语段翻译练习
1．时间序列
A．She found herself minus the leg one week after consulting a doctor about a persistent swelling she attributed to hard work and play in New York City; it was an inoperable bone tumor. While it saved her life, an ensuring year of chemotherapy reduced the once stunning model to a bald shadow of her former self.
B．During the whole of a dull, dark and soundless day in the autumn of the year, when the clouds hung oppressively low in the heavens, I had been passing alone, on horseback, through a singularly dreary track of country.
C．At other houses the doors were slammed in my face, cutting short my politely and humbly couched request for something to eat.
D. He had flown in just the day before from Georgia where he had spent his vacation basking in
the Caucasian sun after the completion of the construction job he had been engaged in the South.
2．衔接与照应
A．我常见许多青年的朋友，聪明用功，成绩优异，而语文程度不足以达意，甚至写一封信亦难得通顺，问其故则曰其兴趣不在语文方面。
B．故宫是中国现存最好、最完整的古代建筑群，占地面积达72万平方米，建筑面积约15万平方米，由大小数十个院落组成，房屋九千多间。……
C．一边走着，似乎道旁有一个孩子，抱着一堆灿白的东西。驴儿过去了，无意中回头一看--他抱着花，赤着脚儿，向着我微微的笑。
D．朋友有点不好意思地解释说，买这座大房子时，孩子们还上着学，如今都成家立业了。E．这是一所设备和师资水平较高、学费比较昂贵、在全市知名度也比较高的中学。
F．那本书的作者没有自己的观点，书里都是人云亦云的东西。
3．主题与结论
A．Soccer is a difficult sport. A player must be able to run steadily without rest. Sometimes a player must hit the ball with his or her head. Players must be willing to bang into and being banged into by others. They must be put up with aching feet and sore muscles.
B．The time is now near at hand which must probably determine whether Americana are to be freemen or slaves; whether they are to behave any property they can call their own; whether their houses and farms are to be pillaged and destroyed, and themselves consigned to a state of wretchedness from which no human efforts will deliver them.
C．And that is the reason why, when youth is gone, every man will look back upon that period of his life with infinite sorrow and regret. It is the bitter sorrow and regret of a man who knows that once he had a great talent and wasted it, of a man who knows that once he had a great treasure and got nothing from it, of a man who knows that he had strength enough for everything and never used it.
D．八月一日第Ag-3 号合同项下的10万吨小麦，原定于十月底交货。你方在合同中保证提前交货且以此作为合同的条件。但是，这批小麦迄今尚未装运。对此，我们深表遗憾。
E．对每一个晴天丽日，对鸟语花香，我们感触倍加强烈。平日呼吸轻松，吞食自如，走路毫不费劲，一夜安寝到天明，我们几曾回味过其中的乐趣？
4．一词多译与同义复现
A．他说：“她这个人真有意思。”她说：“他这人挺有意思。”于是有人传言；他和她有了意思，要他们赶快意思意思。他发火了，说：“你们这样瞎说是什么意思？”传言者有点不好意思，便解释说：“仅仅是开开玩笑而已，绝没有别的意思。”事后，有人说：“真有意思。”也有人说；“真没意思。”
B．…yet, as it sometimes happens that a person departs his life, who is really deserving of the praises the stone cutter carves over his bones; who is a good Christian, good parent, child, wife or husband; who actually does have a disconsolate family to mourn his loss;…
C．Woman, Lover, Guilty of Duping Company
A court in Chongqing municipality sentenced a 36-year-old woman to six and a half years in
jail for registering a fake company to cheat a cement manufacturer of 280,000 yuan in August 2005.
The women’s boyfriend, surnamed Du, who is wanted in several cases, will be sentenced later.
During the trial last Wednesday, both Zou and Du blamed each other for plotting the fraud.
The court, however, ruled they were both responsible for their involvement in the con and pronounced them guilty.
5．词类转换
A．有时候，在工作中重要的倒是能否处理好人际关系，而不是有多大的才能。人际关系就是一种善于听取别人的意见，体察别人的需要，虚心接受批评的能力。善于处理人际关系的人敢于承认错误，敢于承担自己的责任，这是对待错误的一种成熟和负责任的态度。B．I t is physically impossible for a well-educated, intellectual, or brave man to make money the chief object of his object of his thoughts; as physically impossible as it is for him to make his dinner the principal object of them. All healthy people like their dinner, but their dinner is not the main object of their lives. So all healthy-minded people like making money—ought to like it and enjoy the sensation of winning it; but the main object of their lives is not money; it is something better than money.
C．男性不愿退休，与他们预想中将要失去的很多东西有关，其中主要是失去赚钱的机会，而不是丧失对工作依恋之情。
D．数以万计的非洲人越来越意识到他们的生活状况异常贫穷落后，这就促使他们采取坚决措施去创造新的生活条件。
E．A glance through his office window offers a panoramic view of the Washington Monument and the Lincoln Memorial.
6．重复与替代
A．《红楼梦》问世不久，就获得了广大读者的注意和喜爱。当时很快从北京传到南方。《红楼梦》故事成为当时人们谈话的中心，大量地被改编成说唱和戏剧在民间演出。中国出现了许多研究《红楼梦》的“红学家”。《红楼梦》在世界上也影响深远，不断地被翻译成英、法、日、俄、德等多种文字，介绍到国外去，深受各国人民的喜爱。音、美、日
等国也出现了许多《红楼梦》研究专家。《红楼梦》的确是世界文学宝库中的一部辉煌巨著。
B．1978年我以当时比较好的成绩考上了研究生，同年又考上了出国研究生。1979年10月去英国，第一次看到国外情况，对比自己的国家，我心里比较难受。我觉得有责任为建设自己的国家出一份力。
C．O ne is a Shanghainese so long as one works or runs a business there, never mind where one comes from. Global capital and talent have flocked there and it now has plenty of dwellers who do not speak Shanghainese.
7．机构介绍
A．海尔公司（Haier Inc.）是中国的主要家用电器生产厂家，其产品在国内市场享有盛名。
然而，20年前，这家公司还不存在。当年，如今的海尔首席执行官张瑞敏应邀出山，来挽救青岛一家濒临倒闭的电冰箱厂。他成功了。今天，海尔拥有3万名员工（其中百分之二十以上的人从事研究与开发），13家海外工厂（其中一家设在美国，有美国人管理），出口业务蒸蒸日上。
B．本公司成立于1988年。经过不断发展，目前公司下属全资专业从事工程施工的单位有四家，公司参股企业有3家。公司拥有一大批技术人员和管理人员，其中有中高级专业职称的占65%。雄厚的技术力量和科学的管理为公司的健康发展奠定了坚实的基础。C．The World Expo is a large-scale, global, non-commercial exposition. Participants are mainly governments of various countries and international organizations. The World Expo constitutes an arena for the participating countries to display the achievements and prospects in their social, economic , cultural and technological sectors and is a grand event where people from various countries gather together to exchange experiences, learn from one another and develop cooperation. It has been reputed as the equivalent of Olympic Games in the fields of economy, technology and culture.
8．排比与平行结构
A．Winners do not dedicate their lives to a concept of what they imagine they should be; rather, they are themselves and as such do not use their energy putting on a performance, maintaining pretence and manipulating others. They are aware that there is a difference between being loving and acting loving, between being stupid and acting stupid, between being knowledgeable and acting knowledgeable. Winners do not need to hide behind a mask.
Winners are not afraid to do their own thinking and to use their own knowledge. They can separate facts from opinions and don’t pretend to have all the answers. They listen to others, evaluate what they say, but come to their own conclusions. Although winners can admire and respect other people, they are not totally defined, demolished, bound, or awed by them.
Winners do not play “helpless”, nor do they play the blaming game. Instead, they assume responsibility for their own lives
B．Successful leaders are emotionally and intellectually oriented to the future—not wedded to the past. They have a hunger to take responsibility, to innovate, and to initiate. They are not
content with merely taking care of what’s already there. They want to move forward to create something new.
Leaders provide answers as well as direction, offer strength as well as dedication, and speak
from experience as well as understanding of the problems they face and the people they
work with.
Leaders are flexible rather than dogmatic. They believe in unity rather than conformity. And they strive to achieve consensus out of conflict.
Leadership is all about getting people consistently to give their best, helping them to grow to their fullest potential, and motivating them to work toward a common good. Leaders make the right things happen when they’re supposed to.
A good leader, an effective leader, is one who has respect. Respect is something you have to
have in order to get. A leader who has respect for other people at all levels of an organization, for the work they do, and for their abilities, aspirations and needs, will find that respect is
returned. And all concerned will be motivated to work together.
C．Reading makes a full man, conference a ready man, and writing an exact man. And therefore, if a man write little, he had need have a great memory ; if he confer little, he had need have a present wit; and if he read little, he had need have much cunning to seem to know that he does not. Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtle; natural
philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. Abeunt studia in mores
(Studies are transformed into manners).
D．For me, teaching is a red-eye, sweaty palm, sinking stomach profession. Red-eye, because I never feel ready to teach, no matter how late I stay up preparing the night before. Sweaty
palm, because I’m always nervous before I walk into that classroom, sure that I will be found out for the fool that I am. Sinking stomach, because I walk out of the classroom an hour later convinced that I was even more boring than usual.
E．It was a day as fresh as grass growing up and clouds going over and butterflies coming down can make it. It was a day compounded from silences of bee and flower and ocean and lan d…
9．人物介绍
A．学院请来一位洋教师，长得挺怪，红脸，金发，连鬓大胡须，有几根胡子一直逾过面颊，挨近鼻子：他个子足有二米，每进屋门必须低头，才能躲过门框子的拦击，叫人误以为他进门先鞠躬，这不太讲究礼貌了吗？顶怪的事，他每每与中国学生聊天，聊到可笑之处时，他不小，脸上也没有表情，好像他不喜欢玩笑；可是有时毫不可笑的事，他会冷不防放声大笑，笑得翻江倒海，仰面朝天，几乎连人带椅子要翻过去，喉结在脖子上乱跳，满脸胡子直抖。长使中国学生面面向觑，不知这位洋教师的神经是不是有点问题。
B．徐霞客一生周游考察了十六个省，足迹几乎遍及全国。他在考察的过程中，从不盲目迷信书本上的结论，从不把权威看作是真理的唯一基础。他发现前人研究的地理记载中有许多不很可靠的地方。为了进行真实细致的考察，他很少乘车坐船，几乎全靠双脚翻山越岭，长途跋涉；为了弄清大自然的真相，他总是挑选道路艰险的山区，人迹稀少的森林进行考察，发现了许多奇山秀景。
10．人与自然
A．大自然对人的恩赐，无论贫富，一律平等。所以人们对于大自然，全都一致并深深地依赖着。尤其在乡间，上千年来人们一直以不变的方式活着。种植庄稼和葡萄，酿酒和饮酒，喂牛和挤奶，锄草和栽花；在周末去教堂祈祷和做礼拜，在节日到广场拉琴、跳舞和唱歌；往日的田园依旧是今日温馨家园。这样，每个地方都有自己的传说，风
俗也就衍传下来。
11．意合与形合
A．冬天，在四周都是山地的这里，看见太阳的日子真的太少了。今天，难得雾这么稀薄，空中融融地混合着金黄的阳光，把地上的一切，好像也照上一层欢笑的颜色。
B．二十岁的时候，我想出名要趁早，一个人到了三十岁还籍籍无名那活个什么劲儿呀？
三十岁之后，名不指望了，只是希望在四十岁的时候能像我老板一样有钱。
C．他蹒跚着进了家门，连饭也没吃，打算到屋里去睡一觉。长年不喝酒，喝了酒头有点昏。
D．国际经济联系日益密切，科学技术突飞猛进，对世界政治、经济和社会的发展产生重要影响。
E．我还年轻，我还要活下去，我还要征服生活。
F．我家里生活苦，父亲做小买卖，妈妈是家庭妇女，弟弟妹妹多。
12．主动与被动
A．专家们说可以用多种方式使反应堆更安全。选择新厂址必须始终慎之又慎；专家们必须小心掌握核工厂的兴建和设备的质量，反应堆的工作也必须受到政府机构派出的专家而不是建厂的私营公用事业公司的监督。工作人员必须很好地学习如何操纵反应堆，并接受如何处理故障的训练。
B．Metals have still another property called malleability. This is also known as their ability to deform permanently under compression without rupture. So they can be rolled or hammered into thin sheets, foils or films, and formed into any shapes through forging.
C. 贫穷剥夺了我童年的幸福，把我关在学校大门的外面，是书本敞开它宽厚的胸脯，接纳
了我，给我以慷慨的哺育。
13．替代与重复
A．秦淮河里的船，比北京万生园，颐和园的船好，比西湖的船好，比扬州瘦西湖的船也好。这几处的船不是觉着笨，就是觉着简陋、局促；都不能引起乘客们的情韵，如秦淮河的船一样。秦淮河的船约略可分为两种：一是大船；一是小船，就是所谓的“七板子”。B．After watching the fish for some time, they asked me for pairs of several different kinds, pointing them out as they walked down the row of tanks. I netted their choices into a traveling container and slipped it into an insulated bag for transport, handing it to the boy.
“Carry it carefully,” I cautioned.
14．政论文（小句堆砌与主从结合）
A．我们必须敏锐地把握这个客观趋势，始终注意把发挥我国社会主义制度的优越性，同掌握、运用和发展先进的科学技术紧密地结合起来，大力推动科技进步和创新，不断用先进科技改造和提高国民经济，努力实现我国生产力发展的跨越。
B．要根据我国经济发展状况，充分考虑世界科学技术加快发展和国际经济结构加速重组的趋势，着眼于全面提高国民经济整体素质和效益，增强综合国力和国际竞争力，对经济结构进行战略性调整。
15．具体与抽象
A．他绝望了，正在此时，他见到了远方的帆影，有了绝处逢生的希望。
B．室内栽种花卉草木需要洒水施肥，担水肥过多又只能使效果适得其反，因此应展握正确的施肥方法。
C．他并不满足于呼吁消除贫苦、愚昧和疾病，他号召摧毁那个造成这一切罪恶的制度。D．总之，就全国范围来说，我们一定能够顺利解决沿海同内地贫富差距的问题。
E. 他通晓多种不常用的外国语，这是我们大家感到惊讶。
汉英翻译练习
1）中华民族的传统文化博大精深，源远流长。早在2000多年前，就产生了以孔孟为代表的儒家学说和以老庄为代表的道家学说，以及其他许多也在中国思想史上有地位的学说和学派。
从孔夫子到孙中山，中华民族的传统文化有它的许多珍品，许多人民性和民主性的好东西。比如，强调天下为公，特别是“天下兴亡，匹夫有责”的爱国情操和吃苦耐劳、勤俭持家、尊师重教的传统美德。所有这些，对家庭，对国家和社会都起到了巨大的维系和调节作用。
2）他在父亲的教导下“发愤用功”，其实他读书还是出于喜好，只似馋嘴佬贪吃美食，食肠很大，不择精粗，甜咸杂进。极俗的书他也能看得哈哈大笑。戏曲里的插科打诨，他不仅且看且笑，还一再搬演，笑得打跌。精微深奥的哲学、美学、文艺理论等大部著作，他像小儿吃零食那样吃了又吃，厚厚的书一本本渐次吃完，诗歌更是他喜好的读物。重的拿不动的大辞典、辞典、百科全书等，他不仅挨着字母逐条细读，见了新版本，还不嫌其烦的把新条目增补在旧书上。他看书常做些笔记。
3) 据说，上海男人是最好的丈夫。他们总是知道该如何讨妻子的欢心，从而避免了矛盾，一家人其乐融融。所以从某种程度上讲，上海男人是社会安定与和谐的象征。当妻子快乐他也快乐，因而整个城市也充满了快乐气氛。
虽然上海男人被戏谑为“妻管严”，但他并不屈从于妻子。在与妻子有争议时，他要么保持沉默，要么一笑置之。有时候他会发火，但事后不久，他也会毫不迟疑地道歉。最终她妻子发现，她还是按照他的想法行事。
上海男人聪明、务实，有时也相当圆滑。最令人印象深刻的是，上海男人在事业上有进取心，对家庭有很强的责任感，而且尊重女性。
4）书是我的良友，它给我一把钥匙，诱导我打开浅短的视界，愚昧的头脑，鄙塞的心灵。它从不吝惜对我帮助。书使我青春期的恋人，中年的知己，暮年的伴侣。有了它，我就不再寂寞，不再怕人情冷暖，世态炎凉。它使我成为精神世界的富翁。我真的是“不可一日无此君”。当我忙完了，累极了；当我愤怒时，苦恼时，我就想亲近它，因为这是一种绝妙的安抚。（邵155）
5）为了帮助中国人了结不同文化中关于友谊的价值观念，他收集和编纂了一百多条友谊方面的中外格言。这部短小精悍的书一问世立即受到人们，特别是大学生的青睐，并多次再版。无须解释人们为什么这么喜爱这本书，因为只要稍加浏览，就可以看到书里收集的格言反映
了文明社会中对于友谊的看法。这些格言强调的是无私，劝导人们要在物质和精神两方面去关心朋友，这样的书自然会在一个自古就尊重友谊的民族中广为流传。在东西方关系日益密切，相互了解日益加深的今天，出版这本书有很深远的意义。
6）有两个大款附庸风雅，参加一个冷餐会。与会者中自然不乏真正的名流学着。席间，一位学着与其中的大款甲闲聊，话题不知怎么扯到莎士比亚身上。学者问大款甲：“先生是否对莎士比亚最有兴趣？”大款甲顿了顿，旋即正色道：“相比之下，还是威士忌合我口味。”这时，大家暗自窃笑。大款乙也看出了苗头，悻悻然走开。在回来的小车上，大款乙教训大款甲说：“你真一点都不懂，莎士比亚是饮料，你怎么把它当洋酒了！”
7）越来越多受英文教育的海外华人父母，已经意识到孩子在掌握不可或缺的英语的同时，也通晓中文的重要性。中国的崛起，让他们充分认识到孩子掌握双语的好处—--既能增加他们的就业机会，也能让他们接触和熟悉东西方两种不同的文化。
这些人对中文的态度几乎完全变了。曾几何时，他们还非常骄傲地宣称自己只懂英文。现在，他们已开始积极支持孩子学习中文和中国文化，而且还不时走访中国，欣赏壮观的自然风光，认识丰富的文化遗产。
英汉翻译练习
1）Reading Good Books
Devote some of your leisure, I repeat, to cultivating a love of reading good books. Fortunate indeed are those who contrive to make themselves genuine book-lovers. For book-lovers have some noteworthy advantages over other people. They need never know lonely hours as long as they have books around them, and the better the books the more delightful the company. From good books, moreover, they draw much besides entertainment. They gain mental food such as few companions can supply. Even while resting from their labors, they are, through the books they read, equipping themselves to perform those labors more efficiently. This albeit(尽管) they may not be deliberately reading to improve their mind. All unconsciously the ideas they derive from the printed pages are stored up, to be worked over（加以研究）by the imagination for their future profit.
2）Of the intrinsic differences that separate American from English, the chief have their roots in the obvious disparity between the environment and traditions of the American people since the seventeenth century and those of the English. The latter have lived under a relatively stable social order, and it has impressed upon their souls their characteristic respect for what is customary and of good report. Until the World War brought chaos to most of their institutions, their whole lives were regulated, perhaps more than those of any other people save the Spaniards, by a regard for precedent. The Americans, though partly of the same blood, have felt no such restrain, and acquired no such habit of conformity. On the contrary,
they have plunged to the other extreme, for the conditions of life in their country have put a high value upon the precisely opposite qualities of curiosity and daring, and so they acquired that character of restlessness, that impatience of forms, that distain of the dead hand, which now broadly marks them.
3) Bringing the World Cup to Asia was supposed to expand the reach of the global game in a
happy confluence of good will and good business. The action on the pitch has certainly been dramatic, and most fans were thrilled. But less than half way through the month-long tournament, the good will is already wearing thin—and business seems relatively slow, with fewer visitors and Cup-related sales than expected. Deeply embarrassed by the image of part-empty stadiums besieged by angry ticket hunters, Japanese prime minister ordered an official investigation into the ticket fiasco. Claiming losses of more than $800,000 per game, Korea’s soccer federation even threatened to sue Byrom, the official ticket agent, for failing to print and deliver tickets on time.
Japan and Korea both hope to score big points—at home and abroad—with the World Cup.
Perhaps is was the memories of the 1964 Tokyo Olympics and the 1988 Seoul Olympics, which were considered turning points in their nations’ development. Mire in a decade-long slump, Japan longs for anything that might shock its economy back to life. Korea, meanwhile, hopes the Cup will steady its halting recovery from the 1997 Asian financial crisis—and help brand it as Asia’s most wired nation. Their plan: inject billions of dollars into new facilities, welcome throngs of tourists and for one glorious month showcase their countries to the biggest television audience in the world history.
4）Small as it is, the pen has changed the course of history, shaped the destiny of nations, facilitated the commerce of peoples, imprisoned the elusive thoughts of man, recorded events, carried news, and done more work for mankind than all other tools or weapons.
Progress without it would have been almost impossible. The invention of the wheel and screw, the introduction of steam-power, the use of electricity, all these have changed the lives of millions. But the pen has done more. It has removed mountains. It has prepared the way for all advancement. Whatever plans have been drawn up, whatever laws formulated, have come from the pen.
5）Our thinking traditions are very firmly based on logical thinking in which we start off with a certain way of looking at things and then see what we can deduce from that. This can be called vertical thinking since it involves building on what is accepted as traditional. Vertical thinking is for using ideas and lateral thinking is for changing them.
Most of our thinking does not take place at the logical stage but at the perceptual stage which precedes this. Lateral thinking is to do with changing perceptions and finding new ways of looking at things. Lateral thinking is the practical process of creativity. There are various deliberate techniques such as the use of stepping stones (produced, for instance, by reversing the usual situation). Lateral thinking turns creativity into a tool. In a patterning system such as the mind provocation is as important as analysis—and more important for changing ideas.
课外文言文翻译小练习 （一）曹彬仁爱 曹武惠王，国朝名将，勋业之盛，无与为比。尝曰：“吾为．将，杀人多矣，然未尝以私喜怒辄戮一人。”其所居．堂屋敝，子弟请加修葺，公曰：“时方大冬，墙壁瓦石之间，百虫所蛰，不可伤其生。”其仁心爱物盖如此。（张光祖《言行龟鉴》） [注释] 蛰：动物在冬眠时潜伏在土中或洞穴中不食不动的状态。 1.解释文中加点的词语。 （1）其所居．堂屋敝（）（2）吾为．将（） 2. 用现代汉语解释文中画线句。 时方大冬，墙壁瓦石之间，百虫所蛰，不可伤其生。 3.文章开头介绍曹武惠王是“国朝名将”，其作用是什么？ 4.文章通过、这两件事刻画了曹武惠王“”的德行。 （二）狄仁杰 狄仁杰为并州法曹，有同府法曹郑崇质，母老且病，当使．绝域。仁杰曰：“太夫人有疾而公远使，岂可贻亲万里之忧。”乃诣．长史蔺仁基，请代崇质行。时仁基与司马李孝廉不协，因谓曰：“吾等独无愧耶。”相待如初。（孔平仲《续世说》） 1. 解释文中加点的词语。 （1）当使．绝域（）（2）乃诣．长史蔺仁基（） 2. 用现代汉语解释文中画线句。 因谓曰：“吾等独无愧耶。” 3. 文章后半部分写仁基与司马李孝廉“相待如初”的作用是什么？ 4. 读了这篇短文，你有什么体会？ （三）巨商蓄鹦鹉 一巨商姓段者，蓄一鹦鹉甚慧，能诵《陇客》诗及李白《宫词》《心经》。每客至，则呼茶，问客人安否寒暄。主人惜之，加意笼豢。一旦段生以事系狱，半年方．得释，到家，就笼与语．曰：“鹦哥，我自狱中半年不能出，日夕惟只忆汝，汝还安否？家人喂饮，无失时否？”鹦哥语曰：“汝在禁数月不堪，不异鹦哥笼闭岁久。”其商大感泣，遂许之曰：“吾当亲送汝归。”乃特具车马携至秦陇，揭笼泣放，祝之曰：“汝却还旧巢，好自随意。”其鹦哥整羽徘徊，似不忍去。 1．解释下列加点的词语。 （1）半年方．得释（）（2）就笼与语．曰（） 2．用现代汉语解释文中的画线句。 遂许之曰：“吾当亲送汝归。” 3．文章说“鹦鹉甚慧”，它的“慧”表现在：（1）能诵读诗文；（2）向客人问安；（3）；（4）。 4. 读了这篇文章，你明白了什么道理？ （四）鲁肃简公二事 鲁肃简公宗道，为人忠实。仁宗在东宫，宗道为谕德。其居侧有酒肆，公微行饮其中。一日，真宗急召，使者及门，而公不在。移时饮归．，中使①与约曰：“上若怪公来迟，当托何事以对？”公曰：“但以实告。”
高三英语暑期翻译练习150句 1. 这次演出使得他想成为影星的梦想得以实现。(make it possible) The performance made it possible for him to realize his dream of being a film star. 2. 在详细地研究这个问题后，我们终于找到了解决它的方法。 (solution to ) Having studied it carefully, we finally found out a solution to the problem. 3. 你能不能告诉我，你们中有多少人将参加运动会？(take part in) Can you tell me how many of you are going to take part in the sports meet? 4. 我第一次来上海就喜欢这个美丽的城市。(the first time) I began to love Shanghai the first time I came to this beautiful city. 5. 越来越多的医生赞成使用心理疗法治疗生理疾病。(in favor of) More and more doctors are in favor of using psychological therapy to cure physical diseases. 6. 我们祝贺他被共青团所接受。(congratulate) We congratulated him on his being admitted into the Young League. 7. 我们现在所学的东西，无论校内校外的，都将对我们的将来产 生很大的影响。(effect) What we are learning in or out of school will have a great effect on our future. 8. 地球为人类提供了各种生存的条件。(provide) The earth provides man with all kinds of living conditions. 9. 如果你现在放弃的话，很可能你再也不会有机会了。(the chances are that) If you give up now, the chances are that you will have no more chances. 10. 他一看见地上躺着一个伤得很重的男子，就立刻打电话叫救护 车。(right off) He called an ambulance right off when he saw a badly injured man lying on the ground. 11. 你打电话来时如果我不在，可叫我兄弟代接。(available) If I am not available when you call me, ask for my brother. 12. 由于他对公众的杰出服务，她奖到了一枚金牌。(award) She was awarded a gold medal due to her outstanding service to the
高三英语翻译专项训练及答案 一、高中英语翻译 1．高中英语翻译题：Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 1．美食是人们造访上海的乐趣之一。（visit） 2．街头艺术家运用创意将鲜艳明亮的色彩带进了老社区。（bring） 3．在你生命中，如果有一个人你需要对他说对不起，那么就去向他道歉吧。（apology）4．这个游戏的独特之处在于它让孩子学会如何应对现实生活中的问题。（what） 5．申请材料需要精心准备，这样你心仪的学校才会对你的能力有全面、准确地了解。（in order that） 【答案】 1．Delicious food is one of the pleasures when people visit Shanghai. 2．Street artists bring bright and vivid colors into older neighborhoods with originality 3．If there is someone to whom you need say sorry in your life, make an apology to him. 4．What makes this game peculiar lies in that it teaches kids how to handle the problems in real life. 5．The applications should be carefully prepared in order that the school you like can have an overall and accurate knowledge of your abilities. 【解析】 【分析】 1．本句重点考察两个知识点。一个是乐趣之一，说明此处的乐趣应该用复数，必须是可数名词，因此选择pleasure。另一个是题目中给出的visit，需要谨慎处理，是用做动词还是名词。此处我们给出一个时间状语从句when people visit Shanghai，同时还可使用其他从句进行处理。所以答案是Delicious food is one of the pleasures when people visit Shanghai. 2．本题难度不大，重点是明亮的色彩的表达，可以使用bright colors, 也可以使用bright and vivid colors. 所以答案是Street artists bring bright and vivid colors into older neighborhoods with originality 3．本题考查there be + 定语从句从而构成条件状语从句。另外考察“道歉”用“make apology to sb.”。所以答案是If there is someone to whom you need say sorry in your life, make an apology to him. 4．本题考察what引导的主语从句，以及“be peculiar to”的用法。所以答案是What makes this game peculiar lies in that it teaches kids how to handle the problems in real life. 5．本题主要考固定词组的掌握，为了使用in order that引导出的目的状语从句。另外也考查 preferred school，have…knowledge/ understanding of…，overall，accurate等。所以答案是The applications should be carefully prepared in order that the school you like can have an overall and accurate knowledge of your abilities. 【考点定位】翻译句子
初,霍氏奢侈,茂陵徐生曰:“霍氏必亡。夫奢则不逊,不逊必侮上。侮上者,逆道也,在人之右,众必害①之。霍氏秉权日久,害之者多矣。天下害之,而又行以逆道,不亡何待!”乃上疏言:“霍氏泰盛,陛下即爱厚之,宜以时抑制,无使至亡。”书三上,辄报闻②。 ①害：妒忌,怨恨。②报闻：汉代制度,上书言事,皇帝不采用的,就来个“报闻”,意思是知道了,表示作罢。 译文：当初，霍氏一家骄横奢侈，茂陵人徐福就曾指出：“霍氏必亡。凡奢侈无度，必然傲慢不逊；傲慢不逊，必然冒犯主上；冒犯主上就是大逆不道。身居高位的人，必然会受到众人的妒忌。 霍氏一家长期把持朝政，遭到很多人的厌恶，天下人厌恶，又作出大逆不道的事，怎么可能不灭亡呢！”于是，上书朝廷说：“霍氏一家权势太大，陛下既然厚爱他们，就应随时加以约束限制，不要让他们发展到灭亡的地步！”上书三次，天子听到了，未加采纳。 今有人日攘（3）邻之鸡者，或（4）告之曰：“是非君子之道（5）。”曰：“请损之（6），月攘一鸡，以待来年然后已(7)。”如知其非义 注释 （3）[攘]这里是指偷窃的意思（4）[或]有的人（5）[是非君子之道]这不是君子应该做的事。是：此，这。君子：指品行良好的人。道：作为，行（6）义：好的（7）[请损之]请让我减少偷鸡的次数。损，减少。之，代表偷鸡这件事（8）[已]停止（9）[斯]则，就（10）[日]每天 译文：现在有每天（都要）偷邻居的鸡的人。有人告诉他这不是君子的作为。那人说：“那就减少一些吧。每个月偷一只鸡，等到来年就停止（这种行为）。”既然知道这样做是错误的，就应该立刻改正，为什么还要等到明年呢 寓意：明日复明日，明日何其多，成大事者，必当机立断，不能给自己找借口。 - 客有为齐王画者，齐王问曰：“画孰最难者”客曰：“犬、马最难。”齐王曰：“孰易者”客曰：“【鬼魅】①最易。”夫犬马，人所知也，【旦暮】②【罄于前】③，不可类也，故难；鬼魅无形者，不罄于前，故易之也。 注释：１.鬼魅：鬼怪２.旦暮：早晚３.罄于前：出现在眼前 译文：有人为齐王作画，齐王问他：“画什么最难”他说：“狗、马最
练习1Nature vs nurture: hard facts and strong stories ANYONE who still believes that our psychological dispositions are due largely to our genes will learn a lot from this book. The same goes for those who think they are predominantly shaped by our environment. Jerome Kagan, an emeritus professor of psychology at Harvard University, has spent much of his career unpacking the complexities behind human personality and behaviour. In The Temperamental Thread he navigates a path through the conflicting evidence with great skill and eloquence. The thesis behind the title is that everyone is born with a biologically based temperamental bias that is evident in infancy and influences our future behaviour, but how that pans out as we grow up depends strongly on a range of factors such as our ethnicity and gender, how our parents treat us, their social class, the size of our home town and whether or not we have older siblings. Temperamental bias, he explains, resembles the inherited components of a bird's song: "Although the bird's genes contribute to the basic components of the song, they do not determine the specific songs the adult bird will sing." Kagan's expertise derives partly from an exhaustive longitudinal study in which he followed the lives of more than 450 people from 16 weeks old to adulthood. He found that those who become distressed or strongly aroused as infants when confronted with unfamiliar objects, such as brightly coloured mobiles, tend to grow into timid or anxious adolescents, while less reactive infants develop a more relaxed, spontaneous disposition. However, he stresses that these outcomes are not fixed since the developmental environment can powerfully distort the effect of genes. For example, while the
1、Business Hours 营业时间 2、Office Hours 办公时间 3、Entrance 入口 4、Exit 出口 5、Push 推 6、Pull 拉 7、Shut 此路不通 8、On 打开（放） 9、Off 关 10、Open 营业 11、Pause 暂停 12、Stop 关闭 13、Closed 下班 14、Menu 菜单 15、Fragile 易碎 16、This Side Up 此面向上 17、Introductions 说明 18、One Street 单行道 19、Keep Right/Left 靠左/右 20、Buses Only 只准公共汽车通过 21、Wet Paint 油漆未干 22、Danger 危险
23、Lost and Found 失物招领处 24、Give Way 快车先行 25、Safety First 安全第一 26、Filling Station 加油站 27、No Smoking 禁止吸烟 28、No Photos 请勿拍照 29、No Visitors 游人止步 30、No Entry 禁止入内 31、No Admittance 闲人免进 32、No Honking 禁止鸣喇叭 33、Parting 停车处 34、Toll Free 免费通行 35、F.F. 快进 36、Rew. 倒带 37、EMS （邮政）特快专递 38、Insert Here 此处插入 39、Open Here 此处开启 40、Split Here 此处撕开 41、Mechanical Help 车辆修理 42、“AA”Film十四岁以下禁看电影 43、Do Not Pass 禁止超车
（英语）翻译练习题含答案及解析 一、高中英语翻译 1．高中英语翻译题：Translation: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 1．究竟是什么激发小王学习电子工程的积极性？(motivate) 2．网上支付方便了客户，但是牺牲了他们的隐私。(at the cost of) 3．让我的父母非常满意的是，从这个公寓的餐厅可以俯视街对面的世纪公园，从起居室也可以。(so) 4．博物馆疏于管理，展品积灰，门厅冷落，急需改善。(whose) 【答案】 1．What on earth has motivated Xiao Wang’s enthusiasm/ initiative to major in electronic engineering? 2．Online payment brings convenience to consumers at the cost of their privacy. 3．To my parents’ satisfaction, the d ining room of this apartment overlooks the Century Park opposite the street and so it is with the sitting room. 或者What makes my parents really satisfy is that they can see the Century Park from the dining room of this apartment, so can they from the living room. 4．This museum is not well managed, whose exhibits are covered with dust, and there are few visitors, so everything is badly in need of improvement. 或The museum whose management is reckless, whose exhibits are piled with dust and whose lobby is deserted, requires immediate improvement. 【解析】 1．motivate sb to do sth 激发某人做某事，on earth究竟，major in 以…为专业，enthusiasm/ initiative热情/积极性，故翻译为What on earth has motivated Xiao Wang’s enthusiasm/ initiative to major in electronic engineering? 2．online payment网上支付，brings convenience to给…带来方便，at the cost of以…为代价，privacy隐私，故翻译为Online payment brings convenience to consumers at the cost of their privacy. 3．To my parents’ satisfaction令我父母满意的是，后者也那样so it is with。也可以用主语从句What makes my parents really satisfy 表语从句thatthey can see the Century Park from the dining room of this apartment。overlooks俯视，opposite the street街对面，living room 起居室。故翻译为To my parents’ satisfaction, the dining room of this apartment overlooks the Century Park opposite the street and so it is with the sitting room.或者What makes my parents really satisfy is that they can see the Century Park from the dining room of this apartment, so can they from the living room. 4．not well managed/ management is reckless疏于管理，be covered with dust/ be piled with dust被灰尘覆盖，few visitors游客稀少，be badly in need of improvement/ requires immediate improvement亟需改善。故翻译为his museum is not well managed, whose exhibits
Unit 8 Nature and Nuture In-class reading 课内阅读 参考译文 基因、环境与双胞胎 1 遗传与环境究竟哪一个影响更大呢?在相当大的程度上，一个人生来具有的潜力将决定他一生的作为。因此遗传即命运，是命中注定的东西。然而，基因并不是在真空中发挥作用的；一旦我们开始认识到基因在个人发展中所起的作用，我们就会明白，没有与其相互作用的环境，就不可能有任何个人的发展。没有一个特点是完全由环境或者完全由基因造成的。 2 遗传和环境的相对影响在同卵双胞胎中最易观察到。大多数的同卵双胞胎是在一起抚养长大的，因而无论在外表还是行为上都惊人地相像。这些实例证明，若在同样的环境中抚养成长，具有相同基因的个体就会以几乎同样的方式对环境作出反应。但这些例子并不能说明如果把这些同卵双胞胎分开抚养会发生什么情况。 3 对分开抚养的同卵双胞胎已进行了许多研究。被研究的这些双胞胎都生活在美国，成长的自然环境几乎相同，并且具有几乎相同的营养史。因而，正如所料，他们在外表、身高和体重上极其相似。也有例外：一对双胞胎中的一个患了相当严重的疾病而另一个却没生病；但是总体而言，同卵双胞胎，甚至从婴儿时就分离的同卵双胞胎，在心理和身体上会如此相似，给每个人留下了深刻的印象。 4 在对从一出生就分离的19对双胞胎的研究中，研究者发现，其中约三分之二的双胞胎之间的差异与一起长大的双胞胎之间的差异一样不明显。这有力地说明了基因的影响力和环境作用的局限性。然而，必须记住的是，尽管被研究的同卵双胞胎生活在不同家庭里且相距甚远，但总体而言，那些家庭的环境基本上没有什么差异。通常都会千方百计地将每个孩子安置在和他自己原来的家庭背景相同的家庭里，因而发现这些双胞胎成长中有不少相似之处就不足为奇了。但是在那些分开抚养的双胞胎的生长环境有较大差异的实例中，双胞胎之间的差异就很大。下面的例子说明了在对比度很大的环境中成长的同卵双胞胎的情况。 5 格莱迪丝和海伦出生于俄亥俄州的一个小镇，在大约18个月时被分开抚养。她们直到28岁才再次相遇。海伦被领养了两次。她最初的养父母结果靠不住，两年后海伦又被送回到孤儿院。过了几个月，她再一次被住在密歇根东南部的一对农场主夫妇领养。此后25年她一直住在那里。她的第二个养母尽管本身没受过什么教育，却下决心要让海伦得到良好的教育；海伦最终大学毕业，教了12年的书，26岁时结婚，并有了一个女儿。 6 格莱迪丝被加拿大的一个列车乘务员及其妻子领养。她读三年级的那一年，全家搬到了加拿大落基山脉一带一个相当偏僻的地方，那儿没有学校，格莱迪丝的正式教育也就此结束，直到全家搬到安大略省后才得以继续。于是格莱迪丝就呆在家里干家务，一直到她17岁，随后在一家针织厂工作。19岁那年她去了底特律，找到一份工作，21岁时结了婚。 7 海伦在儿童和成年时期都一直比格莱迪丝健康，但除了这一点以及各自所受的教育不同之外，她们的生活环境十分相似。她们的体重、身高、发色和牙齿都十分相似。她们之间的区别显然与她们各自的家庭生活和社交生活不同有关。 8 海伦自信、举止得体、充分利用了她外表的优势，在社交中也显得很从容，有修养。格莱迪丝则害羞、忸怩、沉默寡言，缺乏迷人或优雅的风度。一位研究她们的科学家曾经说过：“这两个双胞胎之间的悬殊差异真可谓是大学教育的颇有说服力的广告。” 9 考虑到她们环境方面的经历的本质不同，海伦和格莱迪丝之间的差异也就不足为怪了。由于心理特点在很大程度上取决于经历，可想而知心理特点也反映经历。另一方面，那些不易受环境影响的特点更有可能在同卵双胞胎中表现出高度的相似性。尽管基因十分重要，但
公示语翻译学案 1.公示语简介 1.1定义：公式语是指在公共场所展示的文字，具有特殊的交际功能，以及提供信息和完成指令的作用。 1.2公示语的文本分类 1.指示性公示语： 夜总会便利店 问讯处baby change 综合医院take away Cosmetics 儿童外借部 2.提示性公示语：。如：小心轻放售完 因故停用full booked Reserved 此处发现鲨鱼 此门关闭，请走旁门限高2.4米、 小心台阶当心触电 紧握扶手当心碰头 3.限制性公示语： 靠右行驶超车道 请勿用手员工通道 导盲犬不限（厕所）凭票入场 12岁以下儿童免费公交车道 4.强制性公示语： 仅限紧急情况下使用严禁停车 不要在护栏前停车小贩禁入 请勿乱扔废弃物向右转弯 严禁拍照谢绝小费 2.1公示语解读和特点： 5C, 即 . . . . 十大语言风格, 一是名词的大量使用; 二是动词、动名词的使用; 三是词组、短语的使用; 四是缩略语的运用; 五是严格禁用生僻词汇; 六是文字与图形标志共用; 七是现在时态的运用;八是祈使句的使用; 九是规范性和标准性语汇; 十是简洁语汇、精确措辞。
2.2公示语的翻译要求及语言特点： 3．公示语的翻译方法的探究 3.1理论支持 3.2信息型及感染型公示语翻译方法 3.2.1 对等译法 例1：新鲜果蔬Fresh Produce 比较：Fresh Fruits and Vegetables 例2：问讯服务Information 比较：Inquiry Service。 3.2.2 转性译法： 例3：禁止吸烟No Smoking/Thank You For Not Smoking 比较：Don’t Smoke 例4：提高生活质量，迈向美好未来Better Living, Brighter Future 比较：Improve the Life Quality, Walk into a Brighter Future 3.2.3 欠译法： 例5：这里（某科技园区）是一片神奇的土地。 3.2.4 仿译法 例6 “桂林山水甲天下”译为“East or west, Guilin Landscape is best” 旅游景区公示语“水深危险”译为“Danger! Deep Water.” 3.2.5 创译法其实多数汉语公示语在英语语境中并没有对等的或可参照的表达法。这种情况下，译者可以发挥译语优势，进行创造性翻译。 例7：你不理财，财不理你If you leave managing money alone，money will leave you alone 比较：If you do not manage your money, money will take no notice of you. 例8，香港地铁站里有一幅标语：提高生活素质，迈向美好未来。其英译文为“Better Living, Brighter Future.”译文与原文在结构上对称平行，只着重把最核心的信息表达出来，并没有拘泥于原文在语言上字字对应，但又符合译语的语言习惯，简洁明了（甘平,2009:143）。另一个例子，滴滴香浓，意犹未尽。译文“Good to the last rop.”中，译者打破了原文的结构，但译文却与原文保持了同样的效果，让读者似乎闻到了清香四溢的麦氏咖啡。 3.3翻译原则： 3.4.公示语翻译的错误观念 1．没有明确的翻译服务 2．翻译时没有区分对内的公示语和对外的公示语有些汉语公示语
（英语）英语翻译专题练习(及答案) 一、高中英语翻译 1．高中英语翻译题：Translate tbe following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 1．我们打篮球的时间到了。 (time) 2．他设法把游客及时送到了机场。 (manage) 3．你今晚能来参加我的生日聚会? (possible) 4．应该鼓励年轻人按照自己的特长选择职业。(encourage) 5．我对学生所谈的电子产品一无所知，我发现自己落伍了。(ignorant) 6．尽管遭受如重的自然灾害，但只要不灰心，我们终会克服暂时的困难。(Although...) 【答案】 1．It’s time for us to play basketball. 2．He managed to send the tourists to the airport in time. 3．Is it possible for you to attend my birthday party this evening? 4．Young people should be encouraged to choose their careers according to their own strong points. 5．Being ignorant of the electronic products the students are talking about, I find myself left behind. 6．Although we are suffering such a severe natural disaster, we will eventually overcome the temporary difficult as long as we don’t lose heart. 【解析】 1．考查time的用法。分析句子可知，本句为一般现在时，it is time for sb to do sth “该到某人做某事了”。为固定句型。再根据其它提示。故翻译为：It’s time for us to play basketball。2．考查manage的用法和一般过去时。分析句子可知，本句为一般过去时，manage to do sth“设法做某事”为固定短语。in time“ 及时”为介词短语，在句中作状语。再根据其它提示。故翻译为：He managed to send the tourists to the airport in time。 3．考查possible的用法和一般现在时。分析句子可知，本句为一般现在时，it is possible for sb to do sth “ 某人做某事是可能的”，it作为形式主语完成整个句子，不定式作为真正主语。再根据其它汉语提示。故翻译为：Is it possible for you to attend my birthday party this evening? 4．考查encourage的用法。encourage sb. to do sth.的被动语态形式就是sb. be encouraged to do sth.另外，此题还考查短语according to（按照）和strong points(长处，特长)。再根据其它提示。故翻译为：Young people should be encouraged to choose their careers according to their own strong points。 5．考查形容词短语作状语、定语从句以及find的用法。分析句子可知，本句为一般现在时，主语为I ，谓语为find， find oneself done表示“发现自己被…”,left behind是“被落在后面了”作宾语补足语。Being ignorant of the electronic products the students are talking about 为形容词短语作原因状语从句。products 为先行词，在后面的定语从句中，作talk about的
2020届高考文言文翻译训练 一、二人并走 （前秦符融为冀州牧）有姥者逼劫于路，喝贼，路人为逐擒之。①贼反诬路人，时已昏黑，莫知其孰是，乃俱送之。融见而笑曰：“此易知耳，可二人并走，先出凤阳门者非贼。”既而还入，融正色谓后出者曰：“汝真贼也，何诬人乎？”贼遂服罪。②盖以贼若善走，必不被擒，故知不善走者贼也。《晋书·符融传》 二、卧薪尝胆 勾践之围会稽也，喟然叹曰：“吾终于此乎?”种曰：“汤系夏台，文王囚羑里，晋重耳奔翟，齐小白奔莒，其卒王霸。①由是观之，何遽不为福乎?”吴既赦越，越王勾践反国，乃苦身焦思，置胆于坐，坐卧即仰胆，饮食亦尝胆也。曰：“②女志会稽之耻邪?”身自操作，夫人自织，③食不加肉，衣不重采，折节下贤人，厚宾客，赃贫吊死，与百姓同其劳。 三、孟子少时(汉韩婴《韩诗外传》) 孟子少时，东家杀豚，孟子问其母曰：“东家杀豚何为？”①母曰“欲啖汝。”其母自悔而言，曰：“吾怀娠是子，席不正不坐；割不正不食，胎之教也。②今适有知而欺之，是教之不信也。”乃买东家豚肉以食之，明不欺也。 四、小时了了 孔文举年十岁，随父到洛。时李元礼有盛名，为司隶校尉;诣门者、皆俊才清称及中表亲戚乃通。文举至门，谓吏曰：“我是李府君亲。”既通，前坐。元礼问曰：“君与仆有何亲?”对曰：“①昔先君仲尼与君先人伯阳有师资之尊，是仆与君奕世为通好也。”元礼及宾客②莫不奇之。太中大夫陈韪后至，人以其语语之，韪曰：“小时了了，大未必佳。”文举曰：“想君小时，必当了了。”韪大踧踖(cù jí不安)。
五、袁虎少贫 袁虎少贫，①尝为人佣，载运租。谢镇西经船行，其夜清风朗月，闻江诸闲估客船上有咏诗声，甚有情致；所诵五言，又其所未。尝闻，叹美不能已。②即遣委曲讯问，乃是袁自咏其所作咏史诗。因此相要，大相赏得。 六、魏文侯问李克 魏文侯问李克：“吴之所以亡者何也?” 李克对曰：“数战数胜。”文侯曰：“数战数胜，国之福也，①兵以此亡者何也?”李克曰：“数战则民疲，数胜则主骄，以骄主制疲民，此其所以亡也。②是故好战穷兵，未有不亡者也。” 七、枯梧树 邻父有与人邻者，有枯梧树，①其邻之父言梧树之不善也，邻人遽阀之，邻父因请而以为薪。其人不说曰：“邻者若此其险也，岂可为之邻哉！”此有所宥也，夫请以为薪与弗请，此不可以疑枯梧树之善与不善也。 八、攫金者 齐人有欲得金者，①清旦被衣冠，往鬻金者之所，见人操金，攫而夺之。吏搏而束缚之，问曰：“人皆在焉，子攫人之金，何也？”对曰：“殊不见人，徒见金耳！”
《晏子春秋》翻译练习及参考答案 1.翟王子羡臣于景公，以重驾，公观之而不说也。嬖人婴子欲观之，公曰：“及晏子寝病也。”居囿中台上以观之，婴子说之，因为之请曰：“厚禄之！”公许诺。晏子起病而见公，公曰：“翟王子羡之驾，寡人甚说之，请使之示乎？”晏子曰：“驾御之事，臣无职焉。”公曰：“寡人一乐之，是欲禄之以万钟，其足乎？”对曰：“昔卫士东野之驾也，公说之，婴子不说，公曰不说，遂不观。今翟王子羡之驾也，公不说，婴子说，公因说之；为请，公许之，则是妇人为制也。且不乐治人，而乐治马，不厚禄贤人，而厚禄御夫。昔者先君桓公之地狭于今，修法治，广政教，以霸诸侯。今君，一诸侯无能亲也，岁凶年饥，道途死者相望也。君不此忧耻，而惟图耳目之乐，不修先君之功烈，而惟饰驾御之伎，则公不顾民而忘国甚矣。且诗曰：‘载骖载驷，君子所诫。’夫驾八，固非制也，今又重此，其为非制也，不滋甚乎！且君苟美为之，田猎则不便，道行致远则不可，然而用马数倍#乐之，国必，此非御下之道也。淫于耳目，不当民务，此圣王之所禁也。君苟美乐之，诸侯必或效我，君无厚德善政以被诸侯，而易之以僻，此非所以子民、彰名、致远、亲邻国之道也。且贤良废灭，孤寡不振，而听嬖妾以禄御夫以蓄怨，与民为雠之道也。诗曰：‘哲夫成城，哲妇倾城。’今君不免成城之求，而惟倾城之务，国之亡日至矣。君其图之！”公曰：“善”遂不复观，乃罢归翟王子羡，而疏嬖人婴子。（《晏子春秋·景公爱嬖妾随其所欲晏子谏》） 【译文】 翟王的儿子翟羡靠能用十六匹马驾车当了景公的臣子。景公看他驾车，很不喜欢。景公的宠妾婴子想要观看，景公说：“等晏子有病卧床不起的时候，站在园子里的高台上来观看。”婴子看了以后很喜欢，于是就替翟羡请求说：“给他优厚的俸禄。”景公答应了。晏子病愈后谒见景公，景公说：“翟王的儿子翟羡驾车，我很喜欢，让他驾给你看看吗？”晏子说：“驾驭车马的事，不在我的职权范围之内。”景公说：“我对他驾车感到很高兴，想要给他万钟俸禄，大概够了吧？”晏子回答说：“过去卫国人姓东野的驾车，您很喜欢，可是婴子不喜欢，您也说不喜欢，于是就不再看他驾车。现在翟王的儿子翟羡驾车，您不喜欢，可是婴子喜欢，您于是也就喜欢了。婴子替他请求俸禄，您就答应了。那么，这就是被妇人制约了。况且不乐于治理人民，却喜欢调理马匹；不给贤德的人优厚的俸禄，却给赶车的人优厚的俸禄。从前我们的先君齐桓公的领土比现在狭小，他整顿法纪，推广政教，因而称霸诸侯。现在您不能让一个诸侯亲附，年成不好，道路饿死的人随处可见。您不以此为忧，不以此为耻，却只顾贪图享乐；不继承先君的功业，却只讲求驾驭车马的技巧。那么，您不关心百姓疾苦、忘掉国家盛衰也太过分了。况且《诗经》上说：‘三匹马驾车四匹马驾车，是诸侯到来了。’用八匹马驾车，本来就不符合制度了。现在又用十六匹马驾车，这样不符合制度不是更严重了吗？况且您如果以此为美，以此为乐，国内一定有很多人这样做。驾这么多马去打猎就很不方便，到远方去就更不可以，可是使用的马匹却多了几倍。这不是驾驭臣下的办法。过分追求享乐，不妥善处理百姓的事务，这是圣贤的君主所禁止的。您如果以此为美，以此为乐，诸侯一定有人效法我们，您没有淳厚的道德、美好的政治施加于诸侯，却用邪僻的行为来影响他们，这不是爱民如子、使名声显赫、使远人归附、使邻国亲近的办法。况且贤良的人被废弃，孤儿寡妇不得救济，却听信宠妾的话增加赶车人的俸禄，从而加深人民的怨恨，这是与人民为敌的行为。《诗经》上说：‘聪明的男子可以使国家稳固，聪明的女子却能使国家颠覆。’现在您不考虑如何让国家稳固，却只干些使国家颠覆的事。国家灭亡的日子就要到了。希望您好好考虑考虑。”景公说：“您说的好。”景公于是不再观看驾车，罢免黜退了翟王的儿子翟羡，而且疏远了婴子。
英语翻译练习题及答案 一、高中英语翻译 1．高中英语翻译题：Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 1．熬夜大大影响健康。(affect) _________________________ 2．等他明年回来，这个体育馆就建好了。(by the time) _________________________ 3．从长远来看，你的知识面越广，就越有能力应付工作中的问题。(capable) _________________________ 4．据信，过分溺爱孩子会不知不觉地造成孩子的坏脾气，甚至缺乏自理能力。(It) _________________________ 【答案】 1．Staying up late affects one’s health greatly. 2．By the time he comes back next year, the stadium will have been set up. 3．In the long run, the wider range of knowledge you have, the more capable you are of dealing with the problems at work. 4．It is believed that spoiling children too much may unconsciously cause their bad temper, even the lack of ability to take care of themselves. 【解析】 【分析】 本题考查翻译句子，注意使用括号内的提示词进行翻译。 1．考查非谓语动词。affect表示“影响”，是及物动词，后面直接接宾语，stay up表示“熬夜”，本句使用动名词作主语，陈述的是客观事实，用一般现在时，注意动名词作主语时谓语动词用第三人称单数，故翻译为：Staying up late affects one’s health greatly. 2．考查时态语态。by the time引导的时间状语从句，表示将来的时间时，从句用一般现在时，主句用将来完成时，stadium与set up之间是被动关系，所以用将来完成时的被动语态，故翻译为：By the time he comes back next year, the stadium will have been set up. 3．考查固定句式。be capable of表示“能够”，根据句意可知本句使用“the+比较级，the+比较级”结构，表示“越……，就越……”，陈述的是客观事实。用一般现在时，故翻译为：In the long run, the wider range of knowledge you have, the more capable you are of dealing with the problems at work. 4．考查形式主语和非谓语动词。ability后用不定式作后置定语，ability to do表示“做……的能力”，根据提示词可知本句使用it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的that从句，陈述的是客观事实，用一般现在时，故翻译为：It is believed that spoiling children too much may unconsciously cause their bad temper, even the lack of ability to take care of themselves. 2．高中英语翻译题：Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in