固有的 , 不怀疑的, 绝对的 induced vt. 劝诱 , 促使 , 导致 , 引起 , 感应 inevitably adv. 不可避免 infrastructure n. 下部构造 , 基础下部组织 inspection n. 检查 , 视察 intensity n. 强烈 , 剧烈 , 强度 ,亮度 manipulation n. 处理 , 操作 , 操纵 offset n.抵销 , 弥补 , 分支 , vt.弥补 , 抵销 , 用平版印刷 vi.偏移 , 形成分支 paragraph n.(文章 )段 , 节 , 段落 plus prep.加上 adj.正的 , 加的 practitioners n. 从业者 , 开业者 predominantly adv.卓越的 , 支配的 , 主要的 , 突出的 , 有影响的 prospect n.景色 , 前景 , 前途 , 期望 vi. 寻找 , 勘探 radical adj. 根本的 , 基本的 , 激进的 n.激进分子 random n.随意 , 任意 adj.任意的 , 随便的 , 胡乱的adv.胡乱地 reinforce vt. 加强 , 增援 , 补充 , 增加 ...的数量 , 修补 , 加固n.加固物 restore vt.恢复 , 使回复 , 归还 , 交还 , 修复 , 重建 revision n. 修订 , 修改 , 修正 , 修订本 schedule n.时 间表 , 进度表 v.确定时间 tension n. 紧张 (状态 ), 不安 , 拉紧 , 压力 , 张力 , vt. 拉紧 , 使紧张 termination n. 终止 thereby adv.因此 , 从而 , 在那方面 , 在那附近 uniform adj. 统一的 , 相同的 , 一致的 ,；n.制服 vt.使成一 样 , 使穿制服 vehicle n. 交通工具 , 车辆 , 媒介物 , 传达手段 via prep.经 , 通过 , 经由 virtually adv. 事实上 , 实质上 widespread adj. 分布广泛的 , 普遍的 visual adj. 看的 , 视觉的 , 形象的 , 栩栩如生的accommodation n.住处 , 膳宿 , (车 , 船 , 飞机等的 )预定铺位 , (眼睛等的 )适应性调节 analogous adj.类似的 , 相似的 , 可比拟的 anticipate vt. 预期 , 期望 , 过早使用 , 先人一着 , 占先 v. 预订 , 预见 , 可以预料 assurance n.确信 , 断言 , 保证 , 担保attain vt. 达到 , 获得 v.达到 behalf n.为 , 利益 bulk n.大小 , 体积 , 大批 , 大多数 , 散装 vt.显得大 , 显得重 要 ceases v停.止 , 终了 ,n.停止 coherence n.一致 coincide vi. 一致 , 符合 commence v.开始，着手 concurrent n 同时发生的事件 adj.并发的，协作的，一致 的 confined adj. 被限制的，狭窄的，分娩 的 controversy n. 论战 ,争论 ,辩论 conversely adv.倒的 ,逆的 device n. 装置 ,设计 ,图案 ,策略 ,发明物 ,设备；【计】安 装设备驱动程序 devote v.投身于 ,献身于 diminish v.( 使 )减少 ,( 使)变小 distorted adj. 扭曲的 ,受到曲解 的 duration n. 持续时间 ,为期 erosion n. 腐蚀 ,浸蚀 ethical adj. 与伦理有关的 ,民族的 ,民族特有的 founded v.建立 ,创立 inherent adj.固有的 ,内在的 ,与生俱来的 insight n. 洞察力 ,见识 integral adj. 完整的 ,整体的 ,【数学】积分的 mature adj. 成熟的 ,到期的 ,充分考虑的 ,(票据等 )到期的 vt.使成熟vi. 成熟 ,到期 mediation n.仲裁 ,调解 ,调停 advocate n.提倡者 , 鼓吹者 vt.提倡 , 鼓吹 channel n.海峡 , 水道 , 沟 , 路线 vt.引导 , 开导 , 形成河道；信道 ,频道 classical adj.古典的 , 正统派的 , 古典文学的 comprehensive adj. 全面的 , 广泛的 , 能充分理解的 , 包容 的 comprise v.包含 , 由 ...组成 confirmed adj. 证实的 , 惯常的 , 慢性的 contrary adj.相反的 , 逆的 , decades n十.年 , 十 definite adj. 明确的 , 一定的 deny v.否认 , 拒绝 differentiation n. 区别 disposal n.处理 , 处置 , 布置 , 安排 , 配置 , 支配 empirical adj. 完全根据经验的 , 经验主义的 , 【化】实验式 equipment n.装备 , 设备 , 器材 , 装置 , 铁道车辆 , 才能extract n.精 , 汁 , 榨出物 , 摘录 , 选粹 vt.拔出 , 榨取 , 开方, 求根, 摘录, 析取, 吸取 foundation n.基础 , 根本 , 建立 , 创立 , 地基 , 基金 , 基金会
2018考研英语必背词汇（二） 11 The European Commission said that it had carried out“unannounced inspections” at big oil and biofuel companies, including Shell, BP, Norway’s Statoil, as well as at Platts, the world’s leading price-reporting agency. 欧盟委员会声称已经对大型的石油和生物燃料公司展开“抽检”，包括壳牌石油公司，英国石油公司，挪威国家石油公司，以及全球领先的报价机构，普氏能源资讯。 commission◆n. 委员会；犯（罪）v. 委任；委托【构词】com+miss(=send/cast,送,放出,派,错过)+ion【近】council n. 委员会；理事会【词组】in commission 服役中 shell n. 壳v. 去壳；剥落【派生】shell less a. 无壳的【近】crust n. 面包皮；硬外壳【词组】shell out 付款；交予 leading a. 前列的；主要的 agency n. 机构；代理；（政府的）局、处【构词】ag(=do/act,做,代理做)+ency 【近】department n. 部门；系；知识范围 （Business this week/May 18, 2013） 12 Charities who find Section501(c)(3)’s restrictions hamper their advocacy, often create a (c)(4) affiliate to pursue their lobbying agenda. 认为（美国国内税收法）501(c)(3)免税条款的限制条件（501(c)(3)定义的组织禁止参加与公职选举有关的政治活动）妨碍了其政治主张的慈善机构，常常会创造出一个符合501(c)(4)类型的隶属组织来从事他们的游说活动。 section n. 款；部件；阶层【构词】sect(=cut/divide,切、割)+ion) affiliate n. 隶属的机构 v. 使附属；接纳【派生】affiliative a. 有亲和力的 lobby v. 对……进行游说；陈情 n. 门厅；休息室；游说团【派生】lobbyist n. 说客
2014年 46) articulate 清晰的表达， 47) by all accounts根据、根据报道;byone’s own account 根据某人自己所说，letalone更别提， 48) intensity紧张，abruptly突然地，sudden突然，soft柔和的，passage段落，rarely很少、几乎不，composer作曲家，compose作曲、编写, 49) associate联系， 50) suffer遭受, inevitable不可避免, render转换、使变成; 2013年 46) strike打、震撼，for all尽管，style风格，urge需求、督促、鼓励，decoration装饰， 47)sacred神圣的，crude原始、粗糙，as opposed to与相反，shelter避难所， 48) ineffect实际上，urban城市，discernible容易看出的，discern看出、识别， 49)blame批评， 50)implicit隐含的，explicit明确的，reference谈到、提与、参考，synthetic人造的;
2012年 46) impulse冲动，unification统一、一致， generative生产的、生成的，generate产生， 47) constrain力劝、强迫、限制，constraint限制， 48) filter过滤, cognitive认知的， 49) empirical实证的、根据经验得到的,bias偏见， 50) track跟踪; 2011年 46) erroneous错误的，error错误， 47) sustain支持、维持，illusion幻觉，conscious有意识的， 48) justification合理，借口，justify证明是公正的，rationalization合理，exploitation剥削、开发, bottom底， 49) circumstance环境， 50) upside积极的、正面的，contain包含，be up to取决于，array展示、陈列、一系列; 2010年 46)rescue拯救，to the effect that大意是说，failed to不能，
翻译硕士（MTI）考研必备：常见词汇表 -P 小编网上查找中国日报常用词汇表A－Z，希望对大家词汇掌握有所帮助。以下为汉语P开头的单词，希望大家认真记忆。 帕金森症parkinsonism派出所local police station 排华政策policy of discrimination against the Chinese/ 排外主义exclusivism 潘多拉魔盒Pandora's box/ 攀比银行存款bankification 盘点stock count; take stock of/ 盘活存量资产liquidize remnant assets 抛砖引玉a modest spur to induce others to come forward with valuable contributions; throw a sprat to catch a whale/ 跑龙套utility man, play a bit role, general handyman 泡沫经济bubble economy 泡妞chase after the girls 赔了夫人又折兵, 花钱填无底洞throw good money after bad/ 配股allotment of shares；rationed shares 配件accessories 配套政策supporting policies 棚户shacks; family that live in shacks 碰钉子get snubbed 碰头会brief meeting ( A brief, small-scale, informal meeting with no fixed agenda, the main purpose of which is to exchange information.) 碰一鼻子灰be sent off with a flea in one's ear; be snubbedd; get a rebuff/ 批发市场wholesale market/ 皮包公司bogus company 疲软股票soft stock 啤酒肚beer belly 片面追求升学率place undue emphasis on the proportion of students entering schools of a higher level/ 骗汇、逃汇、套汇obtain foreign currency and false pretenses, not turn over foreign currency owed to the government and illegal arbitrage / 票贩子scalper, ticket tout 票房box office
考研英语详细的备考攻略 考研英语详细的备考攻略 ?概况篇 英语是全国统考的三门公共课之一。考试时间安排在第一天的下午，时长为3个小时，满分100分。 1.完形填空(10分)。共20个空，每空0.5分。这种题每年的平均分不是很高，在多数考生看来有些鸡肋，食之无味又弃之可惜。大多数辅导老师都会建议学生在考试的最后10—20分钟作答。 2.阅读理解(60分)。采用4+1+1的形式，阅读A部分有4篇文章(每篇文章400词左右)，每篇文章有5道题目，每题2分，共40分;阅读B部分有1篇文章，又叫新题型(500词左右)，有几种题型供选择，比如句子匹配题和段落匹配题以及小标题题型等。通俗的说新题型有点像长胖了的完型填空(也就是填词变成了填句子)，或者粉碎性骨折的完形填空(文章段落顺序完全打乱让你还原正确的段落顺序)。 阅读理解这50分无疑是你整个英语复习过程中的重中之重。好了，现在大家应该知道历届研友口中的“得阅读者得天下”是怎么来的了吧。 3.这里把阅读C部分(10分)单拿出来说，也是一篇文章，另一个名字是我们熟知的英译汉。这部分英语一和英语二稍有区别，英语一是句子翻译，把文章中的5处划线句子(150词左右吧)翻译成中文即可;英语二是段落翻译，要求把150词左右的一段或两段文章全部翻译。 这个题看似简单，其实在整个英语试卷中得分率很低，多年平均分都是3分上下。因为很多人在考场上写出来的中文基本都不是人话。
4.写作分为A部分和B部分，总分30分。其中A部分人称应用文或者小作文(约100词，满分10分)，书信形式居多;B部分人称大作文(200词上下，满分20分)英语一通常是图画作文，英语二通常是图表作文。 简单说明一下，在这4部分中，阅读理解的A部分和B部分再加上写作部分一共占了80分，绝对是复习的重点。完形填空和翻译占20分，可以说是复习的难点。 ?资料篇 这是一个老生常谈的问题。大家都知道真题是极好的复习资料，但是真题毕竟有限，大家觉得做完了也就完了，没有可以用的了，是不是应该做点模拟题，比如某某阅读500篇之类。我的回答是，绝对不用! 第一，模拟题的质量参差不齐，做了反而对你有误导。再说，你随便从淘宝上一找，各种各样的参考书实在是太多。就阅读而言，各种《某某阅读100篇》《某某250篇》还都说是命题专家或者考研命题组成员命题，都说是最接近真题的模拟题(再怎么接近真题不还是模拟题么?那我们为什么不用真题呢?)用脚想一想也知道，是每年好几个专家在小黑屋里用半个月一个月的时间整出来的那几篇阅读质量高，还是某个老师再加几个编辑整出来的上百篇阅读质量高? 第二，真题不够用?多数小伙伴对待真题的态度就是做一遍甚至两遍，然后对对答案，查查不认识的单词就完事了，这样的方法，对真题的使用率不到百分之十。具体怎么用真题，我会在后面具体介绍。 2.用哪本资料 ?时间规划篇 相信小伙伴们都知道，英语是考研必考的三门公共课之一。其复习要贯穿备考的全过程，尤其是前期需要投入大量时间精力夯实基础。因此，对英语复习而言当然是开始得越早越好。我在这儿先简
在职攻读硕士专业学位全国联考英语核心词汇核心单词词汇： 1、abandon Vt放弃，抛弃 n.放任，放纵否定。特别注意放任，放纵的含义 2、accessible a.易接近的；可被利用的；易受影响的；可理解的褒义词，通常表达对某事物的态度。 3、accommodation n.住处，膳宿主要是提供便利，满足需要的意思 4、acute a.敏锐的；剧烈的褒义 5、additional a.另外的，附加的，额外的通常用这个词引出对上下文观点和事物的追加叙述，因为是顺承关系，又是进一步阐述，引出的下文可以不太关注。 6、adequate a.适当的，足够的绝对地反映的正态度，表达对某观点、某事物的褒扬。 7、admitted a.被承认的，被确认无疑的正态度词。 8、advocate n.提倡者，鼓吹者vt.提倡，鼓吹对某原因或者提议进行辩护，在阅读中引申为拥护、支持的意思。 9、alter v.改变这个改变如果发生在观点上，非常值得关注，因为观点是顺承还是转折对整个文章结构至关重要，例： alter accepted views of ancient literary works 10、amused a.愉快的，好玩的，开心的通常为褒义词。 11、appropriate a. 适当的正态度 12、approval n.赞成；承认；正式批准不是停留在许可的表面，表达了赞同、认可、嘉奖的正态度 13、arguable adv.可论证地，可争辩地(贬义) 14、assert vt断言，声称没有正负态度的倾向性，提出观点、理论 15、assertion n.主张；断言，声明确认的观点 16、assess vt.评定，评估提出观点
考研英语必背单词 考研基础班必背62个前缀和52个后缀 一、常用前缀 1、aero:concerning the air or aircraft plane（飞机）—aeroplane（飞机） space（空间, 间隔）—aerospace（航空宇宙） aerogram aerometer aeromedicine 2、anti: against;opposite of nuclear（［核］核子的）—antinuclear（反对使用核武器的）matter（物质）—antimatter（反物质） war（战争、作战、打仗）—antiwar（反战的, 反对战争的）antiageing antifat antigas antinoise
3、auto: of or by oneself biography（传记）—autobiography（自传） criticism（批评, 批判）—autocriticism（自我反省, 自我检讨） autoalarm autosuggestion 4、be:to treat as the stated thing friend（朋友, 助手）—befriend（待人如友, 帮助） little（很少的, 矮小的,很少）—belittle（轻视, 使渺小, 使...显得渺小） becalm bepowder beside bemoan 5、bi: two;twice;double lingual（语言的）—bilingual（能说两种语言的）
cycle（自行车）—bicycle（脚踏车, 自行车） biweekly bipolar bilateral bisexual 6、bio:concerning living things chemistry（化学）—biochemistry（生物化学） sphere（圈子）—biosphere（生物圈） 7、by—:less important product（产品, 产物,）—by-product（副产品, 附加产物）way（路,道路）—byway（小道） by-effect by-business bytime 8、centi: hundredth part grade（等级）—centigrade（分为百度的, 百分度的, 摄氏温度的）