civilization n. 文明
clap vi. 拍手；鼓掌
clarify v. 澄清，阐明
class n. （学校的）班；年级；课
classic a. 一流的，典型的，有代表性的
classical a. 传统的；古典的
classify v. 分类，归类
classmate n. 同班同学
classroom n. 教室
claw n. 爪
clay n. 黏土，陶土
clean vt. 弄干净，擦干净a. 清洁的，干净的
cleaner n.清洁工.,清洁器.,清洁剂
clear a. 清晰；明亮的；清楚的
clearly ad. 清楚地，无疑地
clerk n. 书记员；办事员；职员
clever a. 聪明的，伶俐的
click v. 点击（计算机用语）
climate n. 气候
climb v. 爬，攀登
clinic n. 诊所
clock n. 钟
clone n.克隆（无性繁殖出来的有机体群）
close a亲密的；近，靠近ad. 近，靠近vt关，关闭
cloth n. 布
clothes n. 衣服；各种衣物
clothing n. (总称) 衣服
cloud n. 云；云状物；阴影
cloudy a. 多云的，阴天的
club n. 俱乐部；纸牌中的梅花
clumsy a. 笨拙的，不灵巧的
coach n. 教练；马车；长途车
coal n. 煤；煤块
coast n. 海岸；海滨
coat n. 外套；涂层；表皮；皮毛vt. 给……穿外套；涂上cock n. 公鸡
cocoa n. 可可粉
coffee n. 咖啡
coin n. 硬币
coincidence n. 巧合，巧事
coke n. 可口可乐
cold a. 冷的，寒的n. 寒冷；感冒，伤风
cold--blooded a. (动物) 冷血的
collar n. 衣领；硬领
colleague n. 同事
collect vt. 收集，搜集
collection n. 收藏品，收集物
college n. 学院；专科学校
collision n. 碰撞事故
colour (美color) n. 颜色vt.给…着色，涂色
comb n. 梳子v. 梳
combine vt. 使联合；使结合
come (came, come) vi. 来，来到
comedy n. 喜剧
comfort n. 安慰；慰问
comfortable a. 舒服的；安逸的；舒服自在的
comma n. 逗号
command n. & v. 命令
comment n. 评论
commercial a.贸易的，商业的
commit v.犯（罪，错），自杀
commitment n. 承诺,允诺,承担
committee n. 委员会
common a. 普通，一般；共有的
communicate v. 交际；传达（感情，信息等）
communication n.交际,交往;通讯
communism n. 共产主义
communist n. 共产主义者
a. 共产党的；共产主义的
companion n. 同伴；同事
company n. 公司
compare vt. 比较，对照
compass n. 罗盘，指南针
compensate v. 补偿，弥补
compete vi. 比赛，竞赛
competence n.能力,胜任,管辖权
competition n. 比赛，竞赛
competitor n. 竞赛者，比赛者
complete a. 完成vt. 完成，结束
complex a. / n. 复杂的，建筑群
component n. 组成部分，部件
composition n. 作文；作曲
comprehension n. 理解
compromise v. 妥协,折中,让步
compulsory a. 强制的,必须做的
computer n. 电子计算机
computer game 电子游戏
comrade n. 同志
concentrate v. 聚精会神
concept n. 概念
concern v. / n. 涉及，关心
concert n. 音乐会；演奏会
conclude v. 完成，结束
conclusion n. 结论；结束
concrete a. 混凝土制的
condition n. 条件，状况
condemn v. 谴责，指责，宣判
conduct vt. 引导，带领
conductor n. 管理人；指导者；（车上的）售票员，列车员；乐队指挥confident a. 自信的
confidential a. 机密的，保密的
conference n. (正式的)会议；讨论
confirm v. 证实，证明，确认
conflict n. 冲突，争执，争论
confuse v. 使迷惑，混淆
congratulate vt. 祝贺
congratulation n. 祝贺，庆贺
connect v. 连接，把…联系起来
connection n.连接物;接触,联系
conscience n. 良心，良知，内疚
consensus n. 一致的意见，共识
consequence n. 结果，后果
conservation n 保存；（自然资源的）保护，管理
conservative a. 保守的，守旧的；保守主义的；谨慎的n.保守的人，保守主义consider vt. 考虑
considerate a. 体贴的
consideration n. 考虑；关心
consist v. 包含，组成，构成
consistent a. 一致的，始终如一的，连续的
constant a. 经常的，不断的
constitution n. 宪法，章程，身体素质
construct v. 构筑；建造，建设
construction n.建造,建设,建筑物
consult v. 咨询，商量
consultant n. 顾问
consume v. 消耗，耗费（燃料，能量，时间等）
contain v. 包含；包括；能容纳
container n. 容器
contemporary a.属同时期的，同一时代的
content a.甘愿的,满意的n.内容
continent n. 大陆，大洲；陆地
continue vi. 继续
contradict v. 反驳，驳斥，批驳
contradictory a.相互矛盾,对立的
contrary n. / a. 相反相反的
contribute v. 贡献
contribution n. 贡献
control vt.& n. 控制
controversial a.引起争论的,有争议的
convenience n. 便利
convenient a. 便利的，方便的
conventional a. 依照惯例的，习惯的
conversation n. 谈话，交谈
convey v. 表达，传递（思想，感情等）
convince v. 使确信，使信服
cook n.炊事员,厨师v.烹调,做饭
cooker n. 炊具(锅、炉灶、烤炉等)
cookie n. 小甜饼
cool a. 凉的，凉爽的；酷
copy n. 抄本，副本；一本（份，册……）v. 抄写；复印；（计算机用语）拷（备份盘）coral n. 珊瑚；珊瑚虫
cordless a. 无线的
corn n. 玉米，谷物
corner n. 角；角落；拐角
corporation n. （大）公司
correct v. 改正；纠正a. 正确的，对的；恰当的
correction n. 改正
correspond vi. 一致；与……相当；(与人)通信，有书信往来
corrupt a. / v. 贪污的，腐败的，使腐化，堕落
cost (cost, cost) v.值（钱），花费n. 价格
cosy a.暖和舒适的,亲密无间的
cottage n. (郊外)小屋,村舍,别墅
cotton n. 棉花a. 棉花的
cough n.& vi. 咳嗽
could modal v.（can的过去式）可以…；（表示许可或请求）可以…，行
count vt. 数，点数
counter n. 柜台，结账处
country n. 国家；农村，乡下
countryside n. 乡下，农村
couple n. 夫妇，一对
courage n. 勇气；胆略
course n. 过程；经过；课程
court n. 法庭；法院
courtyard n. 庭院，院子
cousin n. 堂（表）兄弟，堂（表）姐妹
cover n. 盖子；罩v. 覆盖，遮盖；掩盖
cow n. 母牛，奶牛
cowboy n.（美国）牛仔;牧场骑士
co-worker. n. 合作者；同事
crash v. / n. 碰撞，撞击
crayon n 蜡笔；蜡笔画
crazy a. 疯狂的
cream n. 奶油，乳脂
create vt. 创造；造成
creature n. 生物，动物
credit n. 信用；信赖；信誉
crime n. （法律上的）罪，犯罪
criminal n. 罪犯
crew n. 全体船员
criterion (pl. criteria) n. 标准，准则，原则
crop n. 庄稼；收成
cross a. 脾气不好的，易怒的
n. 十字形的东西vt. 越过；穿过
crossing n. 十字路口，人行横道
crossroads n. 交叉路口
crowd n. 人群vt. 拥挤，群聚
crowded a. 拥挤的
cruel a. 残忍的，残酷的；无情的
cry n. 叫喊；哭声v. 喊叫；哭
however ad. 可是conj. 然而，可是，尽管如此howl vi. 嚎叫，嚎哭
hug v. 拥抱
huge a. 巨大的，庞大的
human a. 人的，人类的
human being 人
humorous a. 富于幽默的
humour (美humor) n.幽默,幽默感
hundred num. 百
hunger n. 饥饿
hungry a. （饥）饿的
hunt vt. 寻找；狩猎，猎取
hunter n. 猎人
hurricane n. 飓风，十二级风
hurry vi. 赶快；急忙
hurt (hurt, hurt) vt. 伤害，受伤；伤人感情husband n. 丈夫
hydrogen n. 氢
I
I pron. 我
ice n. 冰
ice--cream n. 冰淇淋
Iceland* n. 冰岛
idea n. 主意,意见,打算,想法
identity n. 身份，特征
identification n. 鉴定，辨别
idiom n. 习语，成语
if conj.如果,假使,是否,是不是
ignore v. 忽视，对…不理会
ill a. 有病的；不健康的
illegal a. 非法的
illness n. 疾病
imagine vt. 想像，设想
immediate a. 立即的，马上
immediately ad. 立即
immigration n. 移民
import v.& n. 进口，输入
importance n. 重要性
important a. 重要的
impossible a. 不可能的
impress vt. 留下极深的印象
impression n. 印象，感觉
improve vt. 改进，更新
in prep. 在…里(内)；在…；以…ad. 在家，在内，向内
inch n. 英寸
incident n. 事件
include vt. 包含，包括
income n. 收入，所得
incorrect a. 不正确的，错误的
increase v. & n. 增加，繁殖
indeed a. 确实；实在
independence n. 独立
independent a.独立的,有主见的
India* n. 印度
Indian a. （美洲）印地安人的；印度人的n. 印地安人；印度人Indicate v.表明，象征，暗示
industry n. 工业，产业
influence n.& v. 影响
inform vt. 告诉；通知
information n. 信息
information desk 问讯处
initial a. 开始的，最初的
injure vt. 损害，伤害
injury n. 受伤处
ink n. 墨水，油墨
inland a. 内陆的；内地的
inn n. 小旅店；小饭店
innocent a.无辜的，清白的
insect n. 昆虫
insert vt. 插入
inside prep.在…里面ad.在里面
insist vi. 坚持；坚决认为
inspect vt. 检查；检验；审视
inspire vt. 鼓舞；激励
instant a. 瞬间；刹那
instead ad. 代替，顶替
institute n. (研究)所, 院，学院
institution n (慈善、宗教等性质的)公共机构；学校
instruct vt. 通知；指示；教
instruction n. 说明,须知;教导
instrument n. 乐器;工具,器械
insurance n. 保险
insure vt. 给……保险
intelligence n.智力,才智,智慧
intend vt. 想要，打算
intention n. 打算,计划,意图
interest n. 兴趣，趣味;利息
interesting a. 有趣的
international a. 国际的
internet n. 互联网，英特网
interpreter n.翻译
interrupt v. 打扰，打断
interval n. 间歇；间隔
interview n.& vt.采访,会见,面试
into prep. 到…里;向内；变成
introduce vt. 介绍
introduction n. 引进，介绍
invent vt. 发明，创造
invention n. 发明，创造
inventor n. 发明者，创造者
invitation n. 邀请，请帖
invite vt. 邀请，招待
Ireland* n. 爱尔兰
Irish a. 爱尔兰的，爱尔兰人的
iron n. 铁，熨斗vt. 熨烫
irrigate vt. 灌溉
irrigation n. 灌溉
island n. 岛
it pron. 它
Italian a. 意大利(人)的；意大利语的n. 意大利人；意大利语Italy* n. 意大利
its pron. 它的
itself pron. 它自己
J
jacket n. 短上衣，夹克衫
jam n. 果酱；阻塞
January n. 1月
Japan* n. 日本
Japanese a. 日本的，日本人的，日语的n. 日本人，日语
jar n. 罐子；坛子
jaw n. 下巴
jazz n. 爵士音乐，爵士舞曲
jeans n. 牛仔裤
jeep n. 吉普车
jet n. 喷气式飞机；喷射（器）
jewel n. 宝石
jewelry n. （总称）珠宝
job n. （一份）工作
jog v. 慢跑
join v.参加,加入;连接;会合
joke n. 笑话
journalist n. 记者，新闻工作者
journey n. 旅行，路程
joy n. 欢乐，高兴，乐趣
judge n. 裁判；审判员；法官vt. 判断，断定judgement n. 裁判
juice n. 汁、液
juicy a. 多汁的；水分多的
July n. 7月
jump n. 跳跃；跳变v. 跳跃；惊起；猛扑
June n. 6月
jungle n. 丛林，密林
junior a. 初级的；年少的
junk n. （口语）废品，破烂货
junk mail 塞到邮箱的广告宣传品
junk food 没有营养的垃圾食品
just ad. 刚才；恰好；不过；仅 a. 公正的
justice n. 正义；公正；司法
K
kangaroo n. 大袋鼠
keep (kept, kept) v. 保持；保存；继续不断vt. 培育，饲养keeper n. （动物园中的）饲养员，看守人
kettle n. (烧水用的)水壶
key n. 钥匙;答案;键;关键
keyboard n. 键盘
kick v.& n. 踢
kid n. 小孩
kill v. 杀死，弄死
kilo n. 千克；千米
kilogram n. 千克
kilometr e n. 千米（公里）
kind n. 种;类a. 善良,友好的
kindergarten n. 幼儿园
kind-hearted a. 好心的
kindness n. 仁慈；善良
king n. 国王
kingdom n. 王国
kiss n.& vt. 吻，亲吻
kitchen n. 厨房
kite n. 风筝
knee n. 膝盖
knife (复knives) n.小刀;匕首;刀片
knock n.& v. 敲；打；击
know(knew,known) v. 知道，了解；认识；懂得
knowledge n. 知识，学问
L
lab = laboratory n. 实验室
labour (美labor) n. 劳动
labourer (laborer) n.体力劳动者
lack n.& vt. 缺乏，缺少
ladder n. 梯子
lady n. 女士，夫人
lake n. 湖
lamb n. 羔羊
lame a. 跛的，瘸的，残废的
lamp n. 灯，油灯；光源
land n.陆地,土地v.登岸(陆)降落
language n. 语言
lantern n. 灯笼；提灯
lap n. (人坐时)膝部.(跑道的)一圈
large a. 大的；巨大的
laser n. 激光
last a.最近刚过去;最后的ad.最近刚过去;最后地n.最后v.持续late a.晚的,迟的ad.晚地,迟地
lately ad. 最近，不久前
later a. 晚些的，迟些的
latest a.最近，最新的；最晚的
latter n.（两者之中的）后者
laugh n.& v. 笑，大笑；嘲笑
★ 形容词： 1. 贫穷的：poor ; needy ; impoverished ; poverty-stricken 2. 富裕的：rich ; wealthy ; affluent ; well-to-do ; well-off 3. 优秀的：excellent ; eminent ; top ; outstanding 4. 积极的，好的：good ; conducive ; beneficial; advantageous 5. 消极的，不良的：bad ; detrimental; baneful ; undesirable 6. 明显的：obvious ; apparent ; evident ; manifest 8. 惊人的：surprising ; amazing ; extraordinary ; miraculous 9. 美丽的：beautiful ; attractive ; gorgeous ; eye-catching 10. 有活力的：energetic ; dynamic ; 11. 流行的：popular ; prevailing ; prevalent; 1. Everywhere 普遍的Widespread、Prevalent、Overflow 2. Good 好的Beneficial、Advantageous 3. Harmful 有害的Inhumane、Detrimental 、Baneful 4. Rich 富有的Wealthy、Affluent 7.Serious 严重的Severe 9. cheap 便宜的Economical、Inexpensive ★ 动词： 1. 提高，加强：improve ; enhance; promote ; strengthen ; optimize 2. 引起：cause ; trigger ; endanger 3. 解决：solve ; resolve ; address ; tackle ; cope with ; deal with 4. 拆除：destroy ; tear down ; knock down ; eradicate 5. 培养: develop ; cultivate ; 6. 激发，鼓励：encourage ; motivate ; stimulate ; spur 7. 认为：think ; assert; hold ; claim ; argue 8. 完成：complete ; fulfill ; accomplish; achieve 9. 保留：keep ; preserve ; retain ; hold 10. 有害于：destroy ; impair ; undermine ; jeopardize 11. 减轻: ease ; alleviate ; relieve ; lighten 2. change 改变：Transform 3. Emphasize 强调：Highlight、Stress Address这是个9 星级用法） 4. Develop 培养：Agriculture、Cultivate、Nurture 5. Break 破坏：Impair、Undermine 这两个词指的是抽象意义上的破坏Jeopardize、Devastate 7. deal With解决Tackle Address （这也是高难度用法，很牛）、Resolve 8. need 需要Require、necessitate、call for ★ 名词： 1. 影响：influence; impact 2. 危险：danger ; perils ; hazard 3. 污染：pollution ; contamination
高考英语作文中常用的替换词 1.individuals, characters, folks 替换（ people, persons） 2.positive, favorable, rosy （美好的） ,promising（有希望的） ,perfect, pleasurable , excellent, outstanding, superior 替换 good 3.dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill （有害的）替换 bad 如果 bad 做表语 ,可以有 be less impressive替换 eg.An army of college students indulge themselves in playing games, enjoying romance with girls/boys or killing time passively in their dorms. When it approaches to graduation , as a result, they find their academic records are less impressive. 4.（ an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of, a host of, many, if not most）替 换 many. 注：用 many, if not most 一定要小心， many 后一定要有词。 most， if not all ，Eg. Many individuals ，if not most ，harbor the idea that同理?用. 替换 most. 5.a slice of, quiet a few, several替换 some 6.harbor the idea that, take the attitude that, hold the view that,it is widely shared that, it is universally acknowledged that）替 think （因为是书面语，所以要加 that） 7.affair, business, matter替换 thing 8.shared 替换 common 9.reap huge fruits 替换 get many benefits 10.for my part, from my own perspective 替换 in my opinion 11.Increasing（ly ）, growing 替换 more and more（注意没有 growingly 这种形式。所以当修饰名词时用 increasing/growing。修饰形容词，副词用 increasingly. Eg.sth has gained growing popularity. Sth is increasingly popular with the advancement of sth. 12.little if anything, 或 little or nothing 替换 hardly 13. ?? beneficial, rewarding替换 helpful 14.shopper,client, consumer, purchaser替换 customer 15.exceedingly, extremely, intensely替换 very 16.hardly necessary, hardly inevitable替换unnecessary,??avoidable
中常用替换高级词汇 （一） ★形容词： 1. 贫穷的：poor = needy = impoverished = poverty-stricken 2. 富裕的：rich = wealthy = affluent = well-to-do = well-off 3. 优秀的：excellent = eminent = top = outstanding 4. 积极的，好的：good = conducive = beneficial=advantageous 5. 消极的，不良的：bad = detrimental= baneful =undesirable 6. 明显的：obvious = apparent = evident =manifest 7. 健康的: healthy = robust = sound = wholesome 8. 惊人的：surprising = amazing = extraordinary = miraculous 9. 美丽的：beautiful = attractive = gorgeous = eye-catching 10. 有活力的：energetic = dynamic = vigorous =animated 11. 流行的：popular = prevailing = prevalent= pervasive ★动词： 1. 提高，加强：improve = enhance= promote = strengthen = optimize 2. 引起：cause = trigger = endanger 3. 解决：solve =resolve =address = tackle =cope with = deal with 4. 拆除：destroy = tear down = knock down = eradicate 5. 培养: develop = cultivate = foster = nurture 6. 激发，鼓励：encourage = motivate = stimulate = spur 7. 认为：think = assert= hold = claim = argue
大学英语作文高分短语 想要在大学英语四级中的英语写作中得到高分吗?记住这些高分的英语短语句型。下面是给大家整理了大学英语作文必背短语，供大家参阅! 大学英语作文高分短语 1. "better…than…"句型 Better my life should be ended by their hate, than that hated life should be prolonged to live without your love. 2. "as it were"是一个非常常用的插入语，意思是"好象"，"可以说"等。 Apiece of iron near a magnet, though apparently separate from it , feels, as it were, the threads of this attachment. 3. 复杂结构，在下面例句中，由于anyone的定语从句过长，把谓语must realize提到定语从句之前。 Though faith and confidence are surely more or lass foreign to my nature, I do not infrequently find myself looking to them to be able, diligent, candid, and even honest. Plainly enough, that is too large an order, as anyone must realize who reflects upon the manner in which they reach public office. 6. "not…any more than…"为：
想念迈克 小知识点： Data business 金融数据企业/ official figures 官方数据/ financial data / figures 财经数据/ inspirational leader / inspiring leader 鼓舞人心的领袖/ spiritual leader 精神领袖/ financial-information firm 金融信息公司/ financial-information industry 金融信息业/ green hand = inexperienced 新手/ mayor of New York 纽约市长/ on the surface / exterior/ on the face of the thing 从表面上看/ on the interior 从本质上看/ rule the market / dominate the market / reign the market 称霸市场/ oft-cited = often cited 经常被人提起/ charismatic founder 有领导魅力的创始人/ corporate culture 企业文化/ traditionally flabby 传统的臃肿低效/ maintaining growth 保持增长/sustain growth 维持增长/ City Hall 市政厅/ great innovation 一大创举/ price data 价格数据/ analytic tools 分析工具/ financial firm 金融公司/ customer service 客户服务/ aggressive firm 强势公司/aggressive culture 强势文化/ well beyond 远远超过/ global service 全球服务公司/a group of / a series of 一系列/ financial magazines 金融杂志/ financial market 金融市场/ research publication (journal) 研究性刊物/ market-data industry 市场数据业/ management team 管理队伍/ chief executive 总裁/ investment banker 投资银行家/ significant development 重大发展/ absolute loyalty 绝对的忠诚/particular reason 特殊的原因/ management style 管理作风/ senior executive 高层主管/ senior economist 资深经济学家/ management problem 管理问题/ tricky issue/ a thorny issue / a hot potato 棘手的问题/ banking industry 银行业/ media business 媒体业务/ entrepreneurial energy 创业活力/ entrepreneurial flair 创业天赋/ trading application 交易请求/ proprietary data (network)专有数据(网络)/ restaurant review 饭店纵览/ arrogant giant 高傲自大的巨人/ strategic risk 战略风险/ based in / Headquartered in 总部设在～～/career shift 职业转变/ classic case 经典案例/ innovative corporate culture 具有创新的企业文化/ desktop computer 台式机/ inside reference 内参/ the top end 首屈一指/ hand over 移交/ chairman(president) of the board 董事长/ major share holder 大股东/ labor union 工会/ receive application 收到申请/ raw data 原始数据/ processed data 处理过的数据/ reverse the ruling 推翻这个判决/ the ruling party 执政党/ ruling body 裁决机构/ opposition party 反对党/ battle hard 奋斗/ reject the idea 打消主意/ economic downturn (recession) 经济衰退/ effective price 实际价格/ instant message 即时信息/deliver data 发送数据/ 小搭配： Pine for (to do) sth 渴望某物（或做某事）/ derive (draw) inspiration from ….. 从….. 得到鼓舞/ have (get) a sudden inspiration 灵机一动/ inspire confidence in sb 使某人产生信心/ be ready for departure 准备出发/ take one’s departure 启程出发/ gain (an) insight into sth 对…..有透彻的了解/ give sb an insight into sth 使某人对某事有深刻的理解/ hit the spot 满足要求/ in a spot 处于窘境，在困难中/ knock spots off sb 超越或胜过某人/ on the spot 在现场；立即，当场/ spot the opportunity 发现机遇/ catch the opportunity 抓住机遇/ be held in high (low ) repute 声望高（低）/ be of good (bad ,evil) repute 名声好（坏）/ be of (some) repute 有（点）名气/ consolidate one’s position in….. 加强某人在…..的地位/ touch a raw nerve / touch sb on the raw 触到某人的痛处/ get (sb) off the hook （使某人）摆脱困境/ stick at nothing 不择手段/ by hook or by crook 千方百计，不择手段/ thanks not least to…. 尤其是….. / show signs of 显示迹象/ place sth in one’ s hands 将某事交给某人/ have a say 有发言权/ make it clear 向某人证明…..、让某人明白….. / a record number of …. 创记录的数字/ hook up to / get connected to 与….. 连接/
大学物理下册常用英文单词
大学物理下册常用英文单词及短语Mechanical Oscillation（ vibration）机械振动 Electromagnetic Oscillation 电磁振荡 Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM) simple harmonic oscillator 简谐振动Superposition 合成、叠加 Spring 弹簧 Period 周期 frequency Angular frequency 频率、角频率 Phase initial phase 相位、初相 rotating vector 旋转矢量 vertical directions 垂直方向 Mechanical Wave 机械波 Plane Harmonic Waves 平面简谐波 Propagation 传播 Huygen’s Principle惠更斯原理 Interference of Waves 波的干涉 Standing Wave (Stationary Waves) 驻波 traveling wave Doppler Effect 多普勒效应 Medium 介质 Transverse waves 横波 Longitudinal waves 纵波: Wave Front：(波前) Wavelength 波长 Crest 波峰 trough 波谷 Wave speed 波速 Randomly 随机 Position 位置 Displacement 位移 wave equation 波动方程 oscillating curve 振动曲线 kinetic, potential and total energy 动能、势能和总能量 energy flow density 能流密度 spherical waves 球面波 Principle of Independent Propagation 波的独立传播原理 Principle of Superposition of Waves 波的叠加原理 Coherent wave 相干波 phase difference 相位差wave path difference 波程差 constructive 干涉相长 destructive 干涉相消 interface draft(干涉图样) Node 波节 Antinode 波幅 important features:重要性质
英语作文常用单词词组 all in all 总的说来 and so on 等等 as a matter of fact =in fact 其实，实际上 at present 目前现在 date back to 追溯到 for the future 从今以后，在今后 from now on 今后，从现在起 in short 总之，总而言之 in a word 简言之、一句话、总之 in the end 最后，终于 most important of all 最重要的是 about all 首先 for one thing,for another thing 首先…，再者… first of all, next then, lastly 首先，然后，最后 firstly,secondly,thirdly…finally 第一，第二，第三…最后in addition 另外 in addition to 除…之外 according to 根据 as far as I am concerned 据我所知 generally speaking 一般说来 what’s more 更多的是 therefore 因此，从而 furthermore =moreover再者 otherwise 另外 in my opinion 我认为，我的意见是 not only …but also 不但…而且… in spite of 不管 for example 例如… different from 与……不同 as a result (of) 结果 in order to do 为了 There is no doubt that 毫无疑问 It is well known that 大家都知道 to tell the true 说实话 however 然而 therefore 因此 since then 自从那时起 as soon as 一……就…… thanks to 多得，幸亏 英语作文常用句型： 1.表示原因 1)The reason for this is that…
英语作文中常用替换高级词汇 (一) ★形容词： 1、贫穷得:poor = needy ＝impovｅrishｅd ＝ poverty-strｉcｋｅｎ 2、富裕得:rich ＝ wealｔhy = affluent ＝ welｌ－to-dｏ= well-oｆf?3、优秀得:eｘｃellent = emｉnent ＝ top = oｕｔsｔandｉng 4、积极得,好得:good = conducive = benefｉcｉal=ａｄvanｔａgeoｕs?5、消极得,不良得:ｂａｄ = deｔriｍeｎtaｌ= ｂanｅfｕl ＝undesｉrable 6、明显得:obvious = aｐpaｒｅnｔ = eｖiｄent =maniｆesｔ 7、健康得: healthy ＝ robust = sｏunｄ = ｗhoｌｅsｏme ８、惊人得:surpｒｉsing = aｍazing = ｅxtraorｄiｎａry ＝ mirａｃｕlous?9、美丽得:beaｕtiful = attｒactivｅ = goｒgeous = eye-catching?1０、有活力得:ｅnergｅｔｉc = dynaｍiｃ= vigｏroｕs =animateｄ11?、流行得：ｐopulａr = ｐrｅvailing = pｒeｖａlenｔ= pervasｉvｅ ★动词: 1、提高,加强:imｐrｏｖe = ｅｎhａnce= pｒoｍｏte = ｓtrengthen = optiｍizｅ ２、引起:caｕse = ｔriggeｒ= eｎｄanger? ３、解决:solve ＝resolvｅ =addｒess = ｔackle =cope with = ｄeal ｗｉth 4、拆除:dｅstroy = ｔear ｄowｎ = knock ｄｏwn = erａdｉcatｅ 5、培养: dｅvelｏｐ = cultivate = fostｅr = ｎurｔｕre 6、激发,鼓励:enｃoｕrａge = moｔｉvaｔe ＝ｓtｉｍｕｌaｔｅ = ｓｐｕｒ 7、认为：thiｎk = ａssert= ｈold = claiｍ= ａrguｅ ８、完成：plete = fｕｌfiｌl ＝ａｃplｉsｈ= ａcｈiｅve 9、保留:keep = pｒesｅrve ＝ rｅｔaｉn = ｈold 11、10、有害于:destroy = impａir ＝undeｒmｉne = jeopａｒdｉze?
要点:四级120-150六级150-180长短句交叉,不多次重复,高级词汇15个 被动句,插入语,定语从句,强调,名词从句,问句 句型 There is no denying the fact that......不可否认是It is undeniable that……毋庸置疑的是…… It is indisputable that......不可争辩是 when it comes to sth,the overwhelming majority of ......说到sth An increasi ng great number of……一个数目增加的…… It is,therefore,high time that same applicable approaches were implemented by……。Thus,its competetive edge will be sharpened effectively。适当方法被用，提高竞争力。 sth exert a tremendous fascination on sb某人对某物感兴趣 It is no exaggeration to sa y……说……是毫不夸张的 Recently the issue of the phenomenon of……has been brought into focus……问题已成为焦点 As the （classical）proverb goes,‘’……‘’正如谚语所说 With the rapid growth of……,随着……快速增长, 名词短语 fresh point/look新论点/看法 applicable/apposite/appropriate approaches恰当的方法an empty slogan一个空洞的口号 income/generation gap收入差距/代沟 a local point of view狭隘的看法 specialized knowledge and skills专业知识与技能sustainable/rapid development可持续/快速发展 Pandora's Box潘多拉的魔盒 international prestige国际地位 culture/economic globalization文化/经济全球化 vigor and vitality生机与活力 macro regulatory and control ability宏观调控能力Ivory Tower象牙塔 maintenance of ecological balance保护生态平衡 urban/affuent life城市/富足的生活 indispensable element不可或缺的要素 domin/experiential/rudimentary knowledge领域/经验/基础知识 merits and demerits优点和缺点 a two-edged sword双刃剑 动词短语 hatch and breed孕育与培养 seize the opportunities and rise to the challenges抓住机遇,迎接挑战 scrape up/reinfore one's knowledge积累/巩固知识 differentiate virtue from vice区分善恶 （be）despised and condemned被蔑视和谴责 take sth seriously严肃对待 pay a heavy price付出代价 be virtually impossible极不可能 focus attention on self-image注重自我形象 be proficient in精通于 reap the benefits of因/从……得到好处 be conducive to sth有助于 turn a bleed eye on无视 sharpen one' competitive edge提高某人竞争力 be inclined to do想要,倾向做 contribute directly to直接有助于 pray in aid of求助于 frown upon反对 ignite one's enthusiasm点燃热情 swarm into涌入 exert a positive/negative impact on对……有积极/消极影响discriminate against/（in favour of）歧视/偏爱 illustrate sth with sth用……解释……strengthen basic and public construction加强公共基础建设 google the Internet上网搜索 deliver emails发邮件 undertake correspondent obligation承担相应义务function in the disservice of对……有害 foster strengths and circumvent weaknesses扬长避短 连词 Ironically讽刺地说 Unquestionably毋庸置疑 on most occasions大多情况下 Specifically speaking具体地说 Conspicuously显然 as a consequence of由于……（不好）Confronted with sth(问题)面临...... In my perspective在我看来 whereas/howbeit=however as an illustration作为例子 in that＝because principally最重要地 be the occasion of引起 futhermore/moreover/additionally另外,此外,而且 in consequence/consequently结果（不好）（be）in contradiction of与……矛盾 in the foreseeable future在可预见的将来 Albeit/notwithstanding虽然,即使
常用词： 重要的： key, crucial, imperative critical, important, significant, vital, substantial, indispensable 急剧地： dramatically，drastically，sharply，hugely，enormously，steeply，substantially，considerably，significantly，surprisingly，strikingly，radically，remarkably，vastly，noticeably 认为： think, believe, insist, maintain, assert, conclude, deem, hold, argue,, harbor the idea that, take the attitude that, hold the view that, it is widely shared that, it is universally acknowledged that, be firmly convinced, be fully co nvinced … 优势： advantage, merit, virtue, benefit, upside, strength 句子： 倒装： So expensive is food because of inflation that I could only afford food in students’ canteen. Not only must we be confident of our own future, we mus t also be ready to cope with any sort of setbacks. Only in this way/under successful control of/under special circumstances/after careful considerations can we……. （常用于解决问题型的作文） Only under successful control can we minimize the negative impacts and maximize positive impacts. 段落： 1. 引言段常采用的典型句式: It is commonly accepted/ thought that … There is a general debate/ discussion/ tendency (these days) that… There is no consensus of opinions among people as to .... Recently, there has aroused a controversial/heated debate/contention as to/ove r… It is well known to us that modern science plays an increasingly important role in our life. As is known to us, the problem of human population has long been a subject of discussion among the peoples of various countries of the world. We shouldn't ignore the fact that many cities are confronted with the problem of heavy traffic. No one can have failed to notice the fact that… 2．常见主体句子 1）观点类 1. Some people prefer living in the countryside, while others feel inclined to a life in big cities. 2.Some people believe the reason lies in industry，while others maintain it is good luck that gives rise to the success. Still others claim both the industry and good luck play an essential part. 3. When asked about/When it comes to/Faced with …most people claim that…, but others regard/consider differently. They argue that…. I am inclined to take the … side. 2).表示原因 1. Many factors lead/contribute to the trend of increasing in examination.
1. important =crucial (extremely important),significant(amount or effect large enough to be important) The way you and I approach today, and each day, is crucial. 我们对待今天以及每一天的式都是至关重要的。 Whether at work or at home, the goal is to engage in activities that are both personally significant and enjoyable. 无论在工作中还是在家里，目标都是从事个人重大的并且令人愉快的活动。 https://www.doczj.com/doc/6f8505093.html,mon=universal, ubiquitous(if something is ubiquitous, it seems to be everywhere) Music has been called the universal language. 人们称音乐为世界的语言. Happiness is ubiquitous, may fall short of demand. 幸福无处不在,可还是供不应求. 3.abundant=ample(enough and usually extra), plentiful(enough for people's needs and wants) He has received ample praise for the work he did. 他所做的工作，使他获得了广泛的赞美。 This place has plentiful material resources. 这地的物质资源是丰富的。 4.stick=adhere, cling(hold on something tightly) We adhere to the principle that everyone should be treated fairly. 我们必须坚持人人都应该被平等对待这一原则。 The children cling to their father for more pocket money. 孩子们粘着爸爸，要他再给些零花。 5.neglect=ignore.(difference: neglect means someone has not paid enough attention to something; ignore means no attention.) Focus in the person who are talking with you,ignore something else. 把全身的注意力都集中在与你谈话的人身上，忽略其他。 6.near=adjacent(twothings next to each other), adjoin(the same as adjacent) His house is adjacent to mine. 他的寓所与我的相毗连。
提高英语写作分数的88个词组 1.经济的快速发展the rapid development of economy 2.人民生活水平的显著提高/ 稳步增长the remarkable improvement/ steady growth of people’s living standard 3.先进的科学技术advanced science and technology 4.面临新的机遇和挑战be faced with new opportunities and challenges 5.人们普遍认为It is commonly believed/ recognized that… 6.社会发展的必然结果the inevitable result of social development 7.引起了广泛的公众关注arouse wide public concern/ draw public attention 8.不可否认It is undeniable that…/ There is no denying that… 9.热烈的讨论/ 争论a heated discussion/ debate 10. 有争议性的问题 a controversial issue 11.完全不同的观点 a totally different argument
12.一些人…而另外一些人… Some people… while others… 13. 就我而言/ 就个人而言As far as I am concerned, / Personally, 14.就…达到绝对的一致reach an absolute consensus on… 15.有充分的理由支持be supported by sound reasons 16.双方的论点argument on both sides 17.发挥着日益重要的作用play an increasingly important role in… 18.对…必不可少be indispensable to … 19.正如谚语所说As the proverb goes: 20.…也不例外…be no exception 21.对…产生有利/不利的影响exert positive/ negative effects on… 22.利远远大于弊the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages。 23.导致，引起lead to/ give rise to/ contribute to/ result in 24.复杂的社会现象 a complicated social phenomenon